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Budynas SM ch20
Budynas SM ch20
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20
20-1
(a) 12
10
0
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210
x f fx f x2 f/(Nx)
60 2 120 7200 0.0029
70 1 70 4900 0.0015
80 3 240 19 200 0.0043
90 5 450 40 500 0.0072
100 8 800 80 000 0.0116
110 12 1320 145 200 0.0174
120 6 720 86 400 0.0087
130 10 1300 169 000 0.0145
140 8 1120 156 800 0.0116
150 5 750 112 500 0.0174
160 2 320 51 200 0.0029
170 3 510 86 700 0.0043
180 2 360 64 800 0.0029
190 1 190 36 100 0.0015
200 0 0 0 0
210 1 210 44 100 0.0015
69 8480 1 104 600
8480
Eq. (20-9) x̄ = = 122.9 kcycles
69
1/2
1 104 600 − 84802 /69
Eq. (20-10) sx =
69 − 1
= 30.3 kcycles Ans.
budynas_SM_ch20.qxd 12/06/2006 18:53 Page 2
FIRST PAGES
x f fx f x2
174 6 1044 181 656
182 9 1638 298 116
190 44 8360 1 588 400
198 67 13 266 2 626 688
206 53 10 918 2 249 108
214 12 2568 549 552
220 6 1320 290 400
197 39 114 7 789 900
39 114
x̄ = = 198.55 kpsi Ans.
197
1/2
7 783 900 − 39 1142 /197
sx =
197 − 1
= 9.55 kpsi Ans.
20-3
Form a table:
x f fx f x2
64 2 128 8192
68 6 408 27 744
72 6 432 31 104
76 9 684 51 984
80 19 1520 121 600
84 10 840 70 560
88 4 352 30 976
92 2 184 16 928
58 4548 359 088
4548
x̄ = = 78.4 kpsi
58
1/2
359 088 − 45482 /58
sx = = 6.57 kpsi
58 − 1
From Eq. (20-14)
1 1 x − 78.4 2
f (x) = √ exp −
6.57 2π 2 6.57
budynas_SM_ch20.qxd 12/06/2006 18:53 Page 3
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 3
20-4 (a)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
5.63 5.88 6.13 6.38 6.63 6.88 7.13 7.38 7.63 7.88 8.13
log N
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FIRST PAGES
20-5 Distribution is uniform in interval 0.5000 to 0.5008 in, range numbers are a = 0.5000,
b = 0.5008 in.
a+b 0.5000 + 0.5008
(a) Eq. (20-22) µx = = = 0.5004
2 2
b−a 0.5008 − 0.5000
Eq. (20-23) σx = √ = √ = 0.000 231
2 3 2 3
(b) PDF from Eq. (20-20)
1250 0.5000 ≤ x ≤ 0.5008 in
f (x) =
0 otherwise
20-6 Dimensions produced are due to tool dulling and wear. When parts are mixed, the distrib-
ution is uniform. From Eqs. (20-22) and (20-23),
√ √
a = µx − 3s = 0.6241 − 3(0.000 581) = 0.6231 in
√ √
b = µx + 3s = 0.6241 + 3(0.000 581) = 0.6251 in
0.623
We suspect the dimension was in Ans.
0.625
budynas_SM_ch20.qxd 12/06/2006 18:53 Page 5
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 5
59.46 + 61.26
µx = = 60.36 mm Ans.
2
61.26 − 59.46
1
µF 3600
σ̄ = = = 32 143 psi Ans.
µA 0.112
1/2
(0.083332 + 0.0089292 )
σ̂σ = 32 143 = 2694 psi Ans.
(1 + 0.0089292 )
Cσ = 2694/32 143 = 0.0838 Ans.
FIRST PAGES
x y x2 x3 xy
0 0.01 0 0 0
0.2 0.15 0.04 0.008 0.030
0.4 0.25 0.16 0.064 0.100
0.6 0.25 0.36 0.216 0.150
0.8 0.17 0.64 0.512 0.136
1.0 −0.01 1.00 1.000 −0.010
3.0 0.82 2.20 1.800 0.406
Data Regression
x y y
0 0.01 0
0.2 0.15 0.166 286
0.4 0.25 0.248 857
0.6 0.25 0.247 714
0.8 0.17 0.162 857
1.0 −0.01 −0.005 71
y
0.3 Data
Regression
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0.05 x
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
budynas_SM_ch20.qxd 12/06/2006 18:53 Page 7
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 7
20-9
Data Regression
Su Se Se Su2 Su Se
0 20.356 75
60 30 39.080 78 3 600 1 800
64 48 40.329 05 4 096 3 072
65 29.5 40.641 12 4 225 1 917.5
82 45 45.946 26 6 724 3 690
101 51 51.875 54 10 201 5 151
119 50 57.492 75 14 161 5 950
120 48 57.804 81 14 400 5 760
130 67 60.925 48 16 900 8 710
134 60 62.173 75 17 956 8 040
145 64 65.606 49 21 025 9 280
180 84 76.528 84 32 400 15 120
195 78 81.209 85 38 025 15 210
205 96 84.330 52 42 025 19 680
207 87 84.954 66 42 849 18 009
210 87 85.890 86 44 100 18 270
213 75 86.827 06 45 369 15 975
225 99 90.571 87 50 625 22 275
225 87 90.571 87 50 625 19 575
227 116 91.196 51 529 26 332
230 105 92.132 2 52 900 24 150
238 109 94.628 74 56 644 25 942
242 106 95.877 01 58 564 25 652
265 105 103.054 6 70 225 27 825
280 96 107.735 6 78 400 26 880
295 99 112.416 6 87 025 29 205
325 114 121.778 6 105 625 37 050
325 117 121.778 6 105 625 38 025
355 122 131.140 6 126 025 43 310
5462 2274.5 1 251 868 501 855.5
Se
140 Data
Regression
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 Su
0 100 200 300 400
budynas_SM_ch20.qxd 12/06/2006 18:53 Page 8
FIRST PAGES
2
20-10 E = y − a 0 − a2 x 2
∂E
= −2 y − a 0 − a2 x 2 = 0
∂a0
y − na0 − a2 x2 = 0 ⇒ y = na0 + a2 x2
Ans.
∂E
=2 y − a0 − a2 x 2 (2x) = 0 ⇒ x y = a0 x + a2 x3
∂a2
Cramer’s rule
y x 2
x y x 3 x 3 y − x 2 x y
a0 = =
n x 2 nx 3 − xx 2
x x 3
n y
x x y nx y − xy
a2 = 2 =
n x nx 3 − xx 2
x x 3
Data Regression
x y y x2 x3 xy
20 19 19.2 400 8 000 380
40 17 16.8 1600 64 000 680
60 13 12.8 3600 216 000 780
80 7 7.2 6400 512 000 560
200 56 12 000 800 000 2400
20
15
10
0 x
0 20 40 60 80 100
budynas_SM_ch20.qxd 12/06/2006 18:53 Page 9
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 9
20-11
Data Regression
x y y x2 y2 xy x − x̄ (x − x̄) 2
0.2 7.1 7.931 803 0.04 50.41 1.42 −0.633 333 0.401 111 111
0.4 10.3 9.884 918 0.16 106.09 4.12 −0.433 333 0.187 777 778
0.6 12.1 11.838 032 0.36 146.41 7.26 −0.233 333 0.054 444 444
0.8 13.8 13.791 147 0.64 190.44 11.04 −0.033 333 0.001 111 111
1 16.2 15.744 262 1.00 262.44 16.20 0.166 666 0.027 777 778
2 25.2 25.509 836 4.00 635.04 50.40 1.166 666 1.361 111 111
5 84.7 6.2 1390.83 90.44 0 2.033 333 333
6(90.44) − 5(84.7)
m̂ = k̄ = = 9.7656
6(6.2) − (5) 2
84.7 − 9.7656(5)
b̂ = F̄i = = 5.9787
6
F
30 Data
Regression
25
20
15
10
0 x
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
5 84.7
(a) x̄ = ; ȳ = = 14.117
6 6
Eq. (20-37)
1390.83 − 5.9787(84.7) − 9.7656(90.44)
s yx =
6−2
= 0.556
Eq. (20-36)
1 (5/6) 2
sb̂ = 0.556 + = 0.3964 lbf
6 2.0333
Fi = (5.9787, 0.3964) lbf Ans.
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FIRST PAGES
20-12 The expression = δ/l is of the form x/y. Now δ = (0.0015, 0.000 092) in, unspecified
distribution; l = (2.000, 0.0081) in, unspecified distribution;
C x = 0.000 092/0.0015 = 0.0613
C y = 0.0081/2.000 = 0.000 75
From Table 20-6, ¯ = 0.0015/2.000 = 0.000 75
1/2
0.06132 + 0.004 052
σ̂ = 0.000 75
1 + 0.004 052
= 4.607(10−5 ) = 0.000 046
We can predict ¯ and σ̂ but not the distribution of .
20-13 σ = E
= (0.0005, 0.000 034) distribution unspecified; E = (29.5, 0.885) Mpsi, distribution
unspecified;
C x = 0.000 034/0.0005 = 0.068,
C y = 0.0885/29.5 = 0.030
σ is of the form x, y
Table 20-6
σ̄ = ¯ Ē = 0.0005(29.5)106 = 14 750 psi
σ̂σ = 14 750(0.0682 + 0.0302 + 0.0682 + 0.0302 ) 1/2
= 1096.7 psi
Cσ = 1096.7/14 750 = 0.074 35
20-14
Fl
δ=
AE
F = (14.7, 1.3) kip, A = (0.226, 0.003) in2 , l = (1.5, 0.004) in, E = (29.5, 0.885) Mpsi dis-
tributions unspecified.
C F = 1.3/14.7 = 0.0884 ; C A = 0.003/0.226 = 0.0133 ; Cl = 0.004/1.5 = 0.00267 ;
C E = 0.885/29.5 = 0.03
Mean of δ:
Fl 1 1
δ= = Fl
AE A E
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FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 11
. F̄ l¯
2 1/2
1/2
σ̂δ = C F + Cl2 + C 2A + C E2 = δ̄ C F2 + Cl2 + C 2A + C 2E
Ā Ē
σ̂δ = 0.003 31(0.08842 + 0.002672 + 0.01332 + 0.032 ) 1/2
= 0.000 313 in Ans.
COV
Cδ = 0.000 313/0.003 31 = 0.0945 Ans.
Force COV dominates. There is no distributional information on δ.
20-15 M = (15 000, 1350) lbf · in, distribution unspecified; d = (2.00, 0.005) in distribution
unspecified.
32M 1350 0.005
σ= , CM = = 0.09 , Cd = = 0.0025
πd3 15 000 2.00
σ is of the form x/y, Table 20-6.
Mean:
32 M̄ . 32 M̄ 32(15 000)
σ̄ = = =
π d3 π d̄ 3 π(23 )
= 19 099 psi Ans.
Standard Deviation:
2
1/2
σ̂σ = σ̄ C M + Cd23 1 + Cd23
.
From Table 20-6, Cd 3 = 3Cd = 3(0.0025) = 0.0075
2 1/2
σ̂σ = σ̄ C M + (3Cd ) 2 (1 + (3Cd )) 2
= 19 099[(0.092 + 0.00752 )/(1 + 0.00752 )]1/2
= 1725 psi Ans.
COV:
1725
Cσ = = 0.0903 Ans.
19 099
Stress COV dominates. No information of distribution of σ.
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FIRST PAGES
20-16
f (x)
␣ 
x
x1 x2
Fraction discarded is α + β. The area under the PDF was unity. Having discarded α + β
fraction, the ordinates to the truncated PDF are multiplied by a.
1
a=
1 − (α + β)
New PDF, g(x) , is given by
f (x)/[1 − (α + β)] x1 ≤ x ≤ x2
g(x) =
0 otherwise
20-17
(a) d = U[0.748, 0.751]
0.751 + 0.748
µd = = 0.7495 in
2
0.751 − 0.748
σ̂d = √ = 0.000 866 in
2 3
1 1
f (x) = = = 333.3 in−1
b−a 0.751 − 0.748
x − 0.748
F(x) = = 333.3(x − 0.748)
0.751 − 0.748
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FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 13
20-18 From Table A-10, 8.1% corresponds to z 1 = −1.4 and 5.5% corresponds to z 2 = +1.6.
k1 = µ + z 1 σ̂
k2 = µ + z 2 σ̂
From which
z 2 k1 − z 1 k2 1.6(9) − (−1.4)11
µ= =
z2 − z1 1.6 − (−1.4)
= 9.933
k2 − k1
σ̂ =
z2 − z1
11 − 9
= = 0.6667
1.6 − (−1.4)
The original density function is
2
1 1 k − 9.933
f (k) = √ exp − Ans.
0.6667 2π 2 0.6667
FIRST PAGES
20-20
x f fx f x2 x f/(Nw) f (x)
60 2 120 7200 60 0.002 899 0.000 399
70 1 70 4900 70 0.001 449 0.001 206
80 3 240 19 200 80 0.004 348 0.003 009
90 5 450 40 500 90 0.007 246 0.006 204
100 8 800 80 000 100 0.011 594 0.010 567
110 12 1320 145 200 110 0.017 391 0.014 871
120 6 720 86 400 120 0.008 696 0.017 292
130 10 1300 169 000 130 0.014 493 0.016 612
140 8 1120 156 800 140 0.011 594 0.013 185
150 5 750 112 500 150 0.007 246 0.008 647
160 2 320 51 200 160 0.002 899 0.004 685
170 3 510 86 700 170 0.004 348 0.002 097
180 2 360 64 800 180 0.002 899 0.000 776
190 1 190 36 100 190 0.001 449 0.000 237
200 0 0 0 200 0 5.98E-05
210 1 210 44 100 210 0.001 449 1.25E-05
69 8480
x̄ = 122.8986 sx = 22.887 19
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 15
f
0.02 Histogram
PDF
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0 x
0 50 100 150 200 250
20-21
x f fx f x2 f/(Nw) f (x)
174 6 1044 181 656 0.003 807 0.001 642
182 9 1638 298 116 0.005 711 0.009 485
190 44 8360 1 588 400 0.027 919 0.027 742
198 67 13 266 2 626 668 0.042 513 0.041 068
206 53 10 918 2 249 108 0.033 629 0.030 773
214 12 2568 549 552 0.007 614 0.011 671
222 6 1332 295 704 0.003 807 0.002 241
1386 197 39 126 7 789 204
f
x f/(Nw) f (x) 0.045 Data
PDF
0.04
170 0 0.000 529
170 0.003 807 0.000 529 0.035
FIRST PAGES
20-22
x f fx f x2 f/(Nw) f (x)
64 2 128 8192 0.008 621 0.005 48
68 6 408 27 744 0.025 862 0.017 299
72 6 432 31 104 0.025 862 0.037 705
76 9 684 51 984 0.038 793 0.056 742
80 19 1520 121 600 0.081 897 0.058 959
84 10 840 70 560 0.043 103 0.042 298
88 4 352 30 976 0.017 241 0.020 952
92 2 184 16 928 0.008 621 0.007 165
624 58 4548 359 088
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0 x
60 70 80 90 100
20-23
4 P̄ 4(40)
σ̄ = = = 50.93 kpsi
πd 2 π(12 )
4 σ̂ P 4(8.5)
σ̂σ = = = 10.82 kpsi
πd 2 π(12 )
σ̂s y = 5.9 kpsi
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FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 17
For no yield, m = S y − σ ≥ 0
m − µm 0 − µm µm
z= = =−
σ̂m σ̂m σ̂m
µm = S̄ y − σ̄ = 27.47 kpsi,
1/2
σ̂m = σ̂σ + σ̂ Sy
2 2
= 12.32 kpsi
−27.47 m
z= = −2.230 0
12.32
From Table A-10, p f = 0.0129
R = 1 − p f = 1 − 0.0129 = 0.987 Ans.
S̄ y 1 + Cσ2
= ln
σ̄ 1 + C S2y
1/2
σ̂ y = ln 1 + C S2y + ln 1 + Cσ2
= ln 1 + C Sy 1 + Cσ
2 2
S̄ y 1 + Cσ2
ln
µ σ̄ 1 + C S2
z = − = −
y
σ̂
ln 1 + C S2y 1 + Cσ2
4 P̄ 4(30)
σ̄ = = = 38.197 kpsi
πd 2 π(12 )
4 σ̂ P 4(5.1)
σ̂σ = = = 6.494 kpsi
πd 2 π(12 )
6.494
Cσ = = 0.1700
38.197
3.81
C Sy = = 0.076 81
49.6
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FIRST PAGES
49.6 1 + 0.170 2
ln
38.197 1 + 0.076 812
z = − = −1.470
ln (1 + 0.076 812 )(1 + 0.1702 )
From Table A-10
p f = 0.0708
R = 1 − p f = 0.929 Ans.
20-25
x n nx nx 2
93 19 1767 164 311
95 25 2375 225 625
97 38 3685 357 542
99 17 1683 166 617
101 12 1212 122 412
103 10 1030 106 090
105 5 525 55 125
107 4 428 45 796
109 4 436 47 524
111 2 222 24 624
136 13 364 1315 704
20-26 From Prob. 20-25, µx = 98.26 kpsi, and σ̂x = 4.30 kpsi.
C x = σ̂x /µx = 4.30/98.26 = 0.043 76
From Eqs. (20-18) and (20-19),
µ y = ln(98.26) − 0.043 762 /2 = 4.587
!
σ̂ y = ln(1 + 0.043 762 ) = 0.043 74
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 19
0.16 Histogram
f (x)
0.14 g(x)
0.12
Probability density
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112
x (kpsi)
The normal and lognormal are almost the same. However the data is quite skewed and
perhaps a Weibull distribution should be explored. For a method of establishing the
budynas_SM_ch20.qxd 12/06/2006 19:32 Page 20
FIRST PAGES
Weibull parameters see Shigley, J. E., and C. R. Mischke, Mechanical Engineering Design,
McGraw-Hill, 5th ed., 1989, Sec. 4-12.
20-28
x = Sut
x0 = 27.7, θ = 46.2, b = 4.38
µx = 27.7 + (46.2 − 27.7)(1 + 1/4.38)
= 27.7 + 18.5 (1.23)
= 27.7 + 18.5(0.910 75)
= 44.55 kpsi Ans.
σ̂x = (46.2 − 27.7)[(1 + 2/4.38) − 2 (1 + 1/4.38)]1/2
= 18.5[(1.46) − 2 (1.23)]1/2
= 18.5[0.8856 − 0.910 752 ]1/2
= 4.38 kpsi Ans.
4.38
Cx = = 0.098 Ans.
44.55
From the Weibull survival equation
x − x0 b
R = exp − =1− p
θ − x0
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FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 21
x40 − x0 b
R40 = exp − = 1 − p40
θ − x0
40 − 27.7 4.38
= exp − = 0.846
46.2 − 27.7
20-29
x = Sut
x0 = 151.9, θ = 193.6, b = 8
µx = 151.9 + (193.6 − 151.9)(1 + 1/8)
= 151.9 + 41.7 (1.125)
= 151.9 + 41.7(0.941 76)
= 191.2 kpsi Ans.
σ̂x = (193.6 − 151.9)[(1 + 2/8) − 2 (1 + 1/8)]1/2
= 41.7[(1.25) − 2 (1.125)]1/2
= 41.7[0.906 40 − 0.941 762 ]1/2
= 5.82 kpsi Ans.
5.82
Cx = = 0.030
191.2
20-30
x = Sut
x0 = 47.6, θ = 125.6, b = 11.84
x̄ = 47.6 + (125.6 − 47.6)(1 + 1/11.84)
x̄ = 47.6 + 78 (1.08)
= 47.6 + 78(0.959 73) = 122.5 kpsi
σ̂x = (125.6 − 47.6)[(1 + 2/11.84) − 2 (1 + 1/11.84)]1/2
= 78[(1.08) − 2 (1.17)]1/2
= 78(0.959 73 − 0.936 702 ) 1/2
= 22.4 kpsi
From Prob. 20-28
x − x0 b
p = 1 − exp −
θ − θ0
100 − 47.6 11.84
= 1 − exp −
125.6 − 47.6
= 0.0090 Ans.
budynas_SM_ch20.qxd 12/06/2006 19:48 Page 22
FIRST PAGES
y = Sy
y0 = 64.1, θ = 81.0, b = 3.77
ȳ = 64.1 + (81.0 − 64.1)(1 + 1/3.77)
= 64.1 + 16.9 (1.27)
= 64.1 + 16.9(0.902 50)
= 79.35 kpsi
σ y = (81 − 64.1)[(1 + 2/3.77) − (1 + 1/3.77)]1/2
σ y = 16.9[(0.887 57) − 0.902 502 ]1/2
= 4.57 kpsi
y − y0 3.77
p = 1 − exp −
θ − y0
70 − 64.1 3.77
p = 1 − exp − = 0.019 Ans.
81 − 64.1
20-31 x = Sut = W[122.3, 134.6, 3.64] kpsi, p(x > 120) = 1 = 100% since x0 > 120 kpsi
133 − 122.3 3.64
p(x > 133) = exp −
134.6 − 122.3
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 23
f (n)
0.014 LN
W
0.012
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
n, kcycles
The Weibull L10 life comes from Eq. (20-26) with a reliability of R = 0.90. Thus,
n 0.10 = 36.9 + (133 − 36.9)[ln(1/0.90)]1/2.66 = 78.1 kcycles Ans.
The lognormal L10 life comes from the definition of the z variable. That is,
ln n 0 = µ y + σ̂ y z or n 0 = exp(µ y + σ̂ y z)
From Table A-10, for R = 0.90, z = −1.282. Thus,
n 0 = exp[4.771 + 0.2778(−1.282)] = 82.7 kcycles Ans.
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FIRST PAGES
x g(x)
i L(10−5) fi −5
f i x(10 ) 2 −10
f i x (10 ) (105 )
1 3.05 3 9.15 27.9075 0.0557
2 3.55 7 24.85 88.2175 0.1474
3 4.05 11 44.55 180.4275 0.2514
4 4.55 16 72.80 331.24 0.3168
5 5.05 21 106.05 535.5525 0.3216
6 5.55 13 72.15 400.4325 0.2789
7 6.05 13 78.65 475.8325 0.2151
8 6.55 6 39.30 257.415 0.1517
9 7.05 2 14.10 99.405 0.1000
10 7.55 0 0 0 0.0625
11 8.05 4 32.20 259.21 0.0375
12 8.55 3 25.65 219.3075 0.0218
13 9.05 0 0 0 0.0124
14 9.55 0 0 0 0.0069
15 10.05 1 10.05 101.0025 0.0038
100 529.50 2975.95
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 25
105 g(x)
0.5
Superposed
0.4
histogram
and PDF
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
3.05(105) 10.05(105)
x, cycles
20-34
x = Su = W[70.3, 84.4, 2.01]
Eq. (20-28) µx = 70.3 + (84.4 − 70.3)(1 + 1/2.01)
= 70.3 + (84.4 − 70.3)(1.498)
= 70.3 + (84.4 − 70.3)0.886 17
= 82.8 kpsi Ans.
Eq. (20-29) σ̂x = (84.4 − 70.3)[(1 + 2/2.01) − 2 (1 + 1/2.01)]1/2
σ̂x = 14.1[0.997 91 − 0.886 172 ]1/2
= 6.502 kpsi
6.502
Cx = = 0.079 Ans.
82.8
FIRST PAGES
20-36
x = S y = W[34.7, 39, 2.93] kpsi
x̄ = 34.7 + (39 − 34.7)(1 + 1/2.93)
= 34.7 + 4.3(1.34)
= 34.7 + 4.3(0.892 22) = 38.5 kpsi
σ̂x = (39 − 34.7)[(1 + 2/2.93) − 2 (1 + 1/2.93)]1/2
= 4.3[(1.68) − 2 (1.34)]1/2
= 4.3[0.905 00 − 0.892 222 ]1/2
= 1.42 kpsi Ans.
C x = 1.42/38.5 = 0.037 Ans.
20-37
x (Mrev) f fx f x2
1 11 11 11
2 22 44 88
3 38 114 342
4 57 228 912
5 31 155 775
6 19 114 684
7 15 105 735
8 12 96 768
9 11 99 891
10 9 90 900
11 7 77 847
12 5 60 720
Sum 78 237 1193 7673
FIRST PAGES
Chapter 20 27
0.15
5.5 0.080 17 0.131 58
6.5 0.080 17 0.090 11
6.5 0.063 29 0.090 11 0.1
ln x − µ y
z= ⇒ ln x = µ y + σ̂ y z = 15.292 + 0.496z
σ̂ y
L10 life, where 10% of bearings fail, from Table A-10, z = −1.282. Thus,
ln x = 15.292 + 0.496(−1.282) = 14.66
∴ x = 2.32 × 106 rev Ans.