Published in Unesco Alsed-LSP Newsletter Vol. 8 No.

2 (21) November 1985 - ISSN 0106-0341

© LSP Centre, CBS, Denmark

Episode Three 1967 J o h n J. H i g g i n s , " H a r d F a c t s ( N o t e s o n

Teaching English t o Science Students ) "
Episode Four 1971 J o h n S w a l e s , W r i t i n g S c i e n t i f i c Enq--
lish
Episode Five 1971-2 J. R . Ewer a n d E. H u g h e s - D a v i e s , "Fur-
t h e r Notes o n D e v e l o p i n g a n E n g l i s h
P r o g r a m m e f o r S t u d e n t s of S c i e n c e a n d
Technology"
Episode S i x 1972 J o h n E. L a c k s t r o m , L a r r y S e l i n k e r a n d
L o u i s P . T r i m b l e , "Grammar a n d T e c h n i -
c a l English"
E p i s o d e Seven 1974 J. P. B . A l l e n a n d H. G. W i d d o w s o n ,
"Teaching t h e Communicative U s e of
English"
Episode Eight 1976 M a r t i n B a t e s a n d Tony D u d l e y - E v a n s ,
Nucleus General Science
E p i s o d e Nine 1978 M. K. P h i l l i p s a n d C. C. S h e t t l e s -
w o r t h , "How to Arm Your S t u d e n t s : A
Consideration of Two A p p r o a c h e s t o
P r o v i d i n g M a t e r i a l s f o r ESP"
E p i s o d e Ten 1978 Karl D r o b n i c , James H e r b o l i c h , P a u l
Fanning and P h i 1 Skeldon, "Teaching
and L e a r n i n g Materials"
Episode Eleven 1 97 9 James B . H e r b o l i c h , "Box K i t e s "
E p i s o d e Twelve 1980 T. F . J o h n s a n d A. D u d l e y - E v a n s , "An
Experiment i n Team-teaching o f Over-
s e a s P o s t g r a d u a t e S t u d e n t s of T r a n s -
p o r t a t i o n and P l a n t Biology"
Episode Thirteen 1980 J o h n Moore e t a l . R e a d i n g a n d T h i n k i n g
i n English - Discourse i n Action
Episode Four teen 1 980 Tom H u t c h i n s o n a n d A l a n W a t e r s , "ESP
a t the Crossroads"
Episode Fifteen 1 981 E l a i n e Tarone, S h a r o n Dwyer, Susan
G i l l e t t e a n d V i n c e n t I c k e , "On t h e Use
o f t h e P a s s i v e i n Two A s t r o p h y s i c s
Journal Papers"
Retrospect Swales
Prospect Swales
Index JENNIFER DRASKAU

HERIBERT PICHT AND JENNIFER DRASKAU: TERMINOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION

T h i s i n t r o d u c t o r y c o u r s e i n t e r m i n o l o g y h a s f i n a l l y come o u t .
There h a s been a d e f i n i t e gap i n the English terminology l i t e r a -
t u r e f o r a h a n d b o o k / c o u r s e b o o k w h i c h t h e p r e s e n t work w i l l v e r y
a p t l y f i l l . I t owes i t s o r i g i n t o a n u m b e r o f r e s i d e n t i a l c o u r s e s
h e l d o v e r t h e y e a r s i n Denmark, V e n e z u e l a a n d E n g l a n d f o r v a r i o u s
i n t e r n a t i o n a l t a r g e t g r o u p s . The c o u r s e h a s been p u b l i s h e d i n
r e v i s e d w r i t t e n form by The U n i v e r s i t y o f S u r r e y , w h e r e a s e m i n a r
w a s h e l d by t h e two a u t h o r s i n t h e s p r i n g o f 1 9 8 5 . T h e s u g g e s t e d
t a r g e t g r o u p s a r e s t u d e n t s aiming a t a p p l i e d language d e g r e e s and
diplomas i n translation.

To g i v e you a n i d e a o f t h e s c o p e o f t h i s 265-page book i n A4-for-

mat I s h a l l d e s c r i b e a n d d i s c u s s t h e c o n t e n t s o f t h e m a i n c h a p -
ters i n o r d e r o f appearance.
I LANGUAGE FOR GENERAL PURPOSES (LGP) - LANGUAGE FOR SPECIAL PUR-
POSES ( L S P )
T h i s i n t r o d u c t o r y c h a p t e r d r a w s t h e l i n e b e t w e e n LGP a n d LSP f r o m
a f u n c t i o n a l and communicative - a n g l e . I t l o o k s a t t h e s p e c i a l
c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f S L s by means o f t h e t r a d i t i o n a l l i n g u i s t i c
l e v e l s and then d e s c r i b e s q u a l i t i e s of t h i s k i n d from a f u n c t i o -
n a l p o i n t o f v i e w , i . e . a n s w e r s t h e q u e s t i o n w h a t SLs a r e n e e d e d
a n d u s e d f o r . The a u t h o r s a l s o t a k e up a few s p e c i a l p o i n t s s u c h
a s s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n and l a n g u a g e p l a n n i n g and a r g u e p e r s u a s i v e l y
f o r t h e i r j u s t i f i c a t i o n i n a n LSP c o n t e x t . The d i d a c t i c d i f f e r e n -
c e s b e t w e e n LSP a n d LGP t e a c h i n g a r e a l s o c l e a r l y i l l u s t r a t e d .
The f i n a l a i m o f t h i s c h a p t e r i s t o a n c h o r t e r m i n o l o g y f i r m l y i n
t h e f r a m e w o r k of LSP a n d show i t s i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y n a t u r e .

I1 DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART OF TERMINOLOGY I N

RESPECT OF THEORY, RESEARCH A N D PRACTICAL WORK g o e s s m o o t h l y on
t o t h e h i s t o r i c a l background o f t e r m i n o l o g y , i t s n o n - l i n g u i s t i c
o r i g i n s a n d i t s p r a g m a t i c a i m s . The n o - n o n s e n s e m o t i v a t i o n of
t e r m i n o l o g i c a l work i s c l e a r l y m a n i f e s t e d a s w e l l a s t h e f a c t
t h a t terminologies a r e indispensable tools f o r a special subject
area.
The a u t h o r s s t r e s s W i i s t e r ' s s u p r e m e i m p o r t a n c e f o r t h e p r e s e n t
s t a g e o f t e r m i n o l o g y a n d g i v e a d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e main compo-
n e n t s o f t h e g e n e r a l t h e o r y of t e r m i n o l o g y ( s e m a n t i c s , l e x i c o l o -
gy, lexicography, l o g i c , information & documentation, s t a n d a r d i -
z a t i o n a n d t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n of new d i s c i p l i n e s a n d t h e i r a p p l i c a -
t i o n s ) . The main s c h o o l s o f t e r m i n o l o g i c a l t h o u g h t a r e commented
on ( t o o ) b r i e f l y , t h e a u t h o r s t a k i n g t h e s t a n d t h a t w h a t i s com-
monly a g r e e d upon i s f a r more i m p o r t a n t t o p r a c t i c a l work t h a n
w h a t i s d i s a g r e e d a b o u t . An e v a l u a t i o n i s g i v e n o f t h e i m p a c t o f
t e r m i n o l o g i c a l t h i n k i n g a n d t h e new t e c h n o l o g y on t h e q u a l i t y o f
l e x i c o g r a p h i c a l work. The c h a p t e r r o u n d s o f f by p r e s e n t i n g a n
e x h a u s t i v e l i s t of a s s i g n m e n t s f o r b o t h t h e o r e t i c a l and p r a c t i c a l
t e r m i n o l o g y work.

I11 THE CONCEPT I N THE THEORY OF TERMINOLOGY

In t h i s c h a p t e r we e n t e r t h e f u n d a m e n t a l c o n c e p t u a l n e t w o r k o f
t h e t h e o r y o f t e r m i n o l o g y . The q u e s t i o n " w h a t i s t h e c o n c e p t " i s
t r e a t e d thoroughly. I n d i v i d u a l concepts a r e d i s t i n g u i s h e d from
g e n e r a l c o n c e p t s . I n t e n s i o n and e x t e n s i o n a r e d i s c u s s e d by means
o f i l l u s t r a t i v e e x a m p l e s a s . w e l l a s t h e e m e r g e n c e o f new c o n c e p t s
t h r o u g h t h e c o m b i n a t i o n of e x i s t i n g c o n c e p t s . A b a l a n c e d o v e r v i e w
is g i v e n of p o s s i b l e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s of c o n c e p t u a l c h a r a c t e r i -
s t i c s and t h i s i s f o l l o w e d up w i t h a n e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e p r a g m a t i c
i m p o r t a n c e of t h e c h o i c e o f c o n c e p t u a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s .
D e f i n i t i o n s a r e f i r s t d i s c u s s e d f r o m a t h e o r e t i c a l a n g l e . The
v a r i o u s t y p e s a r e e x e m p l i f i e d a n d t h e i r i n h e r e n t a s s e t s a n d draw-
b a c k s a s s e s s e d . Good e x a m p l e s g i v e a c l e a r i d e a of f a u l t y d e f i n i -
t i o n s and a l s o o f t h e d i f f i c u l t y of w r i t i n g a p p r o p r i a t e o n e s . I t
i s made c l e a r t h a t c o n c e p t s a n d d e f i n i t i o n s a r e n o t s t a t i c p h e n o -
mena b u t o p e n t o u p d a t i n g a n d r e v i s i o n . I t a l s o becomes a p p a r e n t
t h a t d e f i n i t i o n s s h o u l d n o t be s t u d i e d i n i s o l a t i o n b u t a s p a r t s
of a system of d e f i n i t i o n s w i t h i n a conceptual network.

I V TYPES OF RELATIONS BETWEEN CONCEPTS, SYSTEMS OF CONCEPTS AND

THEIR REPRESENTATION
The c e n t r a l n o t i o n o f t e r m i n o l o g y , t h e s y s t e m o f c o n c e p t s , i s
e l a b o r a t e d on i n t h i s c h a p t e r . The c o n s t r u c t i o n oE a c o n c e p t s y -
s t e m i s t r e a t e d from t h e a n g l e o f c l a s s i f y i n g c r i t e r i a and t h e i r
r e l a t i o n s . The t y p e s o f r e l a t i o n s ( l o g i c a l , o n t o l o g i c a l a n d
o t h e r s ) a r e d i s c u s s e d i n d e t a i l a n d t h e i r u s e i n b o t h mono- a n d
p o l y h i e r a r c h i c a n d mixed s y s t e m s i s w e l l i l l u s t r a t e d w i t h exam-
p l e s f r o m s e v e r a l l a n g u a g e s . We a l s o o b t a i n a good i d e a of how
v a r i o u s forms of g r a p h i c r e p r e s e n t a t i o n can be used t o s u p p o r t a
verbal description. The c o n c l u s i v e r e m a r k s s u m m a r i z e t h e main
p o i n t s of the c h a p t e r and s t r e s s the c o n c r e t e b e n e f i t s of t h e
f o r m u l a t i o n of c o n c e p t systems.

V THE TERM
H e r e we move t o t h e s u r f a c e l e v e l o f t e r m i n o l o g y , t h e a c t u a l l i n -
g u i s t i c r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s o f c o n c e p t s . The r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n
c o n c e p t a n d t e r m i s e x p a n d e d on f r o m d i f f e r e n t t h e o r e t i c a l a n g -
l e s . Terms a r e s t u d i e d i n t h e n e t w o r k o f c o n v e n t i o n a l i z e d s i g n s
and as elements i n a system of terms - t h e terminology of a p a r -
t i c u l a r s u b j e c t f i e l d . Monosemy, p o l y s e m y , synonymy, e q u i v a l e n c e
a n d homonymy a r e d i s c u s s e d a s t y p e s o f t e r m - c o n c e p t r e l a t i o n s a n d
terminologization, compounding, derivation, conversion, loan
w o r d s a n d a b b r e v i a t i o n s a s means o f t e r m - f o r m a t i o n .

T h e s e t e c h n i c a l a s p e c t s a r e f o l l o w e d by recommenda t i o n s o f w h a t
s h o u l d b e k e p t i n mind when new terms a r e f o r m e d . The recommenda-
t i o n s a r e b a s e d on p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e a n d i n c l u d e s u c h r u l e s o f
thumb a s t h a t t h e terms m u s t b e w e l l - m o t i v a t e d , systematic,
g r a m m a t i c a l l y c o r r e c t , p o t e n t i a l l y p r o d u c t i v e , s h o r t , and n o t
h a v e c o n f u s i n g synonyms - a l l t h i s w i t h o u t f o r g e t t i n g t h e s o c i o -
l i n g u i s t i c s i d e of the m a t t e r ( u s e r a t t i t u d e s and i n t e r n a t i o n a l
a s p e c t s ).

V 1 TERMINOGRAPHY
The LSP v a r i a n t 9 f l e x i c o g r a p h y i s d i s c u s s e d f r o m a c o n t r a s t i v e
a n g l e . The m e r i t s o f a s y s t e m a t i c o r d e r i n g o v e r a n a l p h a b e t i c
o r d e r i n g o f LSP a r e b r o u g h t f o r w a r d . The d a n g e r s o f b a d l y p l a n n e d
mu1 t i - l i n g u a l d i c t i o n a r i e s a r e i l l u s t r a t e d a n d p r o p e r w o r k i n g
m e t h o d s i n t r o d u c e d . The p r o b l e m s o f c o n c e p t u a l n o n - e q u i v a l e n c e o r
p a r t i a l e q u i v a l e n c e between l a n g u a g e s a c e d e s c r i b e d a s w e l l a s
t h e e x i s t e n c e of " f a l s e f r i e n d s " i n m u l t i l i n g u a l terminologies.
V i s i o n s of terminographical p r o d u c t s i n the n e a r f u t u r e a r e o u t -
l i n e d a t t h e end of t h e c h a p t e r .

V 1 1 TERMINOLOGICAL DATA BANKS i s t h e beginning of the p r a c t i c a l

" h a n d s o n " p a r t o f t h e book - p a r t i c u l a r l y w e l l - s u i t e d f o r t h o s e
who a r e e n g a g e d i n a c t u a l t e r m i n o l o g y work. Here a s h o r t h i s t o r y
i s g i v e n o f t h e o r i g i n o f d a t a b a n k s . The main p r o b l e m s o f d a t a
banks a r e i l l u s t r a t e d - t h e i r s i z e , networking c a p a b i l i t y , mutual
c o m p a t i b i l i t y , q u a l i t y i s s u e s e t c . DANTERM - t h e D a n i s h t e r m b a n k -
- is discussed a s a case study.
V 1 1 1 MODELS AND METHODS OF PRACTICAL TERMINOLOGY WORK
The p r a c t i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n c o n t i n u e s . I t i s g i v e n s y s t e m a t i c a l l y
and concerns here t e r m i n o l o g i s t s with d i f f e r e n t p r o f e s s i o n a l
backgrounds, working methods and t e c h n i q u e s , economic a s p e c t s and
m o d e l s f o r CO-ope,ra t i o n .

I X STANDARDIZATION A N D TERMINOLOGY
H e r e t h e a i m i s t o c l e a r up some g e n e r a l m i s c o n c e p t i o n s a b o u t
s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n a n d t h e n d e s c r i b e how i t i s d o n e , f o r w h a t p u r p o -
se a n d w h e r e , a n d w h a t t h e l e g a l s t a t u s of s t a n d a r d s i s . The t y -
p e s oE s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n a r e l i s t e d a n d , i n p a r t i c u l a r , s t a n d a r d s
r e l a t i n g t o p r i n c i p l e s a n d m e t h o d s a r e d i s c u s s e d i n d e t a i l . The
o r g a n i z a t i o n of I S 0 ( I n t e r n a t i o n a l O r g a n i z a t i o n f o r S t a n d a r d i z a -
t i o n ) i s e x p l a i n e d f r o m t h e p o i n t o f view o f i t s w o r k i n g m e t h o d s .
X TERMINOLOGY AND INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTATION ( I & D )
T h i s c h a p t e r l o o k s a t t h e i n t e r f a c e s between t e r m i n o l o g y and I & D ,
a t t e r m i n o l o g y a s t h e t o o l of communication i n I & D and a t I & D a s
the t o o l of terminology.

Again t h e a p p r o a c h is v e r y p r a g m a t i c . T e r m i n o l o g i c a l documents
a r e d e s c r i b e d a n d t h e t y p e s of d o c u m e n t a t i o n e l a b o r a t e d on. The
d i f f e r e n t p h a s e s o f t h e work a r e e x e m p l i f i e d a n d t h e i n s t i t u t i o -
n a l framework f o r t e r m i n o l o g y d o c u m e n t a t i o n i s e x p l a i n e d . A u t h e n -
t i c documents supply f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n .

X I ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK AND CO-OPERATION I N THE FIELD OF TER-

MINOLOGY
The n e c e s s i t y f o r i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o - o p e r a t i o n comes o u t c l e a r l y i n
t h i s c h a p t e r t h a t s e t s o u t t o i l l u s t r a t e t h e v a r i o u s f o r m s of c o -
o p e r a t i o n t h a t e x i s t a t t h e moment. E v a l u a t i v e a n d somewhat s u b -
j e c t i v e comments a r e i n c l u d e d a b o u t t h e e f f i c i e n c y a n d f u t u r e
p r o s p e c t s of o r g a n i z a t i o n s involved i n v a r i o u s t e r m i n o l o g i c a l
a c t i v i t i e s . I n f o r m a t i o n o f t h i s k i n d c a n n a t u r a l l y s o o n became
ou t d a t e d .

The N o r d i c c o u n t r i e s a r e r e p r e s e n t e d a s a c a s e - s t u d y m o d e l o f
f u n c t i o n i n g c o - o p e r a t i o n a n d o f s y s t e m a t i c t e r m i n o l o g y work i n
different institutions.

X I 1 THE TRAINING OF TERMINOLOGISTS

T h i s f i n a l c h a p t e r i n c l u d e s s u g g e s t i o n s f o r t a r g e t g r o u p s o f ter-
minology t r a i n i n g and t h e p o s s i b l e c o n t e n t s o f t r a i n i n g . c o u r s e s
a n d t h e i r i n t e g r a t i o n i n s t u d y programmes.

I t s h o u l d become c l e a r f r o m t h e a b o v e t h a t TERMINOLOGY: AN INTRO-

DUCTION p r o v i d e s a w e a l t h of i n f o r m a t i o n f o r a n y b o d y who w a n t s t o
know a b o u t t h e w o r k i n g s of t e r m i n o l o g y . I t c a n b e u s e d b o t h a s a
t e x t b o o k a n d a h a n d b o o k . The c e n t r a l i s s u e s o f t e r m i n o l o g i c a l
t h e o r y a r e t h o r o u g h l y t r e a t e d and w e l l e x e m p l i f i e d . A r e a s t h a t
h a v e b e e n c o n s i d e r e d more p e r i p h e r a l f r o m t h e p r a g m a t i c a n g l e
o c c a s i o n a l l y g e t a f a i r l y c u r s o r y treatment which l e a v e s the r e a -
d e r w i t h t h e f e e l i n g of n o t g e t t i n g a n a n s w e r t o a l l t h e q u e s -
t i o n s p r o v o k e d by t h e t e x t .

The l e c t u r e c o u r s e o r i g i n o f t h e book i s a g r e a t a s s e t a n d makes

t h e book w e l l - p l a n n e d , s y s t e m a t i c a n d p l e a s a n t to r e a d . F u r t h e r
e d i t i n g c o u l d have g i v e n a more p o l i s h e d a n d s t r e a m l i n e d f i n i s h ,
b o t h a s r e g a r d s t h e t e x t a n d t h e l a y - o u t o f t h e e x a m p l e s . The
r e a d e r c o u l d a l s o b e n e f i t more f r o m t h e handbook c h a r a c t e r i f t h e
work had b e e n s u p p l i e d w i t h a s u b j e c t i n d e x , f u l l c r o s s - r e f e r e n -
c e s a n d some " s u g g e s t i o n s f o r f u r t h e r r e a d i n g " . The l e v e l ( f r o m
t h e t e x t b o o k a n g l e ) i s p i t c h e d s o t h a t some k n o w l e d g e o f b a s i c
l i n g u i s t i c c o n c e p t s i s r e q u i r e d b u t , on t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e o v e r -
a l l p r a g m a t i c t o u c h e n s u r e s t h a t t h e work i s c o m p r e h e n s i b l e f o r a
terminologically orientated non-linguist a s well.

TERMINOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION i s a n i m p o r t a n t c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e
f i e l d and i t s h o u l d b e of v a l u e t o anyone c o n c e r n e d w i t h termino-
l o g i c a l a c t i v i t i e s whether of t h e o r e t i c a l o r p r a c t i c a l n a t u r e .

The book i s o b t a i n a b l e .from t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f S u r r e y , D e p a r t m e n t

o f L i n g u i s t i c and I n t e r n a t i o n a l S t u d i e s , GUILDFORD, SURREY, GU2
 5XH, ENGLAND a t t h e c o s t o f P o u n d s 1 5 p e r c o p y + p o s t a g e ( b u l k
o r d e r s o f o v e r 6 c o p i e s a t P o u n d s l 2 e a c h ) . I S B N 0 9510943 1 9

KRISTA VARANTOLA

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED:

ARBEJDSPAPIRER 4 u d s e n d t a £ I n s t i t u t f o r L i n g v i s t i k , Kmbenhavns
U n i v e r s i t e t . D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 4 , ISSN 0109-2537. R e d a k t i o n : J e n s Elme-
g & r d Rasmussen ( a r t i c l e s i n E n g l i s h and Danish on linguistic
topics).

FINLANCE, T h e F i n n i s h J o u r n a l o f L a n g u a g e L e a r n i n g a n d L a n g u a g e
Teaching, vol. 111. 1 9 8 4 . E d i t e d b y L i i s a K o r p i m i e s , L a n g u a g e
C e n t r e f o r F i n n i s h U n i v e r s i t i e s , U n i v e r s i t y of JyvEsklB', F i n l a n d
( T h e m e o f v o l . 111: L a n g u a g e T e s t i n g ) .

GERMANISTISCHE LINGUISTIK 3-6/84. Olms V e r l a g h e r a u s g . H e r b e r t

q r a p.h i e V: H a n s
E r n s t W i e q a n d . S t u d i e n z u r N e u h o c h d e u t s c h e n L e x i k o-
P e d e r ~ r o i a n n / ~ h e iR s i i b e r / P o u l Rosbach. U b e r l e g e g u n g zu Grund-
fragen d e r zweisprachigen Lexikographie.

WALTHER VON HAHN - FACHKOMMUNIKATION, 1 9 8 3 , v o n Walter d e G r u y -

ter. Entwicklung/Linguistische K o n z e p t e - B e t r i e b l i c h e B e i s p i e l e .

TOOLS FOR THE TRADE, T r a n s l a t o r s a n d t h e C o m p u t e r E d i t e d by Ve-

r o n i c a L a w s o n . ISBN 0 / 8 5 l 4 Z - l 8 0 - 6 , 1985.

COMPUTERS, LANGUAGE LEARNING A N D LANGUAGE TEACHING K h u r s h i d

Ahmad, G r e v i l l e C o r b e t t , Marqare t R o q e r s a n d R o l a n d S u s s e x . N e w
D i r e c t i o n s i n L a n g u a g e ~ e a c h i n ~ c, a m b r i d g e U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s :
EdL t o r s : Howard B. A l t r n a n a n d P e t e r S t r e v e n s .

- --
WT~~SI:NSCIIAF'TLlCIIL
.- -. - -.
-.- - - ---
------.--
.MARX-!iTAi)T-14/1984.
SCHRIFTRElHE
--- --p -- ---- -
D E R--.TECHN[SCIIFN IIOCIISCHIJLE KARI-
Ke thoden d c r F a c h s p r a c h l i c h e n Frerndspr2chen
a u s b i l d u n g . T e l l T E Ger.hard F j s c h e r .

SPRAK OG SPRAKUNDERVISNING-LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE TEACHING. LANDS-

LAGET M.ODERNE SPRAK. M o d e r n L a n g u a g e A s s o c i a t i o n o f Norway. N r .
2 / 3 1 985. TSSN 0 0 3 8 - 8 5 2 1 . Temanurnmer: O v e r s e t t e l s e , Theme n u m b e r :
T r a n s l a t i o n ( a r t i c l e s i n E n g l i s h , N o r w e g i a n , German ) .

-
GERMANISTISCHE ARBEITSHEFTE: FACHSPRACHEN- E i n e E i n f i i h r u n g . D i e -
t e r MBhn/ R o l a n d P e l k a . N i e m e y e r , T i i b i n g e n 1 9 8 4 . ISBN 3-484-
25130-1.

ELC OCCASIONAL PAPERS Number 2 . P r e p a r e d by J a n e t M c A l p i n a n d

J u d i t h W i l s o n Ed. P i e r s H o r e y . E n g l i s h L a n g u a g e C e n t r e , K i n g Ab-
dulazaz University, College o f Engineering, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
1 984.

ENGLISH TODAY. Ed. Tom M c A r t h u r , C o n s u l t i n g E d i t o r , D a v i d C r y s t a l

ET 3 J u l y - S e p t e m b e r 1985. I n c l u d e s a r t i c l e s on t h e language of
h i g h t e c h n o l o g y , g r a m m a r i n s c h o o l s ( D a v i d C r y s t a l ) a n d a n ABC o f
World E n g l i s h .