1.a) Figure below shows a typical animal cell.

Fill the boxes with the correct answers.

b) List three structural features that distinguish a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic
cell.

Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell

3
2.Figure below shows the structure of a cell surface membrane of an animal cell.

B C

a) (i) State the name given to this model of the plasma membrane.

……………………………………………………….. (1m)

(ii) Give two reasons why it is so called.

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………
( 2m)

b) Name the structures labelled A,B and C.

A : ……………………………..

B : ……………………………..

C : ……………………………. (3m)

c) Give three examples of different proteins in the membrane and describe briefly
how they move substances across the membrane.

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………
(3m)

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 d) State three features of a substance which influence its ability to pass through a
cell membrane.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
(3m)

3. A tissue containing cells of all the same type was ground with sand. The tissue
was then homogenized in cold, isotonic buffer solution. The organelles it
contained were then separated by ultracentrifugation. The drawing shows four
types of organelles which were obtained. (not drawn to scale)

(a) Give an example of a tissue which contains these types of cells.

…………………………………………………………………………………………( 1m)

(b) Why do these cells have to be grounded with sand at the beginning of the process?

………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(1m)

(c) Explain the importance of homogenizing the tissue in a cold, isotonic, buffer
solution.

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(3m)

(d) Explain why organelles P and S still remain in the supernatant after the
homogenized cells are centrifuged at 10 000 for 10 minutes.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………
(2m)

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(e) Name and give one function each for organelles P,Q, R and S.

Name Function

( 4m)

4. Figure below is a diagram of transaction of animal cell

a) Describe the formation of extracelullar enzyme from P to Q.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
(4m)

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ESSAY QUESTION

1. a) Outline the methods of preparation of a sample of tissue for examination with

the electron microscope. Explain why each stage in the preparation is
necessary.
(9m)

b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of transmission electron

microscope compared to light miscroscope. (6m)

2. a) Explain how the structures of xylem tissues are suited to their functions. ( 7m)
b) Discuss how the red blood cell and its pigments are related to their function.
(8m)