Assignment No 2 . – Normal Distribution.

1. X is a normally normally distributed variable with mean μ = 30 and standard deviation σ = 4. Find
a) P(x < 40)
b) P(x > 21)
c) P(30 < x < 35)
2. A radar unit is used to measure speeds of cars on a motorway. The speeds are normally distributed
with a mean of 90 km/hr and a standard deviation of 10 km/hr. What is the probability that a car
picked at random is travelling at more than 100 km/hr?
3. For a certain type of computers, the length of time bewteen charges of the battery is normally
distributed with a mean of 50 hours and a standard deviation of 15 hours. John owns one of these
computers and wants to know the probability that the length of time will be between 50 and 70
hours.
4. Entry to a certain University is determined by a national test. The scores on this test are normally
distributed with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100. Tom wants to be admitted to this
university and he knows that he must score better than at least 70% of the students who took the
test. Tom takes the test and scores 585. Will he be admitted to this university?
5. The length of similar components produced by a company are approximated by a normal distribution
model with a mean of 5 cm and a standard deviation of 0.02 cm. If a component is chosen at random
a) what is the probability that the length of this component is between 4.98 and 5.02 cm?
b) what is the probability that the length of this component is between 4.96 and 5.04 cm?
6. The length of life of an instrument produced by a machine has a normal ditribution with a mean of 12
months and standard deviation of 2 months. Find the probability that an instrument produced by this
machine will last
a) less than 7 months.
b) between 7 and 12 months.
7. The time taken to assemble a car in a certain plant is a random variable having a normal distribution
of 20 hours and a standard deviation of 2 hours. What is the probability that a car can be assembled
at this plant in a period of time
a) less than 19.5 hours?
b) between 20 and 22 hours?
8. A large group of students took a test in Physics and the final grades have a mean of 70 and a standard
deviation of 10. If we can approximate the distribution of these grades by a normal distribution, what
percent of the students
a) scored higher than 80?
b) should pass the test (grades≥60)?
c) should fail the test (grades<60)?
9. The annual salaries of employees in a large company are approximateley normally distributed with a
mean of $50,000 and a standard deviation of $20,000.
a) What percent of people earn less than $40,000?
b) What percent of people earn between $45,000 and $65,000?
c) What percent of people earn more than $70,000?
10. An average light bulb manufactured by the Acme Corporation lasts 300 days with a standard deviation
of 50 days. Assuming that bulb life is normally distributed, what is the probability that an Acme light
bulb will last at most 365 days?

11. Suppose scores on an IQ test are normally distributed. If the test has a mean of 100 and a standard
deviation of 10, what is the probability that a person who takes the test will score between 90 and
110?

12. Molly earned a score of 940 on a national achievement test. The mean test score was 850 with a
standard deviation of 100. What proportion of students had a higher score than Molly? (Assume that
test scores are normally distributed.)

13. 13. It was found that the mean length of 100 parts produced by a lathe was 20.05 mm with a standard
deviation of 0.02 mm. Find the probability that a part selected at random would have a length
Assignment No 2 . – Normal Distribution.

(a) between 20.03 mm and 20.08 mm

(b) between 20.06 mm and 20.07 mm

(c) less than 20.01 mm

(d) greater than 20.09 mm.

14. A company pays its employees an average wage of $3.25 an hour with a standard deviation of 60 cents. If
the wages are approximately normally distributed, determine

a. the proportion of the workers getting wages between $2.75 and $3.69 an hour;
b. the minimum wage of the highest 5%.

15. The average life of a certain type of motor is 10 years, with a standard deviation of 2 years. If the
manufacturer is willing to replace only 3% of the motors that fail, how long a guarantee should he offer?
Assume that the lives of the motors follow a normal distribution.

16. If X is a normal random variable with mean (m) 96 and standard deviation (σ) 10 Calculate  P(X<106)

17.Calculate the following Normal distribution probabilities:

(a) P(Z > 1.06)

(b) P(Z < -2.15)

(c) P(1.06 < Z < 4.00)

(d) P(-1.06 < Z < 4.00)

18. Let us now consider the problem of making probability statements about a variable that is known to have a
standard normal distribution. Let us suppose that we wish to calculate the following probabilities:

   (a)  That Z is greater than 2.4   i.e. p( z > 2.4)

   (b)  That Z lies between -1.24 and 1.86  i.e. p(-1.24 < Z< 1.86)

19. The Tahoe Natural Coffee Shop morning customer load follows a normal distribution with mean 45 and
standard deviation 8.  Determine the probability that the number of customers tomorrow will be less than 42.

20. A study was done to determine the stress levels that students have while taking exams.  The stress level
was found to be normally distributed with a mean stress level of 8.2 and a standard deviation of 1.34.  What is
the probability that at your next exam, you will have a stress level between 9 and 10?

Example:
The IQ’s of a group students are normally distributed with a mean of 100, and a standard deviation of 12. What
is the lowest IQ of the top 30% of the students?
Call this IQ x.First draw a simple diagram. The areamarked by lines will need to be 30%.
To find the value of Z for which the shaded area is 30% we need to look at the numbers
in the standard Normal table.The nearest to 30% is 0.3015 which is along the row Z = 0.5 and under the
column
Z = 0.02, so Z = 0·52
Z = (value given-mean)/standard deviation
0·52 = ( x- 100 ) / 12
Assignment No 2 . – Normal Distribution.

12 X 0·52 = x - 100
6·24 = x - 100
x = 106·24
The lowest IQ of the top 30% of the students is 106 (to 3 figures).
Exercise
1. The blood pressure of adult males is normally distributed with a mean of 125mm/hg and a standard
deviation of 8.
a) What is the minimum blood pressure ofthe 50% with the highest blood pressures?
b) What is the minimum blood pressure of the 30% with the highest blood pressures?
c) What is the maximum blood pressure of the 30% with the lowest blood pressures?
d). What is the minimum blood pressure of the 20% with the highest blood pressures?
Answers : (a) 125mm/Hg (b) 129·16mm/Hg
(c) 120·84mm/Hg (d) 131·8mm/Hg
Example:
The weights of a packet of biscuits are normally distributed with a standard deviation of 0·5g.
The packing machine can be set to any given mean weight.
What must the mean be set at if 85%% ofpackets must weigh more than 500g?
First draw the diagram.

The shaded area is 85% so the unshaded tail area is 15%.

This is the area we look up in the table to find the value of Z.
The nearest to 15% is 0.1492 for which
Z = -1.04 (negative because the area is on the left)
Z = (value given-mean)/standard deviation
-1·04 = (500 - M) / 0·5
- 1·04 X 0·5 = 500 - M
- 0·52 = 500 - M
M = 500 + 0·52 = 500·52g
The mean should be set at 500·52g
Exercise.
1. What should the mean be set at in the previous example, if 80% of packets of biscuits must weigh more than
500g?
2. A machine packs small stones into bags for use in gardens. The standard deviation is 0·5kg. The mean fill of
the bags can be set to any value. What should it be set at so that 70% of bags weigh at least 26kg?
3. The marks of a group of students are normally distributed with a standard deviation of 10. If 42% of the
students gained 67 marks or more out of 100, what was the mean mark?
4. It is known that the salaries of employees at ABC plc are normally distributed with a standard deviation of
£10 000. If 70% of employees have a salary of at least £20 000, what is the mean salary of all employes?
Answers: 1) 500·42g 2) 25·74kg 3) 65 4) £25 200

5. In a statistics test the marks were normally distributed with a mean of 68% and a standard deviation of 10%.
a) What was the minimum mark of the top 45% of students?
b) The top 15% of students are to receive a special prize. What is the least mark for a prizewinner?
c) What mark did the bottom 20% of students fall below?
6. The time taken to complete a test is normally distributed with a mean of 5 minutes and standard deviation
of 1 minute.
a) How long did the slowest 15% take to complete the test?
b) How quick were the quickest 37%?
7. The salaries of workers at Hardywork plc are normally distributed with a mean of £20 000 and standard
deviation of £5 000 . What is the minimum salary of the highest earning 70%?
Answers: 5a) 69% (b) 78% (c) 60% 6a) 6·04 mins (b) 4·67 mins 7. £17 400