SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT

ON

“EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY”

SUBMITTED TO

PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY JALANDHAR

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF AWARD OF

DEGREE OF “MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION” (M.B.A)

SUBMITTED BY: PROJECT GUIDE:

Manpreet Singh MR. SATNAM SINGH

UNIV.ROLL NO. (LECTURER IN MANAGEMENT)

SESSION 2009-2011

LALA LAJPAT RAI MEMORIAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND

TECHONOLOGY (DHUDI-KE) MOGA

 STUDENT DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project report entitled, ''Employee Health And

Safety” at Verka Milk Plant, Ludhiana submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirement for the degree of Business Administration to L. R. M. I. M. T. of Dhudi

Ke is my original work and not submitted for the award of other degree, diploma,

fellowship, or any other similar title or prize.

Place: Ludhiana

Manpreet Singh
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

If words are considered as a symbol of approval and token of appreciation then let the
words play the heralding role of expressing my gratitude

I am greatly indebted to Mr, HR Manager for giving me the opportunity to undertake

the training in “Verka”. Words can never express my feelings towards Mr. Suresh
Mehendiratta, Mr. Abhishek, Mr. Jaya Kumar, Mr. Sushil Kumar Mr. Balwinder
Kumar for their help for directing and encouraging me throughout the training.

I am greatly obliged to \our Director Mrs……… and all the lecturers of MBA
department for their guidance which helped me a lot for completing my Project
Report and those who directly and indirectly helped me to do my project work
successfully.

I would like incomplete without expressing whole hearted thanks to all my friends
who have been the constant resource of encouragement and support throughout this
project especially Daljeet who has joined me in the project . I am also thankful to my
family for their support for completing the project

Above all it is the grace of God which has led and blessed me all the way in my life to
make this work a fruitful one

Manpreet Singh
 PREFACE

The main purpose of summer training is to supplement the theoretical knowledge with
practical knowledge. This report is an endeavor to assimilate and put towards all the
knowledge and experience that I have got during the training period in Verka milk
plant India Limited (Ludhiana factory)

An employ spends about 8 hours at the place of work during any working day. He
must be provided with such types of facilities which will maintain his health and keep
him interested in his work. It is the responsibility of every management to ensure
workers health and safety. Healthy working conditions and industrial safety are
directly related to the efficiency of the worker that is why I have chosen this topic for
the summer training.

The research during the summer training is going to play a very important role in
developing self-confidence for my future. The knowledge gained from the training
done in Verka India Limited (Ludhiana factory) is a lifetime experience that I will
treasure forever. I have described the Health & Safety provisions in Verka Milk Plant
Limited (Ludhiana factory) in this summer training report. This training paves the
way to know about the detailed overview of how important healthy & safe working
conditions are for a company as well as for the employees and the provisions of
factory act (1948).
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter no. Particular Remark

Chapter no. 1 Company profile
1.1 Introduction
1.2 A word about Nestle
1.3 Historical development
1.4 Nestle philosophy
1.5 Nestle logo history
1.6 Nestle –the organization
1.7 Organization structure of Nestle
1.8 Bussiness principle of Nestle
1.9 Product range of Nestle
1.10 Nestle India –Presence across India
1.11 Factory layout
1.12 Establishment of Moga factory
1.13 Salient feature of Moga factory
1.14 Nestle Moga –Product range
1.15 Rational of good working condition
Chapter no 2 Project introduction
2.1 Physical environment or health working
condition
2.2 Medical facility and DI Spenser
Dispensary
2.3 Service provided by dispensary
2.4 Safety
2.5 Safety department
2.6 Safety in industry
2.7 Safety in industry
Industry accident
Cacuses of industry accident
2.8 Effect of accident
2.9 Occupational health &safety policy
2.10 Measures for ensuring industrial safety
2.11 Safety education
2.12 Safety of factory workers
Chapter no .3 Review of literature
Objectives
Research methodology
4.1 Meaning
4.2 Research design
4.3 Data
4.3.1 Type
4.4 Sample design
 4.4.1 Sampling procedure
4.4.2 Sampling unit
4.4.3 Sampling size
4.4.4 Techniques
4.5 Contract methods
4.6 Data analysis
Chapter no. 5 Analysis &Interpotation
Conclusion &suggestion
• Conclusion
• Suggestion
• Limitation
• Bibliography
• Annexure
Questionnaire
CHAPTER – 1
COMPANY
PROFILE
 1.1 INTRODUCTION

Working conditions have attracted a great deal of attention of managements of

business and other organizations in the recent years. There are two basic reasons for
this .Firstly, the growth rate of trade union movement has compelled the
managements to provide better working conditions to the employees, Secondly,
enlighted managements realise the significance of better working conditions facilities
to employees for achieving greater productivity and efficiency in the organization. An
employ spends about 8 hours at the place of work during any working day. He must
be provided with such types of facilities which will maintain his health and keep him
interested in his work.

In this project report I have explained about what type of working conditions are
required for the employees under Factories Act, 1948. There should be neat and clean
physical working environment in which the employees have to work ,proper lighting
should be there, proper working space and seating arrangement, drinking water should
be available cafeteria restrooms washing facilities ,dispensary services , recreational
facilities , safety provisions should be there in case of fire etc. It is the responsibility
of every management to ensure workers health and safety. Healthy working
conditions and industrial safety are directly related to the efficiency of the workers.

The health and safety provisions are explained in context with Nestlé India Limited
which is a multinational company during summer training in its Moga Factory. Nestlé
is the world’s largest food company with its international headquarters at Vevey,
Switzerland. With almost 500 factories world wide it employs almost 2, 30,000
people. It is the only multinational established in
 1.15 RATIONALE OF GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS

Working conditions have attracted a great deal of attention of managements of

business and other organizations in the recent years. There are two basic reasons for
this .Firstly, the growth rate of trade union movement has compelled the
managements to provide better working conditions to the employees, Secondly,
enlighted managements realise the significance of better working conditions facilities
to employees for achieving greater productivity and efficiency in the organization. An
employ spends about 8 hours at the place of work during any working day. He must
be provided with such types of facilities which will maintain his health and keep him
interested in his work

There are many repercussions of not providing good working facilities to the
employees. Firstly, the employee will not be able to concentrate on his work
.Secondly, he will not feel like he is putting his best if the working conditions are not
good. Thirdly, bad working conditions will tell upon the health of an average
employ .fourthly there will be higher rate of absenteeism. and labour turnover. Finally
,there will be wastage of resources of the organization because of lower efficiency.
The quality of work will also deteriorate. To avoid these type of bad effects the
management should provide good working conditions to the workers

There are mainly three type of working conditions in which the workers have to work.
These are (1) Physical Environment (2) Mental Environment & (3) Social
Environment. All these means that surroundings in which the workers have to work
.Physical environment includes physical factors prevalent with in the factory. Mental
environment means the stress regarding the work load. Favorable mental environment
create satisfaction among the workers. And social environment means the relations of
management with the employees. Thus the should be provided with healthy and safe
working conditions to the workers.
 CHAPTER - 2
INTRODUCTION
TO
EMPLOYEE
HEALTH & SAFETY
PROJECT INTRODUCTION

2.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OR HEALTHY

WORKING CONDITIONS

It is essential to ensure favourable working conditions so that the workers can perform
their tasks without experiencing physical or mental strain.Some of the conditions
surrounding a worker as he does his job and affecting his physical well being and thus
his efficiency, are as under:

1) CLEANLINESS
2) LIGHTING
3) TEMPERATURE AND VENTILATION
4) FREEDOM FROM NOISE
5) DUST
6) WORKING SPACE AND SEATING ARRANGEMENT

1) CLEANLINESS: It is essential for health.Dust should be removed daily from

all rooms, passage and stair-cases.Sufficient spittoons should be provided at
convenient places and should be kept hygienic, properly cleaned and disinfected.

2) LIGHTING: Good lighting can facilitate higher production.It is essential to the

health, safety, and efficiency of workers. Without proper lighting, eye damage will
occur, accident and spoilageof material will increase and production will slow
down.The efficiency of workers directly depends on his ability to see the objects
accurately and quickly.Thus, lighting must be adequate and free from defects.

3) TEMPERATURE AND VENTILATION: The employees must be

provided tolerable temperature if they are to work efficiently.Their efficiency is
bound to suffer if the temperature of the work place is either too high or too low.Steps
should be taken to ensure flow of fresh air having right temperature and
humidity.proper ventilation is necessary to ensure the circulation of fresh air and
remove congestion in the plant.If the ventilation arrangement is not provided, the air
will become stale and the employees will feel tired and sleepy.This will reduce their
efficiency.Electric fans, circulate fresh air and exhaust fans expel the stale air.

4) FREEDOM FROM NOISE: Noise may be defined as an unwanted sound in

or outside the factory.It has an adverse effect on the minds of employees staff and
tells upon their efficiency.It is source of distribution to the employees and does not
allow them to work with concentration. Therefore, it is essential to keep noise under
control. There are two types of noise, namely, internal and external.
Internal noise is caused by conversation, running of machines, movement of workers,
clerks, peons and visitors through corridors.Noise is also created by incoming and
outgoing telephone calls.Internal noise can be controlled more easily as compared to
external noise.External noise comes from outside the factory premises.It enters
through doors, windows, and ventilators.The external noise cannot be eliminated.But
sound proof walls, double doors, and glass panes can be used to prevent the external
noise from entering the premises.

5) DUST: In certain areas or regions, the ratio of dust in the atmosphere is quite
high.When dust enters the factory, it effects the health of the employees
adversely.Dust also reduces the life of various machines and equipments.Therefore it
is essential to check the entry of dust into the factory premises.
It may be difficult to check entry of dust into the factory.Dust should be cleaned quite
regularly because it not only pollutes the environment but also has an adverse impact
on the intensity of light.

7) WORKING SPACE AND SEATING ARRANGEMENT:

Adequate space should be provided for workers, materials, tools and
equipments for their free and unhindered movement from one machine or
process to another.There should also be enough seating arrangement for the
workers.
 2.2 MEDICAL FACILITIES AND DI SPENSERY

The company covers the medical expenses of permanent employees. All the
permanent employees are having health insurance for himself and spouse the
company will bear 60% charges. The company pays Rs 25000/- if the employee gets
admitted in the hospital and pay Rs 11500/- if spouse or children get admitted. Apart
from this Rs 25000/- are given for routine checkups. Apart form all this each and
every permanent employee’s full body checkups and tests are done free of cost in
CMC Hospital Ludhiana. This checkup includes about 35 tests. These tests are done
every year

DISPENSERY

The company has a dispensary with full time pharmacist Ramesh Kapoor and two
visiting doctors Dr. R.C.Mittal and Dr. Asutosh Sharma. The dispensary is open from
8A.M. to 5 P.M. it is equipped to provide for the treatment of minor ailments and first
aid in case of accident .The dispensary performs routine checkups .the health record
of the employees is kept on the medical card and is kept with the dispensary including
the blood group

The main objective of the Nestlé Dispensary is to provide free first aid and health care
facilities to the employees who are prone to many hazards while working .The
Company provides medical and health care facilities to its employees in many ways.
All the departments are equipped with first aid boxes. In case of any minor injury the
employees can take the necessary medicines from the first aid box.

The stock of dispensary is ordered for six months in advance and the monthly stock is
received on the first day of every month .more .Than 50 types of medicines are
received every month for the medical treatment of employees . the monthly closing
stock is brought forward for next coming month and is added to the fresh stock .the
authorized persons are appointed to carry out dispensary services.
 2.3 SERVICES PROVIDED BY DISPENSARY

There are so many facilities which are provided to the employees by the dispensary
services of the Nestlé Company.

 60-60 First aid boxes are placed at different locations in each department for
emergency cases after the working hours of the Company and for the holidays.
These first aid boxes are filled with cotton, bandages, ointments and medicines
daily by the authorized persons and almost all the employees are satisfied from
the facility.
 There are about 80-100 trained first-aiders cum workers in every department
who provide help in giving first aid to the required person in odd hours
because the dispensary service is not available for the night shifts.
 Because of greenery and plants some times snake can come and bite any
employee The Company provides free treatment for snake bite cases by
specially bought snake bite kits for the welfare of the employees.
 The company provides medical scheme for hospitalization and covers about
60 hospitals (inside and outside Moga district) under this scheme to provide
benefits to the employees and reimburse the medical expenses.
 The dispensary is equipped with ambulance facility to carry the injured
employee from different departments and also to take them to the near by
hospital if the case is out of control for them.
 There is a bed inside the dispensary where the injured person can be laid
 There is provision of eye sight checking in the dispensary where the
employees can check their eye sight.
 During night shifts there is provision of ambulance to take the injured or sick
employee to the hospital with in the area of 100 meter
2.4 HEALTH OF WORKERS IN FACTORIES

Secs.11 to 20 of the Fvctories Act, 1948 contain provisions regarding creation of

healthy working conditions for workers. These are examined below:
1. Cleanliness (sec.11)
2. Disposal of Wastes and Effluents (sec.12)
3. Ventilation and Temperature (sec.13)
4. Dust and Fume (sec.14)
5. Artificial Humidification (sec.15)
6. Overcrowding (sec.16)
7. Lighting (sec.17)
8. Drinking Water (sec.18)
9. Latrines and Urinals (sec.19)
10. Spittoons (sec.20)

1. CLEANLINESS (SEC.11): Every factory shall be kept clean and free

from effluvia arising from any drain, privy,or the nuisance, and in particular:

a) accumulation of dirt and refuse shall be removed daily by sweeping or by any

other effective method from the floors and benches of work rooms and from
staircases and passage, and disposed of in a suitable manner;
b) the floor of every room shall be cleaned at least once in every week by
washing, using disinfectant, where necessary, or by some other effective
method;
c) where a floor is liable to become wet in the course of any manufacturing
process to such extent as is capable of being drained, effective means of
drainage shall be provided and maintained;
d) all inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops of rooms and all walls, sides
and tops of passages and staircases shall be suitably cleaned, repainted or
revarnished periodically.
In Nestlé factory the section 11 of factory act 1948 in taken under full consideration.
There are proper cleaning equipments for cleaning floors. You will find all the factory
places neat and clean any time. In production areas when one shift is over all the area
is properly cleaned so that the next shift will find the work place clean. Taking in
consideration the point washing facility is there in the factory from where the workers
get their uniforms washed.

2. DISPOSAL OF WASTES AND EFFLUENTS (SEC.12): Effective

arrangementshall be made in every factory for the treatment of wastes and effluents
due to the manufacturing process carried on therein, so as to render them innocuous,
and for their disposal.
In Nestlé factory the disposal system is very good. For the disposal of wastes there is
a canal near the factory. There is water purifier which purifies the water and that
water used for the plants. There is time to time checking of the water by the
Environment officers

3. VENTILATION AND TEMPERATURE (SEC.13): Effective and

suitable provision shall be made in every factory for securing and maintaining in
every workroom:
a) adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air, and
b) such a temperature as will secure to workers therein reasonable conditions of
comfort and prevent injury to health, and in particular;
I. walls and roofs shall be of such material and as designed that such
temperature shall not be exceeded but kept as low as particular;
II. where the nature of the work carried on in the factory involves, or is
likely to involve, the production of excessively high temperature, such
adequate measures as are practicable shall be taken to protect the
workers therefrom, by separating the process which produces such
temperature from the workroom, by insulating the hot parts or other
effective means.
In Nestlé most of the factory places are air conditioned there is central Air
conditioner in the main office. Almost all the areas (leaving those where some
cooking work is done. The areas where AC can not be used those areas are properly
ventilated
4. DUST AND FUMES (SEC.14): In every factory in which, by reason of the
manufacturing process carried on, there is given off any dust or fume or other
impurity of such a nature and to such an extent as is likely to be injurious or offensive
to the workers employed therein, or any dust in substantial quantities, effective
measures shall be taken to prevent its inhalation and accumulation in any workroom,
and if any exhaust appliance is necessary for this purpose, it shall be applied as near
as possible to the point of origin of dust, fume or other impurity, and such point shall
be enclosed so far as possible.
In any factory, no stationary internal combustion engine shall be operated unless the
exhaust is conducted into the open air and no other internal combustion engine shall
be operated in any room unless effective measures have been taken to prevent such
accumulation of fumes therefrom as are likely to be injurious to workers employed in
the room.
In Nestlé all the factory area is either cemented or there are grassy lawns inside the
factory so the chances of the presence of the dust are very low in Nestlé Moga factory.
Air conditioning system help in checking the entry of dust in the office Even then the
regular cleaning is done to avoid the ham to the workers as well as the machinery and
equipments.

5. ARTIFITIAL HUMIDATION (SEC.15): In respect of all factories in

which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the state government may make
rules:
a) prescribing standards of humidification;
b) regulating the methods used for artificially increasing the humidity of the air;
c) directing prescribed tests for determining the humidity of the air to be
correctly carried out and recorded;
prescribing method to be adopted for securing adequate ventilation
d) and cooling of the air in the workrooms
In Nestlé most of the factory places are air conditioned there is central Air
conditioner in the factory and proper exhaustion system is there in all the production
area of the factory.
6. OVERCROWDING (SEC.16):
1. No room in any factory shall be overcrowded to an extent injurious to
the health of the workers employed therein.

2.Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (1), there shall be

in every workroom of a factory in the existence on the date of
the commencement of this act at least three hundered fifty cubic feet
of space for every worker employed therein, and for the purpose of
this sub-section, no account shall be taken of any space which is more
than fourteen feet above the level of the floor of the room
In Nestlé all the production areas are quite special and there is not any sort of over
crowding in the production areas. There is also the proper seating arrangement in the
productions areas. Apart from this there are rest rooms where they can rest

7. LIGHTING (SEC. 17):

1. In every part of a factory where workers are working or passing there shall be
provided and maintained sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or artificial,
or both.
2. In every factory, effective provision shall, so far as is practicable, be made for
the prevention of;
a) Glare, either directly from a source of light or by reflection from
smooth or polished surface;
b) The formation of shadows to such an extent as to cause eye strain or
the risk of accident to any worker.
In Nestlé the lighting system is very good. There is proper arrangement of light
during day and night. Tube lights are fitted along with the reflectors witch increases
the light very much. There is contract with the contractors who will time to time
check the tube lights and replace the defected ones
8. DRINKING WATER (SEC.18):
1. In every factory, effective arrangements shall be made to provide and
maintain at suitable points conveniently situated for all workers employed
therein a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water.
2. All such points shall be legibly marked drinking water in a language
understood by a majority of the workers employed in the factory, and no such
point shall be situated within twenty feet of any washing place, urinal or
latrine unless a shorter distance is approved in writing by the chief inspector.
3. In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are
ordinarily employed, provisions shall be made for cooling drinking water
during hot weather by effective means and for distribution thereof.
In Nestlé there is proper provision of drinking water for the employees. In each and
every production area pure drinking water tapes are there. In summer season there is
provision of cold drinking water. Disposable glass are used for drinking the water.
9. LATRINES AND URINALS (SEC.19): In every factory:
a) Sufficient latrines and urinals accommodation of prescribed types shall be
provided conveniently situated and accessible to woirkers at all times while
they are at the factory;
b) Separate enclosed accommodation shall be provided for male and female
workers;
c) Such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and ventilated,
d) All such accommodation shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition
at all times;
e) Sweepers shall be employed whose primary duty would be to keep clean
latrines, urinals, and washing places.
In Nestlé there is provision of Toilets in different areas of the factory. For female
workers there three toilets in different areas one in main office and other two in the
social blocks. These Toilets are kept neat and clean. There is weekly checking of
cleanliness in the toilets.
10. SPITTOONS (SEC.20): In every factory, there shall be provided a sufficient
number of spittoons in convenient places and they shall be maintained in a clean and
hygienic condition.
. 2.5 SAFETY
Safety is very important part of any organization in this present era. So Nestle also
takes care of this very aspect to save its employees as well as to maintain
the safety level in company premises. Safety Officer gives training related
to safety precautions to the employees and also to the Trainees. Keeping in
view the nature of the job and activities performed, safety of employees
assumes a critical role observance of safety rules and practices is the
responsibility of all Nestlé employees. An unsafe act of one employee
endangers other, as well as himself. Therefore, certain safety rules have
been developed for all the plants. Every newcomer is required to acquaint
himself with these norms. For certain operations, as per the safety norms,
the employees are required to use appropriate “Protective Equipment”. E.g.
Safety shoes, Gloves, Goggles, Safety Belts, Face Shields, Aprons etc. each
employee must use this protective equipments for his own safety and for
safety of other around. As entry is restricted in certain dangerous and
hazardous areas, the employee must acquaint himself with all such places.

2.6 SAFETY DEPARTMENT

In Nestlé India Limited Moga Factory there is a separate “Safety Department” having
four members. One H.O.D.Mr.Sachidananda Swain, two operators and one engineer.
This Safety Department performs all the functions regarding safety assurance. They
give the safety education to the employees, check the guarding of the machinery,
make regular inspection of the plant, provide proper clothing the employees and make
the safety programme

The Safety Department work for the maintenance of the plant. If there some defect in
the machines safety offices makes the inspection and change the worn out parts if
there is some delay in the replacing they tell the workers to take more precautions.
Safety department has placed hoardings in the various parts of the factory to give
safety education to the workers.
 2.7 SAFETY IN INDUSTRY

It is the responsibility of every management to ensure workers’ safety while they are
at work.. Safety measures not only result in reduced industrial accidents but also raise
industrial efficiency.Therefore, employers should lay emphasis on safety measures in
their plants.Industrial Safety measures include precautionary steps to be taken by the
management of an enterprise in order to prevent accidents.Thus, accident prevention
is the main objective of any safety programme.Accidents in industry cause damage to
property and life.

(a) What is an Industrial Accident?

An industrial accident is an unexpected occurrence in an industrial establishment

causing bodily injury to one or more persons. Under the factories act, 1948, an
industrial accident has been defined as,“an occurrence in an industrial establishment
causing bodily injury to a person which make him unfit to resume his duties in the
next 48 hours.” In other words, it is an unexpected event and is always sudden.

(b) CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

We may classify the causes of industrial accidents into four categories as follows:
a) Inherent hazards
b) Collison
c) Slip or fall on floors and stair-casings
d) Miscellaneous causes

a) INHERENT HAZARDS: There are many jobs in industries which are highly
prone to accidents. Coal mining, marine transport, quarry and construction are
considered more dangerous industries as compared to communication, banking and
tobacco industries.

b) COLLISON:This takes place when:

 There are inadequate lighting arrangements,
  Furniture and equipments are placed improperly,
 Edges of equipment are not properly covered, and
 Cabinet drawers are left open

c) SLIP OR FALL ON FLOORS AND STAIR-CASINGS:This happens

when:
 The floor and staircases are wet with water, soap or oily substance,
 The floor is highly polished and slippery,
 The floor is covered with carpets and the carpets are torn or loose,
 The telephone cables trail on the floor, and
 There is lack of proper lighting.

d) MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES: Sometimes, accidents occur due to:

 Excessive noise,
 Lack of cleanliness,
 Leaking of electric cables,
 Either very high or very low temperature,
 Industrial fatigue,
 Machines operating at a high speed,
 Poor health of the workers, and
 Age and experience of the workers.
 2.8 EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS
Accidents have disastrous effects on the organization, the employees and the society
at large. Accidents prove costly for the organization as workers have to be
compensated and machinery has to be repaired. Besides, lost man days of the affected
workers and cost of training of new workers further burden the cost of production.
Employees also suffer adversely from accidents.They face mental and psychological
shock, more so when they or their colleagues become physically disabled.Accidents
have demoralizing effect on the workers. Their morale is lowered.Moreover, the rates
of absenteeism and labour turnover go up.
Industrial accidents affect the health of the workers adversely. Sometimes they also
affect the general public adversely.The Bhopal Gas Leak tragedy in 1985 is a case in
point. Thousands of people were killed and several thousands became disabled in this
accident. Thus, efforts should be avoid industrial accidents in the interest of workers,
employers and the society at large
2 .9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &SAFETY POLICY
In line with the Corporate Nestlé policy on the Occupational Health and Safety at
work, we at Verka India Ltd. Ludhiana, regard people as our most valuable asset and
place the highest priority on protecting them.

As an integral part of managing the business, all Verka managers are accountable for
managing workplace occupational health and safety with demonstrated leadership,
motivation and participation. Employees at all levels are responsible to work in a safe
manner to prevent injury and ill- health to themselves and their co-workers.

We drive our value-based occupational health and safety culture for continual
improvement in our OH&S performance by
 Conducting risk assessments and take appropriate preventive actions to
minimize residual risk to human health and safety.
 Promoting safe acts and correcting unsafe acts
 Ensuring compliance with all relevant legal and other requirements pertaining
to occupational health and safety.
  Actively engaging our employees and other stake holders to drive
implementation of all elements of our Nestle Occupational Health and safety
Management System through consultation ,communication and participation
at all levels
 Educating, training and equipping staff at all levels to ensure they are
empowered to prevent unsafe situations/ behaviors and to respond promptly to
unexpected events.
 Setting targets and monitoring our management systems.
 Fostering communication with all stakeholders.
We understand our responsibility towards the community and third parties in
managing safety. We enforce our H&S policy on the third parties operating at our
sites and encourage our suppliers and contractors to follow similar standard
2.10 MEASURES FOR ENSURING INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

There should be a Safety Director in every industrial undertaking to design and

operate the safety programme.The basic objective of the safety programme should be
safety and security of the lives, health and welfare of the workers employed therein.
The following precautionary steps may be adopted to prevent accidents in the
industries:
1) Safety Committee
2) Safety Training
3) Material Handling Equipments
4) Guarding of machines
5) Maintenance of plant
6) Regular Inspection
7) Equipment Redesign
8) Proper Clothing
9) Clean Floors
10) Safety Campaign

1) SAFETY COMMITTEE: Safety committee may be constituted in every

plant. It should consist of the representatives of both the management and the
workers.All the safety programmes should be implemented through the safety
committee.
In Verka there is provision of the safety committee. Safety committee is constituted
of 16 members. It has at least one person from one department these persons are the
representatives of the particular department. The member of safety committee can
consult with the safety department if there is any problem regarding the safety.

2) SAFETY TRAINING: The supervisors should train the new employees in

safety methods. The possible causes of accidents should be explained to the new
employees and they should be taught habits and motions that will keep them out of
danger.Training programmes should also be designed for the supervisors.
In Verka safety training is given to the employees during Induction program. The
employees are introduced with the common safety measures which include fire
fighting instructions, accidental safety etc. Besides this when the worker is employed
in particular department technical and specific training is given to the employees.

3) MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS: Material handling

equipments should be installed to carry bulky materials from one place to another.No
worker may be required to lift or carry heavy loads which may cause injury.
In Verka there is proper provision of material handling equipments. Small cranes are
there to carry the raw material to the production area and taking the finished products
to the warehouse. The is also the provision of big cranes to carry the containers. These
are of two types one is EOT which can lift 32 tones and the other one is RMG which
can lift 40 tones.

4) GAURDING OF MACHINES: Safety guards should be designed,

constrocted and used to provide positive protection, prevent access to the danger
zones during operations, avoid inconvenience in operation and give protection against
unforeseen contingencies. These are in the form of hard insulated covers provided to
the moving or rotating parts of machines.
In Verka there is proper guarding of the machinery. Safety Department considers
HIRA (Hazard Identification &Risk Analysis) for the guarding of the machinery. The
machine guarding is done in such a way that the machines may not cause any harm to
the workers.

5) MAINTENANCE OF PLANT: The plant should be maintained in good

condition.All objects likely to obstruct the passages meant for movement by workers
should be removed. Passages should not be used to store goods or materials. Dry,
clean and ventilated store rooms with suitable racks, shelves, etc. should be provided
for keeping electrical and keeping other hazardous equipment.
In Verka there is Continuous Development & Maintenance Program which is
considered for the maintenance of the plant. Under this there is proper maintenance of
the plant.

6) REGULAR INSPECTION: There should be regular inspection of machines

and equipment and electricity cables to check any leakage.
In Verka there is provision of regular inspection by the safety department. Safety
department make regular inspection of different production departments. The time
period is different for different machines. Some machines are inspected quarterly
some are inspected half yearly and some are inspected once in a year. Overall we can
say that all machines are inspected at least once in a year.

7) EQUIPMENT REDESIGN: Industrial engineers should be engaged to

improve the man-machine system. Equipment, machinery and work procedures
should be redesigned to cut down accident rate.
In Verka there is a separate Engineering Department which works for redesigning the
old machines. The old machines are replaced with new ones when are not working
properly. In case if the machines are not going to be replaced soon the safety
precautions for the workers are increased.

8) PROPER CLOTHING: The workers should be provided with proper

clothing and other protective things such as hand gloves, masks, helmets, safety
footwear, etc. while at work. The clothings should serve a dual purpose of providing
convenience as well as protection at work..The use of articles made of inflammable
material must be prohibited while working on operations that involve risk of
fire.Chemicals should be carefully handled.
In Verka full sleeve uniforms are provided to the workers. For the workers working
in laboratories aprons are provided. All the uniforms and aprons are made of pure
cotton and are skin friendly.

9) CLEAN FLOORS: There should be no trailing of telephone cables on the

floors.Floors, passages and stares must be kept clear of obstructions.
In Verka cleaning system is very good. If there is some thing dropped on the floor,
the floor is immediately cleaned. So that workers may not slip or any harm is caused
to them.

10) SAFETY CAMPAIGN: Safety programme must be given a wide publicity

through posters and hoardings. ‘Work Safety’ and ‘Safely Saves’ are illustrations of
the slogans which may be displayed at critical points. Safety contests may also be held
between the plants as a part of the safety campaign. Plant with lowest accident rate
may be given some reward.
In Verka safety programme is given wild publicity. Hoardings are placed in every
corner of the factory so that the workers may remain conscious about the safety.
These hoardings contain instructions about the safety. Apart from this Safety Day and
fire service day are celebrated to promote safety.
 Safety day is celebrated on 4th March. On this day various competitions
regarding safety are conducted like quiz competition, safety posters making,
slogans etc. the workers can give their suggestions regarding the safety. Plays
are conducted regarding safety, rounds are taken in different departments
handling mashall or flags in hands. Some times this celebration goes on for a
week or even a month.
 Fire service day is celebrated on 14th April. This day is celebrated to give the
information to the workers about how to handle the situation of fie. Like the
safety day the completions are conducted but only regarding the fire. BBS
 (Behavior Based Safety) programme are conducted. There is mock drill on the
fire service day
Thus the safety department properly takes care of the safety of the workers and
promotes the safety through the campaign. It give the proper education to the
employees The department not only spend on safety education, but also provide
necessary safety equipments and maintain them in good working order.

2.11 SAFETY EDUCATION

A Safety education programme, designed to spread safety consciousness among all
including executives, supervisors, and operative employees, is necessary and it must
have complete support of top management.Safety education may be imparted via
posters, bulletin boards, houseorgans, displays, cartoons, slogans, signs, and safety
films.The employer must not only spend on safety education, but also provide
necwssary safety equipments and maintain them in good working order.
Every new employee must be given safety training in the first week of his joining and
the old employees must be provided with retraining.The safety office plays a vital role
in promoting safety consciousness through safety education and training. T.O.
Armstrong has outlined five elements of a safety training programme which are as
follows:
1. A safe method of performing each job operation or sequence of operations is
developed and described in simple but adequate detail.
2. The various hazard points are brought to light and described together with the
relationship between these and the various steps in safety method.
3. The teaching is systematic and thorough . In the somewhat idiomatic English
of a successful teacher, it is:
a) Tell him.
b) Show him.
c) Have him do it.
d) Correct him until he has it.
e) Supervise him to see that he keeps it.
4. The reason for requiring the wearing of personal protective equipment
needed, if any, as goggles, safety shoes, hand protectors, and the like
is explained and its proper use and care taught in full detail.
 5. Specific safeguards needed for the protection of the worker or his
fellows are similarly explained and their correct usage taught.

2.12 SAFETY OF FACTORY WORKERS

The safety provisions are contained in section 21 to 41 of the Factories Act, . 1948.
The provisions are to be followed by every factory covered by this act. They are
obligatory in their character.The requirements prescribed under the act are absolute
and are in no way dependent upon previous notice or warning from the Inspector of
Factories.The provisions dealing with the safety of the workers in different states are
supplemented by rules framed by each State Government. So in relation to a factory
in a particular State, the rules of the Government of the state must be referred to.
The safety provisions as given under the Factories Act described as under:
1) Fencing of machinery (Sec.21)
2) Work on or near machinery in motion (Sec.22)
3) Employment of young persons on Dangerous Machines (Sec.23)
4) Striking Gear and Devices for Cutting of Power (Sec.24)
5) Self acting Machine (Sec.25)
6) Casing of New Machinery (Sec.26)
7) Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children near Cotton-openers
(Sec.27)
8) Hoists and Lifts (Sec.28)
9) Lifting Machines, Chains, Ropes and Lifting Tackles (Sec.29)
10)Revolving Machinery (Sec.30)
11) Pressure plant (Sec.31)
12) Floors, stairs and Means of Access (Sec.32)
13) Pits, Sumps, Opening in Floors, etc. (Sec.33)
14) Excessive Weights (Sec.34)
15) Protection of Eyes (Sec.35)
16) Precautions against Dangerous Fumes (Sec.36)
17) Precautions regarding the use of Portable Light (Sec.36A)
18) Explosive or Inflammable Dust, Gas, etc. (Sec.37)
19) Precautions in case of Fire (Sec.38)
 20) Power to require Specification of Defective Part or Tests of
Stability (Sec.39)
21) Sfety of Buildings and Machinery (Sec.40)
22) Maintenance of Buildings (Sec.40A)
23) Safety Officers (Sec.40B)
24) Power to Make Rules (Sec.41)

1) FENCING OF MACHINERY (SEC.21): In every factory, every

dangerous part of any machinery-every moving part of a prime mover and every
flywheel connected to prime-mover, the head-race and tail-race of every water wheel
and water turbine, and every part of an electric generator, motor or rotary converter,
every part of transmission machinery-must be securely fenced by safeguards of
substantial construction. The State Government is empowered to frame rules in this
regard.

2) WORK ON OR NEAR MACHINERY IN MOTION (SEC.22):

With a view to secure the safety of the workers, it is necessary to examine any part of
the machinery while it is in motion. The examination and lubrication of the
machinery, should be carried out only be a specially trained adult worker wearing
tight-fitting clothing. Such a worker is not allowed to handle a belt at a moving pulley
unless the belt is less than fifteen cm . in width and the belt-joint is either laced or
flush with belt.women and young children are not allowed to clean, lubricate or adjust
any part of a prime-mover or of transmission machinery while it is in motion, if it is
likely to expose her or him to risk to injury from any moving part.

3) EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PERSONS ON DANGEROUS

MACHINES (SEC.23): No young person shall work at any machine unless he
has been fully instructed as to be dangers arising in connection with the machine and
the precautions to be observed and:
a) has received sufficient training in work at machine, or
b) is under adequate supervision by a person who has a thorough knowledge and
experience of the machine.
4) STRIKING GEAR AND DEVICES FOR CUTTING OFF
POWER (SEC.24): In every factory:
a) suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliances shall be
provided and used to move driving belts to and from fast and loose pulleys
which form part of the transmission machinery, and such gear or appliances
shall be constructed, placed and maintained as to prevent the belt from
creeping back on to the fast pulley;
b) driving belts when not in use shall not be allowed to rest or ride upon shaft in
moyion.

5) SELF-ACTING MACHINES (SEC.25): No traversing part of a self-

acting machine in any factory and no material carried thereon shall be allowed to run
on its outward or inward traverse within a distance of eighteen inches from any fixed
structure which is not a part of the machine.

6) CASING OF NEW MACHINERY (SEC.26): In all machinery driven

by power and installed in any factory:
a) every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle wheel or pinion
shall be so sunk, encased or otherwise effectively guarded as to prevent
danger;
b) all spur, worm and other toothed or friction gearing which does not require
adjustment while in motion shall be completely encased, unless it is so
situated as it would be if it were completely encased.

7) PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AND

CHILDREN NEAR COTTON-OPENERS (SEC.27): No women or child
shall be employed in any part of a factory where pressing cotton-opener is at
work:provided that if the feed end of a cotton opener is in a room separated from the
delivery end by a partition extending to the roof or to such height as the inspector may
in particular case specify in writing, women and children may be employed on the
side of the partition where the feed end is situated.

8) HOISTS AND LIFTS (SEC.28): In every factory:

a) every hoist and lift shall be:
 of good mechanical construction, sound material and adequate strength;
 properly maintained and shall be thoroughly examined by a competent
person at least once in every period of six months.
b) every hoistway and liftway shall be sufficiently protected by an
enclosure fitted with gates, and the hoist or lift and every such
enclosure shall be so constructed as to prevent any person or thing from being
trapped between any part of the hoist or thing and any fixed structure or moving
part.

9) LIFTING MACHINES, CHAINS, ROPES AND LIFTING

TACKLES (SEC.29): In every factory, the following provisions shall be
complied with in respect of every lifting machine and every chain, rope and lifting
tackle for the purpose of raising or lowering persons, goods or materials:
a) all parts, including the working gear, whether fixed or movable, or
every lifting machine and every chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be:
 of good construction, sound material and adequate strength and free
from defects;
 properly maintained; and
 thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every
period of twelve months;
b) no lifting machine and no chain, rope or lifting tackle shall, except for the
purpose of test, be loaded beyond the safe working load which shall be plainly marked
thereon together with an identification mark and duly entered in the prescribed
register;

10) REVOLVING MACHINERY (SEC.30): In every room in a factory in

which the process of griding is carried on, there shall be permanently affixed to or
placed near each machine in use a notice indicating the maximum safe working
peripheral speed of every grindstone or abrasive wheel, and the diameter of the pulley
upon such shaft or spindle necessary to secure such safe working peripheral speed.

11) PRESSURE PLANT (SEC.31): If in any factory, any part of the plant or
machinery used in a manufacturing process is operated at a pressure above
atmospheric pressure, effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the safe
working pressure of such part is not exceeded.

12) FLOORS, STAIRS, AND MEANS OF ACCESS (SEC.32): In

every factory, all floors, steps, stairs, passage and gangways shall be of sound
construction and properly maintained and shall be kept free from obstruction and
substances likely to cause persons to slip and where it is necessary to ensure safety,
steps, stairs, passage and gangways shall be provided with substantial handrails.

13) PITS, SUMPS, OPENING IN FLOORS, ETC.(SEC.33): In every

factory, fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening in the ground or in a floor which, by
reason of its depth, situation, construction or contents, is or may be a source of danger
shall be either securely covered or securely fenced.

14) EXCESSIVE WEIGHTS (SEC.34): No person shall be employed in

any factory to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to be likely to cause him injury.
The State Government may make rules prescribed the maximum weights may be
lifted, carried or moved by adult men, adult women, adolescent and children
employed in factories or in any class or description of factories or in a carrying on any
specified process.

15) PROTECTION OF EYES (SEC.35): In respect of any such

manufacturing process carried on in any factory as may be prescribed, being a process
which involves:
a) risk of injury to the eyes from particles thrown off in the course of the
process, or
 b) risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive light, the State
Government may be rules require that effective screens or suitable googles
shall be provided for the protection of persons employed on,or in the
immediate vicinity of the process.

16) PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DANGEROUS FUMES (SEC.36):

a) In any factory, no person shall enter or be permitted to enter any chamber,
tank,vat, pit, pipe, flue or other confined space in which dangerous fumes are
likely tobe present to such an extent as to involve risk of persons being
overcome thereby, unless it is provided with a manhole of adequate size or
effective means of either;
I. a certificate in writing has been given by a competent person, based on a
test carried out by himself, that the space is free from dangerous fumes
and fit for persons to enter, or,
II. the worker is wearing suitable breathing apparatus and a belt securely
attached to a rope, the free end of which is held by a person standing
outside the confined space.
b) No person shall be permitted to enter any boiler furnace, boiler flue, chamber,
tank, vat, pipe or other confined space for the purpose of working or making
any examination therein until it has been sufficiently cooled by ventilation or
otherwise to be safe for persons to enter.

17) PRECAUTIONS REGARDING THE USE OF PORTABLE

LIGHT (SEC.36A): In every factory:
a) no portable electric light or any other electric appliance of voltage exceeding
twenty-four volts shall be permitted for use inside any chamber, tank, vat, pit,
pipe, flue or other confined space; and
b) if any inflammable gas, fume or dust is likely to be present in such chamber,
tank, vat, flue or other confined space, no lamp light other than that of
flameproof construction shall be permitted to be used therein.
18) EXPLOSIVE OR INFLAMMABLE DUST, GAS, ETC.
(SEC.37): Where in any factory any manufacturing process produces dust, gas,
fume or vapour of such character and to such extent as to be likely to explode on
ignition, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent any such explosion by:
a) effective enclosure or the plant of machinery used in the process;
b) removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust, gas, fume or vapour;
c) exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible sources of ignition.

19) PRECAUTIONS IN CASE OF FIRE (SEC.38):

a) In every factory there shall be provided such means of escape in case of fire as
may be prescribed.
b) In every factory the doors affording exit from any room shall not be locked or
fastened so that they cannot be easily and immediately opened from the inside
while any person is within the rom, and all such doors, unless they are of the
sliding type, shall be constructed to open outwards.
c) In every factory every window, door or exit affording a means of escape in
case of fire, other than the means of exit in ordinary use, shall be distinctively
marked in language understood by the majority of the workers and in red
letters of adequate size or by some other effective and clearly understood sign.
d) There shall be provided in every factory effective and clearly audible means of
giving warning in case of fire to every person employed in the factory.

20) POWER TO REQUIRE SPECIFICATION OF DEFECTIVE

PART OR TESTS OF STABILITY (SEC.39): If it appears to the Inspector
that any building or part of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a
factory is in such a condition that it may be dangerous to human life or safety, he may
serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing requiring
him before a specified date:
a) To furnish such drawings, specifications and other particulars as may
be necessary to determine whether such building, ways, machinery or
plant be used with safety, or
 b) To carry out such tests in such manner as may be specified in the order,
and to inform the Inspector of the results thereof.

21) SAFETY OF BUILDINGS AND MACHINERY (SEC.40): If it

appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or any part of the ways,
machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it may be dangerous to
human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory
an order in writing specifying the measures which in his opinion should be adopted,
and requiring them to be carried out before a specified date.

22) MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS (SEC.40A): If it appears to the

Inspector that any building or part of a building in a factory is in such a state of
disrepair as is likely to lead to conditions detrimental to the health and welfare of the
workers, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in
writing specifying the measures which in his opinion would be taken and requiring the
same to be carried out before such date as is specified in the order.

23) SAFETY OFFICERS (SEC.40B): In every factory:

a) Wherein, one thousand or more workers are ordinarily employed, or
b) Wherein, in the opinion of the State Government, any manufacturing process
or operation is carried on, which process or operation involves any risk of
bodily injury, poisoning or disease, or any other hazard to health, to the
persons employad in the factory,
c) The duties, qualifications and conditions of service of safety officers shall be
such as may be prescribed by the State Government.

24) POWER TO MAKE RULES (SEC.41): The State Government may

make rules requiring the provision in any factory or in any class or description of
factories of such further devices and measures for securing the safety of persons
employed therein as it may deem necessary.
CHAPTER -3
REVIEW
OF
LITERATURE
3.1 REVIEW LITERATURE

TERRY A. BEEHR 1 JOHN E. NEWMAN (1994),

Job stress (and more generally, employee health) has been a relatively neglected area
of research among industrial/organizational psychologists. The empirical research that
has been done is reviewed within the context of six facets (i.e., environmental,
personal, process, human consequences, organizational consequences, and time) of a
seven facet conceptualization of the job stress—employee health research domain.
(The seventh facet, adaptive responses, is reviewed in the forthcoming second article
of this series.) A general and a sequential model are proposed for tying the facets
together. It is concluded that some of the major problems of the research in this area
are: confusion in the use of terminology regarding the elements of job stress,
relatively weak methodology within specific studies, the lack of systematic
approaches in the research, the lack of interdisciplinary approaches, and the lack of
attention to many elements of the specific facets

Karen Danna Ricky W. Griffin (1995)

Health and well-being in the workplace have become common topics in the
mainstream media, in practitioner-oriented magazines and journals and, increasingly,
in scholarly research journals. In this article, we first review the literature that serves
to define health and well-being. We then discuss the primary factors associated with
health and well-being, the consequences of low levels of health and well-being, and
common methods for improving health and well-being in the workplace. Finally, we
highlight important future directions for future theory, research, and practice
regarding health and well-being from an organizational perspective.

Health and safety problems associated with long working hours: a review of the
current position
The European Community Directive on Working Time, which should have been
implemented in member states of the European Community by November 1996,
contains several requirements related to working hours, including the right of
employees to refuse to work more than 48 hours a week. The United Kingdom
government attempted to oppose the Directive, arguing that there is no convincing
evidence that hours of work should be limited on health and safety grounds. Much of
the research in this area has focused on the problems of shiftworking and previous
reviews have therefore tended to emphasise this aspect of working hours. However,
there is much less information about the effects of overtime work, which is a central
element of the terms of the Directive. This paper reviews the current evidence relating
to the potential effects on health and performance of extensions to the normal working
day. ‘Several gaps in the literature are identified. Research to date has been restricted
to a limited range of health outcomes--namely, mental health and cardiovascular
disorders. Other potential effects which are normally associated with stress--for
example, gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, at problems associated
with depression of the immune system, have received little attention. Also, there have
few systematic investigations of performance effects, and little consideration of the
mplications for occupational exposure limits of extensions to the working day.
Existing data elate largely to situations where working hours exceed 50 a week and
there is a lack of information on hours below this level, which is of direct relevance to
the European Community proposal. Finally, it is clear from investigations relating to
shiftwork that a range of modifying factors are likely to influence the level and nature
of health and performance outcomes. These include the attitudes and motivation of the
people concerned, the job requirements, and other aspects of the organisational and
cultural climate. It is concluded that there is currently sufficient evidence to raise
concerns about the risks to health and safety of long working hours. However, much
more work is required to define the level and nature of those risks.

Social structures, agent personality and workers’ mental health(1998

This study examines the role of occupations and work conditions in psychological
distress with a model of social action in which psychological distress results from
stress created by the constraintsresources of structures of daily life, macrosocial
structures, and agent personality. Using longitudinal data from 6611 workers nested in
471 occupations, multilevel regression analyses confirm the model. Occupations
account for 1.6 percent of the variation. Social support and job insecurity contribute to
distress, but greater decision authority increases distress. Skill utilization follows a J
curve. Family structure, social network outside the workplace, and the personality of
the agent do not moderate the influence of the workplace, with the sole exception of
strained marital relations. The findings support the hypothesis that occupations and
certain workplace constraintsresources contribute independently to psychological
distress. Researchers in workplace mental health must expand their theoretical
perspectives to avoid erroneous conclusions about the specific role of the workplace.

Shift work and health--a critical review of the literature on working hours
Harrington JM.(1 999)
Institute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United
Kingdom.
Working outside normal hours either by extended days or shift work is a fact of
industrial society. Its economic advantages must be weighed against detrimental
effects on the individual worker in the form of circadian rhythm disturbance, poorer
quality and quantity of sleep and increased fatigue. The link between shift work and
increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has strengthened in recent years.
The case for an association with gastrointestinal disease remains quite good. Evidence
of poorer work performance and increased accidents, particularly on the night shift, is
persuasive, although individual factors may be as important as workplace factors.
Correct shift work scheduling is important and for rotating shifts, rapid forward
rotation is the least disruptive option. The compressed working week of 10 to 12-hour
shifts is gaining popularity but evidence is too scant at present to suggest there are
many long- term health and safety risks provided the rest day block is preserved.
Optimal hours for the working week caimot be formulated on present scientific
evidence, though working more than 48-56 hours a week probably carries serious
health and safety implications. The inherent conflict between the interest of the
worker and the enterprise over unsocial hours can be mitigated by improvements in
working conditions especially at night and by advice to the worker on coping
strategies. Further research is needed on the effects of the compressed working week,
as well as the influence of culture, task and gender on any health effects. Studies to
define individual characteristics which may cause shift work intolerance would be of
great practical use.

Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain at

work(2000
G. Waddell and A. K. Burton
The Glasgow Nuffield Hospital, Glasgow
Spinal Research Unit, University of Huddersfield,
There is increasing demand for evidence-based health care. Back pain is one of the
most
common and difficult occupational health problems, but there has been no readily
available evidence base or guidance on management. There are well-established
clinical guidelines for the management of low back pain, but these provide limited
guidance on the occupational aspects. Occupational Health Guidelines for the
Management of Low Back Pain at Work were launched by the Faculty of
Occupational Medicine in March 2000. These are the first national occupational
health guidelines in the UK and, as far as we are aware, the first truly evidence-linked
occupational health guidelines for back pain in the world. They were based on an
extensive, systematic review of the scientific literature predominantly from
occupational settings or concerning occupational outcomes. The full evidence review
is on the Faculty web site (www.facoccmed.ac.uk), but an abridged version is
presented here to aid its dissemination

Alison G. Vredenburgh (2002)

Problem: While several management practices have been cited as important
components of safety programs, how much does each incrementally contribute to
injury reduction? This study examined the degree to which six management practices
frequently included in safety programs (management commitment, rewards,
communication and feedback, selection, training, and participation) contributed to a
safe work environment for hospital employees. Method:
Participants were solicited via telephone to participate in a research study concerning
hospital risk management. Sixty-two hospitals provided data concerning management
practices and employee injuries. Results: Overall, the management practices reliably
predicted injury rates. A factor analysis performed on the management practices scale
resulted in the development of six factor scales. A multiple regression performed on
these factor scales found that proactive practices reliably predicted injury rates.
Remedial measures acted as a suppressor variable.
Discussion: While most of the participating hospitals implemented reactive practices
(fixing problems once they have occurred), what differentiated the hospitals with low
injury rates was that they also employed proactive measures to prevent accidents.
Impact on Industry: The most effective step that hospitals can take is in the front-end
hiring and training of new personnel. They should also ensure that the risk
management position has a management-level classification. This study also
demonstrated that training in itself is not adequate.

Review of the Literature on Preventive Occupational Health and Safety

Activities in Small Enterprises(2005)
Peter HASLE’ and Hans Jørgen LIMBORG
The scientific literature regarding preventive occupational health and safety activities
in small enterprises has been reviewed in order to identify effective preventive
approaches and to develop a future research strategy. During the last couple of years,
there has been a significant increase in the number of studies of small enterprises, but
the research community is scattered between many different disciplines and
institutions. There is a lack of evaluation of intervention studies, both in terms of
effect and practical applicability. However, there is sufficiently strong evidence to
conclude that employees of small enterprises are subject to higher risks than the
employees of larger ones, and that small enterprises have difficulties in controlling
risk. The most effective preventive approaches seem to be simple and low cost
solutions, disseminated through personal contact. It is important to develop future
intervention research strategies which study the complete intervention system: from
the intermediaries through dissemination methods to the resulting preventive activities
of the small enterprise.
Niklas Krause’ , Lisa K. Dasinger and Frank Neuhauser (2O06)
Workplace injuries which result in lost time from work can have considerable
financial repercussions for employer and employee alike, not to mention their
physical and emotional impact on the employee. In order to lessen workers’
compensation costs and facilitate the rehabilitation process, some employers offer
modified work to their injured employees in order to allow an earlier return to work
than would ordinarily be possible. Although modified work is regarded by many as a
cornerstone in the job rehabilitation process, little is known about the structure,
effectiveness, and efficiency of such programs. This report is a systematic review of
the scientific literature on modified work published since l975keyword search in three
online libraries, 29 empirical studies of modified work programs were selected for
review. The studies were evaluated for methodological quality, from which 13 higher
quality studies were identified. On the basis of these 13 studies, the effectiveness of
modified work programs was evaluated. The main finding of this review is that
modified work programs facilitate return to work for t and permanently disabled
workers. Injured workers who are offered modified work return to work about twice
as often as those who are not. Similarly, modified work programs cut the number of
lost work days in half. The available evidence also suggests that modified work
programs are corrective
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The main objectives of study are as follows:

• Main objective of study is to determine the level of satisfaction among
employees regarding the facilities provided to them.
• To know about how the workers rate the factory as a work place.
• To know about the safety provisions of the factory workers.
• To know about the duties performed by safety officers.
 CHAPTER – 4
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4.1 MEANING OF RESEARCH:

Research is the systematic and objective search for the analysis of information
relevant to the identification and solution of the specific problem. Research is science
and a systematic search for pertinent information on a particular topic .In fact research
is an act of scientific investigation.
a) Experimental method
Experimental method of data collection is ideal through not always possible
because of many research problems in the social science and education do lend
themselves to experimental enquiry.
b) Non experimental
Non experimental research posses’ only one component, which is measurement. The
researcher does not exercise any control over the extraneous variable.

RESEARCH DESIGN:
A researcher design is the overall plan or programm of research. It is the general blue
print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data .In includes an outline what
an investigator can do from writing the hypothesis and their operational implication to
the final analysis of data.
DATA
Data constitutes the foundation of any analysis. Data is the collection of any number
of related observations. Surveys are the most popular device of obtaining the desired
data. Data is the quantities or numerical information, which is collected for future
analysis and interpretation in order to base decision on them.
Type of Data Used
Primary Data: Primary data is collected by personal survey, questionnaires,
telephone survey, observation etc.
Secondary Data: Websites magazines and different academics books are used in my
research project as secondary data. E.g. magazines, internet and books.
SAMPLE DESIGN:
A simple design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population
which includes:
SAMPLING PROCEDURE
“Simple Random Sampling “ used to selects the most accessible population.
SAMPLING UNIT
Employees were the sampling unit of the future research study.
SAMPLING SIZE
The sample size was of 20 respondents.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
In research training report survey was used as the sampling techniques.
CONTACT METHODS:
It represents the way to interact with selected sample. In the research study the
Contact method was the face to face interaction with the respondents.
DATA ANALYSIS
A percentage was computed for different variable for interpretations

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. The knowledge of methodology provides good training especially to the new
research worker and enables him to do better research. It helps him to develop
disciplined thinking to observe the field objectively.
2. Knowledge of research methodology will inculcate the ability to evaluate and use
research results with reasonable confidence.
3. Knowledge of Research methodology enables us to make intelligent decisions
concerning problems facing us in practical life at different points of time.
4. Knowledge of Research methodology helps the consumer of research results to
evaluate them and enables him to take rational decisions.
 CHAPTER -5

DATA
INTERPRETATION
&
ANALYSIS
 5.1 ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

The analysis and discussion tells us about job satisfaction at Verka milk Plant Ltd.
Ludhiana. It covers the aspects like general profile of the respondents, their degree of
satisfaction in different areas.
General profile of respondents
This section gives the general profile of respondents as obtained from the data
collected through survey. It deals with age and gender.
5.2 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR HEALTH & SAFETY

Question 1:-Is there proper floor cleaning system in Nestlé?

Answer:-

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Yes 18 90%
(2) No 2 10%
Total 20 100%

Percentage

10%

Yes
No

90%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about floor

cleaning system in Nestlé 90% says yes it is proper and 10% no it is not proper table
shows the percentage of all responses.
Q.2 Is there proper ventilation in the different production areas in Nestle?

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Yes 16 80%

(2) No 4 20%

Total 20 100%

Percentage

20%

Yes
No

80%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about

ventilation in the different production areas Nestlé 80% says yes it is proper and 20%
no it is not proper table shows the percentage of all responses.

Question 3:-Is there proper fencing of the machinery?

Answer:-

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Yes 18 90%
(2) No 2 10%

Total 20 100%
 Percentage

10%

Yes
No

90%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about fencing

of the machinery 90% says yes it is proper and 10% says no it is not proper table
shows the percentage of the responses.
Question 4:-Is there proper arrangement of replacing the defective parts of the
machinery and proper repairing?
Answer:-

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Yes 16 80%

(2) No 4 20%

Total 20 100%

Percentage

20%

Yes
No

80%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about

arrangement of replacing the defective parts of the machinery and proper repairing.
80% says yes it is proper and 20% says no it is not proper table shows the percentage
of the responses.
Question 5:-Are there you satisfied from the facilities provided to you?
Answer:-

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Yes 14 70%

(2) No 6 30%

Total 20 100%

Percentage

30%

Yes
No

70%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the

satisfaction from the facilities provided to you 70% says yes they are satisfied and
30% says they are not satisfied proper table shows the percentage of the responses.
Question 6:-How well the fire fighting system of Nestlé is?
Answer:-

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Excellent 6 30%
(2) Very good 8 40%
(3) Good 2 10%
(4) Moderate 4 20%
(5) Poor
Total 20 100%

Percentage

0%
20%
30%
Excellent
Very good
good
10% Moderate
Poor
40%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the fire

fighting system in Nestlé 6 i.e.30% said that it is excellent 8 i.e.40% said that it is

very good 2 i.e.10% said that it is good and 4 i.e.20% considers it moderate. Results

are shown in the table.

Question 7:-What do you think about the arrangement of providing the first aid in

case of injury?
Answer:-

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Excellent 10 50%
(2) Very good 6 30%
(3) Good 2 10%
(4) Moderate 2 10%
(5) Poor
Total 20 100%

Percentage

10% 0%
10%
Excellent
Very good
good
50% Moderate

30% Poor
INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the first

aid provision in Nestlé 10 i.e.50% said that it is excellent 6 i.e.30% said that it is very

good 10% said that it is good and 10% considers it moderate. Results are shown in the

table.
Question 8:-How well safety officers perform their duties?
Answer:-

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Excellent 12 60%

(2) Very good 4 20%

(3) Good 3 15%

(4) Moderate 1 5%

(5) Poor

Total 20 100%

Percentage

5% 0%
15%
Excellent
Very good
good
Moderate
20% 60%
Poor
INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the

performance of the safety officers in Nestlé 12 i.e.60% said that it is excellent 4

i.e.20% said that it is very good 3 i.e.15% said that it is good and 1 i.e.5% considers it

moderate. Results are shown in the table

Question 9:-How will you rate the factory as a work place?

Answer:-

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Excellent 15 75%

(2) Very good 3 15%

(3) Good 1 5%

(4) Moderate 1 5%

(5) Poor 0%

Total 20 100%
 Percentage

5% 5% 0%

15% Excellent
Very good
good
Moderate
Poor
75%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the

factory as work place 15 i.e.75% said that it is excellent 3 i.e.15% said that it is very

good 1 i.e.5% said that it is good and 1 i.e.5% considers it moderate. Results are

shown in the table.

Question 10:-How will you rate the Safety system of Nestlé?

Answer:-

Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Excellent 10 50%

(2) Very good 6 30%

(3) Good 2 10%

(4) Moderate 2 10%

(5) Poor 0%

Total 20 100%
 Percentage

10% 0%
10%
Excellent
Very good
good
50% Moderate

30% Poor

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the safety

system in Nestlé 10 i.e.50% said that it is excellent 6 i.e.30% said that it is very good

2 i.e. 10% said that it is good and 2 i.e. 10% considers it moderate. Results are shown

in the table

Question 11:-How will you rate the behavior of the senior officers?

Answer:-
 Serial no. Parameter No of Respondents Percentage

(1) Excellent 6 30%

(2) Very good 8 40%

(3) Good 3 15%

(4) Moderate 2 10%

(5) Poor 1 5%

Total 20 100%

Percentage

5%
10%
30%
Excellent
15% Very good
good
Moderate
Poor
40%

INTERPRETATION:-Out of 20 employees surveyed who were asked about the

lighting system in Nestlé 6 i.e.30% said that it is excellent, 8 i.e.40% said that it is
very good., 3 i.e.15% said that it is good and 2 i.e.10% considers it moderate, 1

i.e.5%considers it poor . Results are shown in the table.

CONCLUSION
&
SUGGESTIONS
 6.1 CONCLUSION

From the data collected from the various departments Milk Operations, Fresh
Milk Reception, Egron, Warehouse, Culinary, Powder Filling Plant, Accounts, HR
etc in the Nestlé we come to the result that 80% workers are satisfied from the
ventilation system in the production areas and 20% says that it should be more
improved. 75% workers say that there is proper provision of protecting eyes and
25% workers don’t think so. 90% says that there is proper fencing of machinery
and 10% want more improvement 70% workers says that they are satisfied from
the facilities given to them by the Nestlé but 30%says that there should be more
facilities regarding Health & Safety.

About the fire fighting system in Nestlé 30% workers said that it is excellent .40%
said that it is very good .10% said that it is good and .20% considers it moderate.
About the first aid provision in Nestlé .50% said that it is excellent .30% said that
it is very good 10% said that it is good and 10% considers it moderate. When the
employees were asked about the performance of the safety officers in Nestlé .60%
said that it is excellent .20% said that it is very good .15% said that it is good and .
5% considers it moderate. About the behavior of senior officers in Nestlé .30%
said that it is excellent,.40% said that it is very good., 15% said that it is good and
10% considers it moderate,5%considers it poor

In the end we can say that the overall percentage of the satisfaction of the workers
from the provisions regarding health and safety is higher than dissatisfaction.
Most of the workers are satisfied from the working conditions in the nestle.
 OBSERVATIONS

During the training period some shortcomings were observed which are listed

below:-

 Grass in the lawns is not cut in time it is cut when the grass is grown like a
field.
 There were mosquitoes in the area where the milk is unloaded in the storage
tanks and is supplied to different areas.
 There is not the provision of dispensary services during the night shifts it is
only from 8 A.M to 5 P.M.
 The medicines in the first aid box were being misused
 The doctor in the dispensary is not permanent. There is only a permanent
Pharmacist.
 Employees spend more time for the checkup
 There is not any system for monitoring the time spent by the workers for
checkup.
 6.2 SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT

There are some suggestions that can be given for the improvement
 There should be some medical facilities available for night shift, and two
employees from each department should be well-trained for providing first aid
 To monitor the time spend for the medical checkup one should enter the
arrival and departure time in the punch machine time while going for check-
up.
 There should be provision of permanent doctor in the dispensary so that
instant critical situation can be handled
 Shift officer should have a control on the consumption of the consumption of
the medicines in the first aid box
 No one should be allowed to visit dispensary without medical slip signed by
the shift officer.
 Grassy lawn should be properly maintained
 Regular cleaning should be done in training department
 Mosquito killing spray should be used in drainage area.
 Sewerage storage area should be covered separate
  Limitation
1. Short span of time: The main limitation of the is availability of time. Due to short
span of time, some inaccuracy may have occurred.
2. Biasness on the part of respondents: Some respondents were not ready to reveal the
true information.
3. Inaccurate access: Due to short span of time it was not possible to access all
employees as factory is wide.
4. Some were not interested in filling the questionnaires and they did not give back
the questionnaires.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS
• T.N.CHHABRA, HUMAN RESOURSE MANAGEMENT Concepts &
issues, DHANPAT RAI & CO., 2007, 479-497.
WEBSITES
• http://www.google.com/
• http://www.nestle.in/
ANNEXURE
QUESTIONNAIRE
Question 1:-Is there proper floor cleaning system in Nestlé?

Ans: a) Yes
b) No

Question 2:-Is there proper ventilation in the different production areas in Nestlé?

Ans: a) Yes
b) No

Question 3:-Is there proper fencing of the machinery?

Ans: a) Yes
b) No
Question 4:-Is there proper arrangement of replacing the defective parts of the
machinery and proper repairing?
Ans: a) Yes
b) No
Question 5:-Are there you satisfied from the facilities provided to you?
Ans: a) Yes
b) No
Question 6:-How well the fire fighting system of Nestlé is?
Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor
Question 7:-What do you think about the arrangement of providing the first aid in
case of injury?
Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor
Question 8:-How well safety officers perform their duties?
Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor
Question 9:-How will you rate the factory as a work place?
Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor
Question 10:-How will you rate the Safety system of Nestlé?
Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor
Question 11:-How will you rate the behavior of the senior officers?
Ans: a) Excellent b) Very good c) Good d) Moderate e) Poor