If a , b , c and p are positive real numbers, then

∑a (1 + p 2 )(b2 + p 2c 2 ) ≤ p∑ a 2 + ( p 2 − p + 1)∑ ab .

Proof. By the AM-GM Inequality, we have

b + pc b 2 + p 2 c 2 b + pc 2 b 2 + p 2 c 2 1 [( b + pc ) 2 + b + p c ]
2 2 2
( ) = ( ) ( ) ≤
1+ p 1+ p 2 1+ p 1+ p 2 2 1+ p 1+ p 2

(1 + p + p 2 )(b2 + p2c2 ) + p(1 + p2 )bc (1 + p + p2 )(b + pc)2 − p(1 + p)2 bc

= = ,
(1 + p)2 (1 + p 2 ) (1 + p)2 (1 + p 2 )
hence
(1 + p + p 2 )(b + pc ) p (1 + p )bc
(1 + p 2 )(b 2 + p 2 c 2 ) ≤ − .
1+ p b + pc
Therefore,

∑a (1 + p 2 )(b2 + p 2c 2 ) ≤ (1 + p + p 2 )∑ ab − p(1 + p)abc∑ 1

b + pc
9 pabc
≤ (1 + p + p 2 ) ∑ ab − p (1 + p ) abc 9 = (1 + p + p 2 ) ∑ ab − ,
∑ (b + pc ) ∑a
and we still have to show that

2 ∑ ab − 9 abc ≤ ∑ a 2 .
∑a
This inequality is equivalent to
( ∑ a ) 3 + 9 abc ≥ 4( ∑ a )( ∑ ab ) ,

which is just Schur’s inequality of third degree.

Remark. Since
p 2 +1 p 2 − 3 p +1
p ∑ a 2 + ( p 2 − p + 1) ∑ ab = (∑ a) 2 − ( ∑ a 2 − ∑ ab )
3 3
p 2 +1
3 ∑
≤ ( a) 2

3+ 5
for p ≥ , we get
2
7+3 5
• Let a , b , c be positive real numbers. If q ≥ ≅ 6.85 then
2
q +1
∑a b 2 + qc 2 ≤
3 ∑
( a) 2 .
 On the other hand, since
p 2 +1 ( p − 1) 2
p ∑ a 2 + ( p 2 − p + 1) ∑ ab = ( ∑ a 2 + ∑ ab ) − ( ∑ a 2 − ∑ ab )
2 2
p 2 +1
≤ ( ∑ a 2 + ∑ ab ) ,
2
we get:
• If a , b , c and q are positive real numbers, then
q +1
∑a b 2 + qc 2 ≤
2 ∑
( a 2 + ∑ ab ) .