Rizal

And
the 1896
Revolution
 Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order

 Rizal’s political ideas remained the same

 Carnicero sympathized with Rizal and

assured him of the possible support of
Carnicero’s friends in Madrid.

 But Carnicero believed of the possibility of

the friars’ hindrance.
 Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order
 Despujol ordered Carnicero to convince
Rizal to write down his intention of sating in
Dapitan:
Rizal had come to love Dapitan
Rizal had become good friends with Carnicero

 Rizal wrote of his intention of staying in

Dapitan if he would be given full freedom,
with the assurance that he would not abuse
it.
 Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order
 Despujol turned down Rizal’s offer.

 Rizal threatened Despujol that he would

write to his friends in Madrid about the
banishment order should it not be lifted.

 In turn, Despujol ordered Carnicero to

ensure that no letter of Rizal would
reach its destination.
Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order
 Federico Ochando  Despujol

 Juan Sitges  Carnicero

 Juan Sitges and Rizal’s relationship was

the complete opposite of what friendship
Rizal had with Carnicero.
Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order
 Rumors that Sitges was to shoot Rizal
the moment the latter attempts to
escape.

 Every movement of Rizal was closely

watched and regulated.
Report to Sitges THREE times a day.
Prohibited to leave the town and walkbeyond
the street of Dapitan without permission
Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order
 Later on, the relationship between the
two turned from good to bad.

 Ramon Blanco  Ochando

 At this point, Rizal reiterated of his

appeal for the lifting of his deportation.
 Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order
 Told of the injustice of his rustication order:
No evidence to support the charges against him
This unjust rustication had resulted to his separation
from his family
Argued that if he were a Spanish citizen, the
accusations against him would not even be
considered a crime.

 He did not receive any reply from Blanco

regarding this matter.
 Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order
 In November of the same year, Blanco
made a visit to Dapitan.

 Invited Rizal aboard his ship to tell him

of his relocation to either Vigan or La
Union.

 Even suggested that Rizal sail to Spain

because of his poor health
Rizal’s Plea for the Lifting of his Rustication Order

 Rizal was quite happy with his audience

with Blanco.

 But when he wrote a letter to Blanco asking

for the latter’s permission in opening an
agricultural settlement in Sindangan Bay, he
never received any reply from the
Governor-General.
Gov. Gen. Ramon
Despujol Blanco
Attempts to Win Back Rizal
to Catholicism
The JESUITS who exerted efforts to win
back Rizal to the fold of the Church

 Fr. Obach – the parish priest of Dapitan

 Fr. Villaclara – the parish priest of Dipolog
 Fr. Sanchez – Rizal’s former teacher at Ateneo

 Fr. Pablo Pastells – the Superior of the Jesuit Order

who continued the work of his predecessors.
He sent Rizal a series of letters convincing Rizal of the flaws
of his religious views that led to a religious debate between
Rizal and Pastells.
 Fr. Juan Ricart – he attributed the Jesuit’s failure to
Carnicero
The arrival of Josephine Bracken in
Dapitan ...
 Rizal requested Fr. Obach to officiate a
church wedding to legalize his union.

- Two conditions that Fr. Obach to solemnize Rizal’s

marriage with Josephine :

- Retraction of Rizal’s religious errors

- General confession

 However, no church wedding took place

because Rizal did not concur with the
requirements.
Strategies that the friars employed to win
Rizal back to Catholicism

1st Strategy :

“BRIBERY”
PROFESSORIAL
CHAIR IN A A LANDED ESTATE PHP 100,000.00
UNIVERSITY

CONDITION: Rizal would repudiate his Noli Me Tangere and

El Filibusterismo
 MARIA – Rizal’s sister. She urged Rizal to
accept the offer.
Rizal responded by saying:

“ What my right hand

did, my left hand will
not undo.”
 2nd Strategy:
“USE OF A SPY in the name of
PABLO MERCADO”
His real name was FLORENCIO NAMANAN of Cagayan de Misamis.

He agreed to work for the friars due to the promise of the Recollects:
 That he shall be conferred the title “Friar Curator of the Recollects”.

His MISSION:
 Securing letters and other articles that would show that Rizal was a
separatist.

He went to Dapitan and offered himself as a courier of Rizal’s letters and writings for
the patriots in Manila.
He was arrested by Commander Juan Sitges.
ATTEMPTS TO RESCUE
RIZAL FROM DAPITAN
The Grand Regional Council of
Philippine Masonry

 Rizal is a threat to the masonry

Generated funds for Rizal’s trip
to Spain
Europe

Timoteo Paez

Find a suitable
vessel for Rizal in
Hong Kong or
Singapore
Europe

Jose Maria Basa

Work for Rizal’s

release through his
friends among the
ministers in Madrid
Europe
Antonio Regidor

Work out for

Rizal’s freedom in
Manila
Escape from
Dapitan
Rizal or del Pilar
as the deputy in the
Spanish Cortes
Katipunan

May 2, 1896
Secret meeting at Bitukang
Manok
Rizal will lead the revolution
Andres Bonifacio
commissioned Pio
Valenzuela to be his
emissary to Rizal
Dr. Pio Valenzuela

June 15, 1896

Steamer Venus
Raymundo Mata

June 21, 1896

Rizal objected the plan
because
× The people are not ready
for a revolution
× Not enough arms and
funds
Ferdinand Blumentritt
Cuba
Revolution
Yellow Fever epidemic
Shortage of physicians to minister the
needs of the Spanish troops and the
Cuban people
Rizal
December 17, 1895
He wrote a letter to Gov. Gen. Ramon
Blanco – offer his services as military
doctor in Cuba
 July 21, 1896
Letter of acceptance from
Gov. Gen. Blanco
Politco-military commander
of Dapitan would give him a
pass to go to Manila

“and there the Minister of War will assign you to

the Army of Operations in Cuba, detailed to the
Medical Corps”
-Gov. Gen Ramon Blanco
Adiós Dapitan
Rizal left Dapitan
July 31, 1896
Steamer España
Josephine, Narcisa, Angelica, his three
nephews and six students
Funeral March of Chopin
“I have been in this district for four
years, thirteen days and a few hours
-Jose Rizal
Rizal in Manila
August 6, 1896
He missed the ship Isla de Luzon
“Unfortunately, we did not catch the mail
boat for Spain, and, fearing that my stay in
Manila might result in trouble, I remained
on board the boat and sent word to the
Governor General that I wished to be
isolated from all the world. The General
sent me to the Cruiser Castilla, where I
remained isolated, excepting for my
family."

– Jose Rizal ‘s letter to Blumentritt

“Manila, August 30, 1896
 Esteemed General and Distinguished Friend:

I recommend to you with genuine interest Dr. José Rizal, who is

leaving for the Peninsula to place himself at the disposal of the
government as volunteer army surgeon to Cuba. During the four
years of his exile at Dapitan he has conducted himself in the most
exemplary manner, and he is, in my opinion, the more worthy of
praise and consideration in that he is in no way connected with
the extravagant attempts we are now deploring, neither those of
conspirators nor of the secret societies that have been formed.
I have the pleasure to reassure you of my high esteem, and
remain,
Your affectionate friend and comrade,
Ramon Blanco”
He was transferred to the cruiser
Castilla
Capt. Enrique Santalo
August 6 – September 2, 1896
The Revolution Breaks Out
Rizal and the Katipunan

Andres Bonifacio was sowing the seeds of an

armed uprising with the gain of more power and
adherents of Katipunan, the secret revolutionary
society he founded on July 7, 1892.
Rizal and the Katipunan

In a secret meeting of Katipunan in the little

river named Bitukang Manok near Pasig, Dr.
Pio Valenzuela was named emissary to
Dapitan in order to inform Rizal of the
Katipunan’s plan of launching a revolution.
Rizal and the Katipunan

 Valenzuela left Manila on board steamer

Venus.
 To camouflage his real mission, he
brought with him a blind man named
Raymundo Mata and a guide
 And during a dinner in the garden,
Valenzuela told Rizal of the Katipunan
plan and of the necessity of his support.
Steamer Venus

Pio Valenzuela
Rizal and the Katipunan

 Rizal believed that the idea of launching

a revolution was premature because
the people are not ready for a revolution
and the arms and funds must first be
collected before raising the revolution.

Rizal also disapproved of the plan of the

Katipunan to rescue him because he had
given his word of honor to the Spanish
authorities and he did not want to break it.
Rizal and the Katipunan
 The desire of the Filipinos to fight was intensified by the
finding of Father Mariano Gil about the Katipunan through
Teodoro Patino

 The news about the Cry of Pugadlawin reached Rizal.

Rizal was no longer surprised with the news as he had
always expected something like this to happen if the
Spanish government won’t give the Filipinos the reform
that they are asking for.

 The Cry of Pugadlawin took place in Caloocan on August

26, 1896. When the leaders expressed their willingness to
fight, Bonifacio asked them to bring out their cedulas and
tear them apart, shouting “Mabuhay ang Pilipinas”.
 RIZAL SAILS
FOR SPAIN TO
CUBA
Rizal Sails to Spain for Cuba
September 3, 1896
Steamer Isla de Panay

1. He was happy for he felt like he succeeded in his race

against the revolution.

2. Though the idea of going to Cuba was not his, he thought it

was good enough to avoid accusations regarding the
Katipunan later on.
Rizal Sails to Spain for Cuba

at Bay, September 2, 1896

I urge you to take care of, to serve and to love our parents as
you would like your children later to take care of serve and love you
in your old age. May you live united and forgive one another’s
asperities and slight faults -the natural thorns of life- because it is a
displeasure for parents to see that their children are not living in
harmony. Afterwards, when our parents are dead, we shall miss
them greatly and we shall be sorry for not having served them while
they lived.

- Jose P. Rizal
Blanco and his evil plans

1. Unknowingly, Blanco sent coded telegrams

for Rizal’s arrest.

2. He was told of this arrest by the Captain of

Isla de Panay while he was in the steamer.

3. Rizal was surprised by this.

October 3, 1896

He reached Barcelona and was held as prisoner.

He was told that he was to be taken to Fort

Monjuich, prison citadel of the city.

Gen. Despujol informed him of his deportation

back to the Philippines.
Rizal Sails to Spain for Cuba
 Don Pedro Roxas,

a passenger of Isla de Panay who advised Rizal to take

advantage of the protection of the British law.
Rizal Sails to Spain for Cuba
 Rizal’s friends knew of what happened and
they all came to the rescue.

 Regidor and Lopez transmitted telegrams to

English lawyer in Singapore, Hugh Fort to
rescue the hero by means of
writ of habeas corpus.
Rizal Sails to Spain for Cuba

The steamer arrived in Manila on

November 3, 1896. under tight security,
Rizal was brought and incarcerated at Fort
Santiago. Meanwhile, the Spanish
authorities commenced their expedition of
fishing all evidences that can be used against
Rizal.
Those who sympathized were to be
harassed and tortured.