دوائر إلكترونية - نظري


‫א‬
‫א‬٢٦٠
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ?   ?  ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬??
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   KKKK‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
ORCAD, F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  KECircuit Maker, Proteus, EWB
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ K    ‫א‬
     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
K‫ א‬.٣
K‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
K
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ? ‫א‬? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 K‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣٨W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٨W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 ‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1-1‫א‬‫א‬K1948Bell LAB.
‫א‬ W1-1‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 CECollectorF‫א‬
 BEBaseF‫א‬
EEEmitterF‫א‬
‫א‬EdatasheetF  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Kwww.datasheet4U.com‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EdatasheetF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
ENPNF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EPNPF
‫א‬‫א‬ K
 .2-1‫א‬
 
C  
B  
E
C
B
‫א‬ :2-1‫א‬  
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬  KE‫א‬  ‫א‬ F ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ .١-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KEStray CapacitanceF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
KEFrequency responseF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢-١
 
W .١-٣-١
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
ESmall Signal AmplifiersF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
EPower AmplifiersF‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ESmall Signal TransistorF
‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   EPower TransistorsF
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
      ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     E10mVF   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
     K‫א‬       ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 
RC Coupling–  J
Direct Coupling –  J
Transformer Coupling–  J
‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEacF‫א‬‫א‬EDCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
I
 E‫א‬\‫א‬ =‫א‬FKDC‫א‬‫א‬W β = C
DC I
B
i
 E‫א‬\‫א‬ =‫א‬FKac‫א‬‫א‬W β = c
ac i
b
EDCF ‫א‬‫א‬
KEacF
 KEDC currentsF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WIE, IC, IB
KEDC voltagesF ‫א‬‫א‬WVB, VC, VE
K‫א‬‫א‬WVBE,VCE, VCB
 KEac currentsF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wie, ic, ib
KEac voltagesF ‫א‬‫א‬Wvb, vc, ve
K‫א‬‫א‬Wvbe,vce, vcb
v be 25mV
re' = ≅  Wac‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ie IE
 W‫א‬‫א‬ .٢-٣-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 DC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ DC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬DCKDC
EIEF
 Kac re' ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
ac‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kac‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬DC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ac‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEicFRin(base)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EDCF
 WECommon-Emitter Amplifier F‫א‬‫א‬ .٣-٣-١

 3-1‫א‬‫א‬
+VCC βDC=150
βac=160
R1
RC
C3
C +
C1 Vout
+ B
Vin
E RL
+
C2
R2 RE
 ‫א‬ W3-1‫א‬

 
 WDC3-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K4-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
+VCC
 
R1  
RC
 
 
C
 
B
 
E
 
R2  
RE
 
 
 
 
DC‫א‬ W4-1‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R 2 // β DC R E
 VB = × VCC  W‫א‬‫א‬
R 1 + R 2 // β DC R E
R2
VB ≅ × VCC  :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬βDCRE>> R2‫א‬
R1 + R 2
VE = VB − VBE  W‫א‬‫א‬
VE
 I E = ≅ I C W‫א‬
RE
 VC = VCC − R C I C W‫א‬‫א‬
VCE = VC − VE W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W1-1
 W 3-1‫א‬‫א‬
R1 = 22 kΩ, R2 = 6.8 kΩ, RC = 1 kΩ, RE = 560 Ω
VBE = 0.7 V, βDC = 150, VCC = +12 V 
  EIC, VCEF‫א‬
W‫א‬
R2 6.8kΩ
 VB = VCC = × 12V = 2.83V
(R 1 + R 2 ) 28.8kΩ
VE = VB − VBE = 2.83V − 0.7V = 2.13V
V 2.13V
IE = E = = 3.80mA ≅ IC
R E 560Ω
VC = VCC − R C I C = 12V − (3.80mA)(1kΩ) = 12V − 3.80V = 8.20V
VCE = VC − VE = 8.20V − 2.13V = 6.07V
 Wac 3-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K5-1‫א‬
iin B C Vout
Vin
ib
R1 R2 RC RL
Rin(base) ic
 
E
 
acW5-1‫א‬  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 re' =
v be 25mV
=  
ie IE
 
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬\‫א‬=‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
v
 R in ( base ) = in = β ac re'  
ib
   
 W‫א‬‫א‬ \‫א‬=‫א‬‫א‬  
v in  
 R in ( tot ) = = R 1 // R 2 // R in ( base )
i in  
   
 W‫א‬\‫א‬=‫א‬  
v out
 R out = = R C // R L  
i out
 
 
 
 W‫א‬\‫א‬=‫א‬
v out R C  
 AV = = '
i out re  
   
  W‫א‬ \‫א‬=‫א‬  
i out i c  
Ai = = ≅ β ac
i in i in
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W2-1
 W3-1‫א‬‫א‬  
R1 = 22 kΩ, R2 = 6.8 kΩ, RC = 1 kΩ, RE = 560 Ω  
VBE = 0.7 V, βDC = 150, VCC = +12 V, βac = 160   
ERoutF‫א‬ERinF‫א‬ErèF‫א‬
 
 K(Ai) ‫א‬EAvF‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬
 
W‫א‬
v be 25mV 25mV  
re' = = = = 6.58Ω  
ie IE 3.80mA  
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
v in  
R in ( base ) = = β ac re' = 160(6.58Ω) = 1.05kΩ
ib
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
v in 1
R in ( tot ) = = R 1 // R 2 // R in ( base ) = = 873Ω
i in 1 1 1
+ +  
22kΩ 6.8kΩ 1.05kΩ
:‫א‬  
v out R CR L 1kΩ × 5kΩ  
R out = = R C // R L = = = 833Ω
i out RC + RL 6 kΩ  
v R 1kΩ
A V = out = 'C = = 152 W‫א‬  
i out re 6.58Ω
 
W‫א‬
 
 A i = i out = i c ≅ β ac = 160
i in i in  
 W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
  J١  
  J٢  
  J٣  
  J٤
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WECommon-Collector Amplifier F‫א‬‫א‬ .٤-٣-١

 6-1‫א‬
 
+VCC
R1
C  
C1
+ B  
C2
Vin
E
+  
Vout
 
R2 RE RL
 
 
 
W6-1‫א‬  
 
 WDC6-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 7-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
+VCC
R1  
 
C  
B
E
 
R2
 
RE
 
 
 
DCW7-1‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
R 2 // β DC R E
 VB = × VCC  W‫א‬‫א‬  
R 1 + R 2 // β DC R E
R2 VB β DC R E >> R 2 W‫א‬  
 VB ≅ × VCC
R1 + R 2  W  
 
 VE = VB − VBE  :‫א‬
 
VE
IE = W  
RE
 
VC = VCC  W‫א‬
 
VCE = VC − VE  ‫א‬  
 
 
 W3-1 
W7-1‫א‬‫א‬  
R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = 10 kΩ, RE = 4.3 kΩ, VCC = +10 V, βDC = 150, VBE = 0.7 V.
 
  KEIC, VCEF‫א‬
  

 W‫א‬
 β DC R E = 150 × 4.3kΩ = 645kΩ  
WVB‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ً  
 β DC R E >> R 2 
R2 10kΩ  
V ≅ ×V = × 10V = 5V
R1 + R 2 20kΩ
B CC
 
VE = VB – VBE = 4.95 V – 0.7 V = 4.25 V

IE = VE/RE = 4.25 V/4.3 kΩ = 1 mA ≈ IC
VC = VCC = 10 V 
VCE = VC - VE = 10 V – 4.25 V = 5.75V

‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 Wac6-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K8-1‫א‬
iin E
 
B Vout
 
Vin RS
 
ib
R1 R2
Rin(base) ie RE RL  
C
 
 
 
DCW8-1‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
R ER L  
Re =  W‫א‬ ‫א‬
RE + RL
 
v be 25mV  
re' = =  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ie IE
 
 v in = (R e + r )i e
e
'
  W‫א‬  
 v out = R e i e
   
v R ei e Re
A V = out = = ≅1
v in (R e + re' )i e (R e + re' )  
W‫א‬  
Ai =βac
 
 W‫א‬
 
Rin(tot) = R1|| R2 || βac(Re +rè) 
Rin(base)=βac(Re +rè)  
 
Rout = (RS/βac)||RE   W‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 W6-1 ‫א‬‫א‬W4-1  
R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = 10 kΩ, RE = 4.3 kΩ, RL = 10 kΩ, RS = 600 Ω  
VBE = 0.7 V, βDC = 150, VCC = +12 V, βac = 200
ERinF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Er'eF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 KEAiF‫א‬EAvF‫א‬ERoutF‫א‬  
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
v be 25mV 25mV  
 re' = = = = 25Ω
ie IE 1mA  
 W‫א‬‫א‬  
R ER L 4.3kΩ × 10kΩ  
Re = = = 3kΩ
R E + R L 4.3kΩ + 10kΩ
 
 W‫א‬  
v Re 3kΩ
 A V = out = = = 0.92  
v in (R e + re' ) 3kΩ + 25Ω
:EAvF‫א‬
 
A V = β ac = 200  
WRin(base)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
Rin(base) = βac(Re +rè) = 200(3kΩ+25 Ω) = 605kΩ  
WRin(tot)‫א‬‫א‬  
Rin(tot) = R1|| R2 || β(Re +rè) = 4.96 kΩ
 
 W‫א‬
 
Rout = (RS/β)||RE = 3 Ω
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  J١  
 ‫א‬
ً  J٢  
 ‫א‬ J٣  
  J٤  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
WECommon-Base AmplifierF .٥-٣-١

W9-1‫א‬
+VCC  
 
R1   RC
  C3
  C +
C2 Vout
+ B  
  E
+ RL
Vin  
R2   C1 RE
 
 
 
W9-1‫א‬  
 
 WDC9-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K10-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
+VCC  
 
 
R1 RC
 
C  
DCW10-1‫א‬ B
 
E
 
R2
RE
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
R 2 // β DC R E  
 VB = × VCC  W‫א‬‫א‬
R 1 + R 2 // β DC R E
R2   
VB ≅ × VCC  :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬βDCRE>> R2‫א‬
R1 + R 2  
VE = VB − VBE  W‫א‬‫א‬ 
V
 I E = E ≅ I C W‫א‬  
RE
 VC = VCC − R C I C W‫א‬‫א‬ 
VCE = VC − VE  
 
 W5-1  
W9-1‫א‬‫א‬  
R1 = 56 kΩ, R2 = 12 kΩ, RC=2.2 kΩ,   
RE = 1 kΩ, VCC = +10 V, βDC = 250, VBE=0.7 V.
 
  KEIC, VCEF‫א‬
 
 
 
W‫א‬
 
R 2 // β DC R E
  VB = × VCC  W‫א‬‫ א‬ 
R 1 + R 2 // β DC R E
 VB ≅
R2
× VCC ‫א‬ βDCRE>> R2 
 
R1 + R 2  
R2 12kΩ
 VB ≅ × VCC = × 10V = 1.76V  
R1 + R 2 56kΩ + 12kΩ
  
 VE = VB − VBE = 1.76V − 0.7V = 1.06V W‫א‬‫א‬  
VE 1.06V  
 IE = ≅ = 1.06mA = I C  W‫א‬
RE 1kΩ  
 VC = VCC − R C I C = 10V − (1.06mA)(2.2kΩ) = 7.67V W‫א‬‫א‬  
VCE = VC − VE = 7.67V − 1.06V = 6.61 : VCE ‫ﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﺮج‬  
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Wac9-1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K11-1‫א‬
 
iin E C Vout
 
ib
Vin  
 
RE rè RC RL  
ic
 
 
ac   W11-1‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬  
 Av = vout/vin = vc/ve = ic(RC||RL) / ie(rè||RE)= (RC||RL) / (rè||RE)  
AV=(RC//RL)rèW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RE>>rè ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬  
 Rin(emitter) = vin/iin = ve/ie = ie(rè||RE)/ie = rè||RE
Rin(emitter) ≅ rèW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RE>>rè ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 Rout ≅ RC//RL
 KRout ≅ RC
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Ai = iout/iin = ic/ie = 1
 W‫א‬
 Ap =AvAi = Av
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 W6-1
 
W9-1‫א‬‫א‬
R1 = 56 kΩ, R2 = 12 kΩ, RC=2.2 kΩ, RL = 10 kΩ   
 RE = 1 kΩ, VCC = +10 V, βDC = 250, VBE=0.7 V.  
ERoutF ‫א‬ERinF ‫א‬ErèF
  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬EAiF‫א‬EAvF‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
RC||RL = 2.2 kΩ||10 kΩ = 1.8 kΩ  
 rè = 25 mV/IE = 25 mV/1.06 mA = 23.6 Ω  
 W‫א‬RE>>r e
`
 
Av = (RC||RL)/ rè = 1.8 kΩ / 23.6 Ω = 76.3
 W‫א‬  
 W‫א‬RE>>rè  
Rin(emitter) = r'e=23.6 Ω  
 W‫א‬  
 Rout ≅ RC//RL= 1.8 kΩ  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Ai = iout/iin = ic/ie = 1
 W‫א‬  
 Ap =Av = 76.3  
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Kً‫א‬ J١
 
 K J٢
 
 K J٣
 K‫א‬ J٤  
  
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1-1‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼت ﺗﺮاﻧﺰﺳﺘﻮر ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 L  ‫א‬  L 
AF and RF 180° E 20kΩF E 2.5kΩF E 8000F E 200F E 80‫א‬ 40F 
  
 0° E 100ΩF E 100kΩF 1
E 200F E 200F 
VHF/UHF   
0° E 50kΩF E 200ΩF 1
Amplifiers E 200F E 200F 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W1-1‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  WEPower AmplifierF‫א‬‫א‬ .٤-١

W .١-٤-١
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬EAudio Amplifiers )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEWide BandAmplifiersF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERadio JFrequency) ‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ KETransconductance AmplifierF
EClass A Power AmplifierFEF‫א‬‫א‬ .٢-٤-١
‫א‬E12-1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
IC  
 
DC ‫א‬
 
 
ICQ Q
 
 
 
VCE
0 VCEQ  
EF‫א‬ DC ‫א‬ W12-1‫א‬  
 Kac‫א‬Q‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬13-1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
IC
 
Ic(sat) ac ‫א‬
 
 
 
  Q
ICQ
 
 
 
VCE
  0
 
 
 
  0 VCEQ Vce(cutoff)
 
EF ac ‫א‬ W13-1‫א‬
 
‫א‬14-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬
  vin(V) vout(V)
 

 
Class
Class
  t(s) AA t(s)
 
 
EFEvoutF‫א‬ EvinF ‫א‬ W14-1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF
         ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  K‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬      
 K‫א‬360 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K15-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 
+VCC
 
R1
RC  
C3
+
 
C
C1
+ B
Vout  
Vin
E RL  
+
C2  
R2 RE
 
 
 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ W15-1‫א‬
 
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W7-1   
 R1 = 20 kΩ, R2 = 5 kΩ, RE = 330Ω, RC = 1 kΩ, RL = 1kΩ,VCC=15V, β  ac=200
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ً  
⎛ R2 ⎟ ⎛⎞ 5kΩ ⎞  
  VB = ⎜⎜ ⎟
VCC = ⎜ ⎟15V = 3V
R
⎝ 1 + R ⎠ ⎝ 20 k Ω + 5k Ω ⎠
2  
V − VBE 3V − 0.7 V
  IE = E = = 7 mA  
RE 330Ω
25mV 25mV  
  re` = = = 3.57Ω
IE 7 mA
  Rout = RC // RL = 1kΩ // 1kΩ = 500Ω
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
 
 W‫א‬
 
  R in ( base ) = β ac re` = 200 × 3.75Ω = 750Ω
 
  Rin ( tot ) = R1 // R2 // Rin ( base ) = 20 KΩ // 5kΩ // 750Ω = 631.58
 
⎛R ⎞ 631.58Ω ⎞
  A P = A ⎜⎜ in 2
⎟⎟ = 133.33 2 ⎛⎜ ⎟ = 22455
⎝ R out
V
⎠ ⎝ 500 Ω ⎠  
 
EClass B and AB Power AmplifierFE-F‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬ .٣-٤-١
‫א‬‫א‬ (Class B) EF ‫א‬
 KE16-1F‫א‬‫א‬
  IC
  Ic(sat) DC ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
  Q
VCE
  0
VCEQ
 
EF‫א‬ DC ‫א‬ W16-1‫א‬
 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬180 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 K17-1‫א‬EFEvoutF‫א‬EvinF‫א‬
  vin(V) Vout(V)
 
 
 
Class
  t(s) B t(s)
 
 
  EF‫א‬‫א‬ W17-1‫א‬
 
K‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬18-1‫א‬
B
Vin
 
RE
 
 
 
EF‫א‬‫א‬ W18-1‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
class AB amplifier ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬180‫א‬‫א‬
 K 360 ‫א‬ 180 ‫א‬EF
 K19-1‫א‬EPush-Pull AmplifierF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
VCC
R1
C1
Vin Q1
+
D1 C3
+
D2
C2
Q1
+ RL
R2
 
 
E-F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W19-1‫א‬  
‫א‬Q2‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬Q1‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬ R2R1‫א‬ D2D1‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
1
  Pout = I C ( sat )VCC
4
 W
0.5VCC
  I C ( sat ) =
RL
 W،‫א‬ I C ( sat ) 
 
1 VCC2
  Pout =
8 RL
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 VCC = 20V ‫א‬E-F‫א‬‫א‬W8-1 
 
 K100Ω ‫א‬
 
1 VCC2 20 2
  Pout = = = 6.25W  
8 RL 8×8
 
 EClass C Power AmplifierFEF‫א‬‫א‬ .٤-٤-١

180 ‫א‬‫א‬class C EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 KE20-1F‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  Vout(V)
vin(V)  
 
 
  t(s)
Class t(s)
C
 
 
 
  EF‫א‬‫א‬W20-1‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WEFrequency Response CurveF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥-١

‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E21-1‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
Pout
  AP = W‫א‬
Pin
 WEdBF‫א‬
⎛ Pout ⎞
E1-1F   Gain(dB) = AP (dB) = 10 log⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ Pin ⎠
 K""dB
 W‫א‬
Vout
  AV = W‫א‬
Vin
 WEdBF‫א‬
2
⎛V ⎞ ⎛V ⎞
E2-1F   Gain(dB) = A V (dB) = 10 log⎜⎜ out ⎟⎟ = 20 log⎜⎜ out ⎟⎟
⎝ Vin ⎠ ⎝ Vin ⎠
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
AV
E3-1F   AVN = AV (Max)
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E4-1F   AVN (dB) = 20 log(AVN )
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
ً ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E2-1F‫א‬
K ‫א‬
Gain(dB)
f(Hz)
 
‫א‬‫א‬W21-1‫א‬
 
 
 
 W9-1
 
2.7 V 100 Hz 2.5 V 20 Hz 1 V100 mV 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬200 Hz
 
 W‫א‬
 
 20Hz 
 =1 V/100mV=10  
 
 W‫א‬
Gain (dB)= 20 log (10) = 20 dB  
 W100Hz
 
 Gain (dB)= 20 log (25F= 28 dB
 
:200Hz ‫א‬
 
Gain (dB)= 20 log (27)= 28.6 dB
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WEGain Bandwidth ProductF‫א‬‫א‬ .٦-١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K(ft)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K(High Frequency and Low Frequency Breakpoints)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
20 Hz‫א‬‫א‬20 KHz ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3dB 
 .20 KHz19.980 Hz ‫א‬
‫א‬(dB) 
W‫א‬(volt/volt)‫א‬
 
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﺴﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺐ‬
E5-1F  Gain (V/V) = log -1 (Gain in dB/20) = 10 20
 31.6 (V/V)101.530 dB‫א‬

 
 W10-1
 Volt/Volt 34 dB 
 
 :‫א‬
 WE5-1F‫א‬
Gain (V/V)= 10 34/20
= 50.1
 ft
ft = ( Gain in V/V) × (bandwidth)
K22-1‫א‬1‫א‬ft
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
31.6kHz
←  
Bandwidth →
40
 
 
27
 
Gain(dB)
Gain(dB)
 
10
 
0
 
 
 
0.1 1 10 102 103 104
0.4   32
Frequency (kHz)
‫א‬‫א‬W22-1‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬400 Hz 32kHz ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Kft = 998 kHz=1MHz31.6(V/V) ‫א‬31.6 KHz
 W‫א‬50V/V
 BW= ft/gain = 1x106/50 = 20 kHz
 
‫א‬125‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2MHz ‫א‬ft‫א‬W11-1
 
 K‫א‬
 
  BW = 2MHz /125= 16kHz  ‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬
 
BW = 2MHz /125= 16kHz
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
ErèF‫א‬ 3 mA‫א‬ DC‫א‬ .١-١
 W
 K3 kΩK
 K3 ΩK
 K3.33 ΩK
 K0.33 kΩK
 W .٢-١
 K‫א‬K
 K‫א‬K
 KK
 KK
 W .٣-١
 K‫א‬‫א‬K 
 KmV‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬K 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K15‫א‬ .٤-١
  KE3078FK ،E50,625FK ،E15FK ،E60FK 
 W٤{٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥-١
 KE3078FK،E35.6 dBFK،E47.0 dBFK،E94 dBFK 
 Rin(base)=68 kΩ, R1=33 kΩ, W‫א‬‫א‬ .٦-١
 W‫א‬KR2=15 kΩ
 KE12.3 kΩFK،E22.2 kΩFK،E8.95 kΩFK،E68 kΩFK
‫א‬RC=2.2 kΩ, rè=10 Ω ‫א‬K10 kΩ .٧-١
W
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE180FK،E10FK،E1000FK،E220FK
 W‫א‬ .٨-١
 K‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ .٩-١
 K‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬K 
 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٠-١
 K‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬K 
K‫א‬K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬،ib‫א‬‫א‬ .١-١
 KKKKKvce‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKic
 ‫؟‬vceVCE‫א‬ .٢-١
 ‫؟‬rèIE=15 mA‫א‬ .٣-١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬DC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤-١
 KECEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥-١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦-١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٧-١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٨-١
 ‫؟‬ .٩-١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ .١٠-١
 ‫؟‬EStageF .١١-١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ .١٢-١
 KdB500 .١٣-١
 ‫؟‬DCac‫א‬ .١٤-١
 ‫؟‬EF‫א‬Q‫א‬ .١٥-١
 KEF‫א‬ .١٦-١
 ‫؟‬EF‫א‬Q‫א‬ .١٧-١
 ‫؟‬EF‫א‬Q‫א‬ .١٨-١
 ‫؟‬ac‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٩-١
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢٠-١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kfc1=130 Hz, fc2=167 Hz, fc3=75 Hz
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ac   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  DC   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬.٢١-١
 K20-1‫א‬
 WDC21-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢٢-١
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 EFVCE،EFVC،EFIC،EFIE،EFVE،EFVB
βDC=90 βDC=75
βac=100 βac=70
 
20-1‫א‬ W21-1‫א‬
 ‫؟‬DC‫א‬‫؟‬22-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢٣-١
 ‫؟‬23-1‫א‬0.9‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢٤-١
Ap‫א‬Ai‫א‬،Av‫א‬،Rin(emitter)‫א‬ .٢٥-١
 K22-1‫א‬‫א‬
 KVCE(sat) ≅0 K25-1 VCE(cutoff) IC(sat) .٢٦-١
26- Q2 Q1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EacF‫א‬‫א‬ .٢٧-١
 KVCEQ‫א‬‫א‬1
‫؟‬K501.2 V rms  .٢٨-١
 ‫؟‬EdBF
 27-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢٩-١
‫א‬‫א‬W25 Hz, 42 Hz, 136 Hz ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣٠-١
 K(fcu)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(fcl)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W8kHz, 20 kHz‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
βDC=90 βDC=90
βac=100 βac=100
 
W22-1‫א‬ W23-1‫א‬ 
 W24-1‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
βDC=100
 
EF‫א‬W25-1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬
βDC=βac=200
rè = 1.5 Ω
  (Class B push-pull Amplifier)-W26-1‫א‬

 
E F EF
 
29-1‫א‬W27-1‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF١٠-١،EF٩-١،EF٨-١EF٧-١،EF٦-١ ،EF٥-١ ،EF٤-١،EF٣-١،EF٢-١،EF١-١
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K، .١-١
 KEacF‫א‬vceEDCF‫א‬VCE .٢-١
 rè=25 mV/15 mA=1.67 Ω .٣-١
 KEOpenF‫א‬ .٤-١
 K180°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥-١
 K .٦-١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٧-١
 K .٨-١
 K .٩-١
 K‫א‬ .١٠-١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .١١-١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١٢-١
20log(500)=54.0 dB .١٣-١
 KDCac .١٤-١
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬Q‫א‬ .١٥-١
 K25%EF‫א‬ .١٦-١
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬Q‫א‬ .١٧-١
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬Q‫א‬ .١٨-١
 ‫א‬ EBypass CapacitorF    ECoupling capacitorF   .١٩-١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬fc2=167 Hz‫ א‬.٢٠-١
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 22-1‫א‬DC ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢١-١

 23-1‫א‬ac ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
ac ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W23-1‫א‬ DC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W22-1‫א‬
 
 
،EFVC=9.59 V ،EFIC=2.55 mA،EFIE=2.55 mA،EFVE=2.55 V،EFVB=3.25 V .٢٢-١
 EFVCE=7.04 V
Rin(tot)=3.1 kΩ, VOUT=1.06 V .٢٣-١
270 Ω .٢٤-١
Rin(emitter) =2.28 Ω, Av=526, Ai=1, Ap=526 .٢٥-١
2.11 mA, 12 V .٢٦-١
 VB1=10.7 V, VB2=9.3 V, VE1=10 V, VE2=10 V, VCEQ1=10 V, VCEQ2=10 V .٢٧-١
24 mV rms, 34 dB .٢٨-١
EF1.59 kHz ،EF318 Hz .٢٩-١
 fcl=136Hz, fcu=8 kHz .٣٠-١
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١-١
+VCC
  +9 V R1 
→ I1
RC
→ IC
15 kΩ
  1 kΩ 
 47 µF 
 V  =5 V 
10µF B
→ IB BC107
  
VB=2.6 V VE=1.9 V 2.5 V pp
25 mV pp
1 kHz
1 kHz  
R2 RE
→ IE
→ I2
100 µF
6.8 kΩ   480 Ω 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
βDC=IC/IB   IE   IC IB   I2 I1
 
         
 
βac  iin  iout Rout  Rin AV

 
         
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ J١
1M 400k 200k 100k 80k 40k 20k 10k 1k 100  EHzF‫א‬
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  EVF‫א‬
0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 6 6 88 8 8  EVF‫א‬
 EAvF‫א‬
EAVNF‫א‬‫א‬
AV
  AVN =
AV (Max)
EdBF‫א‬‫א‬
 AVN (dB) = 20 log( AVN )
AVN(dB)z
→
0
-10
-20
-30
-40 →f(Hz)
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 ‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 
EIntegrated CircuitF‫א‬EOperational AmplifierF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ .١-٢
W .١-٢-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EOperational AmplifierF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EIntegrated CircuitF‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE1-2F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
+VCC
 ٧
٢
٦
٧٤١ 
 ٤
٣
-VCC
 
  W1-2  
 
‫א‬E-F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
EPolarityF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEHF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EHVCCF‫א‬ 
E-VCCF
  K1-2‫א‬
EOP AMP 741F741‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K3-2‫א‬2-2‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
   
 
  
 
 ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
741‫א‬‫א‬W2-2 741‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W3-2
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEOffset NullF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K4-2‫א‬
+VCC
V- ٧
2 ٦
741 Vout  
V+  
٤
٣
-VCC
 
 
741‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4-2  
 
E5-2‫א‬‫א‬FW .٢-٢-٢
 
Acm < 1
Common-Mode Gain
CMRR =
AOL  ‫א‬‫א‬
Acm Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
  CMRR = 20 log⎛⎜ AOL ⎞
⎟
 ‫א‬‫א‬
⎝ Acm ⎠ Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (dB)
  I BIAS =
I1 + I 2  ‫א‬‫א‬
2 Input bias current
 ‫א‬
  I OS = I 1 − I 2
Input offset current
‫א‬
  VOS = I OS Rin
Offset voltage
‫א‬
  VOUT (error ) = AV I OS Rin
Output error voltage
  SR =
∆Vout  ‫א‬
∆t Slew rate
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
I1
_
 
I2 741

+
R1 Vout
  R2
 
   ‫א‬ W5-2
 W‫א‬ .٣-٢-٢
KE-18V,+18VF،E-15V,+15VF‫א‬
‫א‬KE0V,30VF،E-12V,+18VF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W
(1-2)   + Vsat = + Vsupply - 2V
 
(2-2)   − Vsat = −Vsupply + 2V
 
 K‫א‬EVSatF‫א‬EVSupplyF
‫א‬‫א‬E2VF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 -Vsat < Vout < +Vsat

 
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬EV-F‫א‬EV+F‫א‬‫א‬
WVd‫א‬‫א‬
(3-2)  Vd = V + - V -
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬KEOpen Loop GainF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K200, 000741‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEAOLF‫א‬‫א‬
 W
(4-2)  Vout = A OL Vd
 
 JVsat+Vsat‫א‬Vsat‫א‬‫א‬KVout < Vsat

 KVd‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 WE1-2F
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬15V ‫א‬‫א‬
200,000
 K500,000‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
+Vsat = +VSupply – 2V=15V – 2V= 13V
-Vsat = -VSupply + 2V=15V – 2V= -13V
 .13V ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Vd = Vout/AOL = 13V/200000 = 65µV  
 Vd = Vout/AOL = 13V/500000 = 26 µVWAOL = 500000
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (٢
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WERinF‫א‬ .٤-٢-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
6-2‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E1 MΩF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERinF‫א‬
 
 WERoutF‫א‬ .٥-٢-٢
‫א‬6-2‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERoutF
 
 
-
 
Rout  
V in Rin AV,Vin Vout
 
+  
 
 
741‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W6-2  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٦-٢-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEFeedbackF‫א‬‫א‬KAOL‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 7-2‫א‬
 K65 µVVd ‫א‬
 WA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 -65 µV < VA < +65 µV
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KVA = 0 V‫א‬‫א‬KEVirtual EarthF
If
RF
Vin I A I1=0
-
R
Vout
Vd ٧٤١
I2=0
+
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W7-2
 Rin » RF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

RF‫א‬‫א‬Rin‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vin - VA
(5-2)  I =
R in
 
(6-2)   I f = (VA - Vout ) / R F

 
I = I f W‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
Vin V
  = − out ⇐ VA = 0
R in RF
 
V R ‫א‬
A V = out = − F ⇐=‫א‬
Vin R in ‫א‬
 
  Vout = A V Vin W Vin ‫א‬ Vout ‫א‬‫א‬
 
8-2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2-2
 
 
20kΩ  
A  
Vin -
1kΩ 741  
Vout
1V +  
t 20V  
1V  
t  
 
 
-20V
 
2-2‫א‬ W8-2  
Vout R 20kΩ  
  AV = =− F =− = −10 W‫א‬
Vin R in 1kΩ
  Vout (P) = A V Vin = −20 × 1V = −20V W Vout (P) ‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٧-٢-٢
W‫א‬ K١ J٧ J٢ J٢
E741  F‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬F
 
WEVdF‫א‬‫ א‬K٢ J٧ J٢ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(7-2)  Vd = (V + - V - )
WEPower DissipationF‫א‬‫ א‬K٣ J٧ J٢ J٢

K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P = I out .Vd
 
W3-2
 
KVd=10VIout=100mA‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
P=Iout.Vd=(100mA)(10V)=1000mW=1W
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬ K٤ J٧ J٢ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K
 
W‫א‬ K٥ J٧ J٢ J٢
.(741  2 MΩF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬ K٦ J٧ J٢ J٢

‫א‬741‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K+15V -15V+13V-13V
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧ J٧ J٢ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬741K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K 200,000 200V/1mV
 
W‫א‬ K٨ J٧ J٢ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬741E10kΩFK‫א‬‫א‬
 K+13 V-13 V‫א‬‫א‬E2kΩF+14 V -14V
 
 
WECMRRF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩ J٧ J٢ J٢

v out
 A cm K  v + = v −  ‫א‬‫א‬
  A cm =
v+
‫א‬‫א‬KE   A cm = 0.01F‫א‬
A
  CMRR = OL W‫א‬‫א‬E CMRR F‫א‬‫א‬
A cm
⎛ A OL ⎞
  CMRR (dB) = 20 log⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 20 log(CMRR ) WEdbF
A
⎝ cm ⎠
 .80dB40dB‫א‬CMRREdBF‫א‬10000100CMRR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬   ‫א‬  EDecibelF‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
WESlew RateF‫א‬ K١٠ J٧ J٢ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K0.5 V/µs‫א‬‫א‬741K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K80 Hz1 V
W‫א‬‫א‬
∆Vout
(8-2)   SR =
∆t
K‫א‬‫א‬9-2‫א‬
V
‫א‬‫א‬
t
∆v
∆t
SR = ∆v/∆t = m (slope)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W9-2
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬K10-2‫א‬W4-2
∆Vout + 9V − (−9V)
SR = = = 18V / µs = 18mV / ns W‫א‬
∆t 1µs
 
Vout(V)
 
10
9
∆V
0 t(s)
-9
1µs
-1 0
4-2W10-2
 
‫א‬ESlew RateF‫א‬
 0.5 V/µs‫א‬٧٤١K
1-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٨-٢-٢
 W1-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
LH0003 OP-07 LF351 LM741C ‫א‬
Ideal Device
Hybrid BJT BJT BiFET BJT Technology
‫א‬ 
∞ 40 k 400 k 100 k 200 k AOL
‫א‬  
 
∞ 100 kΩ 8 MΩ 10 TΩ 2 MΩ Rin ‫א‬
 
0 50 Ω 60 Ω 30 Ω 50 Ω Rout ‫א‬  
 
W1-1
0 70 V/µs 0.3 V/µs 13 V/µs 0.5 V/µs SR ‫א‬
 
 
∞ 90 dB 110 dB 100 dB 90 dB CMRR ‫א‬‫א‬
 
:1-2‫ﺟﺪول‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬11-2‫א‬W5-2
 
  W11-2
 5-2‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  
 W‫ א‬ 
 K‫א‬V1‫א‬Vin‫א‬W
 W‫א‬  
 
R1
  Vin = V1 = Vout
R1 + R 2  
 
 
 WEClosed Loop GainF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
V R
  A CL = out = 2 + 1  
Vin R1  
 
 
   
 
 
 W  
 
 W‫א‬
V1 R1
 B = =
Vout R 1 + R 2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  Vout = A OL (Vin − V1 ) = A OL (Vin − BVOUT )  
 
 
WACL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
V A OL
  A CL = out =  
Vin 1 + A OL B  
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬ .٩-٢-٢
WEInverting AmplifierF K١ J٩ J٢ J٢
 K12-2‫א‬‫א‬
 
Iin
 
R2
 
Iin
Vin I1=0  
-
R1 A  
741 Vout
I2=0
+  
 
 
 ‫א‬W12-2
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE12-2F‫א‬‫א‬K
 KI2=0I1 = 0ERin = ∞F‫א‬‫א‬K 
KE F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEVA=0F
R1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E-F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K12-2‫א‬R2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KVout = -IinR2 Vin = IinR1‫א‬EVA= 0F
 K12-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ACL‫א‬VinVout
Vout -R I R
(9-2)   A CL = = − 2 in = − 2
Vin R 1 I in R1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WEBandwidthF‫א‬
 K‫א‬fc‫א‬BW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  .fC(OL) = 10Hz  W741C 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
f unity
(10-2)   BW = f C(CL) =
A CL
 
   
Vin ‫א‬
R in = = R1 ⇐ =‫א‬
Iin ‫א‬ W‫א‬
   
Vout ‫א‬
R out = =0⇐ =‫א‬ W‫א‬
Iout ‫א‬
‫א‬
K
 
 W6-2  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KVout ‫א‬13-2‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  1 MH  1 kHz  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ .funity=1MHZ  
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
75kΩ
 
Vin=10mVpp -  
1.5kΩ 741 Vout  
+
 
 
6-2‫א‬W13-2  
 
 W‫א‬
 ACL = -75kΩ/1.5kΩ = -50 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9-2F‫א‬
 fC(CL) = 1MHz/50 = 20kHz W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10-2F‫א‬
Vout = -50(10mVpp)= -500mVppW1 kHz‫א‬  
W1MHz‫א‬ A CL = 1 = 0dB ‫א‬‫א‬1MHz  
 Vout = 10 mVpp  
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ (Bode) ‫א‬‫א‬ 14-2‫ א‬ 
،100 50WF 34dB50(Decibel)‫ א‬ 
KE40dB6 dB  
 
ACL(dB)
 
 
 
 
34
 
 
  10
 
0 1k 10k 20k 100k 1M f(Hz)
 
6-2‫א‬‫א‬W14-2  
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WENoninverting AmplifierF K٢ J٩ J٢ J٢

 K15-2‫א‬‫א‬
I
 
R2
 
I  
Vin I1=0
R1 -  
Vd=0 741  
I2=0
Vout  
Vin +  
 
 ‫א‬ W15-2
 
‫א‬‫א‬EHF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬KE-F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬R1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KR2R1‫א‬‫א‬vin
 KI‫א‬‫א‬KR2‫א‬
 W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
R1
(11-2)   Vin = ×V out
R1 + R 2
KE15-2F‫א‬‫א‬EACLF‫א‬
Vout R 2 + R 1 R 2
  A CL = = = +1
Vin R1 R1
 
R2
(12-2)   A CL = +1
R1
 
Vout = A CL Vin W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W(Bandwidth) ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  .fC(OL) = 10 Hz  W 741C 
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
f unity
(13-2)   BW = f C(CL) =
A CL
  
Vin Vin ‫א‬  W‫א‬
R in = = =∞⇐ =‫א‬
I in 0 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
R out =
Vout
=0⇐ = ‫א‬  W‫א‬
I out ‫ א‬
 K‫א‬
 W7-2
 KEfC(CL)F‫א‬EACLF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬16-2‫א‬
 K250 kHz‫א‬
 
 
Vout
 
R2
50 mVpp
3.9 kΩ  
R1
100 Ω
7-2W16-2‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  
 W‫ א‬ 
 W‫א‬  
R2 3.9kΩ  
A CL = +1 = + 1 = 40
R1 100Ω  
 W‫א‬  
  A CL = 20 log(40) = 32dB
:‫א‬
1MHz
f C ( CL ) = = 25kHz
40
 W‫א‬
 
  Vout = A CL Vin = 40 × (50mVpp ) = 200mVpp
 
 
 
 17-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
ACL(dB)
 
 
 
 
  32
 
  10
 
0 f(Hz)
  1k 10k 100k 1M
25k
 
7-2‫א‬W17-2‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WEComparatorAmplifierF‫א‬‫ א‬K٣ J٩ J٢ J٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 19-2‫א‬18-2‫א‬W
 
-VCC +Vsat
vin
0
-Vsat
+VCC
  W18-2‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W19-2‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K20-2 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KVREF‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬ W20-2‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬21-2‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V Vout
 
 
Vin
+Vsat
 
Vref 0 t  
t1 t2
t -Vsat  
t1 t2  
 
 W21-2‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE22-2‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Vin
Vout  
1V
 
 
+Vsat
T
0 t  
T/2 0 t
Vin T/2 T
Vout  
-1 V -Vsat  
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W22-2‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WESumming AmplifierF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤ J٩ J٢ J٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K23-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
R1
  V1 Rf
 
R2
 
V2 -
  741 Vout
  R3 +
  V3
 
‫א‬W23-2‫א‬  
 Kv1‫א‬ACL1
 Kv2‫א‬ACL2
 Kv٣‫א‬ACL3
WETheorem SuperpositionF‫א‬‫א‬
(14-2)   Vout = A CL1 V1 + A CL2 V2 + A CL3 V3
 
 .ACL3 = -Rf/R3 ACL2 = -Rf/R2EFACL1 = -Rf/R1
W‫א‬
⎛ R ⎞ ⎛ R ⎞ ⎛ R ⎞
(15-2)   Vout = ⎜⎜ − f V1 ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ − f V2 ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ − f V3 ⎟⎟
⎝ R1 ⎠ ⎝ R 2 ⎠ ⎝ R 3 ⎠
 
W‫א‬‫א‬E15-2F‫א‬ Rf = R1 = R2 = R3 = R‫א‬‫א‬
(16-2)   Vout = −(V1 + V2 + V3 )
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W24-2‫א‬‫א‬W8-2
 
 
1kΩ
  0.1V 1kΩ
 
1kΩ
  0.2V -
741 Vout
 
1kΩ +
  0.4V
 
E8-2F
  W24-2‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Vout = -(V1 + V2 + V3) =-(0.1 V + 0.2 V + 0.4 V) = -0.7 V
 
 W9-2
 K25-2‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
1kΩ
  5V 1kΩ
 
500Ω
  2V -
741 Vout
  200Ω +
  0.5V
 
E9-2FW25-2‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎛ − Rf ⎞ ⎛ − Rf ⎞ ⎛ − Rf ⎞ − 1kΩ ⎞
 
⎟⎟ V3 = ⎛⎜ ⎛ − 1kΩ ⎞ ⎛ − 1kΩ ⎞
 V = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ V1 + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟V2 + ⎜⎜ ⎟5V + ⎜ ⎟2V + ⎜ ⎟0.5V
out
⎝ R1 ⎠ ⎝ R2 ⎠ ⎝ R3 ⎠ ⎝ 1kΩ ⎠ ⎝ 0. 5kΩ ⎠ ⎝ 0.2kΩ ⎠  
= −5V − 4V − 2.5V = −11.5V
 
WEDifferentiator AmplifierF‫א‬‫ א‬K٥ J٩ J٢ J٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 .26-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬W26-2‫א‬
 
  v out = f ( v in ) ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 v out = −Ri R  E‫א‬FR‫א‬‫א‬
 
 dq = Cdv in  E‫א‬FC‫א‬‫א‬
 
dq  ‫א‬
ic = ⇒ dq = i c dt
dt
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
iR = iC
(17-2) dq dv dv
  v out = −Ri R = − R = − RC in = − τ in
dt dt dt
  τ = RC W
 KE-τF‫א‬‫א‬(17-2)‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 29-2 28-227-2‫א‬
 
Vin(t)
 
 
 
  E F t
0
 
 
 
 
Vout(t)
 
 
 
  EF t
 
 
 
 
 EF‫א‬EF W27-2‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  Vin(t)
 
 
E F t3 t4 t
  0 t1 t2
 
  Vout(t)
 
  EF t1 t3 t4
0 t
t2
 EF‫א‬ EF  W 28-2‫א‬  

 
Vin(t)
 
 
 
  t1 t3
E F 0 t
  t2
 
  Vin(t)
 
 
 
  EF t
0
 
 
 EF‫א‬ EF WW 29-2‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 W10-2
K 0.4 s10 V0 V ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬30-2‫א‬
 
10kΩ
vin(t) [V]  
10  
 
5
2.2µF
Vin -  
t(s) 741 Vout  
0.2 0.4
+
 
 
 ‫א‬W30-2‫א‬  
 W‫א‬ 
 WK‫א‬‫א‬ 
  
dVout 10V − 0V  
  Vout = −RC = −(10kΩ)(2.2µF) × = −0.55V  
dt 0.4s
 
   
 
 K‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WEIntegrator AmplifierF‫א‬‫ א‬K٦ J٩ J٢ J٢

‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K31-2‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
→ic
 
 
 
→iR  
Vin -
  741 Vout
  +
 
 
 ‫א‬ :31-2‫א‬
 
 
C‫א‬‫א‬
dv out = −dv c  
WE‫א‬F
 
v in R‫א‬‫א‬
v in = Ri ⇒ i =  
R   WE‫א‬F
dq
 
dq = Cdv c ⇒ dv c = W‫א‬
C  
dq  
i= ⇒ dq = idt W‫א‬
dt
dq idt dt v v dt  
 dv out = −dv c = (− ) = (− ) = (− ) in = − in   W
C C C R RC  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1 1
(18-2)   ∆v out ( t ) = − ∫ v in ( t )dt = − ∫ v in ( t )dt
RC τ
 
 E-1/τF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
∆v out v
(19-2)   = − in
∆t τ
  KVC = (-5V)tVin = 5 mV R = 1 kΩ C = 1 µF

K32-2‫א‬
Vin(t)
5mV
E F t(s)
0 t1
Vou(t)
t1
EF t(s)
0
-5V
 
 EF‫א‬EF‫א‬W32-2‫א‬  
 
 W11-2
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 33-2‫א‬
 
0.2µF
 
 
 
10kΩ
  -
10mV   741 Vout
+
 
 
11-2 W 33-2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬

 WE19-2F‫א‬‫א‬  
1 1
  Vout = −VC = − × Vin t = − × (10mV) × t = −5t V
RC 10kΩ × 0.2µF
 
 Wt‫א‬‫א‬VC = -13V‫א‬
− 13V  
t= = −2.6s
−5  
 
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K36-234-2‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
Vin(t)
 
 
 
 
t1 t2  
E F t
0  
 
 
Vout(t)
 
 
 
t1 t2  
EF t
0  
 
 
 EF‫א‬EFW34-2‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Vin(t)  
 
 
  E F t
0
 
 
Vout(t)
 
 
EF t
  0
 
 
 EF‫א‬EFW35-2‫א‬  
 
Vin(t)  
 
 
E F t
0
 
 
Vout(t)  
 
 
 
EF t
0  
 
 
 
 EF‫א‬EFW36-2‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WEFiltersF‫ א‬.١٠-٢-٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KEPassiveFEActiveF‫א‬K
 K 1 MHz‫א‬K
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K1 MHz
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EHigh Pass FilterF‫א‬ELow Pass FilterF‫א‬
KEBand Stop FilterFEBand Pass FilterF
 
 W‫א‬
Vout
  AV =
Vin
 W‫א‬
A V (dB) = 20 log( A V )
 W‫א‬‫א‬
AV
AVN =
AV (Max)
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  AVN(dB) = 20log(AVN)
 
 K40-237-2‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K1
 K
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
:E37-2‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١-١٠-٢-٢

 ELow-Pass FilterF
AVN(dB)  
0  
‫א‬‫א‬
  
-3dB  
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 
 
 
f(Hz)
fC  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W37-2
 K‫א‬fcW
WE38-2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢-١٠-٢-٢
 EHigh-Pass FilterF
AVN(dB)  
0  
‫א‬‫א‬
 
-3dB
 
‫א‬‫א‬  
   
 
 
f(Hz)  
fC  
 
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W38-2
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
WE39-2F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣-١٠-٢-٢
EBand Pass FilterF
AVN(dB)  
0
 
 
-3dB
 
    
 
 
 
f(Hz)  
f c1 f 0 f c2
 
 
 ‫א‬W39-2
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬fc2 fc1W
 
f0 = f c1 f c 2 Wf0‫א‬‫א‬
BW = f c 2 − fc1W‫א‬
f
W Q‫א‬
Q = 0
BW  
K‫א‬Q‫א‬
 KQ<10‫א‬‫א‬Q>10‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
WE40-2F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤-١٠-٢-٢
 EBand Stop FilterF
AVN(dB)  
 
0
 
-3dB  
   

 
 
 
 
f c2
f(Hz)  
f c1 f0
 ‫א‬W40-2  
 
K‫א‬‫א‬fc2 fc1W
 
 
f0 = f c1 f c 2 Wf0‫א‬‫א‬
 
BW = f c 2 − f c1 W‫א‬
 
f0
Q= WQ‫א‬
BW
 
K‫א‬‫א‬
 KQ<10‫א‬‫א‬Q>10‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
E41-2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥-١٠-٢-٢
EActive Low Pass Filter CircuitF
RF  
Ri  
‫א‬
 -  
Vout
  Vin +
  R
 
C  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W41-2  
1
fc =  W‫א‬fc‫א‬
2πRC
 
RF
AV = +1
Ri  W‫א‬‫א‬
 K42-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W12-2
 fc‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
RF  
Ri
 
-  
‫א‬ Vout
Vin
 
+
22kΩ
 
2.2nF
 
 
12-2‫א‬W42-2
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
1 1
fC = = = 3.3kHz W‫א‬  J
2πRC 2π (22kΩ)(2.2nF )
 
 EFrequency responseFE43-2F‫א‬‫ א‬ J
ACL(dB)  
 
 
 
0  
-3
 
 
 
 
-20
1k 3.3k
10k 100k 1M  
f(Hz)
 
12-2‫א‬‫א‬W43-2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
E44-2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦-١٠-٢-٢
 EActive High Pass Filter CircuitF 
 
RF
Ri  
-
‫א‬ Vout  
Vin +  
C R
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W44-2

 
1
fc =  W‫א‬fc‫א‬
2πRC
 
R
AV = F + 1 W‫א‬‫א‬
Ri
 
 K45-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W13-2
 fc‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 
RF
Ri  
-
 
‫א‬ Vout
Vin
+  
22nF 22kΩ
13-2‫א‬W45-2
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
1 1
fC = = = 0.33kHz = 330Hz W‫א‬  J
2πRC 2π(22kΩ)(22nF)
 
EFrequency responseFE46-2F‫א‬‫ א‬ J
ACL(dB)  
 
0  
-3  
 
 
 
 
f(Hz)  
100 330 1k 10k 100k
 
 
13-2‫א‬‫א‬W46-2
 
WE47-2F‫א‬ .٧-١٠-٢-٢
EActive Band Pass Filter CircuitF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬fc1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬fc2
f c 2 〈 f c1 ‫א‬
 K
f c 2 〉 f c1 ‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
47-2‫א‬ 13-2 12-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
R4 R3
 
R2 - Vout
R1  
-
 
+
+ C2
 
Vin R1  
C1 R2  
 
 
 
‫א‬W47-2
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬46-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
1 1
f C1 = = = 3.3kHz ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2πRC 2π(22kΩ)(2.2nF)
1 1
f C2 = = = 0.33kHz ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2πRC 2π(22kΩ)(22nF)
R2 R
A V = A V1 A V 2 = ( + 1)( 3 + 1) = 11x11 = 121 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R1 R4
f0 f .f (3.3kHz)(0.33kHz) 9.9
Q= = c 2 c1 = = = 0.35  ‫א‬
BW f c1 − f c 2 3.3kHz − 0.33kHz 0.3
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
48-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
47-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W48-2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W1V‫א‬K500000 .١-٢
 2µVK
 5mVK
 10mVK
 1VK
 W741C .٢-٢
100000K 
 2MΩK 
 75ΩK 
 K 
 WEACLF‫א‬ .٣-٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 W .٤-٢
 EACLF‫א‬K 
 EAOLF‫א‬K 
 ERinF‫א‬K 
 ERoutF‫א‬K 
 W .٥-٢
 ‫א‬EACLF‫א‬K 
 EAOLF‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W .٦-٢
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ERinF‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬.٧-٢
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٨-٢
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 K 
 K 
 
 W‫ א‬.٩-٢
 K 
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 W‫ א‬.١٠-٢
 K 
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W .١١-٢
 K 
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 W .١٢-٢
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 EFEF‫א‬‫א‬K 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 
 
 E41-2‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ J٢
E F EF
E F EF
 
41-2‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
 W42-2‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ J٢
E F EF
E F 42-2‫א‬ EF
 
 43-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣ J٢
 KEACLF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF،voutEF،ifEF،iinEF
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
→if
→iin
 
43-2‫א‬
 ‫؟‬44-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤ J٢
EF
E F
44-2‫א‬
 K45-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥ J٢
 KRf‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
→if
45-2‫א‬
 
 
 
46-2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦ J٢
5V
vin 0
46-2‫א‬
 47-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
5V
vin 0
10µs
  ‫א‬
47-2
‫א‬ELow-Pass, High-Pass, Band-Pass, Band-StopF K٨ J٢

48-2‫א‬‫א‬
Gain Gain Gain Gain
 
f f f f 
 
E F EF E F EF
 
48-2‫א‬
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩ J٢
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،EF K9-2 ،EF K8-2 ،EF K7-2 ،EF K6-2 ،EF K5-2 ،EF K4-2 ،EFK3-2 ،EF K2-2 ،EF K1-2
 KEFK 12-2،EFK 12-2،EFK2-10
‫א‬
 
 K٢٣EF،٤٧{٨EF،١٠١EF،١١EF K١ J٢
K J١٠EF،٢٢EF، J١EF،١EF K٢ J٢
 K-10EF،-10VEF، 455µAEF،455µAEF K٣ J٢
.E97.5kHzFEF‫א‬‫ א‬K٤ J٢
 vout = -3.57 V, if = 357 µA K٥ J٢
 -4.46 mV/µs K٦ J٢
 1 mA K٧ J٢
 KBSEF،LPEF،HPEF،BPEF K٨ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩ J٢
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ .١-٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
 K‫א‬K٢
 KK٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬K٤
CMRR،EAOLF‫א‬K٥
 ‫؟‬EAcmF‫א‬‫א‬
 KK٦
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨
 ‫؟‬E‫א‬FK٩
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٠
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬K١١
 1V ‫א‬ ٠.٠٢V 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢-٢
f ( x, y , z ) = 5 x − 4 y + 3 z − 2  
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣-٢
f ( x, y ) = 3 x − 5 y
10kΩ x 7; 20kΩ x 1; 50kΩ x 1; LM741C x 3W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤-٢
10kΩ
→ I2
→ I1
6V 10kΩ -
V1 Iout←
→ I3
V2 +
8V 20kΩ VL
20kΩ
→IL
20kΩ
→I4
:‫أﻣﻸ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت‬
IL VL AV(-) AV(+) I2 I1 V1 I4 I3 V2
 
 5V‫א‬‫א‬ .٥-٢
 -4V‫א‬‫א‬ .٦-٢
 3V‫א‬‫א‬ .٧-٢
 1V‫א‬‫א‬ .٨-٢
 
 
 
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٣
٢
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
٥٥٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٨W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 ‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫ א‬9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9
 W‫א‬ .١-٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   EICF ‫א‬ ETimerF ‫א‬
 K‫א‬EPulse GeneratorF
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  555 ‫א‬   
NE555K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W1-3555‫א‬ KLM555CA555MC1455‫א‬
555  W1-3‫א‬  

 
 WE1-3‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬
1  Ground ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2  Trigger
‫א‬
3  Output ‫א‬
4 ‫א‬ Reset ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Control ‫א‬‫א‬
5 ‫ א‬
Voltage ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
6 ‫א‬ Threshold
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
7  Discharge
 K‫א‬3‫א‬
Supply ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
8 ‫א‬
Voltage 18٥
 
 
555‫א‬ W1-3‫א‬  
 
 W٥٥٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬555‫א‬‫א‬
 W2-3‫א‬‫א‬555
KA2A1 K١
K(RS)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
KT1‫א‬ K٣
K K٤
 KA3  K٥
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
PIN 8  
TIMER 555
A1 
PIN 6
Control A3
PIN 5
PIN 3
A2 

PIN 2
PIN 7
T1
PIN 1
PIN 4 Reset
555‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W2-3‫א‬
 
 K  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬ .١-٣-٣
‫א‬‫א‬KE5kΩFR‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬VCC‫א‬
2VCC
KA1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F •
3
V
KA2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E CC F •
3
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
WA1‫ א‬.٢-٣-٣
2/3VCC‫א‬E٥‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬
Vth ‫א‬E٦‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
.EThreshold VoltageF
2VCC
Vth‫א‬K A1‫א‬ Vth‫א‬ •
3
2V
K ‫א‬ CC
3
WA2‫ א‬.٣-٣-٣
VCC
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
3
W‫א‬E٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 VtriETrigger VoltageF
V
K A2‫א‬ CC Vtri‫א‬‫א‬ •
3
V
K A2‫א‬ CC Vtri‫א‬‫א‬
3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٥٥٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W
 K‫א‬‫א‬+VCC‫א‬ A2‫א‬A1
 
WT1‫א‬‫ א‬.٤-٣-٣
 ETiming CapacitorF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
RS‫א‬T1‫א‬‫א‬RS‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ON‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q=+VCC‫א‬ •
KE٧‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬OFF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q=0‫א‬ •
.+VCCE٧‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KQ‫א‬٧‫א‬‫א‬2-3‫א‬
 
Q  ٧‫א‬
 
+VCC 0
 
0 +VCC
 
2-3‫א‬  
E3-3‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥-٣-٣
 ERS FLIP-FLOPFBistable Multivibrator
‫א‬ ‫א‬ KELowF EHighF    Q' Q    RS ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Q'   Q   K Q'   Q  K ‫א‬ 
 K
‫א‬KT1‫א‬‫א‬S‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KQ'Q‫א‬KECut offF T2‫א‬‫א‬
K
 Q' Q  ‫א‬T1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R
 KEBistable MultivibratorF‫א‬‫א‬RS‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ RS  W3-3‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 S,R Q‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3-3‫א‬
 
S R Q
+VCC 0 +VCC
0 +VCC 0
0 0 Last State
 
3-3‫א‬
WEBufferF‫א‬ .٦-٣-٣
‫א‬   EBufferF‫א‬
 KRS‫א‬‫א‬EBufferF‫א‬‫א‬
Q=0‫א‬ +VCC 3‫א‬‫א‬ Q=1‫א‬  2-3‫א‬
 W3‫א‬‫א‬
 
Q 3‫א‬‫א‬
1 +VCC
0 0
4-3‫א‬  
٤‫א‬18V5V‫א‬VCC٥٥٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬+VCC‫א‬٨‫א‬EResetF
‫א‬٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٥٥‫א‬‫א‬
+ 2VCC
K  E F ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  EFilterF   0.01µF 
3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٥٥‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W٥٥٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣-٣
‫א‬EMonostableF ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 555‫א‬
 KEAstableF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WEMonostableF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١-٤-٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4-3‫א‬555‫א‬
 
 
R  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬W4-3‫א‬  
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5-3‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E5-3‫א‬F ٢ ‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
   ‫א‬6-3‫א‬
   2‫א‬‫א‬Vtrigger
E F
 
‫א‬6-3‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬KVC‫א‬
 
‫א‬T
EF  
 VTH 
 
 
Vo‫א‬6-3‫א‬
 
3‫א‬
E F  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W5-3‫א‬  
 
 K6-3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 T ‫א‬‫א‬   6-3
  T = 1.1RC W‫א‬
+Vcc  
 
 
← T→
 
time(s)
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W6-3‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
W1-3
 
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬10 MΩ0.68µF‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫؟‬555‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 
  T = 1.1RC = 1.1(10MΩ)(0.68µF) = 1.1(10x10 6 Ω)(0.68x10 −6 ) = 7.48s
 
 W‫א‬
 
10MΩ1MΩ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫ א‬ 
 K0.748‫א‬  
 
 W  
 
F٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬  
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
WEAstableF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢-٤-٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬7-3‫א‬555‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W7-3‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬32‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EfrequencyF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R2 R1‫א‬C‫א‬
 
 .C‫א‬VC‫א‬8-3‫א‬
C‫ א‬E5‫א‬FVTHVC‫א‬‫א‬C‫ א‬
EA2‫א‬‫א‬FVTLVC 
 
 
 K3‫א‬Vo‫א‬8-3‫א‬
E+VCCF‫א‬‫א‬
E٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
E F
 
 
 
 
 
EF
 
 
← T →
Vo‫א‬‫א‬ VC ‫ א‬W8-3‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬TL ‫א‬‫א‬TH‫א‬ 8-3‫א‬

 W‫א‬K‫א‬
TH = 0.693(R 1 + R 2 )C
  TL = 0.693R 2 C
ER1,R2,CF‫א‬f‫א‬T‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W
  T = TH + TL = 0.693(R 1 + 2R 2 )C
1 1.44
 f = =
T (R 1 + 2R 2 )C
 W‫א‬EPercent Duty CycleF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
⎛ T1 ⎞ ⎛T ⎞ (R 1 + R 2 )
  D = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟100% = ⎜ H ⎟100% = 100%
⎝ TH + TL ⎠ ⎝ T ⎠ (R 1 + 2R 2 )
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 75% 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 75%
 
  W2-3
 
 R2‫א‬10MΩR1‫א‬0.68 µF‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W 555‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1MΩ
 
 KD ‫א‬‫א‬ TL‫א‬،TH‫א‬،T ‫א‬‫א‬
TH = 0.693(R 1 + R 2 )C = 0.693(10MΩ + 1MΩ)0.68µF = 0.693(11MΩ)0.68µF
 
  
= 0.693(11x10 Ω)(0.68x10 F) = 5.18s
6 −6
 TL = 0.693R 2C = 0.693(1MΩ)(0.68µF) = 0.693(106 Ω)(0.68x10−6 F) = 0.47s  

 T = TH + TL = 5.18s + 0.47s = 5.65s  
1 1  
f = = = 0.176 Hz
T 5.65s  
R + R2 T 5.18s
 D= 1 = 1 = = 0.915 = 91.5%  
R1 + 2 R 2 T 5.65s
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬555‫א‬‫א‬ K١ J٣
K3EF،2EF،1EF،0EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬555‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ J٣
 K3EF،2EF،1EF،0EF
 W555 K٣ J٣
 KEF،EF،EF،EF
 ‫؟‬555‫א‬‫א‬ K٤ J٣
 ،‫א‬EF،‫א‬EF،‫א‬EF،‫א‬EF،‫א‬EF،‫א‬EF
 
 
 
 K555 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ J٣
 KVCC = 10 V555‫א‬‫ א‬K٢ J٣
K‫א‬ KR1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = 2 kΩ, C = 0.0047 µF 555 ‫א‬‫א‬  K٣ J٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ KR1 = 10 kΩ, C = 0.022 µF ‫א‬‫א‬555 K٤ J٣
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 EFK٤-٣،EF٣-٣،EFK٢-٣،EFK١-٣
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ،‫א‬،‫א‬،ERS FLIP-FLOPF‫א‬K١-٣
 K
 KR5 = 47 kΩ ،R4 = 65.8 kΩK٢-٣
 21.9 kHzK٣-٣
242 µsK٤-٣
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١-٣
 
R1
 
4 8
 
7 3
Vout  
+15V
R2
555  
 
6 5
1
 
2
  C 0.1µF 
 
0V
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
.T2 ‫א‬ T1‫א‬T‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
R1,R2,C‫א‬T1,T2,T, f, D ‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬D‫א‬f 
W‫א‬‫א‬ K

 D f T R2 R1 C
      100 kΩ 10 kΩ  10nF
      10 kΩ 100 kΩ 10nF
      10 kΩ 10 kΩ 10nF
      100 kΩ 100 kΩ 10nF
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢-٣
C R T (١
1s (٢
1ms (٣
1µs (٤
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٣٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٨W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 ‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬ 9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬15 MHz‫א‬
K‫א‬f0, 3f0, 5f0 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١-٤
W‫א‬ .١-٢-٤
‫א‬‫א‬ Eac signalF‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE1-4‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
EDCF   
 
 
vout
 
‫ﻤﺫﺒﺫﺒﺎﺕ‬
 
 
 
 
‫א‬ W1-4‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .2-4‫א‬
vout  
 
t(s)
‫א‬  
t(s)  

 
t(s)  

 
 
 ‫א‬ W2-4‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ .٢-٢-٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE3-4‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
AV vout  
 
‫א‬
 
 
β  
‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W3-4‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬β‫א‬AV
‫א‬ ‫א‬  EF          ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬      Enoise voltageF    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   Eelectrical noiseF ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ Vi ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 4-4‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬
KVi ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  VF  VF=Vi=βAVVi   βAVVi   
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  Ein phaseF‫א‬   βAVVi  ‫א‬ VF ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    W
 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
ELoop GainF ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    βAV<1   ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫• א‬
KE J4-4‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ βAV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ βAV>1‫א‬ W‫א‬‫• א‬
E J4-4‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ βAV=1‫א‬ W‫א‬‫• א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FK J4-4‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
EFβAV<1 EFβAV>1 EFβAV=1
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4-4‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ .٣-٢-٤
 W
KE∆ϕF‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ .٤-٢-٤
 W‫א‬W
β=
vout  
v in
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
β = Re + jI m  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 EImF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EβrF‫א‬‫א‬W
β r = Re ⇐  I 
m=0
 W‫א‬fr‫א‬W‫א‬
Im = 0  
 Kβr ‫א‬βr=Re‫א‬frW
 W1-4
vout ⎛ vout ⎞  
vin βr = ⎜ ⎟ =1
⎝ vin ⎠ r  
R
 
 
 W2-4
vin R vout ⎛ vout ⎞ 1  
βr = ⎜ ⎟ =
R
⎝ vin ⎠ r 2  
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WEPhase shift circuitF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥-٢-٤

 K5-4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
C
 
C C
 
vout  
vin
I1 R I2 R I3 R  
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W5-4‫א‬
 
Z‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬XC–jXC
1 1  
XC = =
ωC 2πfC   
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(R − jX C )I1 − RI 2 + 0I 3 = v in  
− RI1 + (2R − jX C )I 2 − RI 3 = 0  
0I1 − RI 2 + (2R − jX C )I 3 = 0  
 W‫א‬I3‫א‬‫א‬
 
(R − jX C ) −R v in
 
−R (2R − jX C ) 0
 
0 −R 0
I3 =  
(R − jX C ) −R 0
−R (2R − jX C ) −R  
0 −R (2R − jX C )  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
R 2 v in  
I3 =
(R − jX C )(2R − jX C ) 2 − R 2 (2R − jX C ) − R 2 (R − jX C )  
 
v RI 1
β = out = 3 =  
v in v in ⎛ 5X C ⎞ ⎛ 6X C X 3C ⎞
2
⎜1 − 2 ⎟ − j⎜ − 3⎟
⎝ R ⎠ ⎝ R R ⎠  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬180°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬360° ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬180°‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
6X C X
3
6 1 1  
− 3 =0⇒ − =0⇒f =
C
 
2πf r RC (2πf r ) R C
r
2π 6RC
3 3 3
R R
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎛v ⎞ 1 1 1 1 
β r = ⎜⎜ out ⎟⎟ = = = =−
⎝ vin ⎠ r 1 − 5 5 1 − 30 29 
1−
4π 2 f r2 R 2 C 2 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 2 2
2
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ R C  
⎝ 6 RC ⎠  
 K180°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
WEWien Bridge CircuitF‫א‬ .٦-٢-٤
 K6-4‫א‬‫א‬
C R
 
v in  
vout
R C  
 
 
 
‫א‬W6-4‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W fr‫א‬‫א‬β‫א‬
 K‫א‬XC
R (− jX C )  
v out ( R − jX C ) R (− jX C )  
β= = =
v in R (− jX C ) (R − jX C ) 2 − jRX C
(R − jX C ) +  
(R − jX C )
 
 Wj‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
v out RX C RX C  
β= = =
v in j(R − jX C ) 2 + RX C RX C + j(R 2 − j2RX C − X 2 ) C  
RX C RX  
= =
RX C + jR 2 + 2RX C − jX 2 ) 3RX C + j(R 2 − X 2 )
C C
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
⎛v ⎞
 
RX C 1
R − X = 0 ⇒ β r = ⎜⎜ out
2 2
⎟⎟ = =
C
⎝ v in ⎠r 3RX C 3  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
R 2 − X C2 = 0 ⇒ R = X C  
 ‫א‬XC=1/(2πfrC)‫א‬‫א‬
XC
 W‫א‬
XC =
1
= R ⇒ fr =
1  
2πf r C   2πRC
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
WEPhase-Shift OscillatorF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢-٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬7-4‫א‬
 
RF
 
R
 
- Vout  
741
 
+
 
 
C C C
 
 
R R  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W7-4‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
R
Av = − F
R  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
⎛ vout ⎞ 1  
βr = ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ vin ⎠ r 29  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎛ R ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞  
Av Br = 1 ⇒ ⎜ F ⎟⎜ ⎟ = 1 ⇒ RF = 29 R
⎝ R ⎠⎝ 29 ⎠  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
1
fr =  
2π 6 RC
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
 W3-4 
 K‫א‬7-4‫א‬RF‫א‬K  
 R = 10kΩC = 0.001 µF W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬K  
 
 W‫א‬
 
RF 1 R
  = 29 RF/R=29 β r = = ACL = 29K 
R 29 R F
  R F = 29R = 29(10kΩ) = 290kΩ  

1 1
 fr = = = 6.5kHz Wfr‫א‬K
2π 6RC 2π 6 (10kΩ)(0.001µF)
 W4-4
fr=1kHz; R=1kΩ‫א‬‫א‬
 KRF‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
1 1 10 −6
C= = = = 6.5µF
2πf r R 6 2π(1kHz )(1kΩ) 6 2π 6
R F = 29 R = 29 x (1kΩ) = 29 kΩ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WEWien-Bridge OscillatorF .٣-٤

RC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K1MHz5Hz‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K8-4‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬ W8-4‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 R1=R2=R
C1=C2=C
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
RF  
Av = +1
Ri  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
⎛ vout ⎞ 1  
βr = ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ vin ⎠ r 3  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎛R ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞ R  
Av Br = 1 ⇒ ⎜⎜ F + 1⎟⎟⎜ ⎟ = 1 ⇒ F = 3 − 1 = 2 ⇒ RF = 2 Ri
⎝ Ri ⎠⎝ 3 ⎠ Ri  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
1  
fr =
2πRC
 
 
 W5-4
 
‫א‬‫א‬8-4 ‫א‬‫א‬ EfrF‫א‬
 
 RF = 20 kΩ, Ri = R1 = R2 =10 kΩ, C1 = C2 = 0.001 µFW
 
 
 W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
1 1
fr = = = 15.9kHz
2πRC 2π(10kΩ)(0.001µF)
 
 WECrystal OscillatorFW .٤-٤
W.١-٥-٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬EbufferF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EQF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K K‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
WEPiezoelectric effectF‫א‬‫א‬.٢-٥-٤
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 KEQuartz F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 -‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 106 104‫א‬،K‫א‬ Q‫א‬
 K‫א‬LC‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9-4‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
Cs
Ls Cp ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
Rs
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF ‫א‬‫א‬EF  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W9-4‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K RS،RS CSLS
 
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬Q‫א‬fr‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬EQ=104-106F‫א‬ Q‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
W‫א‬‫א‬.٣-٥-٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١-٣-٥-٤
 .10-4‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
RF  
Ri  
vout  
741C
C1
 
Quartz  
R1
 
 
 
R2 C2  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W10-4‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢-٣-٥-٤
 
 
b c b ∈
∈ c
∈ c b
 
Pierce Colpitts Clapp
 
 
c
∈
b
c  
∈
b
 
Modified
Butler
Butler
Gate  
 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬W6-4
‫א‬32,768‫א‬K38,768 Hz‫א‬‫א‬
1‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬32,768‫א‬ -١
k
  2 ‫א‬32,768‫א‬-٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 
 
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
32768  
= 16384 W‫א‬
 
2
  32768 = 215 -٢ 
 15W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W7-4
W8-4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Ri = R1 = R2 =10 kΩ, C1 = C2 = 10pF
K‫א‬‫א‬-١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 
 
 W‫א‬
RF 1  
 W A V = + 1 β r =  β r A V = 1 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١
Ri 3  
⎛ RF ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞ R
A v B r = 1 ⇒ ⎜⎜ + 1⎟⎟⎜ ⎟ = 1 ⇒ F = 3 − 1 = 2 ⇒ R F = 2R i = 2 × 10kΩ = 20kΩ 
⎝ Ri ⎠⎝ 3 ⎠ Ri
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢ 
1 1 1 10 7
fr = = = = Hz = 1.6MHz 
2πRC 2π(10kΩ)(10pF) 2π(10 4 Ω)(10 −11 F) 2π
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ K١ J٤
 K
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 LC‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W K٣ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 LC‫א‬K
 K
 W K٤ J٤
180°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 W K٥ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬50‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K K٦ J٤
 W ‫א‬‫א‬
 1K 
 0.01K 
  10 K 
  0.02 K 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧ J٤
 1K 
 ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬K 
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F BK
 W K٨ J٤
 ‫א‬K 
 K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K 
 K
 W K٩ J٤
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬K
 W K١٠ J٤
 K 
 K 
DCK 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬ K١ J٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ J٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣ J٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ K٤ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥ J٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦ J٤
 ‫؟‬K‫א‬ K٧ J٤
‫א‬K5 Vrms KR1 = R2, C1 = C2‫א‬‫א‬ K٨ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K180º ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩ J٤
  ‫؟‬K‫א‬ K١٠ J٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬75‫א‬ K١٢ J٤
 ‫؟‬
vin(rms) = 2.2 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kfr = 3.5 kHz‫א‬ K١٣ J٤
vout(rms) ‫א‬‫ א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬١٣-٣‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤ J٤
 KD2‫א‬‫א‬D1‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬fr‫א‬‫؟‬١٤-٣‫א‬‫א‬Rf ‫א‬ K١٥ J٤
 K١٤-٤‫א‬W١٣-٤‫א‬  K١٥-٤‫א‬W١٤-٤‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK١٠-٤،K٩-٤،K٨-٤،K٧-٤،K٦-٤،٥-٤،K٤-٤،K٣-٤،K٢-٤،K١-٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫ א‬.١-٤
 KDC
 K .٢-٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣-٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤-٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٥-٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦-٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٧-٤
K‫א‬‫א‬
 (1.67 V) .٨-٤
 K60°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RC ‫א‬ .٩-٤
 KDC ‫א‬ .١٠-٤
.EDC‫א‬F‫א‬ .١١-٤
1/75 = 0.0133 .١٢-٤
733 mV .١٣-٤
 50 kΩ .١٤-٤
Rf = 136 kΩ, fr = 691 Hz .١٥-٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (١-٤
RF C R fr
100Hz  E١
1kHz  E٢
1MHz  E٣
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (٢-٤
RF C R Ri fr
10kΩ 100Hz E١
10kΩ 1kHz E٢
10kΩ 1MHz E٣
 
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
 -W
 
 
 ADAPTATION
‫א‬ ADDRESS BUS
 ADMITTANCE
‫א‬ ALARM
 ALL PASS
 ALTERNATING CURRENT AC
 AMPERE
 AMPLIFIER
 ANALOG
‫א‬ ANTENNA
‫א‬‫א‬ ASTABLE
 ATTENUATION
‫א‬ AUDIO AMPLIFIER
‫א‬‫א‬ BAND PASS FILTER
 BANDWIDTH
 BASE
 BATTERY
‫א‬ BIAS CURRENT
 BINARY
‫א‬ BINARY COUNTER
-١٣٧-
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
 BUS
 BYPASS CAPACITOR
‫א‬ CAPACITANCE
 CAPACITOR
 CHARGE
 CHIP
‫א‬ CIRCUIT
‫א‬ CLOSED LOOP GAIN
 CODE
 COLLECTOR
‫א‬‫א‬ COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO
 COMPARATOR AMPLIFIER
‫א‬ CONDUCTANCE
 CONNECTION
 CONTROL
‫א‬ CONTROL BUS
‫א‬ CONTROL VOLTAGE
‫א‬ COUNTER
 COUPLING CAPACITOR
 CRYSTAL
 CURRENT
-١٣٨-
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ CUTOFF FREQUENCY
 CYCLE
 DAMPED SINE WAVE
 DATA
‫א‬ DATA BUS
‫א‬ DECADE COUNTER
 DECIMAL
 DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER
 DIFFERENTIATOR AMPLIFIER
 DIGITAL
 DIODE
 DIRECT CURRENT DC
 DISCHARGE
 DISPLAY
 DISTORTION
 DIVIDER
 DUAL VOLTAGE
‫א‬ DUTY CYCLE
 EFFICIENCY
 ELECTROMAGNETIC
 EMITTER
 EMITTER FOLLOWER
-١٣٩-
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ FARAD
 FEEDBACK
 FILTER
 FLAG
 FLIP FLOP
 FREQUENCY
‫א‬ FUNCTION GENERATOR
 FUSE
 GAIN
‫א‬ GATE
 GROUND
 HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ HARMONIC DISTORTION
 HENRY
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ HIGH PASS FILTER
‫א‬ HYSTERESIS
‫א‬‫א‬ IDEAL RESPONSE
 IMPEDANCE
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ INDUCTANCE
 INDUCTOR
‫א‬‫א‬ INFRARED
  INPUT
-١٤٠-
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
 INTEGRATOR AMPLIFIER
 INVERTING AMPLIFIER
 INVERTING INPUT
 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE LED
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ LOW PASS FILTER
‫א‬‫א‬ MEMORY
‫א‬‫א‬ MICROCONTROLLER
 MODULATION
‫א‬‫א‬ MONOSTABLE
 NON INVERTING AMPLIFIER
 NON INVERTING INPUT
 NUMBER REPRESENTATION
 OFFSET CURRENT
 OFFSET NULL
‫א‬ OPEN CIRCUIT
‫א‬ OPEN LOOP GAIN
 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
 OSCILLATOR
 OUTPUT
‫א‬ PARALLEL
 PERIOD
-١٤١-
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
 PHASE
‫א‬‫א‬ PHASE ANGLE
‫א‬‫א‬ PHASE SHIFT
‫א‬ PHOTO TRANSISTOR
‫א‬‫א‬ PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT
 POLARITY
 POLARIZED CAPACITOR
‫א‬ POWER BANDWIDTH
‫א‬‫א‬ POWER DISSIPATION
‫א‬ POWER SUPPLY
 PROCESSOR
 PULSE
‫א‬ PULSE GENERATOR
 PULSE WAVE
‫א‬ QUARTZ
‫א‬‫א‬ RADIO SIGNALS
‫א‬‫א‬ RC FILTER
 REACTANCE
 RECTANGULAR WAVE
 REGISTER
 RELAY
‫א‬ RESET
-١٤٢-
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
 RESISTANCE
 RESONANCE
‫א‬ SATURATION
‫א‬ SAW TOOTH WAVE
 SCHEMATICS
 SEMI CONDUCTOR
 SERIES
 SHORT CIRCUIT
 SIGNAL
 SIGNAL GENERATOR
 SINE WAVE
‫א‬ SLEW RATE
 SOLAR CELL
‫א‬ SOLDERING IRON
 SPEAKER
 SPECTRUM
 SQUARE WAVE
 STEP WAVE
 STOP BAND
 SUMMING AMPLIFIER
‫א‬ SUPERPOSITION
 SUSCEPTANCE
-١٤٣-
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
 SWITCH
‫א‬ THRESHHOLD
‫א‬ TIME
 TIMER
 TOLERANCE
‫א‬‫א‬ TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER
 TRANSFORMER
‫א‬ TRANSISTOR
 TRIANGULAR WAVE
 TRIGGER
‫א‬ UNITS
‫א‬ UP-DOWN COUNTER
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ VIRTUAL EARTH
 VOLT
 VOLTAGE
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR
 VOLTMETER
 WAVE
‫א‬ WAVE LENGTH
‫א‬ WAVEFORM
 WAVEFORM GENERATION
 WIRE
-١٤٤-
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

Glencoe/Mc Graw-Hill Malvino Albert P. Electronic Principles, Sixth Edition
1999
Glencoe/Mc Graw-Hill Malvino Albert P. Experiments For Electronic Principles, Sixth
1999 Edition
Prentice Hall Thomas L. Floyd Electronic Fundamentals
2000
Butterworth-Heinmann Mike Tooly Electronic Circuits: Fundamentals and Applications
2001
Cambridge University Martin Hartley Jones A Practical Introduction to Electronic Circuits
Press, 1995
Prentice Hall Ronald A. Reis, Becoming An Electronics Technician: Securing
1999 Your High-Tech Future, 3/E
Prentice Hall Thomas L. Floyd Electronic Devices (Conventional Flow Version),
2001 6/E
Prentice Hall Thomas L. Floyd Electronics Fundamentals: Circuits, Devices, and
2000 Applications, 5/E
Prentice Hall Richard Spencer Introduction to Electronic Circuit Design
2002
 
-١٤٥-
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
     ٠
   K  ٠
 ١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ١
 ١    K١ J١
 ٣  ‫א‬‫א‬  K٢ J١
 ٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٣ J١
 ٣    K١ J٣ J١
 ٥ ‫א‬‫א‬  K٢ J٣ J١
 ٥  ECommon-Emitter Amplifier F‫א‬‫א‬  K٣ J٣ J١
 ١٠  ECommon-Collector Amplifier F‫א‬‫א‬  K٤ J٣ J١
 ١٤  ECommon-Base Amplifier F  K٥ J٣ J١
 ١٩  EPower AmplifiersF ‫א‬‫א‬  K٤ J١
١٩    K١ J٤ J١
١٩ (Class A Power Amplifier)EF‫א‬ K٢ J٤ J١
٢٢  (Class A and AB Power Amplifier)E-FEF‫א‬  K٣ J٤ J١
٢٥  (Class C Power Amplifier)EF‫א‬  K٤ J٤ J١
 ٢٦  EFrequency Response CurveF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٥ J١
 ٢٨  EGain Bandwidth ProductF‫א‬‫א‬  K٦ J١
 ٣٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
 ٣٢    ١
 ٣٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
 ٣٧  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١
 ٣٩   ١
 ٤١  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ٢
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٤١    K١ J٢

 ٤١  ‫א‬  K٢ J٢
 ٤١    K١ J٢ J٢
 ٤٣    K٢ J٢ J٢
 ٤٤  ‫א‬  K٣ J٢ J٢
 ٤٦  ‫א‬  K٤ J٢ J٢
 ٤٦  ‫א‬  K٥ J٢ J٢
 ٤٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K٦ J٢ J٢
 ٤٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٧ J٢ J٢
 ٤٩  ‫א‬ K١ J٧ J٢ J٢
 ٤٩  ‫א‬‫ א‬K٢ J٧ J٢ J٢
 ٤٩  EPower DissipationF‫א‬‫ א‬K٣ J٧ J٢ J٢
 ٤٩  ‫א‬‫א‬ K٤ J٧ J٢ J٢
 ٤٩  ‫א‬ K٥ J٧ J٢ J٢
 ٥٠  ‫א‬ K٦ J٧ J٢ J٢
 ٥٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧ J٧ J٢ J٢
 ٥٠  ‫א‬ K٨ J٧ J٢ J٢
 ٥٠  ECMRRF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩ J٧ J٢ J٢
 ٥١  ESlew RateF‫א‬ K١٠ J٧ J٢ J٢
 ٥٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K٨ J٢ J٢
 ٥٥  ‫א‬  K٩ J٢ J٢
 ٥٥  EInverting AmplifierF K١ J٩ J٢ J٢
 ٥٨  ENoninverting AmplifierF K٢ J٩ J٢ J٢
 ٦١  EComparatorAmplifierF‫א‬‫ א‬K٣ J٩ J٢ J٢
 ٦٣  ESumming AmplifierF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤ J٩ J٢ J٢
 ٦٥  EDifferentiator AmplifierF‫א‬‫ א‬K٥ J٩ J٢ J٢
 ٦٩  EIntegrator AmplifierF‫א‬‫ א‬K٦ J٩ J٢ J٢
 ٧٣  EFiltersF‫ א‬ K١٠ J٢ J٢
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٧٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١ J١٠ J٢ J٢

 ٧٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢ J١٠ J٢ J٢
 ٧٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣ J١٠ J٢ J٢
 ٧٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤ J١٠ J٢ J٢
 ٧٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥ J١٠ J٢ J٢
 ٧٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦ J١٠ J٢ J٢
 ٨٠  ‫א‬‫א‬ K٧ J١٠ J٢ J٢
٨٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢
٨٦    ٢
٩١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢
٩١  ‫א‬  ٢
٩٢    ٢
٩٤  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ٣
٩٤    K١ J٣
٩٤  ‫א‬  K٢ J٣
٩٥  555‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٣ J٣
٩٦  ‫א‬  K١ J٣ J٣
٩٧  A1‫ א‬ K٢ J٣ J٣
٩٧  A2‫ א‬ K٣ J٣ J٣
٩٧  T1‫א‬‫ א‬ K٤ J٣ J٣
٩٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٥ J٣ J٣
٩٩  EBufferF‫א‬  K٦ J٣ J٣
١٠٠  555‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٤ J٣
١٠٠  EMonostableF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K١ J٤ J٣
١٠٢  EAstableF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K٢ J٤ J٣
١٠٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٣
١٠٥    ٣
١٠٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٣
 ٢٦٠ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
١٠٦  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٣
١٠٧    ٣
١٠٩  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٤
١٠٩    K١ J٤
١١٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٢ J٤
١١٠  ‫א‬  K١ J٢ J٤
١١١  ‫א‬‫ א‬ K٢ J٢ J٤
١١٢  ‫א‬  K٣ J٢ J٤
١١٣  ‫א‬‫א‬  K٤ J٢ J٤
١١٤  EPhase shift circuitF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٥ J٢ J٤
١١٥  EWien Bridge CircuitF‫א‬  K٦ J٢ J٤
١١٧  EPhase-Shift OscillatorF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٣ J٤
١١٩  EWien-Bridge OscillatorF  K٤ J٤
١٢٠  ECrystal OscillatorFW  K٥ J٤
١٢٠    K١ J٥ J٤
١٢١  EPiezoelectric effectF-‫א‬‫ א‬ K٢ J٥ J٤
١٢٣  ‫א‬‫א‬  K٣ J٥ J٤
١٢٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ J٣ J٥ J٤
١٢٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ J٣ J٥ J٤
١٢٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٤
١٢٨    ٤
١٣٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٤
١٣٠  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٤
١٣١    ٤
١٣٢  –W  
١٤٠  ‫א‬  
١٤١  ‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

دوائر إلكترونية - نظري

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

دوائر إلكترونية - نظري

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles



 KEDC currentsF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WIE, IC, IB

KEDC voltagesF ‫א‬‫א‬WVB, VC, VE

 KEac currentsF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wie, ic, ib

KEac voltagesF ‫א‬‫א‬Wvb, vc, ve

 WECommon-Emitter Amplifier F‫א‬‫א‬ .٣-٣-١

 ‫א‬ W3-1‫א‬

 WECommon-Collector Amplifier F‫א‬‫א‬ .٤-٣-١

VCE = VC - VE = 10 V – 4.25 V = 5.75V

WECommon-Base AmplifierF .٥-٣-١

‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬

  WEPower AmplifierF‫א‬‫א‬ .٤-١

 EClass C Power AmplifierFEF‫א‬‫א‬ .٤-٤-١

 WEFrequency Response CurveF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥-١

 WEGain Bandwidth ProductF‫א‬‫א‬ .٦-١

 31.6 (V/V)101.530 dB‫א‬

  (Class B push-pull Amplifier)-W26-1‫א‬

 KEF١٠-١،EF٩-١،EF٨-١EF٧-١،EF٦-١ ،EF٥-١ ،EF٤-١،EF٣-١،EF٢-١،EF١-١

 22-1‫א‬DC ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢١-١

βac  iin  iout Rout  Rin AV

 -Vsat < Vout < +Vsat

 JVsat+Vsat‫א‬Vsat‫א‬‫א‬KVout < Vsat

 Rin » RF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

(6-2)   I f = (VA - Vout ) / R F

WEPower DissipationF‫א‬‫ א‬K٣ J٧ J٢ J٢

W‫א‬‫א‬ K٤ J٧ J٢ J٢

W‫א‬ K٦ J٧ J٢ J٢

WECMRRF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩ J٧ J٢ J٢

WESlew RateF‫א‬ K١٠ J٧ J٢ J٢

Hybrid BJT BJT BiFET BJT Technology

 WENoninverting AmplifierF K٢ J٩ J٢ J٢

 WEComparatorAmplifierF‫א‬‫ א‬K٣ J٩ J٢ J٢

  W18-2‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W19-2‫א‬

 ‫א‬ W20-2‫א‬

 WESumming AmplifierF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤ J٩ J٢ J٢

WEDifferentiator AmplifierF‫א‬‫ א‬K٥ J٩ J٢ J٢

 EF‫א‬ EF  W 28-2‫א‬  

 WEIntegrator AmplifierF‫א‬‫ א‬K٦ J٩ J٢ J٢

  KVC = (-5V)tVin = 5 mV R = 1 kΩ C = 1 µF

:E37-2‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١-١٠-٢-٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W44-2

47-2‫א‬ 13-2 12-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ELow-Pass, High-Pass, Band-Pass, Band-StopF K٨ J٢

:‫أﻣﻸ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت‬

555  W1-3‫א‬  

Vo‫א‬‫א‬ VC ‫ א‬W8-3‫א‬

‫א‬TL ‫א‬‫א‬TH‫א‬ 8-3‫א‬

 TL = 0.693R 2C = 0.693(1MΩ)(0.68µF) = 0.693(106 Ω)(0.68x10−6 F) = 0.47s  

 WEPhase shift circuitF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥-٢-٤

WEPhase-Shift OscillatorF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢-٤

  R F = 29R = 29(10kΩ) = 290kΩ  

 WEWien-Bridge OscillatorF .٣-٤

‫א‬‫א‬ EF ‫א‬‫א‬EF  

‫א‬K5 Vrms KR1 = R2, C1 = C2‫א‬‫א‬ K٨ J٤

 K180º ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩ J٤

  ‫؟‬K‫א‬ K١٠ J٤

vin(rms) = 2.2 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kfr = 3.5 kHz‫א‬ K١٣ J٤

vout(rms) ‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫؟‬fr‫א‬‫؟‬١٤-٣‫א‬‫א‬Rf ‫א‬ K١٥ J٤

‫א‬ ADDRESS BUS

 ALL PASS

 ALTERNATING CURRENT AC

‫א‬ AUDIO AMPLIFIER

‫א‬‫א‬ BAND PASS FILTER