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Of
At
The Sample Collected will Prepared for Further Analysis as under for Total
Moisture.
The Sample Collected will Prepared for Further Analysis as under for Proximate
Analysis.
Procedure:
Equipment required:
1. Ventilated drying Oven in which constant temp & uniform temp
108+/-2 o C can be maintained
2. Weighing Vessel: 40 sq cm, Made of Silica, glass or SS
Procedure
Calculation:
X= % Loss in mass of original sample in air drying
Y= % Loss in mass of air dried sample on oven drying.
Equipment required:
1. Silica crucible with lid as per IS
2. Muffle furnaces in which a zone of constant & uniform temp of
900+/-10 o C can be maintained.
Procedure:
⇒ Take approx 1.0 Gms of Air dried sample passing 212 micron IS
sieve.
⇒ Heat the crucible in furnace for 7 minute with lid & than cool on
metal surface for five minute & than cool for 10 minutes in
desiccators.
⇒ Take 1.0 Gms of coal sample in crucible & covered with lid &
spread sample uniformly in crucible.
⇒ Heat the crucible with lid in muffle furnace for 7 minutes. Please
note that Moisture of sample should determine simultaneously.
⇒ Take out the sample from muffle furnace & cool in same manner
as above. Record the weight of crucible.
Calculation:
Mo = % Moisture in the sample on air dried basis.
M1 = mass in g of empty crucible with lid
M2 = mass in g of crucible with lid and sample before heating
M3 = mass in g of crucible with lid and sample after heating
Equipment required:
Procedure:
Calculation
Ash % by mass = 100 X (M3 - M4) / (M2-M1)
M1 = mass in g of dish,
M2 = mass in g of dish and sample,
M3 = mass in g of dish and ash, and
M4 = mass in g of dish after brushing out the ash
and on reweighing.
calorimeter
Water Equivalent is Heat capacity of Bomb calorimeter which indicates
heat required to raise 1 o C of bomb. It should be checked once in Three
Month & verified every Week. If weekly result exceed +/-10 Cal/gms
repeat the procedure.
Please note following
Calorific value of cotton =4180 cal/g
Nichrome wire = 335 cal/g
Procedure:
⇒ Dry the benzoic acid by heating more than 5 o C above its melting
point 121 o C which will cause fusion. Compress it in the form of a
capsule or briquette weighing approx 0.955 Gms.
⇒ Connect a piece of firing Nichrome wire 0.1 mm diameter across
the terminal of bomb. Tie a known weight cotton thread to firing
wire & arrange ends of cotton thread so that they touch sample.
Record Length of nichrome wire (6.0 mm) & cotton thread (10
mm)for future testing.
⇒ Put 1 ml of distilled water in the bomb, assemble the bomb and
charge with oxygen to a pressure of 30 atm (28-30 Kg/sq cm)
⇒ Put sufficient qty of water in the calorimeter vessel to cover upper
surface of bomb cap. Measured the qty of water & record the same.
⇒ Put the vessel into water jacket and assemble bomb & stirrer. Start
the power of bomb and allow the temp to stabalise for five minutes.
⇒ Set Zero of firing unit & fire the bomb. Record the temp rise till
temp stabilises & start to fall by 0.01 o C. Record the Temp rise of
Bomb.
⇒ Stop the power supply of firing unit & dismantle the bomb.
Calculation:
Weight of Crucible + Thread+ Nichrome wire = M1
Weight of Crucible + Thread+ Nichrome wire+ Benzoic acid = M2
Weight of Benzoic acid =M2-M1
Temp rise =dT
Calorific value of Benzoic acid = 6319 cal/
gms
Correction of heat of cotton & Nichrome wire ( E1 + E2)
=34.98 cal
1 Thermometer correction
2 Cooling correction
3 Nitric acid correction
Procedure:
⇒ Take Approx 1.0 gms of air dried coal sample passing 212 micron IS
sieve. Make pallet/Briquette in pallet machine.
⇒ Connect a piece of firing Nichrome wire 0.1 mm diameter across the
terminal of bomb. Tie a known weight cotton thread to firing wire &
arrange ends of cotton thread so that they touch sample. The length of
Nichrome wire & cotton thread should be same as taken during
determination of water equivalent/heat capacity of Bomb calorimeter.
⇒ Put 1 ml of distilled water in the bomb, assemble the bomb and charge
with oxygen to a pressure of 30 atm ( 28-30 Kg/sq cm)
⇒ Put sufficient qty of water in the calorimeter vessel to cover upper
surface of bomb cap. Measured the qty of water & record the same.
⇒ Put the vessel into water jacket and assemble bomb & stirrer. Start the
power of bomb and allow the temp to stabalise for five minutes.
⇒ Set Zero of firing unit & fire the bomb. Record the temp rise till temp
stabilises & start to fall by 0.01 o C. Record the Temp rise of Bomb.
⇒ Stop the power supply of firing unit & dismantle the bomb.
Calculation
Weight of Crucible + Thread+ Nichrome wire = M1
Weight of Crucible + Thread+ Nichrome wire+ coal sample = M2
Weight of coal sample =M2-M1
Temp rise =dT
Water Equivalent =E
1 Thermometer correction
2 Cooling correction
3 Nitric acid correction