21.

102: a)  Q  Aσ  π ( R22  R22 )σ

b) Recall the electric field of a disk, Eq. (21.11):

E
σ
2ε0
11 
( R x) 2  1 . So,

E ( x) 
σ
2 ε0
 1 1 ( R2 x) 2  1   1  1 ( R1 x) 2  1  x
x
ˆ  E ( x) 
i

1 1 
x ˆ
( R2 x) 2  1  1 ( R1 x) 2 i.
x

x x  ( x R1 ) 2 
c) Note that 1 ( R1 x) 2  1  (1  ( x R1 ) 2 ) 1 2
 1   ... 
R1 R1  2 
 σ  x x  x ˆ σ  1 1  x ˆ
 E ( x)     i     i, and sufficiently close means that
2ε0  R1 R2  x 2 ε0 R
 1 R2  x
2

( x R1 ) 2  1.
qσ  1 1  ω 1 qσ  1 1 
d) F  qE ( x)      x  mx  f     .
2ε0  R1 R2  2π 2π 2ε0 m  R1 R2 