BACKGROUND IN

THE STUDY OF
SOCIOLOGY and
ANTHROPOLOGY

Presented by:
CECILLE M. JALBUENA
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SOCIOLOGY

Derived from two terms:

* LOGUS – science or study
* SOCIUS – group or patterns

“Sociology is the scientific study of

human society and social interactions.”

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Hence, sociology deals with the study of
groups. From this, patterns of behavior
evolve. Relationships are developed and
group life is achieved.

It is clear that the primary focus of

sociology is not on individuals and
individual behavior but on social behavior.

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 WHY DO WE STUDY
SOCIOLOGY?
1. To understand – sociology is the “study of
society”
2. Encourages critical thinking – Famous
Peter Berger quote: “It can be said that
the first wisdom of sociology is this –
things are not what they seem”
3. Knowledge of social forces gives us
power over those forces
4. Ultimately, make the world a better
place?
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 Sociology and Science
The Scientific Method
• Science is “...a body of
systematically arranged Analyze Data
knowledge that shows
the operation of general Gather Data
laws.”
• As a science, sociology Choose research design
employs the scientific
method.
Formulate hypotheses

Review of literature

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• Being a science, sociology uses
methods and techniques of inquiry and
investigations which are scientific.
• Scientists study certain people or events
to find patterns. Natural scientists study
the natural world.
• In the study of sociology, one looks at
the ways in which groups are formed,
and the results of group conduct.

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AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY (Hauser)

1. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
- covers the study of various social
institutions, social groups, social
stratification, social mobility,
bureaucracy, ethnic groups and other
similar activities.

- Topics like the family, education,

politics, religion, economy, etc. are
studied in this area.

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AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY (Hauser)
2. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
- deals with the study of human nature as an
outcome of group life, social attitudes,
collective behavior, and personality
formation.

- deals with group life and the individual’s

traits, attitudes, beliefs, etc. as influenced by
group life.

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AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY (Hauser)
3. SOCIAL CHANGE AND SOCIAL
DISORGANIZATION
- deals with the study of change in culture and
social relations and the disruption that may
occur in society.

- deals with the study of such current social

problems in society as juvenile delinquency,
criminality, drug addiction, family conflicts,
divorce, population problems and other similar
subjects.

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AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY (Hauser)
4. HUMAN ECOLOGY
- studies the nature and behavior of a given
population and its relationships to the group’s
present social institutions.
- for instance, studies of this kind have shown
the prevalence of mental illness, criminality,
delinquencies, prostitution, and drug addiction
in urban centers and other highly developed
places.

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AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY (Hauser)

5. POPULATION OR DEMOGRAPHY
- concerned with the study of population
number, composition, change, and quality as
they influence the economic, political and
social system.

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AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY (Hauser)

6. SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
AND METHOD
- concerned with the applicability and
usefulness of the principles and theories of
group life as bases for the regulation of
man’s social environment. This includes
theory building and testing as bases for the
prediction and control of man’s social
environment.

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AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY (Hauser)

7. APPLIED SOCIOLOGY
- utilizes the findings of pure sociological
research in various fields such as
criminology, social work, community
development, education, industrial
relations, marriage, ethnic relations, family
counseling, and other aspects and
problems of daily life.

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 ANTHROPOLOGY
Taken from two Greek words:
* LOGOS / LOGIA –
study or to study
* ANTHROPOS –
which means “man”

“Anthropology defines itself as a

discipline of infinite curiosity about
human beings.”

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Anthropologists seek answers to an enormous
variety of questions about humans.

They are interested in discovering when, where,

and why humans appeared on earth, how and
why they have changed since then, and how
and why modern populations vary in certain
physical features.

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MAN, THE MAIN CONCERN
IN ANTHROPOLOGY

•Man is the main focus and unit of investigation

and analysis in this field.
• Man is studied and analyzed regardless of the
color of his skin, the nature of his commitment
to ideology, or the level of his technological
advancement.

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MAN, THE MAIN CONCERN
IN ANTHROPOLOGY

• Man’s different religious affiliations: Christians,

Buddhists, Mohammedans, Hindu, Taoist, etc.
• Man’s works or achievements

• Man’s body and behavior are also

anthropologists’ interesting subject of inquiry.

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MAN, THE MAIN CONCERN
IN ANTHROPOLOGY

• Man’s biological foundations, physical

similarities and differences, evolution,
differentiation and classifications are also
scrutinized.

• Any various fields that can be a subject of

study of man.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

• Both are social sciences.

• Both sciences attempt to understand the way
of life of various cultures or societies.
• The 2 sciences borrow heavily from each
other. Ex: the concept of culture of Edward
Taylor is now widely used in the field of
sociology.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

• Sociology is more on society and social processes while

anthropology is on culture.
• It is a fact that society and culture are interrelated and
interdependent concepts.

• In terms of their origins, the 2 sciences differ.

Anthropology started with the study of primitive (non-
literate groups) considered exotic and queer by the
Westerners. Sociology started as the study of Western
civilization and later of advanced and contemporary
societies.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

• Both sciences are interested in the study of

social issues.
• In terms of methods, they differ. Sociology
allows sampling of the subject of the study while
anthropology uses the wholistic approach.
Participant observation is common.

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RELEVANCE OF SOCIOLOGY
AND ANTHROPOLOGY

• The 2 sciences introduce us to various

concepts and principles vital in our
understanding of culture and society.
• Through the study of these two disciplines, we
are able to see ourselves as parts of a larger
social pattern. This expands our view of the
world, thereby appreciating society and culture
better.

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RELEVANCE OF SOCIOLOGY
AND ANTHROPOLOGY

• It will make us understand better why people

of different groups and culture behave the way
they do. Through this understanding, we may
be able to adjust ourselves to their peculiar
ways and patterns.

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RELEVANCE OF SOCIOLOGY
AND ANTHROPOLOGY
• It will give us the insight that our group is different from
others. Through this, we may be led to respect the
identity and unique nature of other groups and
members of such groups.

• It will be helpful in promoting inter-ethnic and cultural

understanding. It can promote national unity and
progress, and international understanding through
promotion and cross-cultural knowledge.

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