σ   R2 

−1 2

21.91: (a) As in 22.72: E = 1 −  2 + 1 
2ε0   x  


4.00 pC π (0.025 m) 2   (0.025 m) 2 

−1 2

= 1 −  2
+ 1 ⇒E
2 ε0   (0.200 m)  

=0.89 N C inthe +x-direction.

σ
b)  x >> R, E = 2ε [1 − (1 − R 2 x + 3R 8 x − ⋅ ⋅ ⋅)]
2 2 4 4

σ R2 σπR 2 Q
≈ 2
= 2
= .
2 ε0 2 x 4πε 0 x 4πε 0 x 2

c) The electric field of (a) is less than that of the point charge (0.90 N C) since the
correction term that was omitted was negative.
(0.9 − 0.89)
d) From above x = 0.2 m = 0.01 = 1%. For x = 0.1 m
0.89
Edisk = 3.43 N C
Epoint = 3.6 N C

(3.6 − 3.43)
so = 0.047 ≈ 5%.
3.6