Matrices

Nishant Parikh
School Of Petroleum Technology
Petroleum University, Gujarat, India
Lecture-12 (Part-1)

08, September 2009

First Semster (B.Tech) () SPT- Math notes - Nishant Parikh 09/09 1/6
Outline

Determinant
Minors
Adjoint
Inverse of a Matrix

First Semster (B.Tech) () SPT- Math notes - Nishant Parikh 09/09 2/6
Determinants

Each square matrix A, is associated with a number D(A), called the

determinant of A, calculated with the help of its entries.
Denoted by D (A) = jAj = det(A)
Example:
(1) A = [a]1 1
D (A) = ja j = a
a11 a12
(2) A =
a21 a22 2 2
D (A2) = a11 a22 a12 a3
21
a11 a12 a23
(3) A = 4 a21 a22 a23 5
a31 a32 a33 3 3
D (A) =
a22 a23 a12 a23 a12 a13
a11 a21 + a31
a32 a33 2 2 a32 a33 2 2 a22 a23 2 2

First Semster (B.Tech) () SPT- Math notes - Nishant Parikh 09/09 3/6
Determinants

2 3
a11 a12 a1n
6 a21 a22 a2n 7
6 7
(4) A = 6
6
7
7
4 5
an1 an2 ann
D (A) =
a11 M11 a21 M21 + a31 M31 a41 M41 + + ( 1)n +1 an1 Mn1
Here, Mij ! (n 1) (n 1)

First Semster (B.Tech) () SPT- Math notes - Nishant Parikh 09/09 4/6
Minors

Minors: The minors of an element of D(A), is a determinant obtained

by omiting the row and the column in which the element is present.
a11 a12 a23
jAj = a21 a22 a23
a31 a32 a33 3 3
a22 a23
M11 =
a32 a33
Cofactor: Minor with proper sign
denoted by Cij orAij = ( 1)i +j Mij

First Semster (B.Tech) () SPT- Math notes - Nishant Parikh 09/09 5/6
Adjoint

Adjoint = [co factor]T

1 adjA
Inverse = A = jA j
Exercise: 2 3 2 3
1 1 2 3 1 1
(1) A1 = 4 3 1 1 5 ,(2) A2 = 4 15 6 5 5,
1 3 4 5 2 2
2 3
2 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 7
6 7
6 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7
6 7
(3) A3 = 6
6 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 7
7
6 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 7
6 7
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5
0 0 0 0 0 1 0

First Semster (B.Tech) () SPT- Math notes - Nishant Parikh 09/09 6/6