cM 0182s

I STANEDAFItrT
CHINEEiE
A MODULAF| APPFIOACH

a
R E S O U R CM
E ODULES:
PRONUNCIATIO
aNndROMANIZATION
NUMBERS
CLASSROOM
EXPRESSIONS

I TIME and DATES

SPONSORED EIY AGENCIES OF THE

UNITED STATES AND CANAOIAN GOVEFNMENTS
O
Thir Dubli@tionisto be usedDimanlv In tullon ol intrrucrinomrlirarvDe6onnel
4 pa.t ol the oeleme LanquageProgram(iesidentand noniesidentl.hquiriee
.onernrngthe $e ol materialr,includinq.equetBfor cooies,ehouldbe addre$ed
o
D€fente Languagel.nitul€
ForeignLangua9e c€nter
NonretidentTr.ininoDivision
Presidro
of Monterev--
CA939,14-5006
Topi6 in the drearof politi6, inremarional
.elariorE,moret ,
conrideredascontroveBialhom rohe pojhtr of vletv..relometf
ldn9uageinstructionfor DUFL<ttudeoti 3in.e mllha.y ii
thems€lves in positions
wb€rea Glearifiid€Etandlng of 6nl!b
matenalrof this n.lure will be e$ential to thei. mittion-
.ontroveBialstat€ments-whetierrcal or apparent-inDUFLChateifal
be conrtrued!s rep.etenti.g rhe opin'ons of the wrireB, the OO EErh.
Department
ol Delens€.
Adual brand namesand buih$ser are 3ometimescired in DLTFLC innrudoral
maieri.ls to provideInrtrudion 'n pronuncialionrand meanrnqs. The eled&{-ol
3u.h proprietdryterms and nEmesB based30l.lyon thervalue lor innructionh ihe
lanquaqe. lt doe not con3lirureendoBement of anv Drodu( or comm€.cial
enterprhe,nor it it intendedto invite a comoarisonwith othe. bra.d names.nd
buti.eset not mentioned.
In DLIFLC publicationr,lhe wordt he, tim, and/orr'i denote borh mas(ulineand
f e m i n i n eg e n d e B T h r sn a t e m e r r d o e sn o t a p p l v r o r r d n s l d i r o nor f f o r e i g n

The DLIFLC may not havefull right3to the mareriakir produce! Durchareby the
cutlomerdoesnct coNtitute aLrhoriz.xon for.eoroducton. r$ale, orihowina tor
p.of't. Generally,productsd,rtnbutedby the DLIFLC may be uled In any noifor
profit5ettinqwirhout prior approvalfrohthe DLlFLc.
 STANDARDCHINESE
A 'IIODULARAPPROACH'

NESOURCEMODULES:

ANdROMANIZATION
PRONUNCIATION
NUMBERS
CLASSROOMEXPRESSIONS
TIME ANdDATES

AUGUST197S
 a
PBEFACE

S + a n d a r dC h l n 6 s 6 . A M o d u l a r A p p r o E c ho . l g l n . t € d l i . n lnt.r-
a 9 6 r c t c o r r 6 r € 1 c o \ o r d a t f h € r o r 6 q n s . r v r c 6 I n s r l t u l € l i A ug us t
l 9 7 i i o a d d r € s sT h o n e e d g € n € r a l l y f e l + l i t h €
l a n g u a g €t r a l n l n s c o h h u n i ' f yf o r l n p r o v l n g a n d
n.tsrrals to reilecl cu.r€ni usaq6 ln 86lJlng

Th€.onrerenco f,ai€.l.ls rhlch rer6

f l € t l b l € 6 n o u g hT n r o r m . n d c o n + 6 i t f o n 6 6 l t h o 1 6 q u l r . n € n t s o r
. r i d € r a n ! 6 o f s o v € r n n e n ra g e n c i € s a n d s c . d € h l . l n s t l + u t l 6 i s .

A Prol€ct Boa.dva5 e5r.blish6d conststln! of repres6nl.-

t r v € s o t t h 6 C € d r r . t t i r e t t i g 6 n c € A 9 6 n . y L a n g u a g eL o . F n l n g C 6 n t . r ,
l l r s D € f € n s € 1 6 n g u a g oI n s i t t u . i e , f h 6 S i . t € D € p . r t i 6 n r ' s F o r 6 t g n
s € r v i c € l n s + l + u + e ,+ h € C r y p t o t o q t . S c h o o to r r h o N ! t t o . a t S € c ! -
rrty Ageicyr and +h€ !,5. 0rfTce ot Edu..tton, tar.r jotn€d bv
t h € C a . € d l . n F o r c € s F o . e i S n L e n q u a 9 6S . h o o t . T h o . 6 p r € s € n t a t t v € s
h ! v € I n c l u d o d A . + h u r T , r r c N e T t t ,J o h n H o p k l n s , a n d J o h n a o : g
( C l A ) : C o l o n 6 lJ o h n F . E l d . r t t t , J o s € p hC . X u t c h t n s o n t, v y
G i b l e i , E n d M . j o . B € r n ! r d M u l e r - T h y m{ D L l ) r J . n € s R . F . t + i r . n d
J o h n 3 . R . t l l f f l l l ( F 5 l ) ; K a z u oS h l t . h . ( N S A ) ,R t c h . r d T .
T h o n p s . n. n d J u i , . P 6 t . o v ( O E ) r a n d L t e u l 6 n a . t C o t o n . t c . o r q s

r h € F r o J e c r B o . r d s . + u p t h e C h l h o s oC o r . C u . . r c u t ! i P r o J o c t
ln l9?4 In spac6providdd at tho aorelsn 5€rvtc€ Ins+tfu16. E.ch
6 t t h € s l r U . S . . n d C e n a d l a ng o v s . i n € i t a ! € n c t . s p r o v t d . d t u i d s
rid oth€r asslsfance.

G . r . r d F . K o k r a s a p p o T n t . dp r o j € e t c o o r d t n ! t o r , a n d !
pl!nnrn9 council ras io.med conslsllng ot fir. Kok, Fr.nc6s Lt of
r h o D 6 l € n s . L . n g u a g eI n s + l + u + e , P d r r t . i a 0 ' c o n n o . o l r h 6 u n t e 6 r -
s l t y o l T € x a s , E a . l t r . R l c k 6 . s o n o t t h e L ! n s u a 9 6L € . r n t n g c o n t 6 r ,
a n d J . h 6 s l , l r € n io t g r o k d U i T v € r s t t y . r i r h 6 f a ot 197i,
L s c i l l 6 A . a a r a l 6 v a s . p p o l n t € d d € p c 1 yp r o J . c t c o o r d t n a l o r .
D a v l d l { . D 6 l l l n g € r o r T h e L . n q u a g sL 6 6 . n t n g C 6 n t € . ! n ! C h . . t 6 s
F . S n o o h . ro l t h € r o r o 9 l s € r v l c € r r e r . . u . e a t s o
plannrng councll and cont.rbutod naterl6l ro +h6 p.oj.ct. Th.
p l a . . r n g c o u i c l l d r € * u p r h € o r l g i ^ ! l o v € r a l l d 6 s l 9 nr o . t h .
m61roqularly to.6vler Th€lr d€v6toohont

|lrl+ers lor tho flrs+ hslf ol the h.t€rtats sero John H. T.

H!.v6yr Lucllle A. Aar.l€, and RoberlaS. a..rv, rho ,ork6d in
cros6 coop€r.tlon rlth th. pl6i^tn!.ounc aid rtth th6 chin€s€
statt ot the Forotgn S€rvtc6 tistttu+.. I,r.. H6.v€v d6votoD6d
ihs Instructloh.l ro.nats ot rh€ c.npr6h6nstoi.nd p.oduciton

t
selt-study n.terl6lE, !nd also d.sisned th€ cohhuitcattoi-b.sed
class.oon ac'tlvl+ies .nd vrot6 the reacher,s q!td6s. LucI te
A. SEral€ and RobertaS. Barry rrot. the t6p6 s.rtDts and th6
 I
3 y 9 ? 3 ' ' 6 _ a s C , M a o o € ra r d 9 J s . 1 c . o o l . t t d- . a r
iotl€o - h o 5r.ri, rr€v 1av. rorl6d as a
f o p r o d u c . i h € n a t € r r a l s s u b s € q u o i rr o M o d u l o6 .

All Cnln€s€lano"so€ p . € p a - o do . s e r . c ' 6 d b v

c- sl Lr di an - on.t c \ . o , Y n q - ; \ i ( 1 6 r , Fc ao-j-1q cFl, !!3 0lao, rdl rlu,
Lt, and " ; . F J c, v ! . s , a s s i s r € dl o - D a r ' o l l \ € ' l - €
bv c;r6^-t.1a ou 166, w r s - n 1 9 c 1 o - , a _ d l o c a o . L ' rr s ' u a 1 9 .
A i r . A f l h o l d a r .U € - i l C\.., 6rd F€"y rrJo elp€d rf€ orop'
. r a t l c i o l . o i . l l n l n t r V c o r p u 5o l d T ! l o g u € s .
A d n l i l s r . . + l v € 6 s s l 5 + 6 n c €r a e p r o v r d o d . r v a r l o u s t l h € s b v
V l n . . n f E . s c l . n o , L l s . A . B o { d e n J, l l l U . E l l l 5 , o o n d aF o n g ,
R . n € oT . C . L l r n g , l h o n . s E . t d d . n , S ! s . n C . P o l a , ! n d K r + h l € € n

T h s o r o d u c t l o no t r a o € r o c o r d l i g s v a s d l r 6 c t 6 d b v J o s o I l .
R . n l . € z o i t h o F o r . ! 9 n s 6 r v l . € I n s t T t ! + € R € c o . d l n gs t u d l o . T h €
C h l n . s e s . f l o r w . s v o l c € d b y 1 . 1 sC. h a o , i l s C h o n , H . . C h e n /
t l s . o l a o , M s , N u , I l r . K h ! o , 1 . 1 . .L l , a n d l l s Y a n g T h o E n g T s h
s.rlo+ e!s .6ad bv M5. BaraE, Ms. 3trry, Mr' gascl.no, s. E!lls,
ds. Fola, and ris. sr.YPe,
T h e g r a p h l . s , 6 . e p . 6 d u c 6 db y J o h d M c C l € l l . n d o r t h o F o . e l q n
s6rvlc€ Ins+rture Audlo-vlsual ih€ 9oi6.ar sup€r-
! l r l o n o f J o s e p hA . s a d o t 6 ,c h r o t o i A u d i o _ v i s u r l .
S r . r d a - dC . r 6 s o : r v o o J . a -! o o r o . c F" 6 r r i € o - 1 € s - o .r l r F
t h € c o o D € . 0 + l o no f B r o i r ! 1 v a ' e
t u f € , F ; . 6 l g n L 6 i g u a q oC o i + e . r ' t h € F . r € l g n S e r v l c a n s t l l u r e t
th€ L.nsu!se L..rnlig Coit€-; tho Uiit€d Sfat€s al. Fo.c€ A..d6hv
+ h e ! n l v 6 . s l t v o f l l l l n o l s r . n d + h o U n i v e . s l r yo f v l r g r i l . .
c o r o n a l s a n u € l L . s + 6 p l e ' i o i a n d c o l o n e T h o h a sG , F o 5 + o r ,
C o m n a n d a n tosr T h € D a t € ^ s 6L a n q ! a 9 €l n s +i r ! r e . F o r e l S i L a i g u a q €
c € n t 6 r , a u t h o . l z 6 d r h e D L F L c s u p p o . l n e c es s a . y r o . p . e p a r a ti o n
o r + r r T 5€ d i f l o n o t t h e c o u r t o m a r e r l al s . I h l s s u p p o r tI n c l u d e d
c o o r dr ^ a t l o i , g r a p h l . a r f e , € d l t l ^ 9 , + y p i i s , p . o o r . € e di i g ,
p r l n t l n g , 6 n d n s * € . l a l s n a . € s 3 a r yr o

/-tu/
Ja n € s R . r r l t h , c h a r r n a n
C h l n 6 s eC o . 6 C u r r l c u l c h
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 (P&Rl
andnOMANIZATION
PRONUNCIATION
I
INTRODUCTION

Y o u r c h l o r c o n c e r n€ s y o 0 s t a . t t h l s c o ! r s e l s l 6 . . n l n g
C h l n e s € . I h € 0 r T o n t a + l o i r . i o d ! l e ,v h l . h p l u n g s g
you rlght Into +rylnq to say thlngs ln chln€se, trat!.ally
l n ! o l v e s e c € r + a l n a n o u n +o f p . o n u n c i . + i o n r o r l , Tils rosourco
n o d u l 6 l 5 d 6 s l 9 n € dt o s u p p l € n o n r+ h 6 + t o r k v l t h a b r l . l r s y s -
lena+tc ln+roductlon syston ot Stand.rd Chlh.s.,
€ s * . l l e s i o l t s v r l + + . n r € p 1 6 s G n i e + r o ir n l l ! ) 4 ! r o m . n l 2 . f l o ^ .

Th6 ess6ntiai pa.t ol thts nodul€ conslsfs of rh€ P.onun-

clEtloi..d R o m a n l z a t l o n( P & F ) t a p o s a n d t h € a c c o n p a n y l n gd l s -
olays 6dd 6rer.lses ln tho rorkbook soction of +hls nodul6, You
should vo.k ihrouqh at lBast tho llrst four ol th€5e top€s, and
pr€f6rably rhe firs+ sTt, vhlle you a.o studylnq +h€ 0rl€nlatlon

F o l l o * l r s + h e , o r k b o o ks e c + i . n o f t h l s n o d ! l € , y . c , l l l t l n d
. s ! F h . r y o t p r o n u n c l a t l o na n d r o h s n l ? a l l o n . Y o u h l 9 h i r . h t t o
g.nc€ Et this b€fo16sla.llng the i.p€5, p.rtlc!la.ly to loc.+o
c€rtalnchorts.nd lisfs shlchcouldb6 hel0ful
But lt rocld prob.bly b€ b€tter +o p!+ otl s+udyiig rh€ 3uhn6ry
un+ll afler you hav€ Jlhlsh€d th6 1ap6s. The rap6s a.€ Int6nd€d
a s a n l i t . o d u c + l o n , f , h ll 6 t h € s q h h a r y i s n o i . F o r o n € t h l n 9 ,
t € r t d l s . u s s l o n s o t t h 6 s o u n d so l + h o l a n q u . g € c a n n o t 6 q u a l t h e
.€.ordod p.€se.1.tion5 .nd your teach.rrs oral pr€s€nlatlons.
Fo. anoth6r Thing, +ho suhna.yprovldos coisldarably nor€ lnfor-
hatlon th.n you rl I I i€ed

Both th6 leoes.nd +he sunhsrvcoit.ln di.cussions ot +h€

souids 6t +he l€i9u696aid rh6r. sp6rrin9s. Younay tlnd fh.t
th65€ dis.ossions ofl6r us6ful hlnt's, Ellorlng you 1o put your
ntoll€ct .}o *ork on tho orobl€nsor D.onuncl€1lon.id rom.n-
z.TIon. Nor€vo., porTlcularly In pronunci!+ioi, h.s+ or tou.
o.rdlng hust cone troh dolng. lT Ts Tnporl.il to p.6ctlce
r € e d i n 9a n d v . l t i n g t h 6 . o n a n r 2 € t l o i , b u t r t i 3 v l r a l + o p r a c -
t l c e r e c o g i i z l n g . n d p . o d 0 c i n 9 ? h € s o u n d so t r h e l a n g u a g 6 .
Serlous and susialned att€np+sto nlml., as lalrhfully .s pos-
s l b l o , o i t h 6 . y o u r T n s * r u c + o .o r + h € s p e . k o r s o n + h € t . p e s r i l l
allo, you fo plck up uiconsclo!sly far 60re rhan you c.n rlt6nd

The mo3t lmpo.tant thlnq for yoo to do ls +o.b.ndon thg

phoioricrtprojudlcesl you hav€ bullt !p as a sporker of Engll3h
a n d s u r . e n d e r y o u . s e l f l o t h o s o u n d so l C h l i e s € . S e l i g l o s s s € t
+ h a na d u l t s l n t h 6 l r u . y s r c h l l d r € n a r € q u l c k € . r o p l c k u p .
prop€r ..c€nt. T r y t o . 6 9 . € s s f o t h 6 p h o n . + l c s u q g € s t l b lI l r y o t
chl ldhood,ho*6v6r hard it Is to sh€dtho sef. and confortable
rlgldl+y !nd c.r+ainty of adulthood. Th6 host your ln+€ll6cl c€i
s u p p l y l s € c € r t a i n . m o u i + o f S u i d a n c oa i d i o n l t o r l n 9 .
PiR ODIIIE

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at t6.

t7. 13. t9. 20.

t2
 (cor€oNAt'lB A D vOwELSlll)
TAPE4 WORKBOOK

DI'PLAY T AFFFICAI!9 AIID FiICANYEA

4Fhs g$ie !$ne

{l!.s . glans !lth9
Zrns Itis glng

!.i.gr v3' Il!,c

!e!e!.g E@!s
l. Shlng 6. Shlng
2. 9nhg Xllnt t. Shlng xl!ng
5. Shlng Xllng 3, Shlng x ltng
4. Shlng xl!ng 9. shlng xItng
5, Shang Xlang lo. Shrng XIlng

!Ig-rs.!sg, $!!s v.. Il!!s vE. .:!.rs

R.irol l.x P.llirl D.ni.l Elrglllr e4!!4
t . sh!ng xl !n9 s!ng 5. Shln9 Xltng sln9
2 . shan9 xltng Sln0 ?. sh!.g Xllnq Slng
Slrlng Xl!.9 S!nt 8. Shlng ' xltng slng
Xll.g slng 9. Shans Xllng sang
Shl.g xllng stng lO. Sh!.9 xl !ng shg

L Shhg 2, xllng Slng a. S! t. sho 6. xtn

L Xllo Sdng lO. xll ll. Su5 12. ShSn
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DISPLAYll: FFICATIVES

!Ivs.{ vs. !-!l

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t. shT 2. ChT l. zht 5. Xf 6. QI r. Jl

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tt. 5t 16. ItI t7. zht t 3 . z I t9. Jt 20. DI

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to. 12. rh
TAPE5 WOFKBOOK(coNso ANTSANDVOWELS
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6. Ll! 3. l,lb lO. Nlr:

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 TAPE 6 WORKBOOK
(TONEStN COMBTNATTON)

DISPIAYt lHE NEUTFAITONE

2. F5l
5. Fal

IHE HA|.FIHINO TONE

T6lb6l !!LJ ris !!.u,l.s !!gdl ns

DISPIAYIII THEFAISEDTIIIRDTONE

t { 6n h l I alth!l

t9
EIS::E2J
rtlb6l ?, 8 6r J l n g 4. BEh
I 5l
l.
6 . 3 5 rh 6 r 7, A6rJlng 3. T 5 rb 6 l

9. B ah
l ar t2. 8 6 lh l I

(1)
otlPr Y tv: Two.To ESEOUENCES

2 t

xl !ngglng
vinnan t5lbEr
3 B El J t n g 86thl I

12. BolJlng

t3. Y.n,.n

2. Xllngglng l.

9. 661hil
tq. vtnnln 15.
t 3 . F eI 1 6 1 9 . 86l JTng

o f a t o r m o r P r o vI n c e .

20
 DI3PLAVV: lWGTOlilEs€OUEXCEI{Zl

2 o
I zhtt( B6yl
2 J l 6 s hl [6nEzt
a Jl! l6ng Li6h!i
Zhal !n9

?. zhttu
9. Z h . Jl . n O
lr. loy I

20. QlngC.o

2. Z h l Jt l n g t. Jl!l6ig a. sutyqln
6. Iaixlln ?. Flt t. 8. ZarhOc
zhtt! lo. Y!1.6h fl. P[ar 12.
15. tlchln! 16. Jl a . h l
Qrngdao 1 3 . R lb l n 19. tllhon 20.

tThl3 l. ih. n.h. ol . fori.r p.ovtnc.,

zl
 TONECARD

(9
=t
=

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U)
.J =

u- G?

22
 SU ANY

TOTEA

t v . r v 3 y l l . b t . l n s + . n d . . r tc h l i . 5 € h . 3 o r . o f t o u r d l s -
, l l n c i l v . ( + o i . . r r o r p . t t € r n 3 o t p l + c h . T h aq l y . : . . D t t o n to

tI thl3 .!1. l6 +hat..vrl.bl.

.6 lh..on3on..t!.nd voral..nd o.rfori. th...D
slgn.llng ih. n..nlng or +h..yllill..
ro... lir lnb...n+ ion. rlr.n li
l. !ns+.....d. Th€i6n. l..j!!r !3 i{ch ! p!r+ ot. syll.bt.

dltl.r6nc. In ion. b.t*o.r lf,o !yr l!bl€3 c.n !lgn.l . dltl.r.n..

In oih.r ro.d!,
tunctlon--

ln n..nln9, Jusl .r.

t
dltl.r.n.. In.on3on.nt..r vor.l..lo.!.
It rlll !. dlttl.uli.l llral to.ppr.cl!+. lully ih.t t
ro.. l. .o6.thrnsth.+ bolon!. to. .vllrbl...th.r th...on.-
rhlng fh.+ 6...1y h.Dp.n6 to ll.

I
Thls t. b.c!!!. fh. onty u6.
6t DIl.h D.tt6.ns In Ehgll.h l. lo. Inton.rlonor .ntlr. ..n-
r.nc.E, .tl.c+lnq ohly fh. i..nIna3 6t rhot..an+.nc€.. tcr
6 x ! r y 1 . , t h . r l r l n s t I t c h . + t h . . n d o t , ' S D l n l c hl . d . l l e l o u 3 ? "
h.6 nolhlng to do rlth ih. m€.nlngoi th. ro.rl ,d.llclouan blt
t.ll. uB th.+ +h. rhol...lll.nc.6holtd !a rntaturetai.r r^r!
you ..yrn9 th.t 6trn.ch l5 d.llclou.?n li n.y b. dltllc!li at
flFt* to r.n.rb.r th. ton6ol . syll.Dl... r.ll .. you r.i.nb..
th. .on.o..nls lnd vor.l!. Thl. ls b.c.u.. you h.vo to d.v.loD
th€ coflpl.l.ly n.r h.blt of n!.klnE +on.. In yoli m.nl6t
dlcf lon.ry.

!
I
I

t
I
!

I
25
a
a
 DISPIAYl: l}lE FOURTONCS

HIGH RISING

r,, "h.nt,'

LOW FALLING

"hor3."
!!,

24
 Th6 Four lon€s
0lsplay I dlagrahs+h€ pllch p6fi.r.s of th. fou. +o..s
€id grvos tholr descrlorle€ ian6s and tradltlon.l nuhb.rs. As
e x a n p l € s , f o u r s l n g t € - s y l l € b l e , o r d s , t t h c o m p l 6 + 6 l yd l l f . r € . t
ie!nrngs but dltt.16nt to +h. eer only l. +h€lr toi6s .r. pro-
iouic€d.T +he b6ql.nlhg of +h€ tl.s+ PIR t.p€.
-h.
lo16 dla9r.trs n.y bo r.ad !s mLslc!' not.rl6n3. Th.
v€.iIcal dlnoislol sr.nds ror tt-ch, ylrh t\e iop or -h6 dt.9r.n
slrght!y.bovo your norhal plt.h ran!€ li angtlsh.nd tho botton
sll!h+ly b€ro{. -h€ hortzolret ror du.!+ton.
T h 6 + h l c k i e s s o t t h e c u r v € s f . i d s t o . l o u a i € s s , T h € 3 6d r . g r . n s
shoerh. ton.s es +h6y..€ h..rd In tsot.+€d sytt.bt€s-

Th. Hlgh ton€ (o. Flrst +on€) i.s ! sl..dy hrgh pltch !nd
a v s r . € . l € n 9 i h . Y o u m . y t t n d t t s o m . e h . +u n c o n { o r + . b t . l o D . o -
nounc..r !,rst, h t g h p r t c h t s s . t d o Fu e . d t n
Lrgrrsh--yor. 6nty -€t.van' €ro.rt€nc€ com.stroh nuslc. \ottce
t h . t t h . . c c 6 n l n . r k v h l c h . o O 1 6 s 6 n t si h l s t o n € I n + h o r o n a n r z a -
rron c.ptu16s the t.v€t .ontour r€rh.r ti.n th6 htgh pltch.

aho Ri.lng toh6 (or 5.cond ton6) rls.s fron +h. nlddto ot
lho pltch ra.9o lo th€ +op. It too h.s.v...!. tcngtn. Un k.
th€ .lslng Inton.tloi us.d ln Engllsh fo. qu.stlons, th. ililig
+or€ g.+s loLd* !s l-.ls.t. Notlc. rh.t th. +oh. F6rk In +h.

IG Th. L6k tor€ (o. thl.d ton.t .t".*. ,or. o,"" to th. botioh
ol tho pltch rang€, and then.lses. Th6 lor6sl p.rt of thrs ion.
!s +h6 mo3tdl3tlnctlv., th. part to toco. on borh Nh.n you.r€
t r y l n g l o p r o n o u n c .t h € t o n o e n d r i e n y o u . r . t r y r n g f o r 6 c o g n l r .
Ir, Tho lor€51 part ta*€s fb€ gre.t.s1 .rforl !nd ls th. ho.t.
prooln€ntr desplt. fh. f.ct ih.t lt ls actu.rlv ^ot autt6 .s
loqd rs rh6 resl of th€ ton€. Thls p.ft IE 6x.gg€rat.d, bo+h
In l.n9th and ln pllch, ,h.i rh6 syttabt. t3 3t16!36dtor
siph.sls. P.rtlcularly rlth male sp6.k.rs, tt n.y hav6. h..sh,
3c.!trn9 q!.llty. Th6 Lo, ton. has gr..to. th.n .v€ra!. lonEth.
In Engllsh a slmlla. lnton.tlon ls son€tln6sus.d lo.,'U.tt?tt
*h€n you h.v6 b..h {al+ln9 }o h6.r 3oh6thlnq. No+t.o li.t th€
ton6 m.rk c.ptur6s th6 dlpplng pltch p.116rh. .
-lh.
Falllng t.i6 (.r Fou.th ton6) s+..t3 !t ih€ +op ot th€
pltch r.ngo.nd drops sharply +o th€ bottofr, dtnlntshtng ln
l o u d n € 5 sa . l t d r o F 3 . l t h . s E h o r t € r ' l h a n . v o . ! g € t € n q + h . l n
Engllsh th6 fallln9 lnt.natlo^ ur6d tor €rct.i.tton., .s In
but th6 F.t tlng lon€ star+s htgh6r .nd .nds
loror Th.n .ll but our nosi €ophaflc oxctlna+tois. Nottc. ti.t
rhB +oh€n.rt falls fron l6tr to rlght.

25
 lo3€3 lts llF.r'nt +o^' rh'i lr
" g * o a k' r d f u r ' rs' do 'nr' +r rhrr nFs' v '
A ivll!blo
^" ""itiliiii l,iiiii", i""ra"" r . r
i " i i i i f l ' . + I s n o +3 o ; . t h r n s . r I t s o r ' bsr u rar + hor
o u n d sr nvsr r ' ! r ' s '
; " : + i ; i ; ; ; " ; ; J i r i - u v' ' " ' t ' * " o r th' qvrr'br' rn 'uch
i i i i r i i r i i i i - i i i i i " + . " i ' r l ' " hpars'tco€sd+rr+nser u r r t o h € ' t h ' r r t 3
:;;;;-;; -i ti'+ th' 3vrt'br€ + h €\ 6 u r r r r - o n ' '
iii!-ril i"!" n.!rr.n,;d, o'R T!o' 6 )
iiiil ir!iriii +J;i il i;iii "p "* l'" oosraniieor

OISFLAYII T'IE NEUTRAIIONE

",,":' ;31:",:1.::"i^:':':ili:"":.:':.1:'l:".1"':li";':ii r'n'nr i'

I i r J i " i i i r . t . * ' , € . c h r o r r o e ' db Y' s r u n n ' r r c r 'lInd'c'+'d
iFl*r*i"i:::i."tl,i;:ll::"::'.r':'r:1.1'n'kr3
",.""i:-?: li: ::l':1";:"'?"lil' l|;"1'l;:b o v
:l^:l'-l:::'il":::'"
o n d+' h 6 r r d d r €o r r h '
: ;;i; +;;-j.;p b!ckro,.r srrsr'rrv
iii:l.i'uri'.rl'l: :i:;.:l l::.*"*i::''il: :i:'i;'i.li."ii"
bv r\6 ron' or !
;i;.h';r';i; i " u t . o r o n u " v ' r 5 o b € ' t r 6 c "-do n €
";i"" rorro's, rovrnsti' Nou'r'r I1 +hodr16ctron
:;'j;".i;
ii"ll:;l:i:";l,ll'"1:l'!t't?"-iii;,l?ii"ii''i'i'ii3l'!.3
'''.
;6fi;F;1-TGntrffir I zo+lor napDe.s'o v o { €l s l n E . 9 l l s h .
v.-.i. - r r " r ' . r . p . r l € c r l v d l s r l n s u sahr '.b.l s
6.vhon
l:li:9
i i l i " i r " ! ' ; . " . u t " ,""r " " u . 1 I r 9 s : i d .
;;:;; i;: ';.;.s c ' n r r n d r h € o o s , ' . . a r r n o u e lr,i - h s t ' o s s '
 Th€ro..€ . f€r sytt.btBs, nosi of ih.i gr.nFatl..l .l.n.nts,
r h l c h . 1 6 a l v a y s u n s + r e s s € dl i n o r n . l s p 6 . c h ! n d , t h . r . f o r . , . r .
ll ll'o Neurrar eyll.Dl63 a16 6rcop+lons to
f h € r u l € + h a t 6 v o . y s y t t . h 6 has a baslc full 1.h6, . ron6 th.t
n6!t.attz.d bul * t . € a o D 6 . ru n d € r s r . 6 . 3 . T o m . k o . c o i -
rl+r E.9llsf, rr ls hard ro r6y k'rat +h€ "Foulr.l vorolr'
l n t h e r o r d ' r g l v . n ( h a . b 6 € n . € d q c 6 dl r o m , s l n . . 1 h € . n d l n g
-s ls n6v€r stress6d.

T h o L o , + o n €t r o n o u n c o dl i I s o l ! t l . n h . s . d l p p r n g - r l s l n g
prtch p.lrori. Thls rs ih€ shrp€ll .lr.y5 hrs b€lo.o. p.us€,
30t th. Lo, +on6los6s l+s .lslng 1.1| b6to.€ . N€ut.rl ton.,
a n d D l s p l a vl l l s h o r st h . t t h € L o * t o n € . l s o l o s . 3 l r s * . l l
befo.6.iy non-Lort.ns, Thls dlsDl.y lurlho.3hors +h.t soh.-
t h l n g 6 v € n n o r e u n o x p o c t o dh . p p . n s t o . Lor ton. b.lor...o+hor
L o r r o n s . l t c h D n ! € st o a R l s l n 9 t o i e , o . . t l..st +o sonsthrng
so closo to . Rlslng toi6 thrt .v€n n.tlv6 sperk.13c3nn.i +6ll
th€ dllt.ronc6. A Lo{ +o.o rhlci h.s l.s+ lts rl.lng +.ll b6tor.
! dlff6r.it 10n6 Is stlll 16.09nlz.bl€, or ls €va. nor. r6.0g-
nrz.bl., .5 . Lo{ +ono. Aut. Lov ton. rhlch h!s chrig.d to.
Rrsrns tor6 b.to.o eioih.r Lo, toi. ls io lon9.r r.cognlz.bl€.
Hh.r yol rl ll l.€.r for'rlrn lln6r lr {6 hao. Th. oaty r.v vou
c.n t€ll th.r th. tr.s! 16rd ls f.6 r,t-;FT3 Dy ho.r'hg lr rh.h
1 Is mi follor€d by o Lo* +on€. A.6tF;r qul.t of +ha Lor ton€
s t h . t l i s o h € t l h 6 sc h . n g . s t o . R l s l n s t o n . b 6 f o r € . n . u t r . l -
2 6 d L o * + o n 6 . V h € t h . r r h l s h . p p . n s o r n o r d . p € n d 3o n c o n s l d . r . -
t l o n s o f g r . n n . r a n d r o r d f o r n . i l o n . l r . l r ! y s h . p p 6 n s ,l o r
6 x 6 n p l 6 ,{ h . n t h e s y l l a b l 6 s D r . s € p a r a t . r o r d 5 , ! s * l t h + h a e o r d s
o T n a . " t o ! s k . " . n d n I . ' v o u . ' l n + h € . x o r . s s l o n0 l n o h 1 . . . .
I t d 0 6 s n o t h a p p . nl n J l E J r . ( r . o n l r E J l a ) ,
(rho .r..ptlon!l b.h.vlof ol th€ Lo* +on. Is
t.k€n !p ln th€ srxfh t.p6 of thl3 6odul6, rlgnt !t+6r th. s..-
tlon on th. N.ut..l ton6.)

DISPIAY lll: THIBOTONEBEFOFEFUtt TOIES

Bal Jrns B 6| h i l

21
 lh.re.ro c . f t . l n o t h . . + o n 6 c h a n g . s+ h . l t . k € p l . c ' l n
l o n g . r E . q u . n c e so t 3 y l l ! b l e s . T h € n . l i € x . n p l . o t t h l s I 3
rh.r. Rlslnq +o ! HIqh !oi.
Hlah ton. or RIslna ron; ;nd l3 roiloY.d bv .nv tull toi.. For
In;t.nc., JI!i5dl,-'Crn!d.," I6 p . o n o ! n c . d J I r n l d a . U t l n g r o n'
h!v b..xpf.r5€d rIk€ r n r s :

lon. ch.ng.3 Nl ll b. .tudl.d onlY .ft.r vou h.v.

ol iro-Evl l.b l. 3.4!.ne.3.
Th.r. !r€.t30 c.3.5 vh... D..tlcul.r fo.d3.h.it. +holr
ton.s und.. th6 Intlu.nc. ol tollorlna ton€3. lh. nuhb.r I
l 6 v l r h . n l t l 3 D . o h o u n c € d . l o n .o r . 5 o n . o t ! . . r 1 . . of
dl.TT3. l+ ls vl b.tor. ! f!llrnq loh. or n.u+.!llz.d F.llI.g
+6;.. .nd vl b.Fd..iv olh.r +ona. th. nunb.re ?, qt, lnd 6,
, ; !i+. i l v 6q -t .m- o. ki oor -i Ti ie t o i e o r e t t r n s t o n . r o . i o 3 t ' p . ; F . . . .
-r iM rh.
It b! b.ror.. F . l l r n E i o n o o . n € u t r . l l z € d
F.illis ton.. Ir-rhlt-@uF.. y o u r l l l r l n d !!culr.. r . Y + 1 r.3
b€for. you tl.d q L , b!+ k..p I n n r r d + h . i !g I 3 t h . r o r . D . 3 r c
to.i. "No,r ror.r.hpr., I3 !9.

L9!!-l4!!ei!r-sl-L!s!!d!r4r.s
ln !ddltlon +o th. dr.nltlc 1o.. chri9.s dlrcurs.d pr.vr_
.u3!v, rh.r. !.. c.r+.ln nl.or.uron.+lc ch.ng.Erblch.lt.ct
!tl iull loi.. ln ro.de of lro oF nof.6vll.bl.3. Tho3. Involv.
.ll t n r € . t . o t o r . 3 h o r n I n l h . t o n . d r . s r a n - - l o ! d n € . ., tl fch,

1.t,.31!rt r l t h D s l h l l a r p h € n o n € n o lnn E n g l l s h , I n . .
Engllsh rord oa tro or nor. 3yll.bl.s, th. syll.bl.s v..y In
hor lorc.fol rhav ar. !nd hor iu.h .npha3l3 th.y r.c€le€. U.
n o r n . l l v t h l n k o l 1 i 6 5 6 l . v € l s o t r ' s + r . 5 s ul n f B r m s o l t h 6 l o ! d -
n€ssot th. syllabl€, bul olbor t.ctors, lncludlng 3yll!bl.
lEnglh.nd prtch, lnpori!nf. The on. thlng you
n € € dt o k i o r . b o u f t h B s t r . r s g . t f o r n o f a n E n ! l l s h r o r d l s
*hlch syll!bls h.s +h€ narn st.6ss. Thls syll.Dl. rlll h.v€ the
s . n 6 * 6 r g h t . s . s l n ! l e - 5 y l l ! b l 6 r o r d p r o n o ! n c . d. l o n . . Th€
st16ss l.vols 6l th€ oth.r syll.bl6s, dorn to the l6v6l ,E cail
i ' u n s + . . . s o d , r rt ! l l f h € n t r l l l i t o p l . c e . l n . s l . u i o h a i l c a l l y .

2B
E x € o p l o ss u c h a 3 " F H o - t o - g r . p h , r r' p h o - T o G - r . - p h y , r r . h dr r p h o -
i o - G R A P H - l c t"€ l l v o u a t t v o i r i 6 . d + o k i o , a b o u t t h . 3 + r € s s
D.tt€rns ot th.s6 rords.
T h o b s s l w a y i o ao D r o . c h t h e s r r € s s D € + + . . n . o f c h l n € s .
rords Is ih€ o+h6r eay ; r o u n d . T h o t l r s l + h l n g t o i l n d o u + l s
r h € + h . r e i y o f t h e s y r 6 b r e s . r € u n s t r o s s o d .+ h . t l s , r h . l h 6 .
.iy.ro In +h. N€u+r. ton€. (Bv ter th6 nost llkalv c.ndld!+.
l s l h e l e s t s yl l . b t s , lheh lh6 etr.s3 l.vols.f th. romlnlng,
rl l-ton6 syl labl€s r ll r.ll Int. ol.c. !ccordlns +o th. tol-

L Th. fl.st tull-+on. sylt.bl. rlll h.vo nortul

r.s3, tho s.n€ a5 *h6n lt ls pronounced.
2. Th6 last full-toi€ syll.ble (ll th6r6 l3 horo lh.n
..) rl | | havohe.vlor-th..-n.rh.l 3+r€ss. lts lo!dn.ss, titch
..96, .nd l6ngth ,l t I b€ .x!99.r!16d.
L A.y ilddlo syl l.bl.s ,l | | h!v. t lghtor-+h.n-norn.l
T h 6 l r l o o d n € s s ,p l t . h r a h g 6 , . n d l s n g r h r r l l b . r d ! c 6 d .
!.t's t!k6, .s.n.x.npl€r th. chln€s6phon.tlc oq!lv.l.nr
of " r r . l v , " Yld!rl, All th16.syrl!br.s h.v. lull F!lllng fon.5,
bur n.rlc€ l;-T6;dlaqr.h b6lov thEt lh€ +hr6. plt.l'P.rl.Fhs
.r€ sllghtly dlll6.€it: +h. tlrst on6 ls nori.l; tho nlddl€
on6 ls r.duc.dr !nd th. l.3t on. ls .x.qg.r.16d.

-n

T h . 1 . * € r c . p t r o h st o t h . s 6 r u l . 3 l o . r . l . t l v . l . v . l s o l
3 + . € s s . 1 6 d u o r o n s . n l n q , 0 n . s u c h6 x c € t t l o n l s t h . t t h . t l r s t
ot teo tull-ton. syll.bl.5 n.y b. grv.n th. h..vl6r-th.n-norn.l
sr..ss It th6 rl-sr syll.bl€ ls ro.. slE.ltlc.i+, Fo. .r.npl.,
{G€r'.hyr rs prorounc.dbv hosr 3Do.k.rs .€ qlrgl.
Th6eyll.ol€ D6- Idontlrlss rio couit.y tlt l5 d.rtvod phonall-
cally r.om o€;Tschl..d), rhtl. -gu6, 'aouitry,!' l5 u5.d ri ln.
r...s ol n.Fy cornt.los. IhuE th. tlrsl RIslng-ion. syll.blc
ls strong€r, ln vl6la+lon ol +h.9.n.r.1 rut63 lo. slros5

29
 D6-

Th. !ubo.dln.to st..u3 0l -qu6 li lho n.n.3 0t cou.+r1.3 l3 ho.'

cl.!rly 3..n hv th€ f.ct tiiT-ton.3p..t.rs t...t I+.i.osl .3
. r u f l i r , t r o n o u n c l n gI + t i t h o N . u t F . l + o n . , . o t h . + I ' G . F n .ny"
b.con.s glss.
A5 vlth Engll5h l€v.1. ol 3t16ss, tho6o dlltor.n.6. .r.
l.l.l! 6ubtl6. Yoqn.y.ot b..bl. +. h6!r th€h loo cl3..ly'
.nd va! c.n n.k. yoursell lnd..s+ood {sll .nough .v.n ,lthout
E.rtii! th.r qulr; rlghl, .trnougF you !r. llk.ly to s.und llk6
. conDul... You3h.ulo b..bl. to l€.r.3+r.sE p.l1€f.s ritiout
.v€n +hlnkl.s !bout r h . h l l y o u rlll t.y lo nlFIc chln.3. 5p..k€r5
.r clo3slv.s oo33lb 1 . .

Aft6r lo..^lnq nor. !bo!f conson.nts .nd vof€13 li lh6 ..xr

s.ctlon of thl3 rl ll b. ln+roduc6d
l o n . l l o n l n t h 6 l . . t 3 6 c + l o n ,r h e r s v o u f l l l t l n d + h . t t n . 1 6 . r .
t!r+i€r 6odlflc.tlon3 li th. pllch prito.ns ot th6 ton6s. lt
you.r..6!dl.g rhls surn!.y.. y.d b€glrrf€ cours.,.6r Inro.-
h.rlon lE plllng ut too t.sr. Don'r rry lo k66o.v..ythlng In
nlnd .1 on.5. As. flr6t !pp.oxln.+lon ot th. lones, ror.t.npl.'
try olvlng your 5yll.bl6s Id6ntlll.bl. ..d corr.ct lono.. rln€n
you h.v6 nast..6d th.t, ,orl oi on€ or t*o hor. polnt3. t16.i-
rblle, your €!r {lll h.v€ b6gui to l6ck l^ on rh.t Chln..r sou.cs
llk.. .nd voa rlll b€sln +o.6r.h lh6 pol.+ ot .uton!tlc conrrol.

CONSONANTSAND VOWELS

!ch of th.3trucrur.l slhpllclty of +h6chli.so l.ngu!9.

l s m a d .o v l d € n t b y f r . d l + l 6 i . l . n . l y s l s o f s y l l . b l . s t r u c t u r € .
stDrt vllh fh. syll.bl6s {hl.h .ro dltter.ni ro +he€.r. Th6ro
€r. only !bouf l,rOO suchdlstlng!lshabl€ syllabl.s, no+ n6a.ly
! s n . n y . s I n E n ! l l s h . ( l , l . n ys y l l . b l o s r h i c h s o ! n d r l l k o c ! r r y
nor€ th.n on. n.rnlnq !nd.16 rrltien wlth dltf..€nt cha.acterE
f o . € . c h h 6 6 n l n s , n u c h a s t h € s a m €E n q l l s h s p o k o ns y l l a b l 6
c . . r l e s t h € t h 1 6 6 n o . n i n s r r s p r 6 s . n t € db y + h . s p . l l l h q s r r r * o , r r

30
 P&R MODULE
c c
a
5
t
t
t
t
x
)
c g C
IE n a u
t t t
I

c a i, o
t
t 5
t ,.
I

5 3 e 3
x >,
g
ta aa E' sg
c

t<
I
:t !3 i8
e
* b3
E e
u
Ei et * !3
a .€ g
n
EE
t-
g
x

€ , €
tr

most s
€ € x
e
&
h

as : 7 a
x
I
tt
Inytt * {t a, o c,
h

o o e, .g o
.o r tt >r
ffi
4
th o o
!t
g .B
g x
6
b

) @

€ €
h 1
(t

l2 € € c, x
It &
@
E

llke
s
dl
t
' h o uf
O
-J EI
EI lt E!
el
sg
e € , €
tr g
{
) € ak er s &) ,
6

E
g

E
a
N
I

I
3
c
'E
t
.T
€ g t ci C
*
el Ei e
, g E
z , €
C:
s o
=
d , t
=t
2 t t 5
.5
7
N I
3
a .t
N (J€ 8

-
n ex t [L g E g EI
€
e 83
a
c
E
E
a! e g
I
e
5
t! a9 a
=
a!
a ,
E fr 3
€ 5 e g
ln- J
t
"o g
u ll
5
t
5
a t
*
s
N I q

) are {,
t ts
z_
5
3 e t
l.
t
N
I
ht ti
t
a
g o
3

lfor* s g € 6 6 * {, g
3 t z
a
3 *3 ti
6
t
ln t 3 E' J N

o
a

o
t a m pl e , a0 : t , a
N : a
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6
a
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fhen ; N
a
I

€:'
g
4 I 5
a
t 3 a
69
5
g
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rn- J a! T E N (J a

& , 3 t ,
iounds g :3
5
tt J
2
a N
t
N 3
&
2
t

rtro | . a g g
s !r3
c
BI q! BE
gi
ba .G
E
s
e
g ba & N 8 N

:l 3t :{ :t
g
:a =
tr E !a
C:
ta
g
:a FA
c
ia
g g
a3
g
o
a3
g
t8 ba
G EO
q) o o
-a €
qt
E Q, o s x
e c Q)
bt
g
E N
s , o o

.J !6 g
:l
g
g
:t :l
c
:t
c
!8 E'
cl
a a
EE at
€
c
!a E'
t
i,
g
€
EC
t
u!
g
u 5 N N .U

E c
e o,
u
o €, C!
o
N
s o
N
o
4
g
c, g .E
38

tr E v
c G
€
g

E
g
s
c
!g
3. €
ag |E t
!E e
IE
ei
N
.E
)ge I
t 2 e t
5
I
'€. s 4 N 2 e
sl 2
lff
g
t €r e \ il G n s s t s a o
€
E! .L E i, .e
N e{
r rl y {, q
o
s .s
t, ID q|
s
t, n,
a, g
'al

N 2
r rr y a
a
' er s s
n
4
!E
F (u
q'
d
E'
N
tt s
), t
gi T
!, i, t
s o
e
o

! a a
s z G !t
J
s
#
s .c
E c 3 I s 2 s c, I

a
5t
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e
2
t
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I

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 6l

! i
E;r; i
e-i-Ei ;
€;:is i
z
E€iiiE
I E . t ii::E!:
.5Ei;l
F ' r: 5i: E- g E: iI:
: t
:€3:E
!
i 3 iiiiii=;
- t
;rf!:iii
Ei;Ei
1?+
+E!3t;Ei'
a 5r
:iF;i5iE
 Th.n,.trl9 oll ihe four foie5. lhls l.av.s voq rlth !bout
4 o o d l l l . . o n i s t r l . g s o l . o n s o n . n +! n d v o t 6 l s o u n d s . ( s . .

.xrr strlp ott !ny In r l . l c o n s o n . n + so. r l n l + r . l s , o f I

3 o l . y V ! n d A D p . n d l xl r t h . l . t t 6 r i
rilch 1h6.. .r. 2t. lS.o D .t
trovrdlng .i .lph.b6tlc!l I .+ oi th. lnl+l.ls ) l{h.} ls lort
!r. th. aln.ls. 1h6...r. .s5 th.h 40 dlflo..n+ fln.lr-_! !
r.n.g€.bra nuhhor.

1.5t. cl.s.lfv *fo rl..ls bv +h.r. n.dl.l3, th.'I3, I^

Plnvrn.on.nl2.tlo;, bv vt6rh6. th€ ilntl s'.rts {lth u (or 1)'
; T I f , - T l o r X ) , r l r h g i o . ! g ) , o . { l r h n o n € o f r h .' . l .kb o v . . r , r h l s
s r v . ! - y o u r o - u rc l . s 3 ; 3 * h l a F . r . u t € f ! l r h . r v o J .boJl hof
th. tl..l< conbrh. ir+h tho liltl.ls. You rlso cross_clas3lfv
in. tln.ls by vh.t tollor3 +h. n.dr.ls. (5.6 0rspl.v Vl .nd
A p p € n d l xl l , t h . l ! t t € r p . o v l d l n g ! n ! l p h . b € t l c . l l l . t o f t h .

L.ttE t.k€ ! clos6r look.1 th. s+ruct!r. of th6 lln.l.

E v . . y f l n ! 1 , a n d h 6 n c o6 v . r y s y l l ! b 1 6 , h . 3 ! t l € a s t a v o v € r .
Her. !.. tlv. vor.ls vhlchc.n sl.nd.lon€.s fln!ls,.llh.r
rlth o. rllhout lnltl!ls:
E N G L I S IE
] Q UI V A L E N T S
ml

io Enqll5h.qulvdl..r

rtn thls 3onm..yu , nderllnlis..ll5.ft€ntlon to lott.rs {1he

leltsr u) ..d 3l.nt lln€s call !ttonfloi +. eoundt (+h€ sound

r*ft.nd.rd PTivl. romahlza-lol ll Is hrrlrel

t. evorvrri;*-Tse (.rt€r l, q; r, .10 y
;lnp ry q.
 ArI or -ho Ela,l5i €oulval.nts In rh6 6xarp os .r., ot
co,rs., arDro,r.!ra ar o6;r .no H ll b. rJril^€r ott lt your Pro-
n ! n c i a l l 6 i d o o s n o t h a D o 6 nt o b e t h e h o s t s t . n d s r d l n 6 . l c . . p . o -
nunclatlon. Th€ vorot /u/. ior.xriol., ls rather drff6r.n+ troh
I ' s € q J l v ! l . r t I h ' 3 L d a D € s + . r ' . v e lf o r p . o p l . t F o 5 ' ! . r l r . ^ ! n 6
starr "6oorv. 3 - . r l s I B J d- h
l po€ s ti
rh€ "oy h€ srsrts , l e ti," +"" cohparlsonl3 *ay ort.-
Chli€s. vor€r ls pro;;tnc.d vlth th€ Tohgu6 tarth6r b.ck In th6
houlh and vl.th tho tiDr ioro round6d.

T h . r o l s n o E i g t t s h € q ur v 6 l € n t f o r / U / , r h l c h l s p r o i o u i c . d
rr'rh th€ +oigue In posltlon to. /t/ a^d tl,a llps ln posltlon tor
/ u / , s l h u l t . n . o u s l y . l T l s not th6 s.h6 as +he trr5t vov.l ln
" g t a h , ' r h r c h I s p r o n o u n c € d* l + h t h 6 | l p s l n p o s l t l o . f o . / u / ,
but wlth +h€ tonq!€ gtldlng froh the Dosltlan 1.. /l/ +o t6.

r r o v o e € r s/ r / , / ! / , . 1 d l t J / . . 6 r . l r i 6 . L L , : g , . r d ! q
* h € nl \ . y d o r o l t o l l o r . n I n r t l s l . In nost c.s.s, yourllr no?
b e . b l e t o h € a f s e p . 1 6 + €s o u n d sc o r r . s p . n d l n g r o ! a n d { , . s y o u
c3i hs6r li lh6 Ensllsh ,ords ry€n .nd !{oo.n Th. threo vo*6rs
a r e d l s c u s s € d. g ! l n i n t h . s u n n a r y 5 € c t l o n s o n u r l n . l s , I t r i . l s ,

T h 6 r o . r e l r o n o r s v o r € l s o o n d s* h l c h c . n s t . n d . l o h . ! .
tlnals, on6 ot th€h only.ttor Inrtr.ls, confuslngly, both
sounds.16.opresoit.d by +h€ l.tt€. I (.lro.dy s..n.3.r.ndlng
lor th€ vor.l /l/ ln "Tahltl"). lh. T.tt.r p..c.dlng +h. !
d.tsrnln.s *hl.h voeol soundls +o b€ us.d,

Alro. a conso..nt pronounc.d rlth th6 tong!. ln th. /e/

p o s l l l o . ( s 6 € p 6 9 € 4 2 ) , I s - D n d st o . . vor.l P.oiouic.d rlrh
+ 1 6 l . n 9 u e . s c r o 5 . r s p o - s s l b l .t o t h € / s / p o s r t l . n . r i . h y
A n s r l c . . s h a v . a s l h l l a r e o t . l l n i J u . + ! h o n . n + r ' to t t . n l n d l -
c.rod by tho st.lllrg'jrs+.tr tor.x!npl6.
a p p r o x l n . + e l yr 3 l n 4 J l s + r
p r o n o u r c € dr l t h . h € + o n 9 u . I n t h 6 / r /
toiltlonr t h a t l s , , l t h th. tongu. st.ongly curl.d b€c! (3..
p a g . a 2 ) , ! s _ . r d s t o r ! v o i 6 l r f l c h l 3 s l r p l v ! p r o l o n g € d/ r /

.ppro:l n6t6| y
l { h € i t h o . € l s n o r n l t l . l c o n s o n E n ts o u n d b 6 f o r . t h l 5 v o * . 1 ,
ths l.tf.r.l3 rrltt.n: rl. Th€ r t€lls vou hor to Drohouhc€
tho r, r+ d;6s not s+.id r;?. s.D.-Et6 sound. Tho *hol.
syll;bl6 l s o n . p r o l o n g € d/ . / 6 ound.

Ev6ryrhe.. €1s6, I st.hds for th. nE+.nd.rdr/l/,.s l.

 A f l . . l n . y . l s o c o n s l 3 +o i a v o v o l f o l l o r . d b Y ! c . n s o i . ^ r ,
€rthor /n/r o. /ng/ tor /r/, hlt +hl3 h.5 . rath6. drft.r6ht
s r . l a 3 ) . H . 1 6 , . 6 6 x B 6 pl € s o l ! | I t h . v.Ys th€ vor€13 P.6s.nlod
thus f.r..n c o n b l n 6r t r h / n / . n d
tr0nt. r lor

Lu or
l$9 !!g't
'!n i'n!!9"
nirs
Jg!. /u/ +
T h . . n ! l v s l 5 o t / U i / . 3 s r m p l v/ t ! / p l ! s / n / * l l l n o t t l { t v s
h o l d u D . E 3 o ; e l a l l vf h . n t h . r . l 5 i 6 r n l f l a r , l o u n a v h € ! . .
16.r v;'.1 /;/.^6.i l n b € f o 1 6r h . / n / . s o t h . r / 0 n / . l n o s r

T h o r sl s r l s o . l l n . l r r l t t . ^ lch tho o stlnd. for

. vof.l v6ry doch ! rk€ /u/. ac+u. cro5.f:Fo th. voH.l
s o u n d l n ' g g g d r it h . h i o + h € v o * 6 1
l9!r.

{hl.h fh. vossl /./ ls follov€d bY .

tlh a strong c!rl lig b.ck ot +h.

O t h . . s y l l D b l o 3r h r c h . n d r n / . / h . v o b . . n f o r n 6 d b y . d d r n g
+n. suffl! !, aor.xanpl.:
nir (ueh..6") !3 In "Nr.li.uso

. T h 6 . o n s o n . n t / n / a f + h . o n d o f . s y l l t b l e n d y s o u n d! l l t t l €
l r k . / n o / r h e . + \ 6 r o r l 5 v l l . b l . s t ! . t s i l + h a nn /YF./n t. n. " a l o k o i
sound,;s rr good," a.o Y6n'ltl, Acrlalrv
h.,6v.r. thrssw-T;rt or /n/, p-o.oulcod *_:I; tl'€ 'orsuo nor
+ 6 u c h l n ot h . . o o t o f l h 6 n o u t h , l 3 - F q u l t . d l s + l n g u i s h a b l ef r o m
/ ^ a / . o i . r o - n . . d r l ' l - r h 6 o-trc- f. r o { € -o.su6 loLcl'lls. No'rco
tn--ie ro.ar'zartor I{rl!! a. apos'-oo!6 shors k\lch
s y l l a b l 6 t h . h b € l o n g sr o .
rn n.ny e.s6s, addtnE.n /r/ sutttr has . constd€r.bt..ttect oh
rh€ fln.l, kiocklig .!t a^ /^/ or /ngl ..d ch.nglng +h. vor.l,
ior ex.hpl6. (Yourlll d.!t rlth th.ro ln3i.nc.3 on. c!s.-bv-
cas€ basls ln tho.oqrso.) Th€ /r/ suftlx l3 6ost pop!lar li
t h 6 P € k l n ! d l . l € c l b u + r s o i 6 t o € + u 1 6o f + h . t d l . l 6 c t t h r t h € s
n o r b o . n f l d e l y a c c 6 D t € da s . n a + l o i 3 l n o r n .

i r r n o r r o y a l . o c o n s r s +o t . d l p h t h o n g , r h . r l ! , . v o r 6 l
tollo*€d b, . r..k6. SIti,o to th6 posltlon ot /1/ or /u/.
l s l h l l . . d l p h + h o i g €s x t s + t h E n g t l s h . ) T h € 1 6 . r . f o u r 3 ! c h

hil
h!e
lal (rttlr€dr')
dgr
Th6s. dlOhthonss.r€ b.5t l€..n6d .e u.lr3. lf ro look.t ih.
lndlrldu!l l€tt€fs. ho*.!6.. v. noltce th!t th6 t.tt.r o h.s !
d t f t € r . n t s o u n dv a l u € l n o u t h . n l a r o . n d o h o . .hd th.T th€
l6rt€r o h.s . drrrer€n. ;;Lnd varue-Tn 4 rfi?i In ., *. .nd !I9.

A fln.l 6.y 6lso conslsr ol rny ot th..bov6 typ.6 (vo".l

. l o n € , v 6 r e l p l u s c o n s o n a n t ,o . d l p h t h o n q ) p r . . . d 6 d b y . h . d l . l ,
th.t Is, by. f€ak v6.sloi or ono or th. !o*6ls /!/, /l/,.nd
/!/. Ih€ n.dl.ls /!/.^d /l/... l l k . t h 6 E h g l l 3 h5 a n l v o r 6 l s
rrllt€n r.nd y In r'ret,iandt,v.tt,.nd rrltioi o !id I ln
trJ.guar'-aidntntoi.n Ftn.)e;t..+lhg rlth th.;. tnr'o 6.dl.l!
.r. dlrcus56d ln 1n. i€xt th-6. suhn!ry s6ctlois.

Y o uh . v o h . . . d . n d s . . n t h o f u l l v o r . l / u / t o l l o r l . g . n
l.rtr!l li th. vord bi, nno.n rlionlh6 vor.t do.! no+r6ttor
. i l n r t l . r , I t r s , . T T + . nr u .
,! (" t I v . ' )
A s s u g S . s t 6 db y t h . E h g l l s h . q u l v . l . n f s , yo! i.y
. /r/ sound b€to.o +h. /!/.
A / r / s o u n dh 6 y . l s o o c c l r b . f o r . oth€r vo*ors .r th6
boglniln9 of . tl.Dl. lh. sou.d l3 rr tt.n u eh.n lt lol lors
! n l h l t l . l ! n d -r r cr*h6.1n l t d o 6 s n o f . ( S nc. 1F. sound rs ! r..k
v.rslon of th6 /u/, fho sound rl I b . . . l l 6 d n € d r a l/ u / . )
I n t h 6 f o l l o v l n g 6 r . m p l o s6 t l l i . l s r h ch st!rt {l+h tho n.dt!l
/u/, son. h.vo Inltl.ls.nd th..orore s6 th6 ! spoll lh9, Son€
h.v. no Ihltl.ls.nd tho.€1or. us€ +h.
 hll (',sp..ch," .. In "qul lty"
{6 lrtn) .s l. rsl r"
l { o t l c . + h . t t h . l . l t € r o l n { o . h d u o I s u 5 € dl o r v n6.+dr n '' t h o r
".'.i ".""4, .."qhiv tr'i v;v;i In rtrt Eisrrsh ,ord Th'
. o € l l l . q u o l 5 ! b b . a v l . t . or o o . t l . r + h . l n l l r . l 3 * r r i i € n
i l t . " l ; i a i i i r ' . i " u t i i c o n _ r c i . i f s ,I n v o l v r n s+"hl .n kl l,pi s ) . T h .
; ; d T ! r _ ; o u n dT 6 E t r r r + h . r . , h o v . v 6 . , s o + l ' a l m a ' l3r
p r o n o u n c . dr s l r l t , e r € . p 6 l l . d M t .
'r
.3 In nqdtllY,

4-u. .3 li i!9!9,!'/ual 's In

"q4llly + /n9/
nMfl
4! e3 ln ttov{,u
. v.ry r.r. fln.l !9!9. )
Y o ur o ! l d . x o . c t r . n + o b . 3 ! o l l . d u . n . { t . r I n l + l ! 1 3 ,b u + I t l 3
allrovtcrro io un:-1th, nnlx up.a Y6; c.n 3rl | | h..r lh. vorol
/./, ho,.v.r, t'8. ;tfr!bro3 r.ttt.n llg.id !39 rhvi.. No c.
m..k ln hunh!r b€6! Fhrr16d r o t h o o . r y . . n trnrn9
voY.l l€ti.r.
H4-! (n.n. or..rv€r) as tn "lrclkrkl,n'!4I'
ylr (,t6ron!cht) .. li n!gl!!.n
A o ! l n . v o u r o v l d . r D . c l r . l ' o b . r" rcrot rr €
r .
n uql.r+ar Inl+l'15,
c i ; - Y o uc . n 3 r r r r h e . r
lii ii i.,ri.."t"tia t o - i T , -TF;
dul,
iii iipiir'.is t"ii, ho@"i;. syrr!or6skrrrr.n qs!.nd !e!
.hvE.. (Th€.6 ls soh. Ju3rlflcttlor lor rhI. 30€lrlng. r' rh6
Hl;h.nd Rlslng foi.., +hlE fln.l do.s so!^d qulro llL. +h€
Eiill5h groiou;'*6," !s th€ so.lllng gl-roulc augg€sr.) NorIc'
+h;+ +hrroh6 h.rk in dul h!3 b..n thliF6d ro rho l!st.v.ll6bl.
eoe.l l.+t.r.

You h.v. h...d.id s..n th. vor€l /r/ rollotrn!

lnllt!ls lD th. *ords n T ,'rYo!'tt np.oplsr'r .nd qlIg, "b.l sht.
trh6nth. vor.l ao6. h o f r o llov an +r!1, lt ls {rltt.h [.
as ri rdsrr o. n!9gs+r
.s ln nYln (Yrigrr)
Il!.
rll /y/ + /lns/ .s rn 'rs!gr'
 A s . s u g g . s _ € db y t h € E n ! t s h 6 ! u t v € t 6 r t s , y o u n r y o r . . y i o r h o . r

soJld boror6 rtr6 /t/ In vTn 6nf-vtno..1d th. voh.r t+s€tr t;

nor€ rko rh6 "sFor-' EliffsF v.ftfin's!",. ard',sLrs.'.
^ /y/ .orhd n.v atso occur b.ro.€ oth6r vorols rt th.
b.glnnlng of . ttn.t. T . h 6s o u n d l . , . +16n I rh.n l+ fol lors
an lnril.l .nd ! rhon t+ doos^or. (S hc€ t['. round ts . ,..k
v o h 6 l / 1 1 , r h € s o u n dr l I b. c.ll6d n.dl!l /l/,)
i n . r h o r . ) l o r l n g e x . i p t 6 so r r r n r t s r h ch start rllh th6 h€dl.l
rnltlals .nd +ha..ror. s 6 t h a , e p . ll r n g , s o n .
h.v6 no Inltl.ls.nd rh616lor. us6 +h.

$. 3s tn rY.nDh.,i {xgnoon
.Y!
s you r.v. s6€1,tn rh€ ft.ats rrltt€n o. 6n.
.--€. o st.nds tor a v6H€t r. r1. e r;';Fick6n.Ftirortco rhar
I +1..trnat Lrrrten €rT6r . 3r.id; tor . vor.l
1 +h. drp\.holS rrtrr6n .t. In .. I oF v tn th6
ln!l n6!n3 th.t g 5+€nds-Tor +h. vovor of ir6n.ot
n!!i (,'y..r"r
'n rhl3 trn!l rrir.on
I.n o. !!!, rh. tor'o.. h.s.n.xc.p+ror!l
. s s € n t r s r r yr h 6 v o r . t l n t h € E n q | l r hr o r d . ' h . n . 1

r.!-!r / e / + / . / . 3 t n ' t 4- . " + l n d- l t

a; ri,'Y6"k"."'
TE;
Ybnq 4t + tias r n o r o n l n ' t+ / n s /
rle .e |i "yg!|ll
x9!.
Y e r a 9 3 1 . ,y . u r o u l d e x p 6 c +t h . f t n . t y o ! + o b . r r l t l . n t o u s t t . r
I n r + r ! l s , b u r r r r s r b b r . v t . r o d? o , u , - T ' _ i ,' s r r . ' v o u a ; ; s r r t l
h.!r +h. dlphlhong /orl, hok6v€r. fn ;;iI v6u fhvm.. tn rh.
Hlsh.nd Rls'nq ronos rhrs ..t do;isouid_;;rr. k. th.
E n g l l s hD . o n o u n' y o u , ' . s s u g g . 3 r . db y . h € 3 r . | | t n o r u . oftc.
lh.t rho ton. n.rk IF tti h.s b.6n shtr-cd ra rh. i.tf.v!||.bt.

Th... r3. very 16r. frn.l Ig!, no+3hornIn Drspt!y lv.

hrslorlc!l 1 6 ! s o n t . r + h l s s p 6 ll r n 9 , + h G . . t s t n .
/./ "brIngi h.ci',. no.n.t.

t9
 0. ii Finals
T h € t u l l v o r € l / i i l t o i r o r T n ga n I n l t l . l o c c u . s l i r h €
s y l l . b l 6 i 0 , r r o m a nu. nol lolLot an Inriiar, r
I5 rrrtt€n !q.
d i o E n g l l s h € q uI v . l € n r
!!a
Y o u n . y o r n . y n o t h s a r s o n o t h l i ! I l k e : / y / s o u n db s t o r € t h €
/ u / r r h l c h l e p r o n o u n c . dr l t h t h . t o n s u 6 p o s l t l 6 i o l / l / 6 . d
t h 6 l l p p o s l t l o no l / u / .
A r€.k v.13lon of lhe !o*.1 /iil, chlch *lll b6 call6c
n € d l . l / ! / . n . v o c c u r b € t o r o o t h € r v . { 6 1 3 . 1 t h € b o g l n h r n 9o r
. tri.l. ih6 loundls,.l+16n u th€i rt rollo{s.o lnr+lar and
t"ls
vu xh€n ll oo€srot. on6 ot lh; rollo*rns 6ra.ples o' f
:Tl.h.r'.r x t l h t n . h € d l . l / u , h ! s . n r r l _ a l r t l ' 6 r o { o r 6t F €
U s o . r r l n o l s u s o o , T l ' €o r h e .
ih.;€r6.6-th€ tq sporirns ls us6d.
ila /U/ + /./ as tn 1'F'a"
Notlc€ that th€ l.tf6. € li thls fln!l stands
llk. th..n€ ln tho EnEilsh o do6s ln th6 tln.l
.o"ir"" ri.. I o a ^ d I ; r h o t r . E t s F 6 r r e d e r. ,r, rEs -rg sare
Zi t""t "?, tr

x!.aa /ir/ + /an/.. in th€ arllrsh

tho llnal w.ltlsn !!, soi.

I n 3 t € . d o f r h y m l n gt h l s f l n a l * l t h
so."*r' .r,v.i yu;1 ,r'f r'16 14 or !.1-J,rrs
ri'o 'o,€l saund-T-ih€ Engllsh ihqn ''

[. rNtTtats
E a . h g r o u p o t l n l t l a l c o n s o n a n + Isn r h € r o l l o r l i g s o n n a r v
s o c t l o n E ( A t h . o u g h F ) c o n t a T n so n e c o n s o n ! n Tt h l c h" u lne€ ds lpsltrl !ntc. -d"
llvoly "!spl..tod'i.ndoi6 vhlch Is dIstiic+l!€lv
T h € a s p l r a t o d c o n s o n a n t so x P l o d 6r l t h F 5 + . o n g p 0 t t o f
f ,r€r e, r, ! {o- s. as Ir
asp -a'ed o"\6 b69lrl r9 o'
a ,oia. as_"o' .en-ro ' lr voL o' vorr l-and +o
" p a . " T h o s ss a n e l e r +ers, Includlng
vour nouth rhil6 saylnq
+ h € c o n b l n . + l o nc h , e . e u s € d t o . o n a i l z d + h e d lstlncllvolv,
asilra+6d fl i 1e'€ colsolar | ,
 Ui!splrat6d coiso.aits 6rplod6 rltho!t. puff ol .lr. Th.
E n 9 l l s h J l g h i l y 6 s p l 1 6 + e dc o i s o n a n f s b d c o h . u i € s p l r a t . d ! f l € r
/ s / , 6 s y o u c . n 1 € l l l r y o u s a y ! p a ! . n d u s p a u! q . l n s + t h € b l c k
of yo!. h..d. Thls ls an.u+onrtlc.dJuslE6nt tor Engllsh
s p € a k e r s ,a i d l t e t t t + . k e p 1 6 c t l e 6 t o l 6 . r n t o p r o n o ! n c s E i s l t s h
a . D l r n 1 6 d c o n s o n : i + s . s u n a s o l r E t 6 dr h € n + h . r € l . . o /s/ to
-.l99er tn6
! d J L s t n . rt .
t n g l l s F h ! s a s € r ' € s o l " v o l c 6 o " c o r s o n a r + s" h r c \ a r o p . o -
nocic€d*lth vlbr€tlon of tho vo.al cords. Th€s€ lnclude con-
b , d , q ( a s l l b o - 1 .I ' C a r y r ' . . d ! c . . r v ' r t , t ( . s
Ir " J . r . y P ) , ! n d - 2 . - t F o s . s . n o t 6 € r s o r L s r h € c o n b r n . r T o i -2 h
a-. rsoo ro.ohDrTz6 drs lcttv.ly unrsptr.r6d

T h 6 c o n s o n ! n t sk h t c h ! r € i 6 r t h € r d l s t l i c t l v . l y .spl.at.d
n o r d I s t , n c l l v o t y u n . s Dt r . t . d rhl.h ctn b. pro-
lon96d,such .s /./, /l/, .^d

h.vo b.€r grorp€d tl +q.ns of rh. S€n...1

I n 1 € r h . o t i h 6 + o n g u 6 . n dI t p p o s l f t o n s u s € d I n ! r o d u . t n g t h € r .

lilll.ls liJ b, p,

Th€s6.ro pronouic.d l. fh€ posl+lois sugg.3t.! by th.

gin ! 5 I n n f r ll l "
as li
("dlvld.rt) as li
(',.ook.d rl..,t) .r ti nfr n
!.i
s !r€ nav6. fol lo*.d by th6
6t /!/. Addltton.t lf, /t/
.l /l/. (5.. Dlsplav lV.)

l. +h. posl+lon3 su99.3+.dby th.

!a
4i
1a

ll
 .r. n6v€. l.l l0,6d o. 6.61.t /n/. /N/
follor.d .lfh.r by

C. Inlrl.ls s, k, h (V.1.r)
Th.s..r€ prono!n..d ln lh6 poslrrons sug9.st.d by +h6

ga
$ but hore .ePlr!t.d
Ia
.r. n6vo. rol lo*€d

D.
Ih.s..r. o r o i o u n c . d . . I n d l c r t . d b y t h . E n g l l s h6 q u l v . l . . f s .
atis (surnlno) b u r 0 n v o lc 6 d
faiE (surn!n€) b u t n o r . . s Dl r . t € d
qhg (scrn!n.) .. ln'46$,r but sfrons.r
T o . n E . g l l 5 l 's p . . k 6 r rr h 6 s p o l l l r g 3 1 3 o n l y 5 u g g . . r l v . r. . d
+h. sp.llln! c l! qull..rblrr!Fy, flk. rh6v€l.rs (/g/, /k/,
/h/). tn.s. lilrl!i5 .r€ n.v.r roll.rod by 'Fe voisls .nd r.drtl.
/ t / . ^ d / U / , ( D r s D r . yl v )
A . n € n t l o n . dt r o v l o u s l Y , t h . l 6 r t . . I ! t + € r t h . E . / s / -
p o 3 l t l o n . o q . d s 3 + . . d 3 f o r . v 0 * 6 1* l t h t F 6 t o n g u . . s c l o 6 .
. s p 0 3 s l b l €t o t h . / s / t o s l t l o n .

Th.s€.rc p.o.ou.c.d as Indtc.t.d by +h€ En9llsh equrval€nr5,

Nlth rh6 ro^gq€sl.ongry curlod blck +ore.ds th6 p6sltioi

Z$is but unvolcod

.s Ii r!.h!r,!r but noro
9!tie
S.[tie
!ai!
Llke th€
' r h € s el n l vt l6. ll s! r s a <r o/ sn/ €
, /k/, /n/).nd d.n+.ts t/./. /c/, ts/),
v € rf o t t o r . d b y t h . v o r e t s ! n d . . d l . t s / t /
a n d / 0 / . ( DI e pt . y t v )
S o m €s p € a k 6 . s 9 r . n o r n c . / . / r l f h . c € . t . t n . h o u n t o t f r t c -
t r o n 3 0 t h a t I t t s s o n o v h . t k . t i o / . / E o u n dl n t r n . ! s u f . . , ,
\otlco tnar +n€!n..., a - z r s p o | |r ^ g l s o l r y s u g g o s - I v a . r l o
l e 1 1 € r ! a f i e r . c o 1 - 6 " . r r T Z d , ; ' + 6 s; p r o n u h ; t . r i ; n r n r h 6 / r /

As a.nlror.d or€vlouslv. +h. l6tt.r | !t+.r th.3. /r/-

p o s l ' r o n s o L n o s5 t a n o 5 t 6 r ! r o r . l r h l c r T 5 . t . . l o i g . d / r / .

,," r F € 1 6 n s u .p L s h o d
forr.rd rof.rds ,h. oo.r,ron
l3l,i;ri,,
.s li nl.6p,r bur !.eor..d
qrtis !i In nch..p,n b!t nor.

!llhs b.rr..n rh€ /sh/ or r'.h..D,,

.nd th6 /!/ or "!.€tr
T h Bp r l . + . l s . r . f o t t 0 1 6 do n l y b v t h . v o f . f 3 ! . d ^ . d l . t s / t /
.nd /d/. (S.. Dtspt.y tV,) Favp.rtlcul.. .tr..1ton +o ih.
s p . l I I n 9 3g . n o r , s t n c . + h . y . . . q u l f o . r b r t r . . y +o .p.!t6r3

ftrlFaEn-TTrfi- iITH TI]E TONGI'- SIlRtrItrE-

fffTdtriinE-

/s|,/, L

4t
SENTENCE
INTONATION
l n + h € o r € v l o u s d l s c u s s l o no l d l f l ' r o n i l € v 6 l s o t s v l l ' b l '
stross.nd tir€l..ft€ct on th. pltch P.ti€rns of the toi6s' vou
,.." "."..-"a onlv tlth tords iron.unc.d Ii rsolrlloh, 's lf
.o.d frot . llsr' Usu!llv, ot cours., ro'ds rre strung to96lh6'
rn,t+."onc"s. iren, +t. iutes 6l 16l!irv€ 31r€ss'pPlv oesr
long€r uilnt;rrupted str.tch€! thlch hsv6 ! g.n6rtlly sp€edsd_up
t.iDo.id n.rror.d, lorored pl'tch raig€.
li rhe tollorl.s .t.ipl., nor!co _f€ 6F'11\!9' or fh€ pllct
D . l l . r n s . n d t h . o v o r . l l l o k . ' l n g . T h . 3 u r n a n 6. i d 9 r v t n n ' n '
iog.th.r h.v. th6 str.5. P.+t6ri ot. stiql6 vo.d__*lth norn!l
si;.sE oi th6 llrsr .lll!bt., llghter st16sson tho nlddl'
svll.!1....d h€.vl.r sir.55 n tho l!st 3tll.bl.. o

._1_:
T' Hlj a l-

l r ! d d l t l o n t o t h e s . ! u t o n t t l c € l l E c r+nst oo rl . tsl for.l n g l i 9 ' o r d s

too.lho., d€llb...-o .l{ocls o{ s€n^.ic. 3lrgl. oLr
to; rtt.;troi Dortlcul!. p . r t s o r l l d l c .l. hor '
{holo sont€nc6 Is t. b€ cnd.rsfood.
Norn!llY,. surn.h. rl ll c!rry mo.€ litorhatlon +h.i '
{ o t l o * l i E t l t l € . n d , + h ! 3 , * l l l b € 9 l v . n g r o t l . . 6 6 P h a s r sb y

TE H'i
Th6 subordli.t€ si.tu5 o, Ehori Dy th. f.ct rh.l
ls ofton proiounc6d rtth

5hr 80 X r5 o - - J I 6 .

gon.r.r ry, tho k€y eord or phr.s. In ..y 3.ni6ic. n.y

Ir6d by h.!vy srr.ss.

on th€ 169€trv. n.rk.r b'l .rDh.stz63 ro.on.o^.

+ 1 . . +h . l 3 r r o n s t o t h t i k t 1 . + h . h . s t d ; ; t t . d r , t r . sH r .

Ilrh th€ €rcoprtonof rords +h.+.r..m!h.srzod. *o.ds th

rapld norn.l sp€€.h i.y s6Bn +6 h.v. tos+ rh. toi6s yo! !r.
*orklng ro ha.d to l6.r^. Bul donrt t.ot ch..t.d. tn th. ft.st
pr.c€,.rh. rords !.. s6tdon.6.||y nonotoi., th.r. r3 p.ot!bty
.oi€'h rng t\6re
06rlg ov.rtv 0r.cts6, stnc. onry th6 ftu.ir
3p€.kor has th. rtgh+ fo nqfrbt€.) In +h. s.co;d pt.c6, +h..o
*ords 8.6 9otng to b. ohph.slz.d.on6tlm.3,.id ti,.n Vo! c!nr+

. r h o u s . . o t . t . 6 st ss t o s l n g t o o u + f o r . + i 6 i t t o n p . r r t c u t a .
b . s t c . y r h e s d n oI n C h t n . s € . . de n o s h .
h 6 o ^ l y n . J o - d r f l . r s h . 6 t o k o 6 pr n n , n d r s r l a r l l c h t n 6 ; o
s r - € s s € r . 9 9 e . 6 r € s- F € p t t c \ o . f t e r r o t a - o n o . S r r o s s d o 6 s n o r
glv6 lh6 sy lgblo. f. thSpt'cn p.r.o.n, ,r Elg sh. a€
- u r n y 6 u - 5 - r € r e 6 dc h t n € 5 € r s
sv .bt€s tnto Fr rng_
 Tndra Is consld€r.blv moro d'tl'r€nc€ b o + ' 6 € nC h l n 6 s " i d
e^srr"i;-iirr^.".".i tiri-rt." p a t t o r n sr ' I n d r c E t oh o r r F o r e
..;+...""... r o b . u n d o r s t o o o . l r ! n g l l s h , I f l o n a l l o h o t r tp'r-
"ns
iil 'l.i-..ir.iiui! ii trreEnasot s€nt€ncos' rh€ tvprc'r
ii,i" ii " iii'-.i:r" 6 n do t + h o s s h r e ' c 6 u
, s € dt o r - o "r '' h
st!r'-
o "o r
i i i i " l ^ i i i , i " " i t " , " i i i " ^ ' , t t t ' q u s s + r oH' o r d sr r k '
I'h D.nt.l Klng.\
tho.r. Y . 0 ?\
T h . n o s l c o n f , o n. x c . t t l o n t o i n l s t y P l c ' l p ' + 1 6 ' i l i E n 9 l l e h
1.. .lr..t th...d ot th. s.nl..c6, !3€d lor mo3fqutsrrons
rno.r
*h!t cln b. !n3r.r6d flY€3i or

( n € . n l n 9 r r Y o urr. a 3 k l n g

ln lhc l!3t tro.r.npl.3! oilv itr6 rtslhg lnron'tlon shors'thDt

tlrer. .r. r ' . c i o cu.sllons'r c.ll lig lor v.s/no tnsrers'

ln chln.s., th. +vplc.l Into.!lton p!rt€rn-_th€ P'+r'rF tor

noe+ Eiaionen+si-ts rri onc ra travs !1..!dv Fr'6'it'd: lh6
3.au.nc6.f loi€!r nodlll.d bv.tr.s5' r l + h . { ! 3 f ' r r ' n p o tho
i iarrorcr, torcr_rt+ch r..g. +htn t.. i o r d s I n l . o l ' t r o n '

You *lll h!v. ro llghi your i.tur.l t.nd.ncv., ! 6p'!k6'

or En.ii3; ro.nd 5r.l. ntE rllh ! drop In prt.h. A Hlgh t'h'
..h.t;!. H l a ht o n . r ! R l . l h s t o n . . . n r r n s . R r 3 l n 0ion'r 'io !
L;r toi.. "lih l+i .l3lis +.i l, . . n D I h s . L o r
6id ot ! 3i.t.r.nt. D. nor ch.ns. +h.n Inro FallIn9 f6n'3

Th. nost coinoi.x..Plloi ro +hl3 lvplctl Chlnos' lilon!-

tlon Drtl..i ls. sllgh+lv r . l e € d 6.qu.nc.
iiif 6...tr.t". u n l r i . t i , . € h s l l . n a l s l n E I n t o n . t l o n 't h ' .
chli.;. r.l3.d Inton.+lonpfoduc.s r'l9h.r-rh!i_horh!r prrcn
+ h r o u E h o d tt h o ! . n + . i c . . n d r s u . . d l o r q u . e + l o n sr l + h q u ' 3 t r o n
,oFds. !3 t.l I .3 tor v.E/no qu.srronr.
ln th. tollorlnq lr. s6nl.nc.3, onlv th. drft"6nco b''{6'n
.'ls.d Inton.tl.i.^; norr.l Inron.tlor srgn.ls +h!1 +h6 flrsr
ls. v.s/no ou.stlon.nd th...cond ! s+.t€nont.
 NI hlo?
(Yo!t.e I ln6

Nor l.trs co@!.. th. ol . q!.sllo.-ro.d q!.6-

tlon rl+h l+. !nsr.r.

Nl . h l n I l l u o r 6 n? ri6 .hl r,lalsuo ran

( I h . t r . y o ! r n ! t r o n rl l t y ? ) ( I ' n . n A n . rl c . n ,)

Anolh€. Chln.3. lnfon.tron p.tt.rn lor..s th. Pl+.h through-

out th. s.nt.n..r oli.n grvlng th. volc. . b..!thy q!.llty r.+h6.
llk. r 5lgh. T h r s p . t + . r n l 3 o s c d l o r ' . c h o q u . ! + l o n ! , I r h lch
.r. u3.d to v.rlly rn.+ h.. b..n t!ld. L . t ' 6 c o h p l r . ! . o r n !l
qu.6tton l..l3sd l.+o.!+loi, .nd .n d.cho cu.3tlon' (lor...d

NI Nl xl.g *aig .?
( [You s.y] your 3!.n.n.
 I n d l s c u s s l n gr h € 5 € ! F - € € C h l i . s s l n f o 1 . + l o n o ! + t € r n s , f l ' .
Dolnr rrs r6D..t€dlv b.6r h.d€ rh.t +heyalf6c+ +h€ 9on€..1 plt
l 6 v o l o f + h € * h o l e s 6 n t € n c e , H o * € v € r ,t h 6 r . a r o n o t l c 6 . b l . l n -
toiatron.l l..tur5s.t i h . B i d s o l s € i t o n c e s . T h e e €a 1 6 p ! r T I -
cul.rly notlc6.!1. rhen +ho last syllabl6 l3 ln thE Na!r.al ton
lF t.ct, tho n!rk6r. h.s no r..l n6rilng o.9.smna+lc.r fuhcllon
ol Its orn, n..€ry st vli! rs . c.rrl.r ol v.rlou5 tlnal plfch
c o i t o r r s r i l c h . t l . c t n 6 . n l n g . T h 6 1 6. r . . l s o
fln.l 5vll!bl. rl1h lull ton. ls eri6nd.d *o c..ry on. ol ih.s.
lln.l pt+ch contou.s.

T o g . t h 6 rr l t h l ^ + € f J . c + l o n s . i d t h . v . r l o u . p . u 3 € h . . k . r e
*hlch punctu.to s.nt.nc.3, ii€3. lnton.+ron.l d.vlc.. provrd.
nu.i ol lh6 .xpr.eslv€n€ss oa chln.s. sp...h. K..p I l3+€nlng
 APPENDIXl: LIST OF lillTlALS

N 6 ! r . s t E n q l l r h E e uI v . l . n t
r r bI l l , r but uneolc6d
!rb.1s,rr but no.€ a.pl..t.d

!sprF.f€d.id li /r/ p o 3 li l o i
rldlI l,!r b!t !hvolc.d
trft n
I
s t ' 9 1 | l , ! ' b c r u n v or c . d
t r h l| 1 , t r b u t h ! r s h . t

J "I.op,,'but uivolc€d.id rn /l/ posrtlon

r r k ll l i b u t h o 1 6 . . r 1 . ! 1 . d
I
I
rfll I lu

rnl ltr

ugr ll," but ho16 .3pl r.t.d

t r c h e . p , rb u t n o . . . s p r r . r . d . i d ti /r/ posttlor
rr!.e,rr but *lth +oiqo. cu.t.d !.ck ftor.
rrB.$,rrb!t itfong.r
nSh.r," but l. /r/ po.rtton
t ,,tl I t,,, bu+no.. r3pt..f.d

( s . o a P P o n d l |x| , L t s f o l F t n . l 3 , l

b€+r€6. rh6 /.h/ ot isno.D,i .hd th. /s/ or

iA.€p,r'but In /r/ po;T+t;i

{ 5 6 €A p p € n d l r r L t 3 t o f F I n . t s . )
I t b 6 d s , r ' b u iu n v o l . € d
'rl.*,u but unvorcod.hd ln poslrroi
/r/
 APPE DIX tl: LISTOF F|i'IALS

rrth;ut In!l!f.l

nO.t.rlon

n !o T6.-iun9,tr 'r699+hn

nrnln."

l (.ft.r nJr!+r (/3/ po3lilont

$ :,

,:ll.:"i, .!, nr..h.r" (/r/ Po'rrron)

l.l!.rh...t iBl kl n!,'

iy.n.h.,n ntghootrr rlEcht!'

'rg'
/r/ +n.a + /iE/,'r!g!k.r!r
itgll tr
nlgt ro*,,

50
 N.'..sf E . o l l s h E o ul v ! r 6 n r

/\/+1'q6t^'+/n9/
I

tr€lltr

ni.tkl kr,r trllll

rqllgr I ry, n
u { 9 I ! . , ' ' q u l r + y n+ / n g l
"r4l.["

trsll"

l n o E n g ll s h 6 q u l v r l . n t i p . o - vlt
n o u n c € de l l h t h . t o n g u 6 l .
th. /l/ posllloh ..d th. I lt.
ln ih. /u/ Doslllon, sl6ul-
t.i6005ly. )

/!/ +'0^t..lo"

!, !' !.
' !!!, !9,
9, !'.id l.

5l
 (NUM}
NUMBERS

INTFODUCTION

Th6.bl lly 1. Js6 ln6 chr.65c lLro6r sys-6nhay bs one

o t i n o n o s t L 3 € r u ls ( l l t 5 y o u k r t . l c d J t r . o r r r . g
r o d L l . I n r . o o u c o sr h € c h t n o E on L - b 6 . e
r r o n 2 . . . t h r o u g h 9 9 , 9 9 9! n d o r d l h € t i u h b 6 r s ,

Th. osssi+l!l pa.t 6r rhts nodot. coistsre or'lhs

Nunb.rs(\U , -ap€s a.d rh..cco.p.1yl.9 dtspt.ys ahd
a r a r c r s . s l r i l . € v 6 r k b o o ks o c t l . n . t r h l 5 n o d u l 6 , l h €
ro.kbook t.xi ls toi lo*€d bv

Y o u 3 h o u l dr o . k t h 1 6 ! g h . r l o . . + t h e t l . 5 l t o u . r . p 3 3 ,
* h l . h I n t r o d u c € i h € n u n b 6 r su p t o 1 0 0 , r h l l . y o u . r o s t u d y -
I n 9 t h 6 O r l . n t . t l o i M o d u l 6 . T h . 3 € t . p e s l n c l u d 6 s o 6 €{ o r k
on p.o^uncl.+lon. lrorkl.e *lrh nunb.rsoftsr3 .i .rcerl6hl
o p D o . t u n l t yi o b u l l d u p t l u s n c y . i d . c c u r a c y o f p r o n u n . l ! -
tlon rlrhout h.vlng fo 1..rn. l.t.t n.r eoc.bulrry.
NU *ap.s 5 a^d 5.16 ln+.nd.dro bo usodrlth ih.
3 6 c o ^ dh . l f o t t h . M 6 n 6 yn o d u l 6 , y h o r o h l q h 6 r n c h b € r sr . .
u 3 . d I n b . n k l i g 3 l t u . t l o n 5 . N o H € v . r ,b € . r u s € t a p . s t o r t h 6
r . s o ! r c € n o d u l . s . r € a s s € 1 1 - c o n t a l i € da . p o 3 3 r b l . , y o ! n . y
u 3 . f h . n a t . i y t l n . * l + h . m l n l n u no t . . f . r . n c o t o o t h o .
cooo.i6nts of ths cours€,
 (NUmBEnS
TAPE1 WORKBOOK 1-5)

l|L

c.
t t 2 1 1 t r 2 2 t 4 5

0. E.
1 2 1 1

a42l c. t!24 4t12 E, 2431

 6 5 t

D,
5 6 2 5

D. 2t64 E, 6t55
TAPE2 WOFKBOOK(NUIiBERS7-10rnd 0)

I lir

Jr!

t0

o llig

c.

E.

B.
 7 3 t 6 l r 5 1

a 6 4 2

9 0 0 9 t 9 6 o 9 0 6 ?

t 9 o 6 , r o t 9

t959 c. 4096 2oo5 E. 7960

t 1 7 6 t 1 9 2

0.
t 6 2 0 t 9 ? 9
NoH oDULE

(NUMAERSIl-99)
TAPE3 WORKBOOK

20 22 Ir6hlar

t5

t5 r!.h lr!

lli.hlll!

t6 . h lr u

Jr I . h l JI!.hrJl!
t. 2.
l0

t l

l. a5 2. tl

6. 29

53
 (NUIIBERSI-99, REVIEW)
TAPE4 WORKBOOK

t. 3 2. 5, .48

2,

Ex.r.ls. !

2 . J + 8 t. | + 2

3. 5 + 5

t. 55 t, 12 t6

9. to. 21

E x € . c l s .5

l. 2l r t0 l0 l. J3+to
 (NUMBERS
taPE 5 WORKBOOK 100-999)

lrirbtrl

200

3oo 600 blbll

900 J Inbal
(lribir

I r lb v!snrr!

q l b l l . l r hr q l
( | r6; sb6I a. 3h I I r )

999 lltrbllll!6hlJrI
(JlibllJl!!hlJlEt

rRon.nlz!tlon In p..6iih.s.s lndlc!+.3

 r A n 5 r € r sa r € 0 6 t . p . . )

2.

!.

5.

6lo 224

3. 292 569

C O L U ! 4IN

202 220 I r l n g ! l l a r s ht
 ztl

tt2 9ta J
{J

| l l 2t2
t2l

tll 2t2

tol O 270

,03 6, 7, 901

6t! lo. 220 . at2 t2. 721

l. 909 919
2. 141 7.200 206 230
3. 20t 21t 230
'r. ltl '|! l,l 364 661
5.602 6t2 621 t0. t0 l l

An.r6rs +o Ex.rcls.4! 2. 111 t. 2to 5tI

5.602 ?.208 9.606 to. t l o
62
 TAPE6 WORKBOOK(l{U BEnSI,000.99,090)

Jliqrln

y l q l l n I I I i g b l l s l s h| | i i

s f n qI 6 n r ! b l l q l s h l r i

2. t,694

9, Att29
t. t,tll t.2,2lo

5, 4,9t2 7. t,3l l

DI3PLAYIII

COLL'MNI coLUlrN2

I '991 ylqltn!!!ryr l,lql yl q | lhyl btl LL!4!r

2,92 r r!nEql!i!l!slr 2 , 2 O _ 2 I l a n s qr ! i I I ! n s b ! | L b g i r

5, Q95 lliqt!n!!u!ri 6,6qt lllql.nlribtrlLbS{I

7 , 0 - 9 7 qrqt rn!b$it 1,191 qrq I Rnqrb i I l_ilgc I

e'9!e JlUqI.iLhr.lI! e,ege J ! !qr5iJ | !btr | l_!!!,1li

t.

2. 1.

,.
(Ansr.rs !r. on D.go 54.)
 3.

ta. 2,222

r :o ,o o o 6io,ooo

5 0,000

2.

t,

t. lo.
o n p . g . 6 3 ,)
NIII'I MODULE

l. 42,t39

5. 93,551

9!l!!!_r C O L UN 2

|,9.9q1 y l vNilbgyr r,q9ql

r,gql yl,inLbsyrshlvr r , r 9 g l r I ri nylq rsnlhgyr

t , 0 tr l r ,I r g l v I r i ^ y I q l S n y lb l l -
tli_sv I

t.

2. 7.

( A n s r 6 r s. r . o n p . g . 6 3 . )
 --

NUI'IMODI.JLE

22,201

3,

rr
tl

42Dilt

2 9 D it I
NU I,IODULE

A N S I I E RT
SO T A P E6 E X E R C I S E S

2, t,t9l

9, ', tol
5, 8,6t0

t. , l 6, at,2l,
2, '2,52O 1. 2t,3tO
t. 74,2t4 8. 67,490
9. t4,813
t. 1,,1ta to. 29,612

I. 2 0 , 0 0|

l. , r , 0 0| 6, 59,OOi
9. t0,050
5. 9 3 , 0t 5
 -----------

SUMMARY

C h l i € s o s v s f 6 mo t n u h b € . s l s s t n D l €
tr.d lt n.ro r€sut6r thon th6 iunior
fhe iuhb€.s I ro t0 pt!s zerol
) Jti (9)
tiu (6)
(t)

forn.d (tth th€ vo.d tor

lO, shl, fol to(.d
shlqi ( l7)
shlba (t3)
shlJri (l9)
You cai 3oo th.t the syEi6h lor rorntn. ll lhrough l9 r6s€nbt6s
.ddltlo^: lO + l, otc.
Th. iunb6r 20 ts I I t . r a l l y I ' t { o t e n s . ' r
of ro ..€ fo.n6d *lth rho vo.ds ror 2 through
th. rord for 10, shl:

Y o u c . n s 6 6 f h . r t h T s s v s t € n . 6 s o h b l € sn u l t t p

Ih6 r6n.rnlng nuhb.rs up 1o too a16 ro.hsd by conbtilng

,.
rh€1 .dd it-. rord .o. t.
6rshtyt (2t) slshljru (49) l,sht!t (67)
arshtbr l29t stshlyt (41) ltshlsl tjA)
ssnshta. ( 1 2 ) Nishtstn (53) bsshl il (36)
sanshl ! (36) rishtbt (53) Jrishter (92)
slshlrn t45) ]lUshr,i (65) JrlshtJrn {99)
N o t i c ot h a t s h l , t 0 , t o s € s i t s f o n e I n t h 6 e x . n p t 6 sa b o v . .
N U r 'M
t O0ULE

HUNDAEDS
I l u l t l p l € s o t I O O€ . € f o . m e d T n t h . s . n o * . v a s h u l t l p l € s
ol lo: rho ,ords for I through 9 folloved by +h€ *ord fo.

( t00)
I l 6n ! b ; i (200)

||!bar (600) (jr'ibil)

'{o+lc.+h.t rh. ro.o tor r, -bIl, .lt5ou9l'
I!, o.cur5 b€for.
b6lo.€ 10. shI. Not. !rso rho
l o r 2 u s . d r h € n f o r h l . g + h . - E i u d r o d s . l h t h 6 h u n b o r s2 , 1 2 ,
..d.ll nunb615 cont.rnlns2 up ro l0o, !! ls us.d. !L!ig_
l! q3.d xlih huhdrBds.

{h6n lormlng nunb.rs *l1h "h!ndr.d," r.hohb6r fh.t son.

ot th. nuhb6.s froF I throu!h 9 ch.ig€ +on. b.roro lh. Lo*
ton. of -bll. Y i ( l ) c h . i E € sI t o F . H l g h + o n . 1 o a F . l l l n g
toi€. llE (2t !L (5), .id il! {9) ch.ne6tron Lov ton.s

It ylb!l
I l!i9bll ( | l6ngbil)

Jri J r E b l r( J r n b i i )
T h . n u n b 6 . s I t h r o u g h 9 . 1 1 . r t h . h u n d r B d sb r l n g u 0 .
5p.cl!l pol.t rh6h th.r. l3 io ^u6b€r ln +h€ t6ns pl.c.:
. 2610, llig, l! us.d l. i!rk lhlt pl6c..
r r U b al ll n g r l U
r l l n E b al'l ^ s a r ( 2 0 2 )

sanbll J r v b al lrn l J r ! ( 9 0 9)
s l b a Ir (Jl'ib;ll l i g J l n )
v!bll I (505)

H h o nn u d b 6 r s l n + h € + . . i r r o l l o , t h e h u i d 1 6 d s . v r { l ) l s
Ini6.red b.to.o -l^6rord !o_ lO, sfl. r o u n d o . s r ! i d _ T h vr F l s
ls n6c6.E.ry, you n.cd to drsrlnqiT-3h bstve.n tho nunb.rs I
ihrou9h 9 .nd +h€ n!nbo.s *hlch l.b.l . 9roup of nunb.rE--no.e
s p 6 . l t l c a l v , r h l c h l a b € l . p o * € ro r 1 0 , s r c h a s " t € . , " r h l ,
''hundr.d.' -bil. lnd so on. Th6 rulo ls th.t tHo nurb€rs
rhrch.16 la5;Ts tor oth€r nunb€rs(such.s -bEI .nd shl)
c!n.o+ occur or6 .t'6r +l'. orh6-. ri€.€ior.,-tT 3 a;;;o
b o t o . 6: I L t n rro 'r.ousn re.
 ,ib:lytshlr! {tl5)
I lingb6lytshlyl (2ll) btbalyishlt Ii (316)
slbllytshlar (4t2) sEnbEl y 1 5 hI q l (517)
j libi lylshIs5i {9lJ) llUbiiylshlbt (613)
q T b il y r s h l s l r'14) ylbEiylshlJli (ll9)
q6'llrs to1€ bozo-. th€ Lor
Th€ illoh 16i€ ol vi ch.raes to a
' o r € o ; - 0 6 i o r r a 6 6 s n o i c h a i s . D € t o r 6q 1 l , ! s v o u d o J r d
-oh6 ihtcF
.i;;.i. fi; +oi. or vr ,s Lsu; v .'r6cra? by !iy
follo*s, buf thls c.3;-ls 6n oxcoptlon.

T h . f € m o l n l n gn u n b 6 . s I n t h 6

ylbllbtshlJln (139) llJb;lslshlql (647)

lllnqb6larshl6r (222) q t b , l s 5 ^ s hI l l i (716)
3 5 n b al s l s h I l i (546) bllbllqlshll Ii latq)
s l b i l b l s h| (430) J r U b 5 r l r i s h r a(re 5 ? )
viblrsrnrhryr (5rr)

THOUSANOS
Iho kord ror "thousand" 13 -!!g rhe
tori6d li th€ s.h€ ray !s th6 hu.dr€d3,
ylqTln (1,000) lllqlti (6,000)
ll;ngql6. (2,000) qtqltn (7,000)
sEnqTSn ( r , o o 0) brqlli (4,000)
slqlSn ( 4 , 0 0 0) iliqlrn (9,000)
v!qrrn (5,000)
N o + r c et t . ' 2 l s L t 3 - 'no tlar r1e qls5 tolo o'!!
-o a c.rrrls ton€ b€5.e r1. HlsF 'oro o, -91!a.

R u 1 6 sc o n c € r n r n s r o n E c h a n s € s6 r d u 5 € o r ! : . n d
n u n b o . s l i t h € h u n d r s d sa l s o . p p l v t o n u n b € . s I n r h o
y l q l s n l l n q b J s hl ll i (1,036)
I i , n q q l E nl lS n q b E l a r s h l( 2 , 2 2 0 )
N! q | 5 n I I i bi I y t s h I (5,610)
b 5 qi t n y l b EI l l n g N i (6, 05)
Jliqltnlligylshlql (9,017)
NIJMl,l00ULE

rh6 us6 of ]!9 l s € x D s i d e dI n n u n b 6 . s . 5 l a . g 6 a s

+ h o u s a ns d. T h o t o r d l l n o a . i s r a n d r o r + r oI '6arn nd o! r e a
"
dJ.conf
o no
z6ros. Ihis !56 ls 'fifir. t. +n" Enqrrsh I n
r h o u s . n de l g o n e " ( | ,gqr)
ylqrsn!b!yr rr,00l) I ruqrtnl!-!grIir (6,996)
I lahqqrlnl-Llgir {2,9q2) qrq I lnlbgq I ( 7,99r)
EliqlEnl!-!gs!i I r,99, ) brq rriL!-!gbt ( I ,993)
( 4,qq4, 'JliqrrilbgJli (e,gge)
.l q l!nlbgsl
*!q I rnlbgH! ( 5,9q5)
S € 6 r l . s l y , r h l s . x o a r s l o no t + l ' o n . ! . l r s o t ] - t i c'u'o le!d
t o c o n t u s l o n ,b u f c o n p . r o r h € i o r r o e r n g :
ylqr!nslbllll^slln (1,496)
y l q l ! i l l ^ s s l s hI l l i ( 1 , 9 4 6 )
( r,996)
at , q 6 0 )
T h e r . o ! l n l n g n q n b € . El n + h o t h . ! 3 ! n d s . r . forn.d

J I U ql r i l l a n g b laq t s i I b t (9,273)
qlqll.slnbalyl3htyt 11,3ll)
slqrlnr!bllar3hlir (4,527t
I l l h g ql r n y l b EI l l i s n l s r n (2,l6r)

'EN 'HOUSAN9S
T h 6 , o r d f o r u + € nt h o u s a i d r l s - r i n .
yl*tn ( lo,ooo) lli*ln (60'000)
|llng{}i (20,000) qt*ln (?o,0oo)
slnfln (ro,ooo) b6!An (30,000)
slv.n (4o,ooo) Jr!ii. (9o,ooo)
ririi (5 o , o o o )
'roa ql
Norlc€ +hsi vr, ql, ..d bl ch€rg.
to Rlslig roros Deto.6 tTE l;Tllrg tin. o' - 4 1

T h € r u l . s t o . h u n d r . d s ! n d t h o u s a n d sa l s o . p p l y
+ho!sands: l) rh. {o.d !l-4ig- (2) Is usod rlth -gia.
2) N!nb.rs rhlch Itb6l a Dosltlon ctnnof occur on. rl
.no1h.r. J) Iho ford l_!.!g ca. staid for +f6 or n..6

J r!,!i!fqlsnssnbirslshl I iir (92,346)

I r ; n s v i n a r q i s n A r b l l i r s h l e r. 2 2 , 2 2 2 )
 b{rlnlhgbl ( 39r9q3)
b6rl n!!-!9b tsh I br {3qaq8a)
b6*inll]gbtba ibrsh I bE (30,333)
rn th. flrst +ro ox.hplos g! ls us.d tor 2 *h.n lt l. not ihs
t l r s i d l 9 l + I n . n u h b € r . T h € s o c o n d€ x . n p l 6 c r . . r r y . n o * e
+ha+ n.frv6 sp€.k..s nry st3.t ofr *lth Il_I!g- .hd thon 5rrtch
ro !!.
N u n h . r s l n t h . f 6 n t h o u s . n d sb f l n g o u t t c h . . ! c t . r l s t l c
o f t h . C h l n 6 s 6n u n b o t s V s t € n r h l c h I s l r u l y d r f t 6 r . i t f . o n f h €
Ensllsh syst.n of nurb.rs, Tradl+lon.lly, Chln... nunb6.s
v€r6 vrltt.i vlth rh. conh. +o th6 l.ft 6f th6 tou.th drqll.
I l a i g * i n r i q I t h , i b l l s t n s h lI r ! 2,5556
b r v l n I I i r qI t n q r b i I s l s hI q r

OROINALTtIUMAEFS

L l k o t h 6 c . r d l n . l n u n b € r s , o r d l n r l n u m b 6 r sI n c h 1 n . . . . . .
.lso..srly.nd r.sur!rly lorn.d. Th. {ord to. triunb.r,i 3!-
(ln th. E.ns6ol'tnumb€r lr') h!y b6 pl!c.d b.toro !ny cr.dlnrl
nunb.. to fr.k6 l1 .n ordln.l nunbo..

( " n u n b . r 2 , " " s . c o n d ")

dlArshl
Ih6 p16tlx dl- nusr bo fol lor.d by . qnr+ nunb..r iot by
ro. r groupof nunb..3. Fo. ln3t.nc.:
dlylbli ( " t o n 6 l h ui d r o d t h " )
{ N O Td l b i r )
dlyl! Itn ( i i c o n . l r h o u s 6 n d r h i),
( N o Td l q l a n )
( r ' t o n € r + € n t h o u s a n rdh ! ' t
( N 0 Td l * i n )
N o i r c 6 t h a f r h r . d . 6 s N o T h o l d t r u € f o . t h 6 n u n b € r sl o t o l 9 :
dlshl ("nuhbe.10,'oi€.thtr)
dlshlyt
dlshlJrn ( " n l n b e r1 9 "
IlUM I,IODUIE

T h e r o l 5 . l s o . n o t h . r f o r d . - h a o , r h l c h r h € n u s € dt l t h I
n u n b 6 r r . f 6 r s t o t h l n g s I n . n o r d . F - u . l l k o + h . n u n b . r su s 6 d
v l t h d 1 - , t h € n u n b 6 r s* l t h - h t o c o n 6 r o b . u 3 € d t s n . n e s t o r
ih6 tFTnss th€y r6rsr t., as-T; !ddr€s36i or d!t€s.
D!lI J l5 sl.hlarhio I'tNo.42 DalI Str..t")
S!nyili s!isn rYrhao

SAYII{GI{TJMEEFS
ALOUD
Th..6.ro r*o nunb..s.loud. 0n. r.v I3 to
!lv€ ih. full forn ot i h . n!nb6" Incl!dlng th. lrb.ls tot rh'

a0r0tl
t2,105 yl{)nr la.sqltnqlbll| (nsHi

3 l r a n b l qI t n 3 t n b l I s l 3 h I q t
tno o+h€r i.y l5 to !.. r!+.l.phon. .rYl.l
th. l.b.l3 to. +h. Dor.r3ot 10.
80'oll bl-rln9_llng-YI-Yl
12,1o5 Yl-ar_ql_ltng-t!
70,009 q r - l l n 9 _r I n s - | l n g _ JI
/t3,!4? 3l -br-5r.-31-qt
Th.r. !.. t{o thln9. +o notlc. rh.n r6.dlng nuib.r!'+ol.phon.
slvl.." FIrst ol .lt, !1.c. th..€ I3 r sllEht p.us. b.rr..n
.!;h nurb.F, +h. ton. ol . .yll.hl. I. no+ ch.ng.d bv th. n.xt
. v l l . b l . . T h . r . t o r . , . l I i ! i b . F 3 ! r . D r o n o u n c . {dl t h t h . r r
h;€r. roi.3, s.condly, l-lng c.iiot e+.nd
!.ro l!nd 13..D..1.d ll n..d b.).
'T€l.Dhoi..tvl.n l3 olt.n u!.d to ld.n+lft I v..r' Th.
rord for ,ty.!.,'r -al!, ro||or3 rh. nlnDers.
yI-Jl!-*!_llns-nl6n 11950)
 -

(CEl
CLASSROOMEXpnESSTONS

cEl

2. N 6 f r . ns h l n s k a b . . L.trs b69ln c l.ss.

3, Nl rliE ,6 shu6. Lr316r to h. s.y lt.
'1, NI d6ng l. n!? 0o you und€.s1.nd no*?
I donr+ und..3t.nd.

?. Ql^g 9ah:ho v. shu6. Plo.36 rop..i.lt.r 16.

3. Qlig il zil lhoO ylcl P l 6 . s os r y l t . S . l n .

I l, lt6 bL zhldlo.

12. S hI s h 6 . n . y l . l ? r,ih.t does It n6an?

15. Hlo, r6n.n xla ka b!. 0kDy, clrss l3 ovor.

cE2
l. $6 n6l tlnOqtngchu. I dldir't h€.r cl.a r ly.
2. !i6 y6u ylg. rlntl. I h . v € . q u 6 s lt o . .
l. N I s h u d c u 6l € . You s!ld lt *.on9.
4. NId6 rEyrn b'i rlr h!o. You. pronunclallonlsirt too

5, Nl 95n t5 shu5. You+.lk ylth hln 0R You

6. w 6 n s0 i n r 6 n ,n l * e n * i n + 1 . r i ,d q D ! i r 6 n , y o u . s k r h €

7. H O l . l b Il l n g , n f h u l d l H i I r E ll l n g , y o u ! n s x . r r h € n .
 3. Q I n g n I ttnch6.g zhdnsr6n. P l € . s € t . . n s l l t e lr

Pl.as6 tr.^3lat. lr

10, QInsdl yldllnr 5h!ngyt. P1..5.t.lk a llttlo

I l. Q I n gd l n y l d l , n r E h u d . Pl.!s. r! lk a llttl.
12, zhtngLlosht' nln ha.l l,lr. (T..che.) zhlng,

ll. I l l n g t l a nJ l a n .
r4. C r z h 6 n s r 6 n! l n n . t h u t ? Hov do tou 3ry "c.r"
 TIMEand DATES(T&O)

INTBODUCTION

T h l s r o s o u . c . n o d i € s u h 6 . r t z 6 s r n d 3 u p p l o n . n t sc o . €
n o d u r o p . 6 s o n t . . t l o n sl n v o t v l n g d a r € s a n d f t n o . T I m € . n d
0.1€s (T&0)t.pes I and 2 cov€r d.tos (y€ar,60irh, day of
th€ nonlh, d!y ot th. r..k, and such€rp.ssstons.E !'n6x+
r66klr.id I'yost..day,'). T!0 lap6s 5.nd 4.ov.r tt66 (ctock
€ x p . e s s l o n s. s , ! l ^ tho no.ntngu).

I h o p r o r € q uI s l + € s f o . t h l s n o d u l e € . e P r R t . p 6 s t - 6 . n d
N U Mi . p 6 s - 4 . 0 r h € . r l s € , t h 6 T l h o ! n d 0 . t € s o d u l . l . . . t l -
codr.ln.d. Not6, hof.v.r, rh!t d.t€s a16 l itroduc.d rrlh
f . p 6 s 5 a n d 6 o t t h . a l o g r . p h l c riforhatloi r l o du t . ! n d + r r . i
t l n 6 l s l n f . o d c c . d r t t h + a p € r t .nd 6 ot fh. I,roi€yModul..

1l
TID MODIILE

TAPE 'I WORKBOOK(DATES)*

Er.rcl r. I lAns16rs .r€ on t.P.. )

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(r) Nov.ob€r lOth

5. (l)

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9. ( )

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DISPLAYI

20th
6. S.pt€ib.. 2ttn

DI6PLAYII

fo5+at.5 th. rul€s

 (YEARSANODAYSOF THE WEEK}
TAPE2 WORKBOOK

DISPIAY I
,

l. F . h . ! . r y 2 2 ' 1 7t 2 15, t2t,

2. July 4th, 1776
5. J.o!.ry l, 166! I ?, t9f9

THIS NEXT

t92r l 1926 l 1921

1960 I r95t I t962

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2.

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n.tt Y€tr

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20th
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CD
TTO MOOULE

SUiIMARY

ONTH, OAY, AND YEAF

l i C h l i e s s r t h o i . m € ! t o . t h o h o n t h so r t h o
n u h b o r 5I + h r . u g h l 2 t . l l o * o d b y t h o r o . d l o r
Ylyua ('Janua.y") Qtyua
Lr v " n s6yui ("^ogustt')
5 5 n yu b ("llarch'I) Ji!yui {"s6pt.nb6r")
5 1 yu A (oap.ll") Shlyua
{iyui 5 hl y l y u i ( r ' N o v . n b € r ")
Lliyub ("Jun.") Shlaryui (t'0€c6nbsr")
+o qtsrr9 r6d6s
b € r o r o + h € F a r r r n q + o n €o - r E ;
T h € d a ! o l t h o n o i + h l s € x o r . s 5 o d b v f h € i u n b s r o f irhr nou nd ba €v . . ! '
1ol ov€d by th€ bouid ro.d -\!q. !l+€ral y, -I!g m€.ns
s1h16
qlhlo (itho ?+hr)
s hl q r h l o ({th. l?fh")
( s hl q I h l o )
!.shlbth;o ('rfh€ 23thrr)
( i r s h I b S h l o)
1 u n D 6 r 3t _ , q t , a r d b 6 d o i o ' ! r r a v s
ro.€ ih€1 pa-- o' a lars; Filber, Tlls

Ihe ord€. ol +h6 monthtid lh6 day or th€ nonth

sshe In Chln€s€.s lt Is Ii Englls[:
QIY!a slhio { r ' J q L Y4 " )
Biyui i I!h;6 (iausust etr)
s h l i . y u € a r s h l a . h i o { " 0 6 c € n b €2r 2 )

r Y u a e € s r ^ r r o d u c € dI n + h o B l o g r a p h r cl n f o r h ! t l o n r l o d u l € , 1 + h
fF-ep€r lne di. s i a . r r n e r r + h r h 6 M o i € y M o d ul € , t h 6 u n l a u +
rr l!-LIa: aft€. n and r,
+ o d r s r i n s u i s h ! r r r e o 4 3 i d . l . l rf r o n l i i .
 To ask rhal honth or rh.t day ot +h€ nonlh lt Is, u3e +h€
questlon *ord j!-, {hov nany":
z h a l g 6 y u i 3 h l J l y u i ? ( ' r l i h a ih . . t h l s t h l s ? " )
Jrirls^ jlhlo? ('r$h.l rs tod.vts d.re?'r)
JI- ls usL.llv nLaborlr rFs ansto. rs .rp6cr€d
T6 oE no nore thrn i O o f 5 0 d u a s h 6 0D € l r g c s € d o t l . r r l s o ) .
(
- f a l +h.
But nor'.6 l!- ls Lsod tor tl'. o€v ol
€ n u n b € ru P r o r I

1 i l d o i t l f t l n q y . . r 5 , t o u r s l . 9 l € - d l g l t n u n D . . e. r e t o l r o * . d
by +h. word -Alrgt,
Y r Jl ! . r l l U n l S n ( 1 9 2)6
YlJl!etnstnnlan (1935'
Y r Jr i s l i r i l 6 n (r942)
Y r Jr ! , ! l l n 9 nr 6 n l l 9 5 O )
T h . . 6 n u n b . r s . . . ! l v s n l n ' ! 1 6 l . p h o n .s f v l s ' r ( o n . b y o n . , , i . t
c o n b t n o d l n i 6 s 1 . . 9 e r n u"n b . . . l ! , g ! , a n d b t d o i o + c h a n q .
+ o n €l n r r ' l . l . p h o n 5
s t y1 . .
{h.n askr.9 'i*h.t y6ar?" th. quoefron {ord &!l!a rs u36d:
N I 3 h l n E I h l S ns h a h g d 6 ?( ' t { h a t v . . . * o . 6 v o u b . . i ? " )
hF.n glvlng th6.olth,6ay, Enoy€ar I4 Chll€s€, p.oc.od
t.om+h. Irrso.
Y l q T q r l l U n l S .Q l y u os l h a o ( r ' J u l v ' l ' 1 7 7 6 " )
YljlU,!Itngnl6nStnyu.stn3hlylhlo (rt[!!rch,l, 1950'r)
Y l J l U t l n s l l n g n r d nL l i y u . . h l r n h l o ( " J u n € 1 5 , l 9 O 0 ' r )
No+rc. that th. rord ]-!-!g, 't2€.o,t' l. In3.rl.d ..ch iln6.

DAYSOFIHE WEEK
T h . i ! n . 3 t o r d . v s o f t n . r . . kr r . 6akr,o" n l ' l o i d . l t h r o u ! h S ! t u . d . y
!r. fo.meo by uslns lh. rord fo. 4Ig,
nuno.r. Nollc. lh.t !hs c\ln€86 v€.k bo9li3 0n /on6.Y
TID I,IODULE

T h a r . . 1 6 t r o d rf f 6 r € . 1 * o r d 3 lor I'Sundry," i.lth.r con-

Xlngqtti!n
Xt^gqlrl
-lt6.6l v, xTnqot^lln ls 'ho.voi d.y,"..d Ilnqqtrl ls "6ui

ln addltloh to th.s. c.nnonly ur.d n.m.s, rnrch !r.

standafd In th. P.opl.r3 R.publlc ot Chln., ihor..r. ^.r.s
form.d rlfh lTbil:

L I b ll l r

Llblr rL
tlbl tl t!n
Llbl I rl
d.y ol ttre ro€k lt r., th€ qu.silo. rord IL-

,tn9qiJ! ("Ihlt d!y l. tod.ylrr)

rI barl! i'!Nhrt d.y lr n.d!y?i )

TIMEWOFDSWIIH DAY,WEEK,MOI{TH,AIiIDYEAR
Tho ro.ds fo. rnd 50 0i .nd th.
,o.ds for tod!y,i itororrov,r' rnd so lorth..o p.r.ll.l, rr+h
oi6 6xc.ptlon ( r ) :

("y6!r.tro. noir') (r'd.y .lt.r ionof ro*!r)

( " y € . r b s f o 1 6l 5 t r " ) (rrdayb.fof. yo3terdayr')

9l
TTD I'IOOLJLE

v o r d s 1 o r r r t hl r f , o n t h , "
Jor'r+hi5 r6.k," "noxt

zhilg6

TELLINGTIME
olIn, lli.r!l1y n..nl.i'dot,' l 5 f h . c o u n t o rt o . h o u r 3
"clock"),
o n t h ; - c l o c k , T h . r o r d 2 h 5 n q ," o ' c l o c k r r ( l l f . r . l l y
ls !dd6doPtlonallY.
Yldl!n (zh6ng) ( l oo) Q T dl 5 n ( z h 5 n g ) (?:00)
L l l i g d r i n l ? h d n € ) ( 2 oo) B l dI l n ( z h 6 n g ) (3:O0,
S t n dl l n { z h d n 9 ) (, Jlidlln (1h6ng) (9:00)
sldlin (zn6ng) (4 00) s h l d l 6 n ( 2 h d n g) ( l0:00)
{idl!n (!h6ns) I5 5 ht y l d t i n ( z h 6 n g ) ( l l : 0 0 )
L r i d r 6 i ( z h a n r ) ( 6 o0) S h t e r d l l n ( z h 6 n g) ( 1 2 , 0 0 )
"h!1f,"
.To €xpr.ss tri€ oh th6 h.lt ho!r, th€ vord !!!,

Ll6ngd I6n bln (zh6ng) (2:!o)

|{idlln bln (zh6ng) (5:10)
Jt!dlai bin lzhsng) (9:ro'
s h l y T dl l n b a n ( r h l n 9 ) ( 1 1 : i 0 )
N o t r c . f h . t t h o 3 6 o r F . . 5 3 l o n 3c . n . l 3 o . n d In !!!lg, no'clock."

To.xt..sr tln. on lh. qur.t.. hour, th6 ro.d ka, uqo..t6r,"

Yldllnylk! (l:r5, ". qq..f.r.rt.r l")

L l ! n g d l l n s l n k | ( 2 : , 1 5 ," 1 h . . € q ! . . t € r s l . . t 2 " )
ri!dl!n ylk! (rr lr, ". qu.rt.r p!sr t")
ShlArdlii !aika (l2r.1t, r'thr.. qu6rt6r, P.s+ 12")
a n o . € s p 6 c r t l c t . t + o 6 x P . € 5 sr h o l d . a o r ! q u . r t € r P g q Lr h s
hour" l. ,lth tho ,..d 9!i, 'fo pass"'
I .rcl6n 9u. yl ki (r'. qu.rt6r p!sf {'r)
shlardlli 9ui'yl ka ("! q0..t.. p.si t2")
T6 oxpr.ss th6 ld6. ol " q u . 1 1 6 rt o t h o h o u r , ! r h . f o . d c h l ,
"to r.ck," h.y b. ussd:
j r i d l a i c h l y lk l '
.hi ylkajridiln (". qu!r16. +o 9')
shlyrdr!i.hl vlka
chl yl kb shlyrdrln l"a qurrtor to lln)
{ l r h e x p r o s s l o n so l q u a . r . . rh6 hou., tro ro.d
ord6.s aro posslbls. (0nly on. rs posslbl€HIth 6xt16sslons
o t r l n 6 . t r o r t h . h o ur , )
E x p . € s s l o i so t q u 6 r l o r h o u r s b . l o f o f h 6 h o ! . o r p . 3 t t h 6 h . u .
do iot end ln
The {o.d fan, rntnut., u I3 u50d 10 glv€ th.6x..t ltne:
l l i i g d l E h s hl r i t E n
b r dl ! . A . r h I ! . f a i
shldlli 5hll5n
s ht a r d l a n s a n s ht q t t a n
F 6 nn a y b . o n l t + € d l i l o i g . .
y l d l l n s t n s hi * i
y l d r a i s a i s hl r i t s n
-F€ -.y bo roo.dto ct.rtry.
rcrd jg,'z€ro,' fin.

.tndlSi v!t6.
s l n dl E n I t i ! v ! f g n
C u d r n d c h a n ! v b € u 3 6 d r l + h t l n 6 € x p 1 6 3 3 l o n 5I n c l u d l n !

s 5 n dl l i sud irsh If En

T o a s k r h a t l l n € o f d . y r . r t s , u s . . rh 6 q u 6 s r r o n * o r d J l
JIdlin zh6^g? ("thar rtm.

9J
PARTSOF IHE DAY
dltfor"+ p'r'ls of ! dtv
l. Chtn€ss' th'

tlosh.ns l ! n o r i I n 9 ! r - - t u || d ' v l l g h r
(zhochan) unll I i'6r 'oon'
.hlnor! (trlo..noonn-_no'mlrorkln9
i.hl;gsu) hourt untrI ioon'

(r'.lt.rnoon't--noon untl I lh'

..rl ol lh. bualn.3a6'Y'
(i.v.nlnEtr_-.lt.r ih. 'v'nl nt

blnyl ( " h 1 " ' r s n t ")

vl ('!nlEhlt'--!...r.11!.?roi
rrouio tt P'n un+ll sunrr"t
l' oft'n t"c'd'il bY
ln Chlr..., clock tli'
n.tlne lh. F.rt of th' d t Y I n vorv'o:
t'] '"
zlorh.ns qldr.n 'h6nE ::;:i'-
(hs:'o *-'*'"
,!n.n.ns bldr!n bln 'hsnE ::,i!'
b'!rnG''th
li:'i:.::i"l'li :ij";::":::: i[':;.':;:'i:::"