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Acute Gastroenteritis
Submitted by:
Mason William de la Cerna
BSN – III-B, Group B3
Submitted to:
Ms. Marissa Guadalupe, R.N.
I. INTRODUCTION
Acute Gastroenteritis
II. OBJECTIVES:
A. General Objectives
B. Specific Objectives
1. To present a thorough assessment, through Nursing Health History, Gordon’s
Typology 11 Functional Pattern, Physical Assessment, and the interpretation
of the laboratory examination done on the patient.
2. To discuss the anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology of the patient’s
condition, usual clinical manifestations and possible complications of this
condition.
3. To have knowledge to the client medication and be familiar to that medication.
4. To formulate a workable nursing care plan on the subjective and objective
cues gathered through nurse-patient interaction to be able to help the patient
recover.
III. PATIENT'S PROFILE
A. Biographical Data
B. Chief Complaint
According to the significant others, the client was defecating more often
than the usual that’s why they rushed him to the hospital.
B. Past History
The client had fever, cough and colds. He had completed all vaccinations
including BCG, DPT, Hepatitis B vaccine. The patient had never been any of the
childhood disease such as measles, mumps and chicken pox. The patient had no
history of accident or any injury. He does not have allergy in any food or drug. He
was hospitalized before because of the same complaint.
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT
Date: August 22,2009 Clinical Area: Gastro ward, Bed 11
BODY
NORMAL ACTUAL
PARTS TECHNIQUES INTERPRETATION
FINDINGS FINDINGS
ASSESSED
1.Skin
c. Turgor Inspection and Springs back Moves back Deviated due to slight
Palpation immediately to slowly dehydration
previous state
b.Mucosa Inspection and Uniform pink color Dry and slightly Deviated from normal
Palpation pink in color due to slight
dehydration
c. Gums Inspection and Pink gums, moist, Pink gums, dry, Deviated from normal
Palpation firm texture firm texture due to slight
dehydration
3.
Abdomen
Auscultation Audible bowel Hyperactive Deviated due to
Bowel sounds bowel sound diarrhea
sounds
V. REVIEW IF SYSTEM
Digestive System
The primary function of the digestive system is to break down the food we
eat into smaller parts so the body can use them to build and nourish cells and provide
energy. There occurs propulsion which is the movement of food along the digestive
tract. The major means of propulsion is peristalsis, a series of alternating contractions
and relaxations of smooth muscle that lines the walls of the digestive organs and that
forces food to move forward. It secretes digestive enzymes and other substances
liquefies, adjusts the pH of, and chemically breaks down the food. Mechanical
digestion is the process of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces. This
process begins with the chewing of food and continues with the muscular churning
of the stomach. Additional churning occurs in the small intestine through muscular
constriction of the intestinal wall. This process, called segmentation, is similar to
peristalsis, except that the rhythmic timing of the muscle constrictions forces the
food backward and forward rather than forward only. Chemical digestion which is the
process of chemically breaking down food into simple molecules. The process is
carried out by enzymes in the stomach and small intestines. Then absorption or the
movement of molecules (by passive diffusion or active transport) from the digestive tract
to adjacent blood and lymphatic vessels. Absorption is the entrance of the digested
food into the body. And lastly, defecation which is the process of eliminating undigested
material through the anus.
The human digestive system is a complex series of organs and glands that processes
food. In order to use the food we eat, our body has to break the food down into smaller
molecules that it can process; it also has to excrete waste.
Most of the digestive organs (like the stomach and intestines) are tube-like
and contain the food as it makes its way through the body. The digestive system is
essentially a long, twisting tube that runs from the mouth to the anus, plus a few other
organs (like the liver and pancreas) that produce or store digestive chemicals.
The Digestive Process:
The start of the process - the mouth: The digestive process begins in the
mouth. Food is partly broken down by the process of chewing and by the chemical
action of salivary enzymes (these enzymes are produced by the salivary glands and
break down starches into smaller molecules).
On the way to the stomach: the esophagus - After being chewed and
swallowed, the food enters the esophagus. The esophagus is a long tube that
runs from the mouth to the stomach. It uses rhythmic, wave-like muscle movements
(called peristalsis) to force food from the throat into the stomach. This muscle
movement gives us the ability to eat or drink even when we're upside-down.
In the stomach - The stomach is a large, sack-like organ that churns the food
and bathes it in a very strong acid (gastric acid). Food in the stomach that is partly
digested and mixed with stomach acids is called chyme.
In the small intestine - After being in the stomach, food enters the duodenum,
the first part of the small intestine. It then enters the jejunum and then the ileum (the
final part of the small intestine). In the small intestine, bile (produced in the liver and
stored in the gall bladder), pancreatic enzymes, and other digestive enzymes produced
by the inner wall of the small intestine help in the breakdown of food.
In the large intestine - After passing through the small intestine, food passes
into the large intestine. In the large intestine, some of the water and electrolytes
(chemicals like sodium) are removed from the food. Many microbes (bacteria like
Bacteroides, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella) in the large
intestine help in the digestion process. The first part of the large intestine is called the
cecum (the appendix is connected to the cecum). Food then travels upward in the
ascending colon. The food travels across the abdomen in the transverse colon,
goes back down the other side of the body in the descending colon, and then through
the sigmoid colon.
The end of the process - Solid waste is then stored in the rectum until it is
excreted via the anus.
2. Ranitidine 12mg - Inhibits gastric acid - Cirrhosis of the liver Abdominal pain, - Take as directed
TIV secretion by blocking the - Impaired renal or headache, dizziness, with immediately
(q 6 hrs.) effect of histamine on hepatic function malaise, N and V following meals
histamine H2 receptors. - Store at room
- GERD temperature
Increase gastric
Dependent:
motility/peristalsis > To decrease
> Administer gastrointestinal
antidiarrheal motility and minimize
Increase gastric
motility medications as fluid loses
indicated.
Frequent
defecation