Stupendously Fascinating Formula Sheet!

The following formulas are valid whether or not the exponents are integers or rationals. Assume
x, y, a, b, c, d are all Real numbers, and no denominator ever equals zero.

Exponents Rule:

x 2 = x ⋅ x = xx multiply x with itself 2-times, x 3 = x ⋅ x ⋅ x = xxx multiply x with itself 3-times

so x n = x ⋅ x ⋅ x ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ x multiply x with itself n-times

Add the exponents Rule:

x m ⋅ x n = x m +n because x m ⋅ x n = xxx ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ x ⋅ xxx ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ x multiply x with itself (m+n)-times

x x 2 xx x x x2 xx x x 1 1 1
=1 , so 2 = = ⋅ = 1 ⋅ 1 = 1 and so on, 3 = = ⋅ ⋅ = 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ = and so on,
x x xx x x x xxx x x x x x

x 3 xxx x x x
and = = ⋅ ⋅ = 1⋅1⋅ x = x ,
x2 xx x x 1

Subtract the exponents Rule:

xm
so in general n
= x m −n multiply x with itself (m-n)-times
x

Negative exponents Rule:

1 1
x −n = −n
= xn
xn x

(x ) = (x
2 3 2
⋅ x 2 ⋅ x 2 ) = x 2⋅3 = x 6 , so in general

(x ) = (x
m n m
⋅ x m ⋅ x m ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ x m )[ multiply_ n − times] = x mn

Multiply the exponents Rule:

(x )
m n
= x mn multiply x with itself (m× n)-times

Negative exponents and Multiplying exponents Together:

(x )
−m n
= (xm )
−n
= x −mn (x )
−m −n
= x mn

Different bases, multiplication, division and exponents

( xy ) n = x n y n because ( xy) n = xy ⋅ xy ⋅ xy ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ xy[ multiply_ n − times] = x n y n

n n
x xn y −n x x x x x xn y −n
  = n = −n because   =   ⋅   ⋅   ⋅ ⋅ ⋅  [ multiply _ n − times ] = n = −n
y y x  y  y  y  y  y y x

Multiplying binomials
( a + b )( c + d ) = ac + ad + bc + bd
special _ cases :
( x + y )( x − y ) = xx − xy + yx − yy = x 2 − y 2
( x + y ) 2 = x 2 + 2 xy + y 2
( x − y ) 2 = x 2 − 2 xy + y 2