Jonathan Khan October 29, 2010

Ms. Crowley Standardization of Acids and Bases Lab

Materials:

1. Erlenmeyer Flask

2. Graduated Cylinder

3. Burette

4. Electronic Balance Scale

5. Approximately 60 mL of NaOH

6. Two samples of HCl each containing exactly 20 mL (unknown Molarity)

7. Two Samples each massing less than 1.5 grams of Potassium Acid Phthalate [KHP] (KHC8H4O4)

Procedure:

1. Mass and record the mass of an Erlenmeyer flask

2. Add less than 1.5 grams of KHP to the flask
3. Calculate and record the number of moles of KHP that are present in the beaker
4. Completely dissolve the KHP in a small amount of water
5. Add a few drops of phenolphthalein to the acid solution
6. Fill and prime a burette with about 60 mL of NaOH solution with unknown molarity.
7. Titrate the acid with the base solution until the acid solution turns the slightest shade of pink
8. Record the amount of NaOH solution used
9. Determine the molarity of the NaOH solution
10. Repeat steps 1-9, then calculate the
a. Average number of moles of KHP
b. Average molarity of the NaOH solution
11. Fill a graduated cylinder with exactly 20 mL of unknown molarity HCl
12. Add a few drops of phenolphthalein to the HCl
13. Titrate the HCl with the NaOH until the HCl solution turns the slightest shade of pink
14. Record the amount of NaOH solution used
15. Repeat steps 11-14, then calculate the average molarity of the HCl solution
KHP (KHC8H4O4)

 K: 39.100 x 1 = 39.100
 H: 1.008 x 5 = 5.040
 C: 12.010 x 8 = 96.080
 O: 16.000 x 4 = 64.000
204.220 g/Mol

Trials with KHP

Trial 1: 1.21g KHP 1 mol = 5.92 x 10-3 mol
Trial 1 Trial 2 1 204.220g KHP
Mass of 55.81g 55.81g
Empty Flask Trial 2: 1.22g KHP 1 mol = 5.97 x 10-3 mol
1 204.220g KHP
Mass of Flask 57.02g 57.03g
with KHP Titration Results

Trial 1 (KHP) Trial 2 (KHP) Hydrochloric 1 Hydrochloric 2

Mass of KHP 1.21g 1.22g
Initial Reading 0.00 mL 6.05 mL 12.40 mL 22.10 mL

Moles of KHP 5.92 x 10-3 mol 5.97 x 10-3 mol

Final Reading 6.05 mL 12.40 mL 22.10 mL 32.20 mL

Average Moles 5.95 x 10-3 mol

Volume Titrated 6.05 mL 6.35 mL 9.70 mL 10.10 mL
of KHP

Molarity of Base
Mol H+ = Mol OH
Volume
Trial 1 (KHP): 5.95 x 10-3 mol = 9.83 x 10-1 M
6.35 x 10-3 L

Trial 2 (KHP): 5.95 x 10-3 mol = 9.37 x 10-1 M

6.05 x 10-3 L
Average Molarity of Base
[(9.83 x 10-1) + (9.37 x 10-1)] = 9.60 x 10-1 M
2

Molarity of HCl
(Molarity of Acid) x (Volume of Acid) = (Molarity of Base) x (Volume of Base)
 HCl Trial 1: (X Molar HCl) (.02 L HCl) = (9.60 x 10-1 M NaOH) (9.70 x 10-3 L NaOH)

.02X = 9.31 x 10-3

.02 .02
X = 4.66 x 10-1

4.66 x 10-1 M
HCl Trial 2: (X Molar HCl) (.02 L HCl) = (9.60 x 10-1 M NaOH) (9.60 x 10-2 L
NaOH)

.02X = 9.70 x 10-3

.02 .02
X = 4.85 x 10-1

Average Molarity of HCl 4.85 x 10-1 M

[(4.66 x 10-1) + (4.85 x 10-1)] = 4.76 x 10-1 M
2
Molarity of HCl Results

Molarity

Molarity of HCl Trial1 4.66 x 10-1 M

Molarity of HCl Trial 2 4.85 x 10-1 M

Average Molarity of HCl 4.76 x 10-1 M

Conclusion and Analysis Questions

1. You rinse the burette with water before titrating. What effect will this have on the molarity of the
NaOH?
a. If the burette was rinsed with water and not thoroughly dried before being filled with base, the
molarity of the base would decrease. This is due to the same number of moles of NaOH being
dissolved in more water, thus lowering the concentration. Molarity is simply just a measure of
concentration, if you add more water to a solution, you will have a smaller concentration of
solute which in this case is NaOH.

2. The volume of water needed to dissolve the KHP was not recorded. Why?
a. The volume of water that was needed to dissolve the KHP was not recorded, because the
molarity of the acid was unnecessary. What was needed were the moles of KHP, which in turn
would give you the moles of H+ ions based on the fact that in a neutral solution, mols of H+ are
equal to the mols of OH-. After calculating how many moles of H+ there were, the solution of
KHP was neutralized with NaOH. When the solution turned pink, it was neutral. The volume of
NaOH solution used was calculated, and then the moles of H+ were divided by the amount of
NaOH solution used, thus giving us the molarity of the NaOH solution, and rendering the
amount of water needed to dissolve the KHP unnecessary.

3. What happens to the molarity of base of we do not prime the base?

a. If the burette is not primed before using it to titrate base, physically nothing happens to the
molarity of the base. But mathematically, it appears as if you are using more of the base than
what is really coming out. This is due to the base having to fill up the tip of the burette before
going into the acd solution. When mathematically solving for the molarity of the base, it will
seem as if the base has a lower molarity than what it really is due to the use of more base because
the tip needed to be primed. The use of more base indicates a lower molarity due to the equation
(Molarity of Acid) (Volume of Acid) = (Molarity of Base) (Volume of Base).