PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES

ATELECTASIS

Excessive bronchial secretions/foreign body aspirations/bronchial neoplasm

Obstructed Alveoli

Impedes the passage of air in and out of the alveoli

Alveolar air was absorbed in the bloodstream

Alveoli become airless and subsequently collapse chest pain

Irre
gular breathing patterns
Collapse of Parts of a Lung

PNEUMONIA

Presence of Pneumococcus and other various agents

Lungs becomes inflamed

Air sacs are filled with pus or exudates- air is excluded

Interference in ventilation and diffusion of air

Lungs becomes consolidated

Chest pain/ Dsypnea Chills,fever Paroxsymal or

Rusty-colored sputum
Chocking Cough
(Considered to be the
 The
pathognomonic sign)

TRACHEOBRONCHITIS

Presence of microorganism
(Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumonia)

Invades respiratory mucosa

Becomes inflamed and produces mucopurulent sputum

Hyperemia and edema of Mucus Goblet cell

Lung mucous membranes Hypersecretion Metaplasia

TUBERCULOSIS

Mycobacterium bacilli gains access into the body (inhalation)

Invades the respiratory tract through lymph nodes and blood streams

Produces original lesions, the tubercle

Granulomas, surrounded by macrophages form a protective wall

This mass becomes dormant

After 1st exposure, the person then develop an active disease

(Due to compromised immune system)

Commonly occurs in the lungs

(Usually in the apical or posterior segments of the upper lobes,
 or the superior segments of the lower lobes)

LUNG ABSCESS

Complication of other condition

(Maybe pneumonia, aspiration, obstruction of the bronchi or neoplasm)

Necrosis of the pulmonary tissue and formation of cavities

Cough with purulent Fever with night Chest pain

Shortness of breath
Sputum Sweats