FORCE, MOMENT AND BALANCE

By
M. Firdaus, MT
www.dauspoli.co.cc
 FORCE
• Interaction of objects

• Force can cause :

– The speed of the object changes
– Operating on objects
– Deforming objects
Force Ilustration
Force F acting on the body that moves with
constant speed s as far as giving rise in the
amount of W = F.s
Objects that have elastic strain (extension)
due to forces acting
Schematic relationship of the
mechanical force
Newton’s Law :
“Any object at rest will remain silent and any
moving objects will keep moving straight
uniformly, unless there is an unbalanced
external force that forces the object to change
the situation”

Or in the form of equations expressed :

F 0
Where : F = force resultant
 TORQUE
• Moment of force is a force to the point by
multiplication of force by the arm of force
• Mathematically expressed as follows :

 =Fxd

Where :  = Force (N)

d = arm of force (m)
M = momen of force (N.m)
An illustrative example
 COUPLE MOMENT
• Couple is a pair of two parallel forces, equal and opposite. Effect of
coupling on a body is to allow the object rotates. The amount of
coupling is expressed in the moment of coupling

• The moment of coupling is the multiplication of force by the

distance between these two forces. Mathematically :

M  F .d
Where : M = couple moment (N.m)
F = force (N)
d = distance between of two force (m)
An illustrative example

Moment coupling that works

towards the point O :

M = 2 (1,5) = 3 N.m
 PARTICLE BALANCE
• Particles are objects with no size and is treated as
a point, so that rotation and vibration can be
neglected in advance
• The particle is said to be in balance if eligible :

“total force acting on the particle equal to zero ”

Or in equation : F = 0
 RIGID BODY BALANCE
• Rigid body (rigid bodies) is an object that will
not deform (change shape) when a force acts
on it
• In actually condition, a real object will change
shape when receiving the force in the certain
limit
• Rigid body is said to be in balance if it met two
conditions :
1. The number of forces acting on rigid body is
equal to zero,
in equation :

F  0
2. The number of moments about any point equals
zero,
in equation :
M  0
 CENTER OF MASS
• Center of mass is a point where the mass of
the object or particle system centered
• the external forces acting on the body or
particle systems work at that point
• If the object or particle system is in motion,
the motion of center of mass can be
considered a particle motion
An illustrative example
Force dynamic application