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/p>
<!--mstheme--></font></td><td valign=3D"top" width=3D"24"></td><!--msnav=
igation--><td valign=3D"top"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial, Arial, H=
elvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"CENTER"><b>Key Performance Indicators</b></p>
<p ALIGN=3D"CENTER"><b>KPI</b></p>
<p><b>Background</b><br>
<br>
The term KPI has become one of the most over-used and little understood =
terms in business development and management. In theory it provides a se=
ries of measures against which internal managers and external investors =
can judge the business and how it is likely to perform over the medium a=
nd long term. Regrettably it has become confused with metrics =96 if we=
can measure it, it is a KPI. Against the growing background of noise cr=
eated by a welter of such KPI concepts, the true value of the core KPI b=
ecomes lost.<br>
<br>
The KPI when properly developed should be provide all staff with clear =
goals and objectives, coupled with an understanding of how they relate t=
o the overall success of the organisation. Published internally and cont=
inually referred to, they will also strengthen shared values and create =
common goals.<br>
<br>
<b><u>What are the key components of a KPI?</u></b><br>
<br>
The KPI should be seen as:<br>
<br>
Only <b> Key</b> when it is of fundamental importance in gaining competi=
tive advantage and is a make or break component in the success or failur=
e of the enterprise. For example, the level of labour turnover is an imp=
ortant operating ratio, but rarely one that is a make or break element i=
n the success and failure of the organisation. Many are able to operate =
on well below benchmark levels and still return satisfactory or above sa=
tisfactory results.<br>
<br>
Only relating to <b> Performance</b> when it can be clearly measured, qu=
antified and easily influenced by the organisation. For example, weather=
influences many tourist related operations =96 but the organisation can=
not influence the weather. Sales growth may be an important performance =
criteria =96 but targets must be set that can be measured.<br>
<br>
Only an <b> Indicator</b> if it provides leading information on future p=
erformance. A considerable amount of data within the organisation only h=
as value for historical purposes =96 for example debtor and creditor len=
gth. By contrast rates of new product development provide excellent lead=
ing edge information.<br>
<br>
Obviously KPI's cannot operate in a vacuum. One cannot establish a KPI w=
ithout a clear understanding of what is possible =96 so we have to be ab=
le to set upper and lower limits of the KPI in reference to the market a=
nd how the competition is performing (or in the absence of competition, =
a comparable measurement from a number of similar organisations). This m=
eans that an understanding of
<b> benchmarks</b> is essential to make KPI's useful (and specific to th=
e organisation), as they put the level of current performance in context=
=96 both for start ups and established enterprises =96 though they are =
more important for the latter. Benchmarks also help in checking what oth=
er successful organisations see as crucial in building and maintaining c=
ompetitive advantage, as they are central to any type of
<a href=3D"competitive-analysis.htm"> competitive analysis.</a>
</p>
<p>
<b><u>Start with what you need to measure and monitor</u></b><br>
<br>
Different organisations need to monitor different aspects of their envir=
onment. For example, the airline industry has a complex set of issues ma=
ny of which (but not all) are different from the dairy farmer. Ibis has =
created a number of separate
<a href=3D"quiz/business_monitoring.htm"> business monitoring</a> module=
s for medium sized companies which we believe cover the majority of requ=
irements for the development and maintenance of their organisation, that=
are part of a bottom up planning system based around
<a href=3D"knowledge-centres.htm"> knowledge centres.</a>
</p>
<div align=3D"center">
<center>
<!--mstheme--></font><table BORDER=3D"1" CELLSPACING=3D"2" BORDERCOLOR=
=3D"#000000" WIDTH=3D"642" DIR=3D"LTR" bordercolordark=3D"#906610" borde=
rcolorlight=3D"#906610">
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b>
<p>Knowledge centre</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"44%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b>
<p>Focus of activity</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"30%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b>
<p>Possible KPI</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Administration<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"44%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Leadership, planning and monitoring, balanced scorecard, budg=
eting,
portfolio theory, golden circle, decision making, creativity, SC=
ORE, <a href=3D"corporate-governance.htm">c<u>orporate
governance</u>,</a> territorial imperative, impact analysis, <u>=
<a href=3D"standard-operating-procedures.htm">standard
operating procedures</a></u>, mosaic management, prioritisation,=
trade
offs, MBO, succession planning, quality circles, technology audi=
t,
vision statement, SBU decisions, Abacus principle, time keeping,=
barriers
to entry, critical success factors, business model, legacy issue=
s,
successes failures/ lessons learnt, authority/ responsibility,
recruitment appraisal, acquisitions, cascade investment, disposa=
ls,
premises review, stakeholder relationships, trade associations, =
synergy,
recruitment appraisal, risk management, planning effectiveness, =
legal,
health and safety, SBS, utilities, insurance, security, design f=
or
operating efficiency, time study, complaints, pensions, share op=
tions,
employee share savings schemes, creativity, fringe benefits, bon=
us
systems,secrecy, meeting management, time management, cost cutti=
ng,
facilities management, stress, forecast grid, trade offs, commun=
ication,
investment appraisal, health and safety, environmental audit, IS=
O 9000,
ISO 14000, operating financial review (OFR), working conditions,=
employee suggestion, team building, training, internal service
satisfaction<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"30%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>PEST elements, budget ratio, high impact/ high probability
assumptions and boundary conditions (strategic risk assessment),=
CGAL,
contractual, portfolio risk levels, % hurdle rate, insurance
costs/sales, BEV, capital spread ratio, cost per sqm or cost per=
employee for facilities total space, productive hours %, % meeti=
ng
time,utility cost, noise, accidents, % outsourcing, complaint re=
solution
speed, complaint resolution cost, average meetings/ month, utili=
ty cost/
market cost ratio, premises cost/ market cost ratio, space utili=
sation,
whistleblowing, temperature, noise, health and safety breaches, =
security
breaches, document loss, pension cost, theft, AER, budget ratio,=
KFR,
project success, certification, wages ratio, litigation, interna=
l
service satisfaction levels, effective headcount, % mentoring<!-=
-mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Finance<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"44%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Planning and monitoring, balanced scorecard, budgeting, cash =
flow,
profit and loss, balance sheet, successes failures/ lessons lear=
nt,
trade offs, MBO, mosaic management, prioritisation, IFRS, GAAP,
succession planning, accounting assumptions, technology audit, S=
CORE,
decision making, creativity, quality circles, asset register,
invoicing,profitability, activity, and liquidity ratios, revalua=
tion
accounting, fraud, capital allocation profile, James' rule, cont=
ingent
liabilities, deferred consideration, cost capitalisation, brand
accounting, cost cutting, payment systems, trade offs, documenta=
ry
credits, time keeping, dividend policy, cash management, currenc=
y
management, sales tax, depreciation, synergy, recruitment apprai=
sal,
funding options, financial reporting, audit, cascade investment,=
recruitment appraisal, source and application of funds, sensitiv=
ity
analysis, investment appraisal, convertibles, tax management, cr=
edit
management, hedging, team building, time management,training, in=
ternal
service satisfaction<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"30%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Financial ratios, budget ratio, % outsourcing, FER, budget ra=
tio,
debt age, cost of finance, capital allocation ratio, capex, EFT%=
, CER,
tax charge, SPT %, gross yield, P/E,PEG, EPS, project success, D=
ER%, BDR,
FCF, overdue accounts, productive hours %, market dynamics capit=
al
allocation, EBITDA currency/ debt currency ratio, sales tax rate=
%, cash
interest rate%, depreciation %, internal service satisfaction le=
vels,
effective headcount, % mentoring<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Marketing/ sales<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"44%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Planning and monitoring, balanced scorecard , budgeting, port=
folio
analysis, trade offs, MBO, successes failures/ lessons learnt,
succession planning, recruitment appraisal, mosaic management,
prioritisation, technology audit, SCORE, decision making, creati=
vity,
market drivers, marketing mix, branding, Single Block Theory, en=
trants,
substitutes, market research, customer panel, sales channels,
distribution channels, sales management,investment appraisal, ca=
ll
centres, marginal profitability, quality circles, customer loss,=
products/services (width/depth), cross selling, value chain, exp=
ectation
fulfillment gap, market size, customer transition, seasonality,
networking, price elasticity,cascade investment, pricing terms a=
nd
conditions, quantitative analysis, customer satisfaction, refere=
nce
sale, time keeping, synergy, pricing power, cost cutting, market=
spread,
customer investment review (CIR), marketing myopia, product age =
spread,
organisational buyer behaviour, reference sale, customer spread,=
product
age, competitive advantage, competitive bidding, trade offs,
negotiation, recruitment appraisal, game theory, channel managem=
ent,
customer care, complaints, warranties, mystery shopper, time man=
agement,
branding, team building, training, internal service satisfaction=
<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"30%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>CLV, budget ratio, market share by segment, trial rate, compe=
titive
score, sales by channel, % repeat purchase, average sales value,=
sales
productivity, market share, advertising productivity by channel,=
cost
per lead, cost per converted lead, bid success rates, range sale=
%,
average discount, service call out times, productive hours %, en=
quiry
response time, seasonality ratio, price index, customer satisfac=
tion,
advertising awareness, % branding %, customer investment review,=
customer transition rate, value chain, % outsourcing, MER, budge=
t ratio,
EGMG ratio, customer investment return, customer churn, complain=
ts,
warranty claims, project success, channel members, product posit=
ioning
variance, SER, AER, pricing, price elasticity, country spread,
seasonality ratio, customer spread, product spread, product age =
spread
ratios, segmental leadership, TDA's, project success, CIR%, comp=
etitive
bidding success %, internal service satisfaction levels, effecti=
ve
headcount, % mentoring<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Production/logistics/ service delivery<!--mstheme--></font></=
td>
<td WIDTH=3D"44%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Planning and monitoring, balanced scorecard, budgeting, succe=
sses
failures/ lessons learnt, standard costing, activity based costi=
ng,
trade offs, MBO, succession planning, mosaic management, priorit=
isation,
investment appraisal, design for operating efficiency, JIT,
FMS,technology audit, SCORE including <u><a href=3D"cost-cutting=
.htm">cost
cutting</a></u>, decision making, creativity,production efficien=
cies,
PLM, aggregate demand policy, synergy, management accounting, OR=
,
suppliers, supply chain management, MRP, backorder, time keeping=
,
inventory levels, production equipment age, quantitative analysi=
s,
design, sophistication, capacity, TQM, TPM, waste management, co=
ndition
monitoring, recycling, complaints, technical support, recruitmen=
t
appraisal, distant data capture, distribution structure (warehou=
sing,
outlet location) and physical distribution management, obsolesce=
nt
stock, cascade investment, time based competition, time manageme=
nt,
quality circles, order processing, trade offs, scheduling, purch=
asing,
recruitment appraisal, vendor ranking, networking, postponement,=
standardization, product/ service design, team building,
training,internal service satisfaction<!--mstheme--></font></td>=
<td WIDTH=3D"30%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Cost variances, budget ratio,order processing cycle, producti=
on cycle
times, downtime, % outsourcing, PLER, budget ratio, STR, capacit=
y
utilisation, logistics cost, SPC, load utilisation, failure rate=
s,
return on plant, space utilisation, set up time, waste rates, po=
llution
levels, emergency delivery, out of stock %, obsolescent stock %,=
recycling%, back order %, JIT% energy efficiency ratio, peak cap=
acity %,
supplier ratio, partnering, obsolescent stock, EOQ, number of su=
ppliers,
supplier spread ratio, number of components, emergency call out,=
delivery failures, productive hours %, E-enablement, vendor rati=
ng,
project success, internal service satisfaction levels, effective=
headcount, % mentoring<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Personnel<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"44%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Planning and monitoring, balanced scorecard, budgeting, succe=
sses
failures/ lessons learnt, trade offs, MBO, succession planning, =
mosaic
management, prioritisation, quality circles, Noah principle, dec=
ision
making, creativity, technology audit, SCORE, eight &quot;S&quot;=
,
absenteeism, timekeeping, trade offs, overtime, industrial relat=
ions,
stress, bonus systems, training needs analysis, time keeping,
recruitment appraisal, time management, team building, cost cutt=
ing,
cascade investment,wages, employee record keeping, synergy, vaca=
tion
planning, training, internal service satisfaction<!--mstheme--><=
/font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"30%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Productivity, budget ratio,turnover, absenteeism, % outsourci=
ng
(temporary staff ratio), PER, budget ratio, labour cost%, wages =
ratio,
CNCER, employee satisfaction levels, CH/WH ratio, overtime%, ski=
lls,
training, discipline, disputes, appeals, timekeeping ratio,
apprenticeship, recruitment costs, training days,productive hour=
s %,
whistleblowing, span of control, appraisals, wages ratio, divers=
ity
index, PDP, project success, internal service satisfaction level=
s,
effective headcount, % mentoring<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>IT<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"44%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Planning and monitoring, balanced scorecard , budgeting,succe=
sses
failures/ lessons learnt, trade offs, MBO, investment appraisal,=
succession planning, mosaic management, prioritisation, data min=
ing,
technology audit, SCORE, decision making, creativity, Intranet,
Extranet, trade offs, telecommunications and IT platform, manage=
ment
information systems (MIS), web design and management, cloud comp=
uting,
systems, time management, synergy, recruitment appraisal, SEO,
information flow map, security,mystery shopper, teleworking, cas=
cade
investment,quantitative analysis, cost cutting, time keeping, sy=
stems
analysis, team building, training, artificial intelligence, quan=
titative
analysis, modeling, encryption, recruitment appraisal, internal =
service
satisfaction<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"30%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Management information system functionality,productivity, bud=
get
ratio,stability, web hits, access speed, site downtime, site cli=
ck
through, productive hours %, Intranet, Extranet, % outsourcing, =
ITER,
budget ratio, security breaches, data storage, EDI, web position=
,
quality of data, information overload, project success, internal=
service
satisfaction levels, effective headcount, % mentoring<!--mstheme=
--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Product/ service development<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"44%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Planning and monitoring, budgeting,innovation matrix, balance=
d
scorecard, mosaic management, prioritisation, successes failures=
/
lessons learnt, trade offs, MBO, succession planning,investment
appraisal, TBC, technology audit, SCORE, quality circles, decisi=
on
making, recruitment appraisal, creativity, product age profile, =
period
of grace, trade offs, halo effect, identification of new product=
/
service concepts, synergy, cannabilisation, protocol, IPLC,
certification, cascade investment, technology transfer, first mo=
ver
advantage, time management,recruitment appraisal, IPR, successfu=
l
development/ commercialisation, team building, training,internal=
service
satisfaction<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"30%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Product age spread, R&amp;D%,ideas, strategic fit, budget rat=
io,
protocol score, total cycle time, project review, team creation,=
testing, % outsourcing, NPDER, budget ratio, license fees, IPR%,=
IPR
infringements, IPR maintenance costs, royalty rate %, time, prod=
uctive
hours %, budget, specification, project success, internal servic=
e
satisfaction levels, effective headcount, % mentoring<!--mstheme=
--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Contingency planning<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"44%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Authority and responsibility, planning and monitoring, budget=
ing,
successes failures/ lessons learnt, creativity, SCORE, investmen=
t
appraisal, assumptions, high risk/high probability, Black Swan t=
heory,
failure points, reducing potential for failure, setting trigger =
points,
action plan, risk profile, stage gate, team building, communicat=
ion,
training, TEWT, simulations, role play, impact analysis<!--msthe=
me--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"30%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Risk score, response times, budget ratio, KFR, % outsourcing,=
% SOP,
% training, % above/below barrier conditions, success rates, % b=
udget<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
</table><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial, Arial, Helvetica">
</center>
</div>
<p><u><b>Establish current performance, benchmark and target levels</b><=
/u></p>
<p>For each monitoring module, one can then establish what the current l=
evel of performance is in a measurable and understandable way. This is t=
he current performance. From industry sources, the benchmark level can n=
ormally be introduced (getting to benchmarks is often a difficult proces=
s and one requiring a mixture of low cunning and/or sophisticated analys=
is). Then a target level of achievement can be entered. Let us take an e=
xample of a financial management module for an established manufacturing=
company and what it will tell us.&nbsp;<br>
<br>
<b><u>Financial knowledge centre monitoring components</u></b></p>
<div align=3D"center">
<center>
<!--mstheme--></font><table BORDER=3D"1" CELLSPACING=3D"1" BORDERCOLOR=
=3D"#000000" WIDTH=3D"642" DIR=3D"LTR" bordercolordark=3D"#906610" borde=
rcolorlight=3D"#906610">
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b><i>
<p ALIGN=3D"CENTER">Factor</i></b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b><i>
<p ALIGN=3D"CENTER">Current</i></b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b><i>
<p ALIGN=3D"CENTER">Benchmark</i></b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b><i>
<p ALIGN=3D"CENTER">Target</i></b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Gross profit %<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">68<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">52<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">72<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>ROCE %<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">13<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">10<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">20<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>FCF<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">12<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">n/a<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">10<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Gearing (DER)<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">15<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">38<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">15<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Debt age (years)<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">8.5<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">6.3<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">10<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Interest cover X<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">8.3<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">3.7<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">10<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>AER %<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">8<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">12<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">6<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>SER %<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">10<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">12<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">6<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Debtor length (days)<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">102<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">95<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">60<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Creditor length (days)<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">60<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">63<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">60<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Stock turn/year<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">5<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">4<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">8<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Current ratio<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">4<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">3<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">4<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Budget ratio<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">95<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">n/a<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">n/a<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Capex ratio<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">8<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">4<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">7<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>WCR<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">1.7<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">3.2<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">1.7<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Z score<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">3<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">7<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">3<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Tax charge %<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">12<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">19<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">10<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Depreciation %<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">15<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">12<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">n/a<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Cost of finance %<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">3<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">8<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">3<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>EFT<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">82<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">n/a<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">88<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Overdue accounts %<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">2<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">n/a<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">1<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>STP%<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">92<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">n/a<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">95<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>FER%<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">3<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">n/a<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">2.6<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Project success ratio<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">90<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">n/a<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">90<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Internal satisfaction level %<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">67<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">n/a<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">90<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"33%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Effective headcount %<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">64<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"24%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">n/a<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"26%" VALIGN=3D"BOTTOM"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Ar=
ial, Arial, Helvetica">
<p ALIGN=3D"RIGHT">75<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
</table><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial, Arial, Helvetica">
</center>
</div>
<p>We can gain an enormous amount of information and control from such a=
chart, but obviously not all components will meet the criteria of being=
a KPI =96 otherwise we are back into the problem of measuring everythin=
g and not concentrating on a limited number of core criteria.<br>
<br>
<b><u>Add KPI project control elements</u></b><br>
<br>
This ratio based analysis is combined with a review of individual projec=
ts =96 normally based around the three key performance criteria, whether=
the project is on time, on budget and on specification. For projects in=
volving significant expenditure the measurement of stage gate components=
will also significantly add to the level of control at a knowledge cent=
er level.<br>
<br>
An example from the same knowledge centre would look like this:</p>
<div align=3D"center">
<center>
<!--mstheme--></font><table BORDER=3D"1" CELLSPACING=3D"1" BORDERCOLOR=
=3D"#000000" WIDTH=3D"642" DIR=3D"LTR" bordercolordark=3D"#906610" borde=
rcolorlight=3D"#906610">
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b>
<p>Project</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b>
<p>Due date</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b>
<p>On time</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b>
<p>On budget</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b>
<p>On spec</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica"><b>
<p>Stage gate</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Debt refinancing<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>August<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Yes<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Yes<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Yes<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>None<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Tax review<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>September<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Yes<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Yes<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Yes<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>None<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Sales insurance<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>August<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Yes<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Yes<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>Yes<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td WIDTH=3D"17%" VALIGN=3D"TOP"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial=
, Arial, Helvetica">
<p>None<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
</table><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial, Arial, Helvetica">
</center>
</div>
<p>
<b><u>How do I use such a format to develop and understanding of what is=
a KPI?</u></b><br>
<br>
As different individuals and organisations will put a different emphasis=
on each item of information a definitive list of what is and what is no=
t a KPI will depend on individual decisions, and will vary considerably =
according to the stage of company development. Start up enterprises need=
to place their emphasis on structural factors; established companies on=
operational performance.&nbsp;<br>
<br>
However, one can set some guidelines. The most rapid way to establish th=
e KPI within any set of monitoring information is to work through the th=
ree criteria in sequence.<br>
<br>
Is the control information key to the success of the organisation?<br>
Can we measure it and influence it?<br>
Does it provide leading edge indications of future developments?<br>
<br>
Which measures in the above chart are key?<br>
<br>
<b>Gross profit</b> is one key measure to the success of the organisatio=
n. Research shows that survival rates are linked to levels of gross prof=
it; gross profit margins above that of the competition provide clear evi=
dence of competitive advantage.<br>
<br>
<b>Return on capital</b> employed is another key measure of the success =
of the organisation. The ability to use investment effectively is centra=
l to effective long term development.<br>
<br>
<b>Z score</b> is a measure of the liquidity of the enterprise and clear=
ly defines positive or negative trends.<br>
<br>
It would be the Ibis argument that the other components of the chart are=
not key =96 they are valuable items of information but are not make or =
break aspects of company management (unless they are grotesquely differe=
nt from benchmark values).<br>
<br>
Are these performance measures =96 can we quantify them and influence th=
em?<br>
<br>
Yes<br>
<br>
Do these provide leading edge indications of future performance?<br>
<br>
Yes<br>
<br>
The conclusion from this analysis is that in financial reporting the com=
pany should concentrate on gross profit, return on capital employed and =
Z scores as their key performance indicators. Both gross profit and retu=
rn on capital employed are part of the =93model=94 balanced scorecard fo=
r overall objectives that Ibis propose for the majority of enterprises a=
s part of their planning platform.<br>
<br>
Other components within the financial reporting module that might be con=
sidered as KPI's are factors such as the levels of gearing (debt/ equity=
ratio =96 DER), project success rates, bad debt rates, and free cash fl=
ow (FCF). Including time, budget and specification to project reporting=
would also be a natural addition.</p>
<p>
<b><u>The balanced scorecard and KPI's</u></b><br>
<br>
In addition to the creation of the enterprise balanced scorecard, in whi=
ch gross profit, return on capital and Z scores are standard elements, t=
he identification of KPI's in each of the operational areas or knowledge=
centres also assists the enterprise in plan development. These KPI's wi=
ll change over time, but their creation as part of the initial creation =
of each knowledge centre will focus and direct their operational activit=
ies.<br>
<br>
<b><u>KPI's and the management information system</u></b><br>
<br>
In a decentralised planning system focused around knowledge centers the =
choice of key performance indicators is the first stage in the re-evalua=
tion of the information system to make it more valuable and relevant to =
the operating unit rather than one that is centrally provided. Thus the =
KPI determines what will drive that part of the enterprise and what info=
rmation must be collected to analyse and manage it. Such information gat=
hering or software choices create information networks that are relevant=
and provide data which is used specifically for operational purposes, r=
educing information overload and information for information sake.<br>
<br>
Where else are KPI's valuable?<br>
<br>
The KPI is central to a number of other elements in the planning platfor=
m which provides the basis for answering the three crucial planning ques=
tions:<br>
<br>
Where are we?<br>
Where do we want to be (and when)?<br>
How are we going to get there cost effectively?<br>
<br>
In addition to the creation of knowledge centres and business monitoring=
, KPI's have a vital role to play in:<br>
<br>
<a href=3D"action-planning-and-implementation.htm">Action planning and i=
mplementation
</a> with an emphasis on management by objectives which will include a s=
tandardised rate of return and detailed project control;<br>
<br>
Training as part of a company wide approach to focusing staff and manage=
ment on essential operational requirements;<br>
<br>
Central to business planning as a core part of the <a href=3D"business-p=
lan-outline.htm"> business plan
outline</a>;<br>
<br>
Identification of necessary actions in <a href=3D"change-management.htm"=
> change management,</a>
<a href=3D"exit-planning.htm"> exit planning</a> and <a href=3D"surviva=
l-and-recovery.htm"> survival and recovery
planning</a>;<br>
<br>
They set priorities for investment appraisal, and the choice of emphasis=
that should be given to the main strategies within the golden circle, c=
onsolidation (including
<a href=3D"cost-cutting.htm"> cost cutting</a>), market penetration, ,ma=
rket development and product development.<br>
<br>
<a href=3D"training.htm">Training</a> on key performance indicators, the=
creation of a business plan and standard operating procedures is availa=
ble from Ibis.</p>
<p>
<b>More information on the way in which Ibis can contribute to your busi=
ness plan development is provided at
<a href=3D"ibis-services.htm"> Advantage Ibis&nbsp;</a></b></p>
<p>
<a href=3D"mailto:Info@ibisassoc.co.uk">E-mail Ibis now.</a></p>
<p>
<b>More information on the Ibis approach is also available on the <a hre=
f=3D"frequently-asked-questions.htm">FAQ
page..</a></b></p>
<b>
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<!--mstheme--></font><table border=3D"2" cellpadding=3D"2" width=3D"70=
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<tr>
<td width=3D"100%"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial, Arial, Helve=
tica">
<p align=3D"center"><b>Business Plan SOP</b><!--mstheme--></font=
></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"100%"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial, Arial, Helve=
tica">A comprehensive, easy to use 188 page manual containing scores of =
worksheets and notes. The contents follow the
<a href=3D"business-plan-outline.htm"> business plan outline</a>, and ha=
ve been rigorously tested during years of
<a href=3D"training.htm"> training</a> throughout the world. The Ibis bu=
siness plan manual is delivered in Word format, so that users can comple=
te the worksheets and transfer them into the body of their own business =
plan.<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=3D"100%"><!--mstheme--><font face=3D"Arial, Arial, Helve=
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