Refinery Gas Analysis

PerkinElmer Arnel Turnkey GC Systems
Petrochemical & Natural Gas Applications

Introduction
The measurement of semivolatile and volatile compounds in petrochemical feeds, processes and products can be easily accomplished
with turnkey analyzers and systems designed to meet accepted standard methods. PerkinElmer has a long-standing relationship
with Arnel™, a market leader in customized chromatography solutions, to provide, install, and support a full range of guaranteed
analyzers, systems and accessories.
This Applications booklet summarizes the features and benefits of individual Clarus™ Arnel GC analyzers that are available for a
variety of petrochemical laboratory and process applications, from hydrogen to asphalt analysis.
More details and specifications are available for each model by obtaining the referenced companion literature for each product. Almost
100 turnkey analyzers are presented, ensuring that consultation with a PerkinElmer representative will deliver the analyzer that will
meet your needs.
Tables 1, 2 and 3 below show industry-standard methods compliance for standard model Refinery Gas Analyzers (RGA), Natural
Gas Analyzers (NGA) and Trace Sulfur Analyzer Systems. Other standard model analyzers for light gas, chlorine, transformer oil
gas, LPG and simulated distillation through detailed hydrocarbon analyses that are compliant with ASTM and various industry standard
methods are also summarized in this applications booklet.
Table 1. Methods Compliance for RGA Systems
PerkinElmer Arnel RGA Model ASTM Method UOP Method

1001 D1945, D1946, D2597 539
1101 D1945, D1946, D2597 539
1201 D1945, D1946, D2597 539
1301 D1945, D1946, D2597 539
1015, 1016 D1945, D1946, D2597 539, 709
1115, 1116 D1945, D1946, D2597 539, 709
1215, 1216 D1945, D1946, D2597 539, 709
1315, 1316 D1945, D1946, D2597 539, 709
Table 2. Methods Compliance for NGA Systems
PerkinElmer
ASTM Methods GPA Methods ISO Methods IP Methods
Arnel NGA Model
2001, 2101 D1945, D1946, D2597 2261 6568, 6974-5 None
2201, 2301 D1945 2177, 2261 6568, 6974-5 None
2002, 2102, 2202,
D1945 2261 6974-5 None
2302
2003, 2103, 2203,
D1945, D1946 2261 None None
2303
2206, 2306 None 2165, 2177, 2186 None None
2008 D1946 2286 6975 345
2108 D1946 2286 6974E, 6974-3, 6975 345
2208 D1946 2165, 2186, 2286 6974E, 6974-3, 6975 345
2009, 2109, 2209 D1946 2286 6975 345
2000, 2100, 2200,
D1945, D1946 None None None
2300,
2006, 2106 D1945, D1946 None None None
2010, 2110, 2210 D1945 2261 6974-5 None
Table 3. Methods Compliance for Sulfur Analyzer Systems
PerkinElmer Arnel Sulfur Analyzer Model ASTM Methods

4025, 4026, 4027, 4028, 4029, 4227, 4229, 4425, 4428,
4429, 4629
D5504, D5623, D6021
1
Table of Contents
Refinery Gas Analyzers
Model 1001…………………………………………………………………………………….….5
Model 1015………………………………………………………………………………….…….6
Model 1016………………………………………………………………………………….…….7
Model 1101……………………………………………………………………………….……….8
Model 1115……………………………………………………………………………….……….9
Model 1116………………………………………………………………………………………10
Model 1201……………………………………………………………………………………....11
Model 1215.......................................................................................................................12
Model 1216.......................................................................................................................13
Model 1301.......................................................................................................................14
Model 1315.......................................................................................................................15
Model 1316.......................................................................................................................16
Natural Gas Analyzers

Model 2000......................................................................................................................18
Model 2001......................................................................................................................19
Model 2002......................................................................................................................20
Model 2003......................................................................................................................21
Model 2006………………………………………………………………………………...……22
Model 2008......................................................................................................................23
Model 2009......................................................................................................................24
Model 2010......................................................................................................................25
Model 2100......................................................................................................................26
Model 2101......................................................................................................................27
Model 2102......................................................................................................................28
Model 2103......................................................................................................................29
Model 2106......................................................................................................................30
Model 2108......................................................................................................................31
Model 2109......................................................................................................................32
Model 2110......................................................................................................................33
Model 2200………………………………………………………………………………………34
Model 2201………………………………………………………………………………………35
Model 2202………………………………………………………………………………………36
Model 2203………………………………………………………………………………………37
Model 2206………………………………………………………………………………………38
Model 2208………………………………………………………………………………………39
Model 2209………………………………………………………………………………………40
Model 2210………………………………………………………………………………………41
Model 2300………………………………………………………………………………………42
Model 2301………………………………………………………………………………...…….43
Model 2302.......................................................................................................................44
Model 2303.......................................................................................................................45
Model 2306.......................................................................................................................46
Model 2310.......................................................................................................................47
Simulated Distillation Software and Software Enhancements

Model 3012.......................................................................................................................49
Model 3013.......................................................................................................................50
Model 3062.......................................................................................................................51
2
Trace Sulfur Analyzers
Model 4025.......................................................................................................................53
Model 4026.......................................................................................................................54
Model 4027.......................................................................................................................55
Model 4028.......................................................................................................................56
Model 4029.......................................................................................................................57
Model 4227.......................................................................................................................58
Model 4229.......................................................................................................................59
Model 4425.......................................................................................................................60
Model 4428.......................................................................................................................60
Model 4429.......................................................................................................................60
Model 4629.......................................................................................................................60
Other Analyzers
(For light gas, chlorine, transformer oil gas, LPG and simulated distillation through detailed hydrocarbon analyses)
Model 4001……………………………………………………………………………………….62
Model 4002……………………………………………………………………………………….62
Model 4003……………………………………………………………………………………….63
Model 4004……………………………………………………………………………………….64
Model 4005……………………………………………………………………………………….65
Model 4006……………………………………………………………………………………….66
Model 4007……………………………………………………………………………………….67
Model 4008……………………………………………………………………………………….67
Model 4009……………………………………………………………………………………….68
Model 4010……………………………………………………………………………………….68
Model 4011……………………………………………………………………………………….69
Model 4012……………………………………………………………………………………….69
Model 4013……………………………………………………………………………………….70
Model 4014……………………………………………………………………………………….71
Model 4015……………………………………………………………………………………….72
Model 4016……………………………………………………………………………………….73
Model 4017……………………………………………………………………………………….74
Model 4018……………………………………………………………………………………….75
Model 4019……………………………………………………………………………………….76
Model 4020……………………………………………………………………………………….77
Model 4021……………………………………………………………………………………….78
Model 4022……………………………………………………………………………………….79
Model 4023……………………………………………………………………………………….80
Model 4024……………………………………………………………………………………….81
Model 4032……………………………………………………………………………………….82
Model 4033……………………………………………………………………………………….82
Model 4034……………………………………………………………………………………….82
Model 4035……………………………………………………………………………………….83
Model 4036……………………………………………………………………………………….84
Model 4037……………………………………………………………………………………….85
Model 4080……………………………………………………………………………………….86
Model 4081……………………………………………………………………………………….63
Model 4082……………………………………………………………………………………….87
Model 4083……………………………………………………………………………………….88
Model 4086……………………………………………………………………………………….89
C5=: Pentenes
C6+: C6 hydrocarbons and higher
3
Refine
Model 1001
Model 1015
Model 1016
Model 1101
Model 1115
Model 1116
Model 1201
Model 1215
Model 1216
Model 1301
Model 1315
Model 1316
Refinery Gas Analyzer Model 1001
Analyzer Description
Published methods met: ASTM D1945, ASTM D1946, ASTM D2597, UOP 539-73, DIN 51872-4
Types of sample analyzed: Gas
Compounds separated: H2; O2; N2; CO2; CO; H2S; C1 through C5; C5=, C6+, H2O, NH3
composite peak
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2 - 1 to 10%; H2S - 0.1 to 25%; all other
components - 0.01 to 100% except the C5=, C6+, H2O, NH3 composite peak - 0.01 to 40%
Application note reference number with technical details: D-6620
Major Features and Benefits
• Simple, lowest-cost refinery/light hydrocarbon gas analysis solution

• Single channel/single thermal conductivity detector (TCD)
• Rugged packed columns, no degradation from H2O, NH3 or other common
contaminants
• Limited hydrogen detection range (see Model 1101 for full range capability)
• 35 - 40 minute analysis time (see Model 1015 for faster analysis time)
• Plumbed in sulfur-resistant materials to enhance H2S detection
Typical Chromatogram
5
Published methods met: ASTM D1945, ASTM D1946, ASTM D2597, UOP 539-73, UOP 709, DIN
51872-4
Compounds separated: H2; O2; N2; CO2; CO; H2S; C1 through C5; C5=, C6+ composite peak
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2 - 1 to 10%; H2S - 0.02 to 100%; C1 through
C5 - 0.001 to 100% on FID; C5=, C6+ composite peak - 0.002 to 40%; O2, N2, CO2, CO, C1 and
C2 hydrocarbons on TCD - 0.01 to 100%
• Rapid, 15-minute analysis time

• Dual channel/thermal conductivity detector and flame ionization detector (TCD/FID)
contaminants
• Critical 1-butene/isobutylene separation
• Includes Model 3062 Software, which contains a merge program to combine
multichannel data into one report
Typical Chromatograms
Propane
Ethane,Ethylene
i-Butane
Methane
Propylene
n-Butane
1,3-Butadiene
C5=,C6+
t-Butene-2
c-Butene-2
1-Butene
Propadiene
15 Minutes
n-Pentane
Acetylene
i-Pentane
Channel one - TCD Channel two - FID

6
51872-4
composite peak
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2 - 1 to 10%; H2S - 0.02 to 100%; C5=, C6+,
H2O, NH3 composite peak - 0.2 to 40%; all other components - 0.01 to 100%

• Dual channel/dual thermal conductivity detector (TCD/TCD)
contaminants
• Critical butane-1/isobutylene separation
Methane, Air
Ethane, Ethylene
Propane
C5=, C6+, H2O, NH3
i-Butane
Propylene
1,3-Butadiene
n-Butane
Acetylene
t-Butene-2
15 Minutes
Butene-1
CO2
c-Butene-2
Propadiene
i-Butylene
n-Pentane
i-Pentane
H2S
Channel one - TCD Channel two - TCD
7
Published methods met: ASTM D1945, ASTM D1946, ASTM D2597, UOP 539-73, UOP 539-86,
DIN 51872-4
Compounds separated: He; H2; O2; N2; CO2; CO; H2S; C1 through C5; C5=, C6+, H2O, NH3
composite peak
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2S - 0.1 to 25%; all other components - 0.01
to 100% except the C5=, C6+, H2O, NH3 composite peak - 0.01 to 40%
Application note reference number with technical details: D-6620, D-6651, D-6653
• Full-range hydrogen detection using separate channel with nitrogen carrier gas
contaminants
8
UOP 709, DIN 51872-4
Compounds separated: He; H2; O2; N2; CO2; CO; H2S; C1 through C5; C5=, C6+ composite peak
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2S - 0.02 to 100%; C1 through C5 - 0.001 to
100% on FID; C5=, C6+ composite peak - 0.002 to 40%; He, H2, O2, N2, CO2, CO, C1, C2
hydrocarbons on TCD - 0.01 to 100%

• Three channel/dual thermal conductivity detector and flame ionization detector
(TCD/TCD/FID)
contaminants
Propane
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Ethane,Ethylene
i-Butane
Methane
Propylene
n-Butane
1,3-Butadiene
C5=,C6+
t-Butene-2
c-Butene-2
1-Butene
Methane
Propadiene
15 Minutes
n-Pentane
Ethane
Acetylene
CO2
Ethylene
Acetylene
15 Minutes
i-Pentane
Oxygen
H2S
CO
Channel one and two - TCD/TCD Channel three - FID

(electronically combined into one output )
9
UOP 709, DIN 51872-4
composite peak
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2S - 0.02 to 100%; C5=, C6+, H2O, NH3
composite peak - 0.2 to 40%; all other components - 0.01 to 100%

• Three channel/three thermal conductivity detector (TCD/TCD/TCD)
contaminants
• Critical 1-butene (butene-1)/isobutylene separation
Methane, Air
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Ethane, Ethylene
Propane
C5=, C6+, H2O, NH3
i-Butane
Propylene
1,3-Butadiene
n-Butane
Methane
Acetylene
Ethane
t-Butene-2
15 Minutes
CO2
Butene-1
CO2
c-Butene-2
Ethylene
Acetylene
Propadiene
i-Butylene
15 Minutes
n-Pentane
i-Pentane
Oxygen
H2S
H2S
CO
Channel one and two - TCD/TCD

Channel three - TCD
(electronically combined into one output)
10
Published methods met: ASTM D1945, ASTM D1946, ASTM D2597, UOP 539-73, DIN 51872-4
Types of sample analyzed: Gas, liquid, pressurized liquid
composite peak
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2 - 1 to 10%; H2S - 0.1 to 25%; all other
components - 0.01 to 100% except the C5=, C6+, H2O, NH3 composite peak - 0.01 to 40%
• Added liquid-sampling capability to Model 1001

• Includes sample-loop purge feature that prevents contamination when changing
sample types, a secondary filter and back pressure regulation for proper liquid
sample introduction, plus a vaporization zone for proper liquid sample injection
contaminants
• Limited hydrogen detection range (see Model 1101 for full-range capability)
11
51872-4
Compounds separated: H2; O2; N2; CO2; CO; H2S; C1 through C5; C5=, C6+ composite peak
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2 - 1 to 10%; H2S - 0.02 to 100%; C1 through
C5 - 0.001 to 100% on FID; C5=, C6+ composite peak - 0.002 to 40%; O2, N2, CO2, CO, C1, C2s
on TCD - 0.01 to 100%

• Added liquid-sampling capability to FID channel of Model 1015
• Dual channel/thermal conductivity detector and flame ionization detector (TCD/FID)
contaminants
Propane
Ethane,Ethylene
i-Butane
Methane
Propylene
n-Butane
1,3-Butadiene
C5=,C6+
t-Butene-2
c-Butene-2
1-Butene
Propadiene
15 Minutes
n-Pentane
Acetylene
i-Pentane

12
51872-4
composite peak
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2 - 1 to 10%; H2S - 0.02 to 100%; C5=, C6+,
H2O, NH3 composite peak - 0.2 to 40%; all other components - 0.01 to 100%

• Added liquid-sampling capability to hydrocarbon channel of Model 1016
contaminants
• Critical butene – 1/isobutylene separation
Methane, Air
Ethane, Ethylene
Propane
C5=, C6+, H2O, NH3
i-Butane
Propylene
1,3-Butadiene
n-Butane
Acetylene
t-Butene-2
15 Minutes
Butene-1
CO2
c-Butene-2
Propadiene
i-Butylene
n-Pentane
i-Pentane
H2S
Channel one - TCD Channel two - TCD

13
DIN 51872-4
composite peak
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2S - 0.1 to 25%; all other components - 0.01
to 100% except the C5=, C6+, H2O, NH3 composite peak - 0.01 to 40%
Application note reference number with technical details: D-6620, D-6651, D-6652, D-6653
contaminants
14
UOP 709, DIN 51872-4
Compounds separated: He; H2; O2; N2; CO2; CO; H2S; C1 through C5; C5=, C6+ composite peak
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2S - 0.02 to 100%; C1 through C5 - 0.001 to
100% on FID; C5=, C6+ composite peak - 0.002 to 40%; He, H2, O2, N2, CO2, CO, C1 and C2
hydrocarbons on TCD - 0.01 to 100%

• Three channel / dual thermal conductivity detector and flame ionization detector
(TCD/TCD/FID)
contaminants
Propane
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Ethane,Ethylene
i-Butane
Methane
Propylene
n-Butane
1,3-Butadiene
C5=,C6+
t-Butene-2
c-Butene-2
1-Butene
Methane
Propadiene
15 Minutes
n-Pentane
Ethane
Acetylene
CO2
Ethylene
Acetylene
15 Minutes
i-Pentane
Oxygen
H2S
CO
Channel one and two - TCD/TCD 15 Channel three - FID

(electronically combined into one output)
UOP 709, DIN 51872-4
composite peak
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2S - 0.02 to 100%; C5=, C6+, H2O, NH3
composite peak - 0.2 to 40%; all other components - 0.01 to 100%

• Three channel/three thermal conductivity detector (TCD/TCD/TCD)
contaminants
• Critical butane-1/isobutylene separation
Methane, Air
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Ethane, Ethylene
Propane
C5=, C6+, H2O, NH3
i-Butane
Propylene
1,3-Butadiene
n-Butane
Methane
Acetylene
Ethane
t-Butene-2
15 Minutes
CO2
Butene-1
CO2
c-Butene-2
Ethylene
Propadiene
Acetylene
i-Butylene
15 Minutes
n-Pentane
i-Pentane
Oxygen
H2S
H2S
CO
Channel one and two - TCD/TCD Channel three - TCD

(electronically combined into one output ) 16
Natural
Model 2000
Model 2001
Model 2002
Model 2003
Model 2006
Model 2008
Model 2009
Model 2010
Model 2100
Model 2101
Model 2102
Model 2103
Model 2106
Model 2108
Model 2109
Model 2110
Model 2200
Model 2201
Model 2202
Model 2203
Model 2206
Model 2208
Model 2209
Model 2210
Model 2300
Model 2301
Model 2302
Model 2303
Model 2306
Model 2310
Natural Gas Analyzer Model 2000
Published methods met: ASTM D1945 (precision statement only)

Compounds separated: C1 through C5; C6+ composite
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: All components except C6+ - 0.005 to 100%,
C6+ - 0.005 to 10%
Application note reference number with technical details: D-6622, D-6623

• Simple, low-cost solution
• Single channel/single FID
• Only hydrocarbons detected and measured, no interference from air or CO2
• Designed so that the lowest boiling C6 (2,2-dimethylbutane) is included in the
backflush.
• Rugged packed columns, no degradation from common contaminants
• Model 3062 Software available containing template for heating value calculation and
other sample specifications
• This analyzer is for natural gas. Natural gas does not contain light hydrocarbon
unsaturates. LPG samples can not be analyzed on this analyzer without
modification. See Model 4036 or Model 4037, which meets ASTM D2163 methodology
for LPG.
Methane
Ethane
Propane
n - Butane
i - Butane
n - Pentane
i - Pentane
C6+
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (min)
All compounds measured by FID

18
Published methods met: ASTM D1945, GPA 2261, ISO 6568, ISO 6974-5, DIN 51872-5
Compounds separated: O2, N2 composite; CO2; H2S; C1 through C5; C6+ composite
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: O2, N2 composite and CO2 – 0.01 to 20%, C1
through C5 - 0.01 to 100%, H2S - 0.1 to 25%, C6+ composite - 0.01 to 10%

• Simple, low-cost solution
• No separation and measurement of O2 and N2 individually
backflush.
for LPG analysis
Methane
O2/N2
Ethane
Propane
C6+
n - Butane
i - Butane
n - Pentane
i - Pentane
H2S
CO2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (min)
19
Published methods met: ASTM D1945, GPA 2261, ISO 6974-5, DIN 51872-5
Compounds separated: Ar; O2, N2 composite; CO2; H2S; C1 through C5; C6+ composite
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Ar – 0.01 to 4%, H2S - 0.1 to 5%, C6+
composite - 0.01 to 10%, all other components - 0.01 to 100%,

• Baseline separation of O2, N2 composite and methane, argon measurement
backflush.
for LPG analysis.
Methane
O2 / N 2
Propane
Ethane
n - Butane
Argon
i - Butane
n - Pentane
i - Pentane
H2S
C6+
CO2
10 20
Time (min)
20
Published methods met: ASTM D1945, ASTM D1946, GPA 2261, DIN 51872-5
Compounds separated: O2; N2; CO2; H2S; C1 through C5; C6+ composite
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: O2 and C6+ composite - 0.01 to 10%, N2 –
0.01 to 20%, H2S - 0.1 to 5%, CO2 and C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%,

• Separation and measurement of O2 and N2 individually
backflush.
for LPG analysis.
Methane
Nitrogen
Ethane
Propane
C6+
n-Butane
Oxygen
i-Butane
n-Pentane
i-Pentane
H2S
CO2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (min)
21
Published methods met: None
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Channel one (TCD): O2, N2 composite and
CO2 – 0.01 to 20%, C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%, H2S - 0.1 to 25%, C6+ composite - 0.01 to
10%, Channel two (FID): C4 to C10 - 0.005 to 100% (depends upon split ratio)

• Capillary channel added to Model 2001
• Dual channel/thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID)
backflush on TCD channel.
• Packed and capillary columns, extended hydrocarbon analysis to C10
for LPG analysis.
Methane
Hexane
Heptane
p-Xylene
Pentanes
O2/N2
Ethane
Octane
n-Propylbenzene
n-Butylbenzene
Propane
Butanes
C6+
n - Butane
i - Butane
Decane
n - Pentane
i - Pentane
H2S
CO2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 10 20
Time (min) Time (min)

22
Published methods met: ASTM D1946, GPA 2286, IP 345, ISO 6975
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Channel one (TCD): O2 and C6+ composite -
0.01 to 10%, N2 – 0.01 to 20%, H2S - 0.1 to 5%, CO2 and C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%
Channel two (FID): C4 to C10 - 0.005 to 100% (depends upon split ratio)

for LPG analysis.
Methane
Nitrogen
Hexane
Heptane
p-Xylene
Pentanes
Octane
n-Propylbenzene
Ethane
Propane
n-Butylbenzene
C6+
Butanes
n-Butane
Decane
Oxygen
i-Butane
n-Pentane
i-Pentane
H2S
CO2
10 20
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (min)
Time (min)
23
Compounds separated: O2; N2; CO2; H2S; C1 through C10
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Channel one (TCD): O2 - 0.01 to 10%,
N2 – 0.01 to 20%, H2S - 0.1 to 5%, CO2 and C1 through C4 - 0.01 to 100% Channel two (FID):
C4 to C10 - 0.005 to 100% (depends upon split ratio)

• “Fast Model 2008” – C4 + compounds backflushed to vent on TCD channel
for LPG analysis.
Hexane
Heptane
p-Xylene
Pentanes
Octane
n-Propylbenzene
n-Butylbenzene
Butanes
Decane
10 20
Time (min)
24
Published methods met: ASTM D1945, GPA 2261, ISO 6974-5
CO2 – 0.01 to 20%; He, H2, C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%; H2S - 0.1 to 25% Channel two
(FID): C6+ composite - 0.001 to 100%

• Model 2001 with C6+ backflush to FID channel (no water interference/better sensitivity)
• Three channel (TCD/TCD/FID)
backflush.
for LPG analysis.
Methane
Air
Ethane
Propane
Carbon Dioxide
N-Butane
i-Butane
n-Pentane
I-Pentane
H2S
TCD channel – C6+ backflushed to FID
25

Compounds separated: He; H2; C1 through C5; C6+ composite
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: He, H2 – 0.01 to 100%; all other components
except C6+ composite - 0.005 to 100%; C6+ - 0.005 to 10%

• Dual channel/thermal conductivity detector, flame ionization detector (TCD/FID)
• Hydrocarbons detected and measured, no interference from air or CO2
backflush.
• Model 3062 Software included containing template for heating value calculation and
other sample specifications, plus merge and custom report formatting
for LPG analysis.
H2 measured by TCD and the remaining compounds

measured by FID
26
Published methods met: ASTM D1945, GPA 2261, ISO 6568, ISO 6974-5, DIN 51872-5
Compounds separated: He; H2; O2, N2 composite; CO2; H2S; C1 through C5; C6+ composite
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: He, H2, C1 through C5 – 0.01 to 100%; O2, N2
composite and CO2 – 0.01 to 20%, H2S - 0.1 to 25%, C6+ composite - 0.01 to 10%

backflush.
for LPG analysis.
H2 measured in one TCD utilizing a nitrogen carrier gas and

the remaining compounds measured in a second TCD utilizing
a helium carrier gas.
27
Compounds separated: He; H2; Ar; O2, N2 composite; CO2; H2S; C1 through C5; C6+ composite

backflush.
for LPG analysis.
H2 measured in one TCD utilizing a nitrogen carrier gas and the remaining
compounds measured in a second TCD utilizing a helium carrier gas.
28
Compounds separated: He; H2; O2; N2; CO2; H2S; C1 through C5; C6+ composite
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: O2 and C6+ composite - 0.01 to 10%; N2 –
0.01 to 20%; H2S - 0.1 to 5%; He, H2, CO2 and C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%,

backflush.
for LPG analysis.
H2 measured in one TCD utilizing a nitrogen carrier gas and

the remaining compounds measured in a second TCD utilizing
a helium carrier gas.
29
CO2 – 0.01 to 20%; He, H2, C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%; H2S - 0.1 to 25%; C6+ composite -
0.01 to 10%; Channel two (FID): C4 to C10 - 0.005 to 100% (depends upon split ratio)

• Three channel/ two thermal conductivity detector, flame ionization detector
(TCD/TCD/FID)
for LPG analysis.
p-Xylene
Hexane
Heptane
Pentanes
Octane
n-Propylbenzene
n-Butylbenzene
Butanes
Decane
10 20
Time (min)
Channel one and two – TCD/TCD Channel two - FID

30
Published methods met: ASTM D1946, GPA 2286, IP 345, ISO 6974E, ISO 6974-3, ISO 6975
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Channel one (TCD): He, H2, O2 and C6+
composite - 0.01 to 10%; N2 – 0.01 to 20%; H2S - 0.1 to 5%; CO2 and C1 through C5 - 0.01 to
100% Channel two (FID): C4 to C10 - 0.005 to 100% (depends upon split ratio)

for LPG analysis.
Hexane
Heptane
p-Xylene
Pentanes
Octane
n-Propylbenzene
n-Butylbenzene
Butanes
Decane
10 20
Time (min)
Channel one and two - TCD Channel three - FID
31
Compounds separated: He; H2; O2; N2; CO2; H2S; C1 through C10
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Channel one (TCD): O2 - 0.01 to 10%;
N2 – 0.01 to 20%; H2S - 0.1 to 5%; He, H2, CO2 and C1 through C4 - 0.01 to 100% Channel two
(FID): C4 to C10 - 0.005 to 100% (depends upon split ratio)

• “Fast Model 2008” – C4 + compounds backflushed to vent on main TCD channel
for LPG analysis.
Hexane
Heptane
p-Xylene
Pentanes
Octane
n-Propylbenzene
n-Butylbenzene
Butanes
Decane
10 20
Time (min)
Channel one and two – TCD/TCD Channel two - FID
32

• Model 2101 with C6+ backflush to FID channel (no water interference/better sensitivity)
backflush.
for LPG analysis.
Methane
Air
Ethane
Propane
Carbon Dioxide
N-Butane
i-Butane
n-Pentane
I-Pentane
H2S
He, H2 measured by TCD using Nitrogen carrier gas. C6+

backflushed to FID, all other compounds measured using
TCD with Helium carrier gas.
33

Compounds separated: C1 through C5; C6+ composite
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: All components except C6+ - 0.005 to 100%,
C6+ - 0.005 to 10%

• Only hydrocarbons detected and measured, no interference from air or CO2
backflush.
for LPG analysis.
Methane
Ethane
Propane
n - Butane
i - Butane
n - Pentane
i - Pentane
C6+
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (min)
All compounds measured by FID
34
Published methods met: ASTM D1945, GPA 2177, GPA 2261, ISO 6568, ISO 6974-5,
DIN 51872-5
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: O2, N2 composite and CO2 – 0.01 to 20%, C1
through C5 - 0.01 to 100%, H2S - 0.1 to 25%, C6+ composite - 0.01 to 10%

• Single channel/single TCD
backflush.
for LPG analysis.
Methane
O2/N2
Ethane
Propane
C6+
n - Butane
i - Butane
n - Pentane
i - Pentane
H2S
CO2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (min)
35
Compounds separated: Ar; O2, N2 composite; CO2; H2S; C1 through C5; C6+ composite

backflush.
for LPG analysis.
Methane
O2 / N2
Propane
Ethane
n - Butane
Argon
i - Butane
n - Pentane
i - Pentane
H2S
C6+
CO2
10 20
Time (min)
36
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: O2 and C6+ composite - 0.01 to 10%, N2 –
0.01 to 20%, H2S - 0.1 to 5%, CO2 and C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%,

backflush.
for LPG analysis.
Methane
Nitrogen
Ethane
Propane
C6+
n-Butane
Oxygen
i-Butane
n-Pentane
i-Pentane
H 2S
CO2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (min)
37
CO2 – 0.01 to 20%, C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%, H2S - 0.1 to 25%, C6+ composite - 0.01 to
10%, Channel two (FID): C4 to C10 - 0.005 to 100% (depends upon split ratio)

• Added liquid sampling capability to Model 2006
for LPG analysis.
Methane
Pentanes
Hexane
Heptane
p-Xylene
O2/N2
Ethane
Octane
n-Propylbenzene
n-Butylbenzene
Propane
C6+
Butanes
n - Butane
i - Butane
Decane
n - Pentane
i - Pentane
H2S
CO2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 10 20
Time (min) Time (min)
Channel one - TCD 38 Channel two - FID

Published methods met: ASTM D1946, GPA 2165, GPA 2186, GPA 2286, IP 345, ISO 6975
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Channel one (TCD): O2 and C6+ composite -
0.01 to 10%, N2 – 0.01 to 20%, H2S - 0.1 to 5%, CO2 and C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%
Channel two (FID): C4 to C10 - 0.005 to 100% (depends upon split ratio)

for LPG analysis.
Methane
Nitrogen
Hexane
Heptane
p-Xylene
Pentanes
Octane
n-Propylbenzene
Ethane
Propane
n-Butylbenzene
C6+
Butanes
n-Butane
Oxygen
Decane
i-Butane
n-Pentane
i-Pentane
H2S
CO2
10 20
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (min)
Time (min)

39
Compounds separated: O2; N2; CO2; H2S; C1 through C10
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Channel one (TCD): O2 - 0.01 to 10%;
N2 – 0.01 to 20%; H2S - 0.1 to 5%; CO2 and C1 through C4 - 0.01 to 100% Channel two (FID):
C4 to C10 - 0.005 to 100% (depends upon split ratio)

• “Fast Model 2008” – C4 + compounds backflushed to vent on TCD channel
for LPG analysis.
Hexane
Heptane
p-Xylene
Pentanes
Octane
n-Propylbenzene
n-Butylbenzene
Butanes
Decane
10 20
Time (min)
Channel one – TCD Channel two - FID
40
CO2 – 0.01 to 20%, C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%, H2S - 0.1 to 25%, Channel two (FID): C6+
composite - 0.001 to 100%

• Model 2201 with C6+ backflush to FID channel (no water interference, better sensitivity)
backflush.
for LPG analysis.
TCD channel – C6+ backflushed to FID

41
Compounds separated: He; H2; C1 through C5; C6+ composite
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: He, H2 – 0.01 to 100%; all other components
except C6+ - 0.005 to 100%; C6+ - 0.005 to 10%

• Added liquid-sampling capability on FID channel of Model 2100
• Dual channel/thermal conductivity detector, flame ionization detector (TCD/FID)
• Hydrocarbons detected and measured, no interference from air or CO2
backflush.
• Model 3062 Software included containing template for heating value calculation and
other sample specifications, plus merge and custom report formatting
for LPG analysis.
H2 measured by TCD and the remaining compounds

measured by FID
42
Published methods met: ASTM D1945, GPA 2177, GPA 2261, ISO 6568, ISO 6974-5,
DIN 51872-5
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: He, H2, C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%, O2, N2
composite and CO2 – 0.01 to 20%, H2S - 0.1 to 25%, C6+ composite - 0.01 to 10%

backflush.
for LPG analysis.
43
Compounds separated: He; H2; Ar; O2, N2 composite; CO2; H2S; C1 through C5; C6+ composite

backflush.
for LPG analysis.
44
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: O2 and C6+ composite - 0.01 to 10%; N2 –
0.01 to 20%; H2S - 0.1 to 5%; He, H2, CO2 and C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%,

backflush.
for LPG analysis.
45
CO2 – 0.01 to 20%; He, H2, C1 through C5 - 0.01 to 100%; H2S - 0.1 to 25%; C6+ composite -
0.01 to 10%; Channel two (FID): C4 to C10 - 0.005 to 100% (depends upon split ratio)

• Model 3062 Software available containing template for heating value calculation
for LPG analysis.
Hexane
Heptane
p-Xylene
Pentanes
Octane
n-Propylbenzene
n-Butylbenzene
Butanes
Decane
10 20
Time (min)
Channel one and two – TCD/TCD Channel three - FID

46

• Model 2301 with C6+ backflush to FID channel (no water interference, better sensitivity)
backflush.
for LPG analysis.
He, H2 measured by TCD using Nitrogen carrier gas. C6+ backflushed to

FID, all other compounds measured using TCD using Helium carrier gas.
47
Simulated Distillation Software
Simulat
Simulated Distillation Software
and Software Enhancements
Model 3012
Model 3013
Model 3062
Simulated Distillation Software Model 3012
Software Description
Published methods met: ASTM D2887, ASTM D3710, ASTM D5307
Types of sample analyzed: Liquid
Compounds analyzed: C4 through C110, depending upon method
• Runs with PerkinElmer TotalChrom and Turbochrom Workstation or Client Server

software
• Up to eight Sim Dis analyzers per each software license
• Step-by-step instruction manual
• Long and short reporting formats
• Cut point reports
• Setup templates for each Sim Dis Method
• Auto sequence multiple methods
• Batch reprocessing
• Reports to printer, disk or screen
Typical Chromatogram and Report
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Chromatogram of Reference Gas Oil (RGO) standard for

ASTM D2887
ASTM D2887 report for the RGO sample
49
Simulated Distillation Software Model 3013
Compounds analyzed: C4 through C110, depending upon method
• Model 3013 includes method development, using Model 3012 Software

• Customer purchases total system specified for their desired methodology
• Sampling procedure and report format developed
• Chromatographic parameters established for the method
• Column identified
• Operating conditions identified
• Calibration material chosen
• Calibration and actual customer sample run, if supplied
• Sample interpreted
• Sample run at on-site installation by PerkinElmer
Typical Chromatogram and Report
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Chromatogram of Reference Gas Oil (RGO) standard for

ASTM D2887
ASTM D2887 report for the RGO sample
50
Software Enhancements Model 3062
Software Description
Published methods met: ASTM D3588
Types of sample analyzed: All

• Combine two Turbochrom or TotalChrom reports into a single report
• Full computational power of Excel™
• Full reporting power of Excel
• Translation of report into local language
• Automatic output to paper and/or computer file path
• Typical uses include Natural gas computations using the supplied template and
multiple detector analyzers report merge
• Changing the Turbochrom or TotalChrom report to match a company format
• Special calculations based upon measured concentrations
• Examples supplied include two detector-bridged Natural Gas Analyzer heat calculation
and Refinery Gas Analyzer two-integrator channel merge
Typical Heating Calculation Report

Sample Name: 3062 Demo Time: 08/07/98 12:05:42 PM
Operator: M. Taylor Study: Default Sequence
Instrument: TABLE_2_________(2B) Data Acquisition Time: 06/06/97 01:50:24 PM
Compressibility: 0.9977
Heat (Saturated): 1045.63
Heat (Dry): 1064.15
Specific Gravity (R 0.6484
Sequence File: C:\Userprog\Tc6demo\Nga\Nga32.seq

Inst Method: C:\TC4\1METHOD\2306F from c:\userprog\tc6demo\nga\pack.rst
Channel:B
Raw Data File: c:\userprog\tc6demo\nga\pack.raw
Result File: c:\userprog\tc6demo\nga\pack.rst
Proc Method: C:\USERPROG\tc6DEMO\NGA\PACKED.mth
Calib Method: C:\USERPROG\tc6DEMO\NGA\PACKED.mth
Channel:A
Raw Data File: c:\userprog\tc6demo\nga\cap.raw
Result File: c:\userprog\tc6demo\nga\cap.rst
Proc Method: C:\USERPROG\tc6DEMO\NGA\CAP.mth
Calib Method: C:\USERPROG\tc6DEMO\NGA\CAP.mth
A/B Component Mol % Mol Fraction Mol FractioSpecific GrCalorific Compressibilty Rleative Density Calorific Value Compressibility
Name Bridged Normalizedfraction Fraction Fraction Btu/ft3 sqr rt (b)
B Hydrogen 5 0.05001 0.05 0.00348 16.25 0.0696 324.9

B Air 3.85 0.03849 0.03848 0.03848 0 0.00078 1 0.0202
B Argon 0.99 0.00995 0.00994 0.01372 0 0.00027 1.3792 0.0276
B Methane 81.52 0.81524 0.81502 0.45144 824.8 0.03553 0.5539 1012 0.0436
B CO2 0.41 0.00408 0.00407 0.00619 0 0.00026 1.5194 0.064
B Ethane 3 0.03002 0.03001 0.03116 53.21 0.00275 1.0382 1772.9 0.0917
B Propane 2.02 0.02021 0.0202 0.03075 50.96 0.00271 1.5224 2523 0.1342
B i-Butane 1.01 0.01011 0.01011 0.02029 32.96 0.00185 2.0067 3260.1 0.1825
B n-Butane 0.99 0.00989 0.00989 0.01984 32.32 0.00176 2.0067 3269.6 0.178
B i-Pentane 0.49 0.00493 0.00493 0.01228 19.76 0.00117 2.491 4009.4 0.2376
B n-Pentane 0.48 0.00479 0.00478 0.01192 19.22 0.00114 2.491 4018.5 0.2377
A i-Pentane 0.49
A n-Pentane 0.48
A 2,2-dimethylButane 0.26 0.00256 0.00256 0.00761 12.16 0.00072 2.9753 4758 0.283
1.00028 1 0.64715 511061.65 0.04895
Trace S
Model 4025
Model 4026
Model 4027
Model 4028
Model 4029
Model 4227
Model 4229
Model 4425
Model 4428
Model 4429
Model 4629
Trace Sulfur Components Analyzer
Model 4025
Compounds separated: H2S, SO2, COS, mercaptans, aromatic sulfur compounds, sulfides
Guaranteed detection levels: less than 10 ppb

• Analyzes samples such as refinery gas, natural gas, process gas, and Kraft gas
• Uses a Sievers Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector (SCD)
• The SCD has an equimolar response to sulfur compounds, lack of carbon

interference and requires simple calibration
• Capillary column solution
• Can be modified with a second or third channel to perform additional analyses
• Can be modified to analyze liquid and pressurized liquid samples (Model 4028)
• Can be designed to be on-line and/or a multistream system
COS
SO2
H2 S
Propylmercaptan
Methylmercaptan
t-Butylmercaptan
Ethylmercaptan
Dimethylsulfide
53
Model 4026
Types of sample analyzed: Liquid, pressurized liquid (valve injection)

• Analyzes samples such as LPG, naphtha, gasoline and other liquid petroleum products
• The SCD has an equimolar response to sulfur compounds, lack of carbon interference
and requires simple calibration
• Can be modified with a second or third channel to perform additional analyzes
• Can be modified to analyze gas samples (Model 4028)
COS
SO2
H2 S
Propylmercaptan
Methylmercaptan
t-Butylmercaptan
Ethylmercaptan
Dimethylsulfide
54
Model 4027
Types of sample analyzed: Liquid (syringe injection)

• Analyzes samples such as naphtha, gasoline and other liquid petroleum products
that can be syringe injected

COS
SO2
H2 S
Propylmercaptan
Methylmercaptan
t-Butylmercaptan
Ethylmercaptan
Dimethylsulfide
55
Model 4028

• Analyzes samples such as refinery gas, natural gas, process gas, Kraft gas, LPG,
naphtha, gasoline and other gaseous and liquid petroleum products

• Dual-capillary column solution
• Can be modified with a second or third channel to perform additional analyzes
COS
SO2
H2 S
Propylmercaptan
Methylmercaptan
t-Butylmercaptan
Ethylmercaptan
Dimethylsulfide
56
Model 4029
Types of sample analyzed: Gas, liquid

• Analyzes samples such as refinery gas, natural gas, process gas, Kraft gas, naphtha,
gasoline and other liquid petroleum products that can be syringe injected

• Can be modified to analyze pressurized liquid samples by adding a liquid sampling

valve (Model 4229)

COS
SO2
H 2S
Propylmercaptan
Methylmercaptan
t-Butylmercaptan
Ethylmercaptan
Dimethylsulfide
57
Model 4227
Types of sample analyzed: Liquid (syringe injection), liquid and pressurized liquid (valve
injection

• Analyzes samples like naphtha, gasoline and other liquid petroleum products that
can be syringe injected

• Includes a secondary filter and back-pressure regulation for proper liquid

sample introduction
COS
SO2
H2S
Propylmercaptan
Methylmercaptan
t-Butylmercaptan
Ethylmercaptan
Dimethylsulfide
58
Model 4229

• Analyzes samples like refinery gas, natural gas, process gas, Kraft gas, LPG,
naphtha, gasoline and other liquid petroleum products
• Uses a Sievers Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector (SCD). The SCD has an

equimolar response to sulfur compounds, lack of carbon interference and requires
simple calibration

COS
SO2
H2S
Propylmercaptan
Methylmercaptan
t-Butylmercaptan
Ethylmercaptan
Dimethylsulfide
59
Models 4425, 4428, 4429 and 4629

• Adds an integrated permeation tube chamber for calibration option to Trace Sulfur
Components Analyzer Models 4025, 4028, 4029 and 4229
• Saves both space and cost
• Mounts on top of the analyzer for easy access
• Manual valve is used to select the calibration chamber or the sample input
• Permeation tube chamber can accommodate up to four permeation tubes or wafers

for calibration of other non sulfur compounds
• Includes certified dimethyl-sulfide permeation tube
• Permeation tube shipped with the product is tested with the analyzer, against an NBS
traceable calibrator for accuracy
Chamber Schematic
60
Other Analyzers
Other Analyzers
Analyzers for Light Gas, Chlorine, Transformer Oil Gas,
LPG and Simulated Distillation through Detailed
Hydrocarbon Analyses
Model 4001 Model 4018

Model 4017
Standard Method (ASTM D4815)
Analyzers Model 4001/4002
Published methods met: ASTM D4815-99
Types of sample analyzed: liquid
Compounds separated: Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, n-propanol, MTBE, sec-
butanol, DIPE, isobutanol, ETBE, tert-pentanol, n-butanol, benzene, TAME, heavy
hydrocarbons
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: MTBE, DIPE, ETBE, TAME – 0.1 to 20%; all
other components – 0.1 to 12%
• Guaranteed to meet the scope of ASTM D4815-99 methodology
• Fully automated
• Low cost of operation
• Available with thermal conductivity detector (Model 4001) or flame ionization detector
(Model 4002)
• The determination of benzene, separated by this valve/column system, is not

qualified by this method. To analyze benzene, refer to Model 4013 (ASTM D3606) or
Model 4006 (ASTM D4420). Model 4013 or Model 4006 can be incorporated as a
second channel in the Model 4001/4002 (see Models 4009, 4010 or 4007, 4008).
62
Transformer Oil Gas Analyzer
Model 4003/4081
Published methods met: ASTM D3612-01
Compounds separated: H2, O2, N2, CO2, CO, CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, C3 and C4 hydrocarbons
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: CO2, CO, CH4, C2H6, C2H4 – 1.0 ppm; C2H2 -
2.0 ppm; C3s, C4s – 3.0 ppm; H2 – 50 ppm; O2, N2 – 500 ppm

• Model 4081 Transformer Oil Gas Extraction Apparatus and Model 4003 Analyzer meets
the scope of ASTM D3612-01, Method A
• Dual detector (TCD/FID)
• Model 4003 can be connected to a Headspace Sampler to meet ASTM D3612-01,

Method C
• Purged sampling valve housing on Model 4003 Analyzer
• Passivated tubing for optimum CO response
• Injection port and gas sampling valve for various sample introductions
• High capacity methanizer

Nitrogen
Ethane
Carbon Dioxide
Ethylene
Methane
Carbon Monoxide
Acetylene
Oxygen
Hydrogen
63
Standard Method (ASTM D4815/D5580)
Analyzer Model 4004
Published methods met: ASTM D4815, ASTM D5580
Types of sample analyzed: Finished gasoline
Compounds separated: (ASTM D4815): Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, n-
propanol, MTBE, sec-butanol, DIPE, isobutanol, ETBE, tert-pentanol, n-butanol, benzene,
TAME, heavy hydrocarbons; (ASTM D5580): Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p/m-xylene,
o-xylene, C9 and heavier aromatics, total aromatics
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: (ASTM D4815): MTBE, DIPE, ETBE, TAME –
0.1 to 20%; all other components – 0.1 to 12%; (ASTM D5580): (all v%) Benzene – 0.1 to 5%,
toluene – 1 to 15%, individual C8 aromatics – 0.5 to 10%, total C9 and heavier aromatics – 5
to 30%, total aromatics – 10 to 80%

• Analyzer has the capability to determine the ether and alcohol additives (see Model
4001/4002), as well as the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and other aromatics, as
required, (see Model 4005) in gasoline
• The same column system is utilized for both methods
• ASTM D5580 requires a flame ionization detector (FID). For this reason and since the
same column system is utilized for both methods, only the FID performing ASTM
D4815 is appropriate for this analyzer
• See Models 4002 and 4005 for more details
ASTM D4815 analysis ASTM D5580 analysis 1 ASTM D5580 analysis 2
64
Standard Method (ASTM D5580) Analyzer
Model 4005
Types of sample analyzed: Finished Gasoline
Compounds separated: Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p/m-xylene, o-xylene, C9 and heavier
aromatics, total aromatics
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: (all v%) Benzene – 0.1 to 5%, toluene – 1 to
15%, individual C8 aromatics – 0.5 to 10%, total C9 and heavier aromatics – 5 to 30%, total
aromatics – 10 to 80%

• Aromatic hydrocarbons are separated without interferences from other hydrocarbons
in the sample
• Nonaromatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point greater than n-dodecane may cause
interferences with the C9 and heavier aromatics
• For the C8 aromatics, p-xylene and m-xylene coelute, ethylbenzene and o-xylene
separate
• The C9 and heavier aromatics are measured as a single group
• Two separate analyses are performed. The first, the quantitation of benzene and
toluene. The second, the quantitation of ethylbenzene, p/m-xylene, o-xylene, and the
C9 and heavier aromatics. The results are summed to determine total aromatic
content.
• Alcohols and ethers added to gasoline do not interfere with the analysis
Analysis 1 Analysis 2
65
Model 4006
Types of sample analyzed: Finished Gasoline
Compounds separated: Benzene; toluene; C8, C9 and heavier aromatics, total aromatics
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Benzene - 0.1 to 5V%, toluene – 1 to 20V%,
C8 aromatics – 3 to 25V%, C9 and heavier aromatics – 5 to 30V%, total aromatics – 10 to
80V%

• A sample is injected by syringe into a two column/valve system. Nonaromatics are
vented as they elute column one. Before benzene elutes, the aromatics are
backflushed from column one to column two. Aromatics elute from column two to the
thermal conductivity detector (TCD) in boiling point order. After C8 aromatics have
eluted, column two is backflushed to the TCD to obtain the C9 and heavier aromatics.
Sample results are compared to the analysis of a blend of known aromatic content.
• A knowledge of aromatics in gasolines is needed to access sample results
• This single channel analyzer can have a second channel added, performing another
method or application. The column oven temperature requirement of the second
channel cannot operate above the maximum temperature allowed by Model 4006
(200 oC).
66
Analyzer Model 4007/4008
TAME, heavy hydrocarbons; (ASTM D4420): Benzene; toluene; C8, C9 and heavier
aromatics, total aromatics
0.1 to 20%; all other components – 0.1 to 12%; (ASTM D4420): Benzene - 0.1 to 5V%, toluene
– 1 to 20V%, C8 aromatics – 3 to 25V%, C9 and heavier aromatics – 5 to 30V%, total
aromatics – 10 to 80V%
4001/4002), as well as the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, C8 and other heavier
aromatics, as required, (see Model 4006) in gasoline
• Two separate column systems are utilized for these methods
• See Models 4001/4002 and 4006 for more details
ASTM D4815 analysis ASTM D4420 analysis
67
Analyzer Model 4009/4010

TAME, heavy hydrocarbons; (ASTM D3606): Benzene, toluene
0.1 to 20%; all other components – 0.1 to 12%; (ASTM D3606): Benzene - 0.1 to 5V%, toluene
– 2 to 20V%
4001/4002), as well as the benzene and toluene, as required, (see Model 4013) in
gasoline
ASTM D4815 analysis ASTM D3606 analysis
68
Standard Method (ASTM D4815/D3606-
EPA modified) Analyzer Model 4011/4012
Published methods met: ASTM D4815, ASTM D3606 (EPA modification)

TAME, heavy hydrocarbons; (ASTM D3606-EPA modified): Benzene, toluene
0.1 to 20%; all other components – 0.1 to 12%; (ASTM D3606-EPA modified): Benzene - 0.1
to 5V%, toluene – 2 to 20V%

4001/4002), as well as the benzene and toluene, as required, (see Model 4014) in
gasoline
• EPA modification of ASTM D3606 adds additional column for enhanced benzene –
ethanol (if present) separation. All other specifications and method intent remain
unchanged.
ASTM D4815 analysis ASTM D3606 (EPA modified) analysis
69
Model 4013
Types of sample analyzed: Finished Motor and Aviation Gasoline
Compounds separated: Benzene, toluene
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Benzene – 0.1 to 5V%, toluene – 2 to 20V%

• A sample, containing methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) as an internal standard, is injected by
syringe into two columns in series. The first column separates components by boiling
point. After octane elutes from column one into column two, carrier flow is reversed in
column one. Hydrocarbons heavier than octane are vented. Column two then
separates the octane and lighter components. Aromatic and nonaromatic compounds
are measured with reference to the MEK by thermal conductivity detector (TCD).
• Knowledge of benzene concentration may be an aid in evaluating the toxicity of the

gasoline being analyzed. This method is not intended to evaluate that toxicity,
however.
• This single-channel analyzer can have a second channel added, performing another
(120 oC).
70
Standard Method (ASTM D3606-EPA
modified) Analyzer Model 4014
Published methods met: ASTM D3606 (EPA modification)
Types of sample analyzed: Finished Motor and Aviation Gasoline
Compounds separated: Benzene, toluene
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Benzene – 0.1 to 5V%, toluene – 2 to 20V%
• EPA modification of ASTM D3606 adds additional column for enhanced benzene –
ethanol (if present) separation
• All other specifications and method intent remain unchanged. See Model 4013 for
details
• This single channel analyzer can have a second channel added, performing another
(120 oC).
71
Detailed Hydrocarbon Analyzer
Model 4015
Published methods met: ASTM D5443, ASTM D6623, ASTM D6730, ASTM D6733
Types of sample analyzed: liquid
Compounds separated: Paraffins, Isoparaffins, Naphthenes, Olefins, Aromatics and
Oxygenates (reported by carbon number) through C13
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: All components – 10 ppm

• Detailed analysis of gasolines, naphthas and similar samples that boil below 250 oC
• Software is mated to capillary-column output to obtain detailed hydrocarbon
characteristics
• Reports include individual components, key boiling point data, oxygenates and oxygen
content and multisubstituted aromatics
• Calculated values include percent carbon and hydrogen, vapor pressure, average
molecular weight and density by carbon number, octane rating and bromine number
• Key separated compounds include methylcyclopentene-1/benzene; 2,3,3-
trimethylpentane/toluene and 1,4-dimethylbenzene (p-xylene)/2,3-dimethylheptane
Page One of Typical Report

Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis (DHAX)
Neil G. Johansen, Inc.
Raw File: 0928001002.raw Analyzed: 28 Sep 1999 01:33PM

Sample: Reported: 01 Oct 1999 02:32PM
Method: DHA Initial Gasoline.mth DHA DBase File: 5987A.csv
Processed 445 peaks Normalized to 100.00%
Summary Report
Group Type: Total (mass%) Total (vol%)

Paraffins: 9.471 10.564
I-paraffins: 30.320 33.370
Olefins: 8.131 8.733
Naphthenes: 9.807 9.439
Aromatics: 24.981 20.917
Total C14+: 0.436 0.421
Total Unknowns: 1.384 1.171
Grand Total 100.000 100.000
Oxygenates:
Total: 15.471 (mass%) 15.385 (vol%)
Total Oxygen Content: 2.808 (mass%)
Multisubstituted Aromatics: 18.161 (mass%) 15.313 (vol%)
Average Molecular Weight: 80.291
Relative Density: 0.609
Vapor Pressure calc RVP (EPA method): 3.42 (psi @ 100°F)
Calculated Octane Number: 87.08

72
Light Gas Analyzer Model 4016
Compounds separated: Ar - O2 composite; N2; CH4; CO; CO2; Ethylene; Ethane; Acetylene;
H2S
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: H2S – 0.02 to 100%, all other components –
0.01 to 100%
• Typical analyses are light gases, furnace gases, stack gases, combustion gases,
decoking gases, mine gases
• Packed columns/single thermal conductivity detector (TCD)
• Often used as one channel of an analyzer – very versatile
• Some common added channels are:

- Flame ionization detector (FID) for better hydrocarbon detection
- Methanizer/FID and purged-valve housings for trace CO and CO2 analysis
- Flame photometric detector (FPD) or a Sievers Sulfur Chemiluminescence
Detector (SCD) for trace levels of the light sulfur gases
73
Compounds separated: He; H2; Ar - O2 composite; N2; CH4; CO; CO2; Ethylene; Ethane;
Acetylene; H2S
0.01 to 100%
• Full-range hydrogen detection using separate channel with nitrogen carrier gas added
to Model 4016
• Packed columns/dual Arnel thermal conductivity detector (TCD/TCD)
• Arnel dual TCD allows analyzer to have an added third channel
• Some common added channels are:

- Flame ionization detector (FID) for better hydrocarbon detection
- Methanizer/FID and purged valve housings for trace CO and CO2 analysis
- Flame photometric detector (FPD) or a Sievers Sulfur Chemiluminescence
Detector (SCD) for trace levels of the light sulfur gases
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen
H2S
Ethylene
Acetylene
CO2
Ethane
Methane
CO
74
Compounds separated: Ar; O2; N2; CH4; CO; CO2; Ethylene; Ethane; Acetylene; H2S
0.01 to 100%
• Packed columns/dual thermal conductivity detector (TCD/TCD)
• Third channel added to Model 4016 for Ar – O2 separation and measurement
Nitrogen
Oxygen
13 Minutes
Argon
Channel one – TCD Channel two - TCD
75
Compounds separated: He; H2; Ar; O2; N2; CH4; CO; CO2; Ethylene; Ethane; Acetylene; H2S
0.01 to 100%
• Packed columns/dual Arnel thermal conductivity detector and PerkinElmer thermal

conductivity detector (TCD/TCD/TCD)
• Third channel added to Model 4017 for Ar – O2 separation and measurement
• Arnel dual TCD allows analyzer to have added third channel
Nitrogen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Oxygen
13 Minutes
H2S
Ethylene
Acetylene
CO2
Ethane
Argon
Methane
CO
Channel one and two – TCD/TCD Channel three - TCD
76
Light Gases in Chlorine Model 4020
Published methods met: ASTM E1746
Compounds separated: He, H2, O2, N2, CH4, CO2, CO
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: He, H2 - 0.001 to 100%; all other components
- .01 to 100%

• All tubing and valves in contact with the samples are constructed of chlorine-resistant
material
• Dual packed column channels/dual thermal conductivity detector (TCD/TCD)
• An important feature is the use of proprietary packing materials as the first column in
both channels
• Samples containing water do not interfere with the analysis or create hardware
problems
• Chlorine is backflushed to vent and does not enter the detector
77
Trace CO, CH4 and CO2 Analyzer
Model 4021
Published methods met: ASTM D3416, ISO 6381
Compounds separated: CO, CO2, CH4, ethylene – ethane composite, acetylene
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: All components – 0.1 ppm

• Single channel/methanizer/flame ionization detector (FID)
• One valve and one column
• Can handle large methane concentrations
• Acetylene elutes after ethylene – trace acetylene can not be analyzed in large
quantities of ethylene
• Purged valve housings and passivated tubing are used to enhance sensitivity
• In practical use, the sample must be free of oxygen
Carbon Monoxide
Methane
Carbon Dioxide
8 Minutes
78
Model 4022
Published methods met: ASTM D3416, ISO 6381
Compounds separated: CO, CO2, CH4, ethylene, ethane, acetylene

• One valve and one column
• Can not handle large methane concentrations
• Acetylene elutes before ethylene – trace acetylene, CO, CO2, CH4 can be analyzed in
large quantities of ethylene
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetylene
4 Minutes
79
Liquid Sample Expansion Apparatus
Model 4023
Types of sample analyzed: Pressurized liquid
Compounds separated: N/A
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: N/A

• Compliments analyzers for a fully tested complete system or sold as a stand-alone
product
• If purchased with an analyzer, it will be additionally tested using an actual sample
supplied by the customer or supplied by Arnel
• Designed to vaporize liquefied light hydrocarbons such as propylene
• Incorporates design improvements to meet the requirements for trace hydrocarbons,
as well as trace CO and CO2 analysis in liquefied light hydrocarbon gases
• The output of the Apparatus is connected directly to the analyzer to insure no air will
be added to the expanded sample
• The Apparatus includes a metering valve for the sample flow, a metering valve for
calibration gases, a clear plastic graduated cylinder for use as a manometer and a
burst disk located in the “liquid sample in” system, which relieves a high-pressure
(above 500 psi) sample to vent, if introduced into the product
Product Schematic
80
Model 4024
Published methods met: UOP 603
Compounds separated: CO, CO2, CH4

• Valving and columns meet UOP 603 methodology
• Can handle large methane concentrations
• Does not include any C2 analysis (Acetylene and ethylene coelute off of the primary
column)
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dinoxide
Methane
81
Full Range H2, He, O2 and N2 Analysis
Model 4032/4033/4034
Compounds separated: Model 4032- He, H2; Model 4033- O2, N2; Model 4034- He, H2, O2, N2
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: All components – 10 ppm to 100%
• Rugged and simple packed-column technology
• Models 4032 and 4033 are single channel, thermal conductivity detector analyzers.
Model 4034 is a dual-channel, dual-thermal conductivity detector analyzer.
• Better detection and measurement than 10 ppm can be achieved, with modification, in
some cases. Some limitations are present, however, with certain combinations of
compound levels present. Information on the complete sample matrix is required to
determine true detection and measurement ranges.
• Model 4032 and 4033 have the ability to be combined with other application channels
for cost savings
Model 4032 and Model 4034 analysis one Model 4033 and Model 4034 analysis two
82
Light Hydrocarbon Analyzer Model 4035
Published methods met: ASTM D2163, ASTM D2593, ASTM D2712, ASTM D2820, ASTM
D4424, ISO 7941
Compounds separated: All hydrocarbons from methane through hexane
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: All components - 0.1 ppm

• Used to analyze a wide range of gaseous light hydrocarbon samples such as LPG
• Fully automatic operation
• All hydrocarbons from methane to hexane are analyzed. Complete separations of all
possible compounds are obtained in approximately 20 minutes. The analysis usually
includes a column temperature program.
• This analyzer cannot be used for all samples. Two very good applications are for
propylene/butylenes manufacturing and analysis of butane streams, which are free of
compounds that irreversibly poison the Alumina PLOT column (NH3, H2S).
• External valve oven design allows for full range temperature programming for column
reconditioning (removing CO2 and H2O)
• The valve oven assures that no sample condensation occurs in the sample loop
• Possible to add second channel for another application
83
D4424, ISO 7941
Types of sample analyzed: Liquid, pressurized liquid

• Used to analyze a wide range of liquid light hydrocarbon samples such as LPG
• Liquid sampling valve mounted at ambient temperature allows for full range
temperature programming for column reconditioning (removing CO2 and H2O)
• Includes a secondary filter and back pressure regulation for proper liquid
• Possible to add second channel for another application
84
D4424, ISO 7941

• Analyzes a wide range of gaseous and liquid light hydrocarbon samples such as LPG
• Liquid sampling valve mounted at ambient temperature and external valve oven design
for the gas sampling valve allows for full range temperature programming for column
reconditioning (removing CO2 and H2O)
85
Benzene and Oxygenates Analyzer
Model 4080
Published methods met: EN 12177, EN 13132, IP 425/96
Types of sample analyzed: Unleaded petrol (gasoline) with a boiling point not to exceed 220 oC
Compounds separated: Benzene, aromatics, MTBE, ethanol, oxygenates
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Benzene - 0.05 to 6 % (V/V), individual organic
oxygenate compounds - 0.17% to 15 % (m/m), total organically bound oxygen - up to 3.7%
(m/m)
• Pressure switched (PreVent), “heartcut” instrument configuration
• The analyzer features a capillary injection port, PreVent and three capillary columns (a
liquid-sampling valve can also be used)
• Total flexibility - Choosing the correct internal standard and varying the “heartcut”
times, it is possible to determine any oxygenate or aromatic found in petrol.
• The same sample can be run twice with different “heartcut” times. By spreading the
components into two analyses, the interferences found with a large number of
components are eliminated.
Petrol with heartcuts

i-Butyl-methyl-ketone
MTBE
Toluene
Measured MTBE,
Benzene
benzene
86
Liquid Sampling Apparatus Model 4082
Published methods met: UOP 911
Types of sample analyzed: Pressurized liquid
Compounds separated: N/A
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: N/A
Application note reference number with technical details: None

• Apparatus is designed to introduce pressurized liquid samples precisely, without
sample vaporization before sample injection
• This product is normally sold as an “add on” to liquid sampling valved analyzers
• OPERATION OF THE MODEL 4082: Connect the filtered sample to the sample inlet and
start the liquid flow. There may be bubbles passing through the sight glass. Gently
close the valve at the top of the sight glass until the bubbles stop. This will provide a
slight backpressure in order to prevent the vaporizing of the liquid sample. Upon
minimizing the vaporization (bubbles) of the sample and obtaining a desired liquid flow
rate, close the toggle valve to stop the flow and make your injection. Once the run has
commenced, open the toggle valve and the backpressure valve to vent the remaining
liquid.
Schematic of Mounted Model 4082
87
Trace H2, O2, Ar, N2, CH4 and CO in Light
Hydrocarbons Analyzer Model 4083
Compounds separated: Hydrogen, oxygen /argon coelution, nitrogen, methane, carbon
monoxide
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: CO – 100 ppb, all other components – 50
ppb
• Trace level detection and measurement of components by Discharge Ionization

Detector (DID)
• To maximize performance, all features of the system’s valving, fittings, tubing and
columns are designed to be inert and leak tight. Key components are located in a
carrier gas purged enclosure.
• If any of the target compounds are in % level concentrations in your sample, this
analyzer may not be appropriate for your samples
• Extreme care must be taken in providing sample to the analyzer. Sample connections
and carrier gas connections to the analyzer must be leak free.
• The analyzer includes a carrier gas purifier to ensure carrier gas quality
• Can be combined with other applications or a second channel of trace level analysis
88
Trace Methanol and MTBE in Liquid
Hydrocarbons Analyzer Model 4086
Compounds separated: Acetaldehyde, MTBE, methanol, acetone, 2-propanol, others
Guaranteed detection ranges/concentration levels: Acetaldehyde, MTBE, methanol – 0.5 V ppm
to 1V%; all other components – 1 V ppm to 1V%
Application note reference number with technical details: None
• Split/splitless injector, dual capillary column, PreVent and flame ionization detector
(FID)
• An autosampler should be included for precision
• Optional gas-sampling or liquid-sampling valves can be added
• Capillary non-polar precolumn for separation of light non-polar compounds and
backflushing heavies. The use of a precolumn and backflushing keeps high boiling
material from contaminating the main column. Backflushing of the precolumn is
provided by PreVent hardware and a mid-point pressure switch time programmed from
the Clarus Interface or TotalChrom.
• Capillary PLOT silica main column for separation of oxygenated compounds
89
Related Industries Also Benefit
The dedicated and guaranteed PerkinElmer Arnel Analyzers and Systems in this booklet specifically address
the petrochemical laboratory and process industry. Many other standard and custom Analyzers, Systems and
Accessories are available for other industries such as pharmaceutical, food & beverage, and specialty gases
for QC, general testing and environmental - occupational safety monitoring applications.
Examples of other guaranteed products are:
• Model 4438 and 4046 Trace Impurities in Beverage CO2 Analyzers

• Series 5100 Acetaldehyde in PET Bottles Analyzer
• Series 5200 Workspace Air Quality Monitor
Explore both the PerkinElmer web site (www.perkinelmer.com) and the Arnel Inc. web site (www.arnelinc.com)
for other products, plus contact your local PerkinElmer sales engineer or email Arnel at info@arnelinc.com for
more details, literature and a quotation.
90
PerkinElmer Life and
Analytical Sciences
710 Bridgeport Avenue
Shelton, CT 06484-4794 USA
Phone: 800-762-4000 or
(+1) 203-925-4602
www.perkinelmer.com
© 2003 PerkinElmer, Inc. All rights reserved. PerkinElmer is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc. Arnel is a trademark of Arnel Inc.
PerkinElmer reserves the right to change this document at any time and disclaims liability for editorial, pictorial or typographical errors.
006808_02 KG060303 Printed in USA

Refinery Gas Analysis

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Refinery Gas Analysis

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PerkinElmer Arnel Turnkey GC Systems

Petrochemical & Natural Gas Applications

Table 1. Methods Compliance for RGA Systems

PerkinElmer Arnel RGA Model ASTM Method UOP Method

Table 2. Methods Compliance for NGA Systems

Table 3. Methods Compliance for Sulfur Analyzer Systems

PerkinElmer Arnel Sulfur Analyzer Model ASTM Methods

Natural Gas Analyzers

Simulated Distillation Software and Software Enhancements

Major Features and Benefits

• Simple, lowest-cost refinery/light hydrocarbon gas analysis solution

Major Features and Benefits

• Rapid, 15-minute analysis time

Channel one - TCD Channel two - FID

Major Features and Benefits

• Rapid, 15-minute analysis time

Channel one - TCD Channel two - TCD

Major Features and Benefits

Major Features and Benefits

• Rapid, 15-minute analysis time

Channel one and two - TCD/TCD Channel three - FID

Major Features and Benefits

• Rapid, 15-minute analysis time

Channel one and two - TCD/TCD

Major Features and Benefits

• Added liquid-sampling capability to Model 1001

Major Features and Benefits

Channel one - TCD Channel two - FID

Major Features and Benefits

Channel one - TCD Channel two - TCD

Major Features and Benefits

Major Features and Benefits

Channel one and two - TCD/TCD 15 Channel three - FID

Major Features and Benefits

Channel one and two - TCD/TCD Channel three - TCD

Published methods met: ASTM D1945 (precision statement only)

Major Features and Benefits

All compounds measured by FID

Major Features and Benefits

Major Features and Benefits

Major Features and Benefits

• Single channel/single thermal conductivity detector (TCD)

Major Features and Benefits

Channel one - TCD Channel two - FID

Major Features and Benefits

Channel one - TCD Channel two - FID

Major Features and Benefits

Channel one - TCD Channel two - FID

Major Features and Benefits

TCD channel – C6+ backflushed to FID

Published methods met: ASTM D1945 (precision statement only)

Major Features and Benefits

H2 measured by TCD and the remaining compounds

Major Features and Benefits

H2 measured in one TCD utilizing a nitrogen carrier gas and

Major Features and Benefits

Major Features and Benefits

H2 measured in one TCD utilizing a nitrogen carrier gas and

Major Features and Benefits

Channel one and two – TCD/TCD Channel two - FID

Major Features and Benefits

Channel one and two - TCD Channel three - FID

Major Features and Benefits