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MOCKBa conoa-neecc 2003

Y)lK 621.38 oEK 32.844-02 PI7

B. ,ll. Paseaar, 10. B. Iloranoa, A. A. KYPYIllilH

P17 Ilpoexrapoaanne CBLl YCTpOMCTB c rrovoun.io Microwave Office. Ilon pen.

B. Ll,. Pasennra. ~ M.: COJIOH-npecc, 2003. - 496 c.: lUI. - (CepMSI <~CHcTeMbl npoexrnponanas»).

ISBN 5-98003-089-1

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DOJIYLJ:aTb HH(!}OPMalU11O 0 HOBhtX KHHrax uaurero H3)l,i:lTe,,'lbCTBa Bu CMO)KeTe, nO,QIH-ICaBunics H3 paCCh[JIKY HOBocTei:1 no _::}JIeKTPOHHOM ncure. ,.I:LJH! aroro rtounrare DHCbMQ no anpecy: news@solon·r.ru. B rene n HC bM<:l lIO.r[MHO 6blTb HE n He a HO C.!10BO S UBSCRlBE.

ISBN 5m98003-089~ 1

© Mateer 11 06JIO)!(Ka «COJ10H-npecc»-1 2003 © B. n. Pasesnr, 2003

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5

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7

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F./ZCl6a 1. f[umep¢eiic npoepasoiu Microwave Office

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)lBothroH IllC)lY.OK ua Ka)K,ll,Q.!.,[ !vlOLI.YJle rpynnu OTKphJBaCT COOTBeTCTBYKlwee OKHO flPOCMOTpa ria pa60tIC}'1 CTO~le Microwave Office lIJII-! nnanoroaoe OKHO, PYKOBOJJ,Hwee nocnenYIOIUHMff llefiCTBllliMH nOJIL30BaTe .. :1iI.. Y.l.06110H nozrckasxoa HBJUHOTCa TaK)Ke KOHTeKCTHhle 1!eHfO, noxensuouurec» npa HmK3THH npanoa K..113SHUlH MhIIIH1 ua mo6oM OObCKTe rrpoexra H npe,i1...'mraK:lwne na Bh160p CflHCOK B03MO)KHblX :t;1.;lbHe:t'"uuHx l1,eflCTmn1 ..

Ilepexteureaue Me::oK.llY 6.10KUMM H rpynnasut aepeaa npoexra BHYTPH BK..lan.KU :'I.fO.:KHO raicxe HblnO.1HHTb C nOMOl11,bIO K..naBHW <1'> if <t>.

'.ftD DesJgn Notes E.'OK KOMMeurupues (Design Notes) npeauasnavea ,1l..1H BHeceHHR conpouozurrensnoit J.1HtPopMaUl1H B npoexr, B Hero MO)l{CT 6blTb snenena mo6a51 TeKCTOBa~[ I1Hq:,Op'vtaUJ151 na PYCCKOM H3blKe, aanpnnep, aara C03,naHI1H npoexra, J.1MH paspaOOT'-lJ1Ka, H<13!Knme no.upa3nCJICIHUl H oprcUm3UUHI1j J.~el111 C03L1.aH1I.11 rtpoexra, a TaK)f{e KO!l.lMeHTapHI1, npM3BJHHbte 06JlerQHTb pa6(HY c npoexroa .1J,pynrx JHDKeHCpOB no rrpOWeCTBl1!O nexoroporo BpCl\ieHH.

·-i®P·;~ie~t'[lPii~~s EJlOK om;wn- npoe[o.'TIl (Proiect Options} C.ly::KHT .!L151 3~UraHH5I 3Hat:!CHHM '-I3CTOT, t,J.HHHU, napauerpoa no YMO .. '!LlaBlflO npoexra.

.,~ Global Definitions D..1lQli rJ106a..;lbHbIX QnpellC-}Jem~H (Global Definitions) CJly:tKMT )1;1}l onpeneneuu» nepexsennsrx, OT KOTOPbIX 3aBl1C£T OT,1l.e .. ;1bHhIC napaxrerpu 3Jle)l.leHTOB CXCM H l!.3MeHeHHe KOTOPblX B npoexre .!1,O<'1IKHO npOH3BOJU1ThCJI npOnOPIJ,HOH~UlhHO HJ1U CHHXpOHHO. Cioaa TaJOKe BBOnHTC$l BblpmKCHI1H VI ypa13HCHHH, CJ1Y)!(Ull1.l1e .!lJU1 OJU1- canna TaKHX rrapaverpos CXCM; xoropue paCCYHTblBaJOTcH ua OCHOBaHH].1 zrpyrnx nepeMCHHblX no ortpeneneuauu CPopMYJlaM.

·'LJ Dah Filet rpynna BlICW1U1X $aH..TIOB J!aHHbIX (Data Files} COgepJK11T Cfil1CQK qmx.nos nannux, KOTOPbIE 6bL1H .1l06a&"1eHhl K npOCKTY H3BHe. <Dat1.1w ,lJaHHhIX, KaK npasn.10, npencraansnor C060ll craxnaprastc Ta6)1HUhl Svnapanerpoe HJHi cpai0"1bI npyrux TUnOB. conepzcaunre paaee onpeaeneauue napasrerpsr MHOronO)l.!OCHHKa B xacroraoa 06- JlaCT.I-L Bneiuuue qmiiJ1bl lWHHhlX naror B03MO)KHOCTh HaL1H..1.HO cpa.BHHB3Th pesyrn.rarta, nO"lY'-leHHhle B xone MaKen1pOBaHH£ eBl{ ycrpciicrs, C pe3yJH,TaTUMH pacxera. Ka)KllblH 3':le).·~eHT npoexra, 3a)1.3HHbIH KaK BHeillHHI1 ¢ai1Jl ,rr,aHHbIX, llO.;l)KeH l'I.MeTb YHl1KaJ!hHoe HIIlH, xoropoe orofipaxaerca B .n.UHHOH rpynne, P51JlOM C KOTOPblM B KBaupaTHbIX cxooxax nponncsrsaetca nyn, pacnOJIO)KCHJ.151 <paHJla ~~aHHblX ua )J,HCKe KOMnbloTepa.

--·leFt SY$tem Diagrams rpynna CllCTeJl.U1l:.1X J.!Ha1l1aMM (System Diagramsl conepaarr CI1CTeMHbre JJ.H:lrpar-..L\ibl, <lH<:1.1H3I-1pyeMhle nporpaxnroti VSS (Visual System Simulator). VSS AonYCK.;1eT HepapXl-FICCKOe nocrpoenne, HO 1'I0,J;cxe.Mb! HaXO.J,JiTC£ B aaxranxe Elem ..

,,",.[vl G"cuit Schematics fp,'nna cxesrorexuuuecsux Moav."lefi (Schematics} orcopaxaer CITHCOK scex -racrea npoexra, 3a,rr,aHHhlX B BHl1e 3J1eKTpW:lCCKHX cxen, Cnacox l1Me·eT uepapxasecxvro crpyxrypy C B03MO)KHOCThlO !I!HOfOKpaTHoro ful0::+::em1H OTll,e_,1hHbIX M OJlYJl ea, xcropste MOI)-'T 6h1Tb aananu KaK cxexiu, noacxexu, CTIHCK]{ COe)lHHeHU:M, uueunnre ¢aK.-1hl H EM CTpYKTYPbJ.

CoiJepJlConue npoexma

9

-1.Y!il EM Strucnaes [nynna EM CTPYh."TVP (EM Structures) orofipascaer CflHCOK ncex '-1;lCTeH npoexra, aanamu,rx B nnae EM CTPYKTyp. nOMml-'lo CnJ1CKa MOllYJiCi1 B naHHoti rpyrme couepscncs 6JtOK YCTaHallJumaeMhlX no YMO}lllalHHO napaverpon CTPYKTyp Default EM Options. 3J~eCb YCTaHUBJ1 HnaJOTCH napaaerpsr, ,nei1cTDHTCJlbHble )l,na scex 6e3 MC}01104emHJ EM MOll.YJJ:et1: npoekra, 01lHaKO H.~IeeTC51. B03MO:;KHOCTb tlHIlHBl1J1yaHbHOro 3a..a.am·Ui napasserpoa .ar!7! KIDK;J:oro H3 NUX B OTL!e~lbHOCTH,

-§ Conductor Materials fpjllna R1!QBO,WIU!UX Man~pMa.rl0B (Conductor Materials) conep}KHT cnMCOK sccx npOBO.lUHlU1X MaTepMa.;iOB; ncncnsayextux B EM CTPYKTYPax npoexra. Do YMOJI'-:laHHIO B ::nOM: rpynne co,.a,ep)KHTC:H I1llea..'1bHbIH 11 !-.le,!l,HblM npOBOlIHHKH, 01lHaKO n0J1h30BaTe.TJh ncerna MO)l{eT .L\06aOHTh Cl0.n.3 HOBble »iarepaanu, aaaanuue CBOJ1MM JJ1eKTp!1tleCKHMl1 11 ¢113I1':1eCKl1MH napauerpaau.

·,8 Output Equations E:IQK BbfXWlllblX BWPaJKeRnH (Output Equations) C}lYJKI1T nns ortpcnencana nepesreaaux, no..1yt1aeMblx H3 paCC1.£HTaHHhLx xapaxrepncrax, TaKMe nepe!->leHHhle ucno.nayrorca, Hanpm.1ep; B cny-rae, xorna TPe5yeTcR oueHHTb 11 OTo6pa3HTb H3 rpaqnnce pa3HHUy Me:K11Y 2J.BYMH paCCQHTIHiHhIMM B npouccce Mone,lHp0BaHH2: xapasTepJ.1CTHKaMl1. Fnasuoe OTJmQl1e BbIXO.<:l:HblX BblpIDKeHHfi OT rnofiansasrx COCTOHT B TOM; 'ITO paCClU1T3HHble C J.1X novoursio nepeMeHlibIe MO)KHO orocpanrrs na rpaqnrxe.

'H!~J Graphs DU:!llH! oTo6UIDKeHHR pe3YJIhTa'roB pacqem (Graphs) co.nep)KHT Bee rpacpl-1KH, AI1arpaM~'1hl H Ta6mUlbl, nOJJy<leHHble B npouecce Mo .. 1e.HwpOBamHL Pace-mraunue nauxue xioryr 6blTb oTo6pa)KeHhl HZ rpa¢m<ax B npauoyronsnoii 11 nO.1HpHOH cacreuax KOOpjUfHaT: na xpyronux zraarpasrvax (.;:marpaM~1ax C;,{UTd), B Ta6.1J1u;ax H sa CHfHa1hHhIX C03Be3lIM.srx (B VSS)_ It\1eercH B03~W)KHOCTb HHTepnOmllil1l1 no..i1YQeHHhlX xapaKTepHCTHK~ l:i3MeHeHH51 )iacurra6a ax oTo6paIKCHJHL lLn_q Har.rHl.llHOCTH 3aBMCH~10- CTM MOryr 6blTb npopacosaau m1HM:HMI1 paannsxoro T11na 11 usera, a pac-reraue TOllKl1 MOryT 6hlTh noxasaxu Cnell,HaJlhHhlMH 3HalIKaMH.

-1<>1 Optimizer Goals [pjJJiIa ue,,-:U;:u OllTlIMU3311HH (Optimizer Goa!s) coaepacrr Cm1CQK paCC'-!HThlB.aCMblX xapaKTepHCTHK~ xoropsre HeOOXOJU1.\10 0f1THy!l-13HPOB3Tb B npouecce paforsi c npoexrosr. no 3TI1:\1 xapaxrepucrnxa» c yueron 33Jl.aHHWX seCOBbIX K03¢QH1- UHeHTOB CTPOHTC5I ne .. nesaa ¢YHKlHt5l rrpoeicra, Ml1HHMyM xoropori MO)KeT 6hITh HaHncl-I C rrououuao pa3.1HlfHhlX MeTOlloB onnnunaW1t1 __

··!m7i1 Yield Goa!s fpYllna CTal'HCTH'-IeCKorQ aHaJIl13H (Yield GoaJs) cOJLCP>KHT cnHCOK xapakrcpncrax, KOTOPblC Heo6xolLHMO pacc-unan, C y~!eTOM cJlY1ml-1Horo 1-13~IeHerlI-1H 3a,n:UHHhIX napauerpou 3.neMeHTOB npoexra.

.. 8 Output Files fpvnna mOp!ltW!WaHun BbIXO.l.HMX ij)aiL'l:os (Qutpnt Files} CO,J,ep>KHT cnucox ¢aWJIOB B paJ)U{YHbIX cPopMaTax, xoropue cpop;..mpylOTcB no HT1JraM MOlle.;111- pcaanna. Crena MOl)7 BXO':U-ITh ¢af:Jlhl S-napaMeTpOB ycrpoiicrs B $OpMilTe Touchstone mH-1 3KBl1illL'lCHTHhlC CXeMb! 3a~lew;emUl EM CTpYKTYP B ¢opMaTe SPICE.

,.~ 'v'/i2ards AccHcTeBT "I}OeKl'OB (lVizard) CO,a,CP)KJ1T P)I.n. HOilhIX BO:JMO)l{HOCTeH, xoropsre MQ)KHO BHCnpl1Tb B npoexr: YT~1JIIHa CI1HTC3a tPl-UlbTPOB (Filter Synthesis), YTHmna pacsera HarpY30QHbiX .mmaB (Load Pull) H ynrmrra ncpexreausix napaacrpou (Swept Variable}.

8··, ~ S c!ipt!ng

'U fpvnna CKPMfITOR (Scrip,:ting) conepxnr onacaaua MOlle~1eH if anro-

Pl1TtdOB i\-m1l.e;1l-tpOBamU'l B BH-Il,e 4)afuloB) ouacannux na H3hlKC C++.

10

Tsaea 1. HmnepcjJeiic npOepl1Jl1Mbt Microwave Office

1 .2. BKnaAKa MOAel1ei1 sneMeHTOB

BKJIa,nKa Elements (coxpauieauo Elem) npeauasua-ieua MH 6bICTpOro f10I1CKU 11 B13en,eHVl5I B npoexr Mo.ne)1J.1 aneueirra. D:JUi nepexona ua nee Heo6x0.1J}IMO tuenxayrs na 3aKJ1a;::I,Ke C naanncsro Elem l3 Hl1.}l(Hel1 yaCTl-1 OKHa npOCMOTpa npoexra (pHC. 1.3.). B aepxneii -iacru 13KJ1aJ1,KH OTo6pa::KaeTC51 ucpapxnuecxoe zicpcao scex AOCTYOHblX 6H6- J1HOrCKj a B HH>KUei1 QaCTI1 ~ CQCT3B Bh16paHHOM: 6116J1llOTeKM.

B COCTaB BCTpoeHHbIx 6H6JI110TeK Mane_lew BXa;rI5IT rpynr:si: .. KOfVIaHapHhlX 3J1eMeHTOn - Coplanar;

• 6a30BbLX 3JlCMeHTOD - General;

" Me)KC}l.OHHbiX 11 Me)l(fL11aTHhIX COe,Il,HHeHHj;'I - Interconnects;

• )II1HeHHblX np!160pOB - Linear Devices;

• cocpe.D,OTOqeHHhIX 3J1eMeHTOB - Lumped Element; .. H3MepHTeJlbHhiX npl160pOB - MeasDevices;

~ MHKPOITOJ]OCKOBblX .. '111HMM - Microstrip;

II Hem-meMHhlx YCTPOMCTB - Nonlinear;

II Mo.u,e.'1ei1 HOBhJX ::meMeHTOB - PRE_RELEASE D nopTOB - Ports;

• I1CTOQHI1KOa TOKa 11 HanpSDKeHM5i ~ Sources; .. Il O . .'10CKOBbIX 3JleMeHTOB - Stripllne;

e rrOwl0)l{eK - Substrates;

• J1HI-UfH: nepe.uaq - Transmission Lines.

E,' ~j:~.rt~i i.t:! .. ~C(Jr:J~~ ~~1·-GI- G~I~ 1··_"""_Ir'lII!II~r'II"P!lCI:::;

i·· ~ ~-!-J~I o~~~

r;; ~ ~ L"'l'...t E"-m""l I~' ~ t.1~Il~~~yi~ r~l -rEi3J btkmshlp

· ;"-"<1 ~<e<J,

: .•. nar:J COO'JPJI"ItI1!~ ; ··8 to.oed L~~3 1 .. ·9JlJrll:tial~

MOIl~m1 KOnnaHspH~ IX ~~ w.e HTe: a tViOll em~ 6 aso EL\>IX ~eMeHTQ" Mot1en~ MBlf(C08n~~e~H~ MOllen~ n~He~Hbl)( ~p~60POB MOAelll1l1~~l\PL'lT~~!X $nOlMO>lT03 ;_.j3MepI1T8~~Hble npH50p61

Mc.;:enk M~KponOIlOCI<OSbIX n~H~'"

r·~J..i["J9::;

I· -0- Glh" ;-~P~iffl" I ... Ci Ob,~~.

(~.,.+ N.jr~;~r,i

->:·--w rnf_"lEU;AS~ v1clO"~L1"~ ,IIrHpn0B, AC ~ DC

~;...D- ~"', n

'i.~ ._ $ S ",'m ". _________.--- onoc"oa~l", n~:~'1 H

'~) a. ,,;p~. ': - nO.1lnOJ;;"11

~, llil ;~,".I", - ,. n~i{"~ n",p()~~~;1

~;; -=- 1'.=m;";,,,L"'" 6~6IlmlTij~K B ~opMaTe SPICE

[i.' i2l L~ro~ ==:.__.........,~~-- 5'~Dm-lOTeKI1 B '+'OpM~ie Toucnstcne

: (ijj D,lO ~~~-~--~- '"

: __ -el- .LtlciIO~~ nO,QCXeM,,1

l(;" k 1<101 .. L~,"li", Ei>10n!o10Te K~1. ,QO~1'/nH,,18 ~epe3 [.1HTepHM

'.'2: -82] .Y'lOm Blco;;~, 6~OIl~OTeK"~ C~CTeMHbIX OIlOKot:i

; .. f;'~ ChOl ... _'"

~~i {SJ C~,oNa~~ ~i G Coo"'l!rter~

,if;' ffil- .~.~~~~.

tviOil8;J~~ K~n~HG~IIt.I:': ~p~6opos MogeJl" HDBblX 3.r;eMeHroE! nopr",

:...;

P[.1C. 1.3. Cocras BKJIa,ll,KH Elements

BKAaOKQ nepemennux npoexma Var

KpOMe sroro, B npOCKTe B03MOJKHO JIcnOJlb30SaHJ1e:

., 6H6.i1HOTeK M01I:eJlei1 B ¢opM3Te Spice - library 11 Touchstone - Data;

• ,J,OCryl'lHbIX IlOll.CXeM - Subclrcults;

• 6116Jl110TCK 3 • .'leMeHTOB ~fepe3 Internet - XlVIL Libraries;

• 6H6~'1HOTeKH CHCTeMHhlX 6JIOKOB - System Blocks (nporpansru VSS).

Baeuurae 6M6JInOTeKi1 ~!O,Ele.;1ej1 B ¢OpJIo-mTC Touchstone npe,J,cT3UJHBOT co6ol1 craunapruue $aH..!lbl Svnapaaerpca c pacumpeuaeu .s*p (me :t: 0603HIlQaeT ~WCJJO I10PTOB MHorono .. !TlOClH1Ka), KOTOPbIe 33JUlCbIBa!OTCH B KaTa..'IOr \Awr2002\Library\data\' Baetuane 6H6m1OTeKJ1 MO,J.e.ne:i1: B ¢OpM~!Te Spice npeacraanaior C060ll ¢aHnsr c npOH3.BOJlhHhIM pacumpenuev, xoropue 3anJ.1ChmalOTC_H B xaranor \Awr2002\Libraryvmodelsv .

EH6m10TeKH, nocryn K KOTOPbIM B03MO;:KeH xepea cers Internet omlCbIBalOTC51 B rpafi .. ne \Awr2002\Library\lib.xml.. ECJUI no KaKHM-J11160 npw-n-maM aerrocpencrneuaus nocryn K Internet HeB03f>1O)£(eH, .aonYCKueTC.H sarmcars cooreercrnyiouuui ¢aiL1 C cepsepa ¢H_pMbl-npOH3BO.1ll-iTe .. ~u3: 3.neKTpOHHhlX Ko!\-tnOHeHTOB B ¢ai1JI \Awr2002\Libraryvlib.xml. AHful0rH'4:HbIM o6pa30M MO)KHO nocryrurrs H C pa3.HH4HOH acnossorarensHort cnpasovaoa Im¢opMallHcil, TO ecri, B COO1BeTCTSYlOWMX 6H6.J1110TeKaX HaJIO rrponucars CCbDlKM ua aapeca, me coaepzcarcs ¢at!:.nhJ C OllBCaHl1eM nyxnoro 3JIeMeHTa, HanpHMep~ B <popMaTe Microsoft Word M.nTI Adobe Acrobat.

1 .3. BKnaAKa nepeMeHHblX npoexra Var

Bxnanxa npocxrorpa 113MeH5ieMblX nepeneuaax npoexra Variables (coxpauienao Var) C.rI}?KHT ,!I"TUJ: 6hlCTPOro npOCMOTpa 11 1-13MeHemm 3HaQeHHll, a raxxe ynpaaneuns CT3TYCOM pa3m-!4HhlX napauerpos 3 .. 1eMeHTOB cxesur. Ilon crarycoxr nepeuesxoa no.a.pa3YMeBaIOTCH TPM ee COCTO.HHHK B03MO)l{HOCTh l!3MeneHI-1H c nOMOW.b-lO MHcTpYMeHTU Tuner (KH0I1K8 T), B03MO)l(HOCTh 113MeHeHyl${ B npouecce ODTHMH33UHl1 (xsonxa 0) 1-1 YCTaHoBKH LU-13na30Ha H3MeHeHlHI nepencaxoit (knonxa C).

tI.Jl}l nepexona H3 BKJ1a.n_KY Variables Heo6xo';:U1MO utenxayn, aa 3aK.JlaAKe c Hanm-IChIO Var B HH)KHel1 '--l:aCTH OKHa upocsrorpa npoexra. B sepxuen '--IaCTl-I nosansercs ynpoiuenuce ncpeno npoexra, orpaxaiouree pacnoaoxeuue napauerpoa B cxeMOTeXHl1- 1-[eCKHX ;\-1 onYJ1 HX; sneiu HHX ¢alinax naausrx, a TalOKe nepe.MeHHhlX B 6~tjoKax r . nooansHbIX H Bb!XOlIHbIX BhlpIDKeHBH.

B 3aKJ13,UKe Var (p11C, 1.4) B Ta6m-1QHOJ1 ¢>OPMC oroepaxaercs Cnl1COK scex 'I13l\-teH5lel\.Ib[X nepe aeuusrx yxaaaanoro MO)lY,lM., TpH KHonKH ynpannenus CT3TYCOM, Te-KyIUHe 3HaYem-IR. a TaK)KC rpaauuu HX H3MeHeH1Ul.

1 .4" BKn3AKa TOn0J10r~M npoexra Layout

Bxsanxa Layout npeanasuaseaa nns parioru C TOflO_110nUIM111 COOTBeTCTBYIOll1_i-1MH OTlleJIbHbIM cxeMOTCXj.lWfeCKH.M MOJly.rUIM rtpoexra, 1-1 ynpaaneaaa 6H6J!HOTeKaMH TOnO}IOrH~ieCKHX npHMHTHBOB. B aepxuei! '-!aCH1 BK.-'1MKU OTo6pa;i(aIOTCR o6LUl--te YCTaHODKI1 ,[l)l$! pa60Tbl C TOnOJlOnHIMM Layer Setup l'! Cnl-1COK I1CrrOJIb3yeMblx 6116JlJ10TeK Cell Libraries. B HH::KHd't ~aCTH npuaeneaa Ta6 .. 1H1l3 ynpaanexns CJIORlI-H-i TorrOJ10n1l1.

11

12

Tnaea 1. llllmepfjJeiic npOZptlMJ'rfbl Microwave Office

::~0!11 Arrp:r~ EQ~b~ :;J.~ lor<>: M,Io'>

. : ·-8 IT-p.lII'-t~l:h EqiJ-:t":lI;Ir.:;:i ",.!!ill O"" .. M"c!-.

. ', ~ OI,.lIWlI¥I~:&:h EqJ~:j:

,;;.OJ slriii;"iriil"i!Oi ~, cii I" ~"'IJy

"':i2l rei ,'o!>"~ 0"""-<'"

COCHJEj =M ~ nQIlQeM npO$1ffil

Cn;!~OK nep,"ME'H H bt>: na;:I<lMeTp 05' rposxra

HfMlj>l~ !01 8e?)01,,~ rpa H~'-\bII13ME'1!8~~f'\ nepeMS~H{)I1

PI1C. 1.4. Cocras BJ<..1an,KH Variables

L~ 1:!l l..,..,r S<! ... '··m Q.r.u~.lpl (s::.iI L"r"'JtOpoom

2J ··m ColIl...l:r.m< ,

i !8J [C:IPr<o;.-.:", Fi~,V>.WFllAw'il2r02\O; ·:cH~ ~k'90'lC:\Plogl~ro FJoll.AWflIAW

"Illih roruhi. !

. lIS ,I.I~2'U ... Q$ ",<_100._<" ' ... [ffi'~$

,. .. :

Puc. 1.5. Cocraa BKJ13,llKH Layout

Kostauonoe Memo U 110HeAb uncmpYMeHmOfJ

13

1.5 .. KOMaHAHoe MeHIO iii naaens KHCTpYMeHTOB

Km.mHlI,HOe MeHlO pacnonaraerca B sepxnes (!aCTH OKHa cpensr npoexrapoeaaaa (pHC. L 1) H COnep)KJ1T Bee ueotixonaxuae KOMaH;l,bl ,IL1.H pa60Thl c npOCKTOM (pHC. 1.6). Ornwnrre~lbHOH OC06eHHOCTbJO xovaunnoro MCHlO "BJlReTCfI TO, !ITO OHO 1'IMeeT HeKO'ropyio 6a30aYIO KOHcpHrypau.mo~ KOTOpa}! Bl1}l,OH3MeH.HeTC5{ B npouecce pa60Tbl B aaanCHMOCTl1 OT sunonnaesroa onepauaa. Ha puc. 1.6 noxaaaau KOMaHllbI, H:o..1elOUlHeC>I B KOMaH,r.I,HOM Memo.

Kax 11 KOMaH.JlHOe uemo, nanem, HHCTpYMeHTOB MWO HMee-r 6a30uy!O KOBqau),paumo (pHC. 1.7), KOroPaH BH..IT.OIl3MeHfleTC5l B npouecce pa60Thl n 3am1CH:\lOCTH OT Bbl-

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,""' lNA_1 O!ihi: .. AWH DtI.ign E nvirllJlm;mt ' .. ,. .

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r~i1d~~>'·;;·· f1;j~t~\~o~-> ):: .. ; ,

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22

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27

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29

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30

FAOGO 1. HlimeptjJeiic ItPOt?P(LJUJt.t:bl Microwave Office

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32

Isaea 1. IfHmeptjJeiic npo2paM.M.bJ Microwave Office

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Ha BKna,nKe. Statistics sanasorca OCHOBHble napaxierpu )J)I.H acnomooeaans nanHOM nepCMeHHOH npa CTIlTHCTH4eCKo:o.I aHa)1H3e. B none Mode l1MeIDTCH OnUHl-I, paspetuaioume acnonssoaauae nepexreauoii E CTaTHCTWiCCKOM anannse Use statistics H OITTHMM3aUiH1 CXCMbI C T04KH 3pelHul BbIXO.n:U ronaux H3.ueJlHli Optimize yield. B none Distribution sanaercs 3aKOH pac II peneneauu nn OTHOCTI1 Bep05l:THOCTJ1: pasHoMepHblM (Uniform); HOPM3JlhHhIH (Normal) 1-1 Cnel~!13J1bHbJi1 (Model). HpJ{ DKJHOl{CHHOH onumr

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BK.nIO~U1I\"l onuJ.11O Constrained B

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PeAaKTM poeauue aa B,",CIIIMoro r J106al1bHoro Bblpa>KeH H R

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34

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40

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I··· .!

Bee (j10PMbl, Mentl""JJHltJCCK11e 11 )l113JleKTpH4"e-

CKl1e, KOTOpbJe aanansi B EMSight~ nonxasr COBnacrs c ceTKOH -reprcxa. Bu MO)KCTe BBO .. LlJITh ¢opMbl, KOTOPbte He coananaror C 3Tof1 ceTKOH, HO nocne OTnYCK3HHH MhlLUH HilM npn l1epeTaCKHBaJ-B1W ¢OPMb! EMSight aBTOM~HW-leCKM COBMeCTlH KOOp.uuHaTbl ¢OPMhI C OCHOBHOH CCTKOv... fYCTOTa ceTKH onpcaeaacrca ~!HC!!OM ne .. '1eHHfi B aanpaaneunax X fi

Y. MOLl,e.rJ.!1pOB::1Hl1e sunonuserca fiWCTpee, eC.HI1 PIle. 2.3. Hanecesssre y:>-10B cerxa na

~utc. . .10 ne.neHHH 6y;:teT Kal(HM-TO lIue.l0M B crenenu 2 C;1Qe ([6 ll.e.1el·nu'i no OCJI.M X M Y)

(T. e. pasHhlM 32, 64, 128 M T. n.). Ec...1H HCnOJlh3yeT-

C}! pe)KI1~"l FFS (Fast Frequency Sweep), YHC.!lO lle.;l.eHHH .llo.;l~HO 6blTh t.!eTHblM. Y.UCJlO lIe.neHui:'1 H paasrepsr fI~leHKli MOf}'T He 6blTb o;:umaKOBblMl1 no H3npaB.neW1Ji)1 X 1-1 Y (pHC. 2.3). Pasuep }1Y.ei1KI-I B KaJK.ll.OM HanpaaleHHH COOTBeTCTsyeT paasrepy xopnyca B 3TOM ~e aanpaeseuan, pnaaenenuosry na 'lHc..10 ,lC,;leHHll. Bax.HO orsrerars, 4TO .n...'1H

acex cnoes acnomayercs oaua H ra )f{e cerxa,

Pasuep ~p1.eKKi!, KOTOPblf1 l.lOmKeH HCTIOJIh30SaThCfI. ;:r,...·HI orrpene.l"JeHHOH sanaxu, onpenenen KOHKpeTHhlM 'HtCJIOM pa36ueHl1iL 5IqeHKll C MeHblliHMH paaxtepaxnt o6ecneYJ1BalOT 6o.l1ee rOlH-we l\-1O.2l.ClJ.I·1pOMHHe, HO rpefiyxrr 60.TlbWJ1X sarpar Bpe]'.teJ-Ui. na peurenae. Jlepsoaaxansno pexouexayerc» l1CnO.;'1h30BaTh caMbLH 60.1blllOf, paasiep ~ttief1~ KH, KOTOPbli1 nOCTaTOI.JHO TOI1HO annpoxcsnrnpyer reosierpmo. Ilanee, aa nocnenytollU1X sranax Mo,n,em1pOBamHI, pa3).1ep 5i4eeK ~tO)KHO Y:\leHbwaTb, yse.'1w·ufsaa 4HCJlO pa36weHl1W xopuyca.

nf.i3~leKTpJ.1l·:leCK}Je C,.1011 YCT3Haai1I1BaIOTC:H B JaK.l31IKe Dielectric Layers. Kopnyc COllep)KHT MI1HJ.1MYM nna 1l113 .. rleKTpl·f4ecKHx C:10.a. CaMhll1 BepXHMM: nH~:meKTpH4eCKv.fi C_fIOH - Layer L CSR3b Me)K11Y YPOBWIMW seprexa M ,ITI·t:meKTpH4eCKMMI1 CJ105i\Hi noxa- 3a}-[U ua puc. 2.4.

YacTO nCpXHl1H C~10n aaaaercs KaK B03.uyWHbli1 cnoii, XOTH 3TO Heo6H3areJlhHo.

K napaxerpav l.U13}JCKTpHy.eCKJ1X C.l10eB OTHOC.HTCH era TOJ!WI1Ha (Thickness), OTHOCI1- TeJ1bHa$l 1l113J1eKTpWleCKaH npouauaeuocrs (c.), T3HreHC A113.1eKTpJ..il:leCKI1X noreps (Loss Tangent).

,!IH~ni;l~'.I'pU'!Q~N~

. C"llO~ Z

........., PH['!I~l<l&Ie- ]JP~~-

<,

<, -../YiJOEt,'t'J, 1

,.,-/ l

,.,-/'"

...-/

... ~

Puc. 2.4. COOTIlOWCHHC Me)[(,!l,Y CJI051MI-l: H YPOBH51"'~H ira seprexe KOHcTpyKUJnl

44

Tsaea 2. Peoaxmop mOIlO./lOcUU EMSiglrt

Flapaxerpu nO}Vl0)l(KI1 MO)KHO Hai1TH B crtpaao-nnrkax. B npe,ilBapHTe,HhHbIX pac~j_eTax MO)KHO HCnO,ilb30BaTh Jl.aHHWC, npaaeneauue B TaG ... 1. 2+ l .

Ta6nuqa 2.1. MamepuanbJ aU3neKmpUlieCKoii nodnO.1KKU

.~
Marepuas 4 TaHfeHC Jln~J1eKTJl1NeClOtX u(rrepl.
B03llYx LO 0
~ ..................
Ilonnxop 9.8 < 0.0015 ~
KB<lpU 3.78 I < D.OOOl
KpeMHHH :;~:~ I :" 0.003
-'--~ .................... " ...... .."",""'"""" ..... ,......,.....,.,.,.,
i! ApCeHJ.'I,'l ra'lJH1H
0.001
I RT Duroid 5880 2.20 < 0.0009
!
RT Duroid 5870 2.33 I 0.0012
p
\ I
i RT Duroid 6006 6.15 0.0019
~ I []OTepH ).1eKTpO.',mrHHTHOH sneprau B KOHCTpyKlUH1 3aBHCHT KaK OT noreps B nO,ll..10)KKe, TaK H 07 noreps B MeTa1.1H_1{eCK~iX nposonrurxax. Heuneansnocn, rpaunu xoprtyca MO)!{HO yCTaHOBi1Th B saxnanxe Boundaries. :.7-ra 3aK.:1a,J,KU (pHC. 2.5) l1l\leeT nae t13CTl1, 3M3JOume vronenu sepxa H MOneJlll HlOKHei1 rpauuusr xopnyca.

Puc. 25. ,llH3.;1orosoe OKHO ycr3HOBKl1 rpanxu asepxy a BHIDy xoprtyca

Onuns Perfect conductor (HiJeMbllbJii llpoBoOHlLK) MOne;1HpyeT BepXHlDlQ M./lM Hl-DKinoto rpanuuu xopnyca KaK H,lIeanhHblti npOflOJI:HMK 6e3 noreps.

Onuus Specify material (Cneu,utjJUJCQl{U1l seamepuasa) n03BOJHleT aanars CB0J1Cm2 j\·IaTepl1ana no.u..10)t(Kl1, aHa'lOr11'-IHO TOMYl K3K .?lTD nenaerca AJl5J npOBO,LI,fIW,HX MaTcpua.non (ex. pHC. 2.6). CH3tIMa B npoexre C03.ualOT MaTepJ.1a.11 C ::+>:e_1aeMbIMl1 napauerpavn. KaK TOJ1hKO M3TepHaJI ortpenenen, era MO)KHO 1-1CnOJlb30EaTb B npoexre: HunpMMepl DH MO%eT 6hlTb Ha3Ha1.!eH rpaanue xopnyca, Bb16HpaSI ero B Draw> Edit Shape Props ~3 CflMCKa nocrynnux MUTepHa}lOB.

HCn0J1b301mHl-1e onW111 Approximate open (oTKphfTb!11 KOHeu.) 3KBHBartCHTHO sanamHO rpaaauu KaK MaTCpUa'Ia1 KOTOPblH H:Meer yaensuoe conporunneuue nOCTO}lHHOMY TOKY 377 OM, -rro rrpM6~'1H3MTeJlbHO paBHO BonHOBOMY conporuatesuuo CBOOOllHoro

45

PMC> 2.6> 1l~a,10roBoe OKHO YCTaHOBKH U M(IJUH!:HH,,-lUHH CBOHCT6 <"nu-epua..u

npOCTpaHCTB3. Ilpn MO,n.em-1pOBaHHlt OTKPhlTOi1 rpaHI-iUbl uepxuaa xpsnuxa JlOJDKHa 6blTb pacnoncxeaa ,ll,OCTaT04HO nanexo OT CXCMh!, LJT06bt a mo6oi1: TOYKe nona, J.13Jly\laeMOro cxcstoii, He 6bl110 3HatH1TCJlbHOrO B3aHMO,!l,ei1cnU!H C rpaHI111.ci1. Hcnoasaoualme LIJ1~ rpaHl1Ubl conporanneuun 377 OM - 3TO npJ.16JlH)KeHl1e ,ll)IH cnooonnoro !lPO~ CTpaHCTBa, l1TO ofiecnesuaaer nOCTaTOYHY10 T04.HOCTh JlJUI 60JlbUJHHCTBa aaaas. 3TOT PC)KI-1M MCnOJIb3yeTcH npa aaanuae TH!1QBOM CTpyKTYPbl aHTeHHLI (pMC. 2.7).

[lPH BK.m01.JeHHH OnUl1H Infine waveguide BepXHJ.1.l1 (~lJnt HH;.KHl1tf) cnosi Mo..a.e.rHrpyeTC5'I KaK 6eCKOHCl{HO ,!l.JU1HHbll1 BO}lHOBOA1 3anOJlHeHHblH TeM )l(e C3MblM .1l.H3.'leKTpl1- KOM, sro H BepXHl1H. )1.111 H}DKHJ.fH cnoa -. EeCKOHey.HaH rpannua BOJIH.OBOlla MO)Ker HCnO.!J:b30BaTbCH LV151 MOne •. 'll1pOe3HMJI Bo.nHOBOllHO-MHKpOnO}lOCKoBOro nepexona.

Kpuuisa

~ ,..-'

,ft"

.,.~..-' ,~"-'./'

, -,-,'-·l

. ._.-: ~

P11C. 2.7. Kpuuixa H nao xopnyca, paancneauoro Ha zraa C)JO~

46

Fsaea 2. PeiJaKmop monosoeuu EMSigflt

2.4. cbopMbl npOBOAH14KOB

Bbl60p aKT~BHoro eI1Os:! ~epTe)Ka

AKT!1IJHbl(t GlOW -reprexa MO)!(eT 6blTb W3MeHeH, Bbl6HpaH 3aK.J131lKY C~10H B HH)I(He:i1 (-:!aCTl1 OKHa 2-Mep1-lOro npocsiorpa crpYKTYPh1.

Bbl60p q,oPMbl npOBOAH~Ka

Y.To6hl Bbl,ue.'1HTb ¢OPMY npOBO.!lHHKa, Ha)KMI1Te xnamnuea MhlWI1 Ha era PHCYHOK. llTo6bl aufipart. OLl,HOBpeMeHHO HeCKOJ1bKO <pOPM, y;iepEl1sati:Te npn 3TOM KJ1aBl1~ wy Shift. no .nPyroMY, HeCKo.nbKO ¢-OPM MO)KHO Bb!6paTh) DXBaTb!BaR HX nYHKTMpHhlM npRMoyroJlbHMKOM.

t.IT06bI Bbr6paTb $op .... ry, KOTOp~HI HaXD.£U1TCSI }m:)Ke .n;aHHot'i, yaepxusaare KJl3SUU1Y Ctrl H HIDKMHTe ua xee HeCKO.TlhKO pas, noxa Hy:.KHaSJ ¢OpJ.ta He 6YJl.eT Bh16paHa.

3aMOpa>KHSaHMe HeaKT~BHbtX cnoes

Kama HCUKTIiBHhle ypOBHI1 33MopmKcHbl, TOJ1bKO (POpMbJ na rexyiueu CJ10e MOf:yT 6blTb BbmeneHbl tL'B{ OTpe,uaKTl1pOHaHh!. Bufiop B MeHfO I1m1 sa I1HCTPYMCHTaJ1bHOfl J1I.mer!Ke KOM3HHb[ Draw> Freeze Non-Active Layers n03BO}UleT 3aMOpa)f(I1BaTb C}lOI-1 11 CHHMaTb 3aMOp3)KHSaHue.

nocneAosaTenbHa9 OTMeHa C03A3Hf,i9 KOHCTPYK4~H M onepauas BOCCTaHOSneHMQ

Ilpa pe)l,UKTI1pOBaHJ1H CTPYKTypbl BblnOJU1el-iHYIO onepauuro MO)KHO OTMeHHTh, BblGtrpa51 KOMaHLlbl Edit> Undo HJ1H Edit > Redo, npl11..J:eM 3TO MO)KHO nenars MHorOKpanw.

'iep~eH"e npOBOAHHKOS

Flnauapusre npOBOnHHKI1 MOryT 6hlTb naxepueasr na nlO60M C .. 10e (xorn nJlOCKBe npOBO)lHHKH He MOry! 6blTh H3 cnoe I, xoropun cosnanaer C xpsnuxoii xopnyca). lJ:To6bI npl-16alH1Tb K npoekry HOBb[M nnanapnua npOBOll,HHK~ caaxana Bhl6epHTe aKTl-1BHbJt:i ypoaeiu., uienkas nu 3aKJl3,D.Ke B HI·1)KHei1 l1aCTl1 )lHaJlOra nsyxuepnoro npoCMOTpa. nJlOCKHH np0I:10.11.Hl1K MO)J(eT 6hlTb ,cr,06aBlIcHj HCn0J1h3YH OJJ.HY 113 KOMaHll, l>tCHIO HIIH J1HCTPYMeHThl 4epQCHl1JL

.Q.o6aaneHWle npOBOAHHKOB

Ec...1M B npoEKTC HU KaKOM-HI16Yllh cnoe HY'..KHO Ao6aBl1Tb npoBO,lJ,HMK. Bh.!6gpalOT KOM3H.uy Draw > Addj uienxaa )teBoi1 KHOrlKOJ1 r..1b1WI1 B MeCTe 6Y,!I,)'lll.ei1 sepunuur npOUOD,HHKa 11 .1l.BaJK.ll.bl HIDKHMaH ua nOCJlCAHIOlO TO\lKY, QTo6hl C03AaTb npOBOAHl1K.

Ao6asneHM:e npOBOAHHKa npSlMoyronbHoK t;lJOPMbI

4ro6bl llo6am1Tb npOBOllHHK npsssoyroneaoit CPOPMbl~ BbI6epl1TC KOMaH.n.y Draw >Add Rect Conductor, Ha;;zHM3.51 neBYJO KHOnKY MblllH-I, M ncnomayare Mblllih 11':Hl: paCOBaHI1R 3TOro npauoyronsnuxa.

47

Y.To6bI 113J v ICHHTh CPOPMY npOB011.HHK3, ,UB3)K,Ubl W.CJIKHl1TC H3 HeM MhIWhlO, 4T06hI ncpenecru era B «pe)K.J1M pCAaKTl1pOnaHl1H~>. B 3TOM PC)KI1MC ua Ka)K)lofI BCPlllMHC 11 13 Cepe,[IJ1He Ka)Kll,OM CTOPOHhl 1l0.HWUHOTCli -repaue KSa.uP3TI-1KI1, 3aXBaThIBa}l xoropue MO)KHO paCTHHYTb CPOPMY (pI1C. 2.8). MO)KHO HCn0J1b30B3Tb raioxe HeCKO}lLKO KOMaH.!l MeHlO 1·1.,111 HHCTpYMeHTOB LJep1.leHI-15l:, {IT06bl penaxrnpoaart, CPOP~!y rrpOBO,LI.HHKa.

Pnc, 2.8. PC.JaKT1-lpOBUllHC npOBOllHI1Ka np01-!3BOJ!bHOfi q:.OPM b1

npOBOAHL-tK C KaH3BKoi:1 (Bblpe30M, na30M)

l-ho6bl cnenart, Bblpe3 B nposonnaxe, CHa43J1a aKTHBI-13!-1py:tiTe em 1-1 3aTeM nufiepine KOMaH.llY Draw> Notch Conductor. Ha)f{MMTe neBYIO xnonxy Mblll11-1 1-1 nepewecrn're ee, L:lT06bl Hapi1COBaTb npnuoyroasnax nasa, 11 noc.ne aroro KaH3BKa 33MKHeTC5L Baeneaue aupesa fl.HYTPJ-1 kopnyca rrpOBO.J.Hl1KU npl-16aBI-1T K npOBOAHl1KY npauoyromHYIO nnouianxy. BBOll nasa CHapY)KH npnsener K Bhll[I1T3HlHO 3TOH nJlOLUaIlKI1.

Cnasana Bb16J-:lpaeTC}1 ¢OPM3, KOTOpyfO HY)KHO pacrauyn., nOCJIe xero BbI6J-:lpaeTC}1 KOMaH,Ua Draw > Stretch Area 113 MeHlO 11m-1 HHCTPYMeHTMbHoti naaenu. B K3)Kfl.OH sepunure Bb16paHHoti ¢OPMbJ J1306pa)KaeTC5l nonsni kaanparmc. Ha)KMI1Te J1CnylO KHonKY MblillH Ha HY)KHOl\'[ xeanparnxe, t.lT06hJ BbI6paTb ero .uJUl paCTlDKCHH5L 4T06bI

~ Bbl6paTb HeCKO}lbKO uepumu, HU:>.ICvIHTC .nCBYIO KHonKY MhlUnt CHapY)K).1 cPOPM 1-'1 oxaaTI-1Te nYHKTl1pHblM np51MoyrOJlbHliKOM T04KI-1t xoropue xcrirre Bbl6paTh. 4T06bl OTKa- 3aTbCH OT Bhl60pa yarra, H3)KJ\.H1Te KJl3BHillY Shift npu utenuxe }1JlJ-1 ncpCMemCHJ1l1. Korna xenaevaa eepunrua Bb16paHa; HIDKMl-1TC . ..'"lCBYJO KHonKY MbIll1H na O)lHOH 1-13 TO'1eK, H neperaunrre MbIWh, LIT06bI paCT>:IHyTh CPOPMY aa Bhl6paHHhiC TO'IKI1.

Ilocne Ka)J([I.OrO ceanca paCT}DKeHHH JH1WHl1e TOLIKH yaansuorca, Ta10KC KaK 11 ¢opMhl C HYJlCBOW nnouuuu.ro.

nepeMew;eHl-te npoaO.Q,HMKOB

l{To6bI nepeueuiars BLl6pam'lble ¢OPMbI1 HaJKMHTe na HHX JleBoi1 KHonKO.i1 J.lbJll1l-1, neperaunrre MbIWbJO.

jL151 KOfll1pOBaHH51 Bbl6paHHbIX ¢OPM B 6y¢ep, BbInOJIHI··1Te KOMaH.uy Edit> Copy. 4T06bl crpcsan, xacrt, npOBO,.!l.HHKa H nepcwccrurs ero B 6y¢ep, BbI6epl1Te xosraaJJ,y Edit > Cut.

1·-lTo6hl BCTaBHTb I3h16paHHbJe o6beKTbI H3 6ytjlepa o611-'1eHa u npoexr, Bbl6epHTe KOMaHAY Edit> Paste. 06bCKThi 113 6y¢cpa o6McHa Moryl' BCTaB.J1RTbC51 B TOT )Ke CaMbJH UJlW B ,npyroM nOKYMeHT roro )Ke runa.

48

F.A.QOQ 2. PeiJaKmop mOIW .. W2UU Eft.-fSight

Ilocne Bw60pa Edit> Paste, oObeKThllL1H BCTIH3KH nmmJUHOTCH B TOI..jKe~ nO~IelJ.eHHO~\ KYPCOPOM. )J,JU! Y.1I.&lel·nUI Bb16paHHbIX $oPM BhIDO.J1HHiOT KOM8IillY Edit> Delete.

YTo6bl BbInOJ1Hl1Tb epauieuae Bh16paHllblx 06beKTOB~ ncrtonsayare KOMaHllY Draw> Rotate. Ha)f(MI1Te nenyio KHonKY B re-nee spauienu», 3aTCM neperauiare MhIWh> 4T06bJ onpenenars yron noaopora, 11 oTnYCTt1Te ee. 111111 meJ1KlH1Te npasori xnortxon MbllUH ria aepiuaxe BbI6pUHH0J1 cPOPMbJ~ 11 13 nOHBHBweMCf) MeHlO aanvcnrre KOMaH,UY Rotate.

)11H aepxansaoro OTpa)KeHH51 Bbl5pal!HhlX 06be!<TOB BbtnOJHIl-1Te KOl\.WH.1lY Draw> Flip. HmKMHTe J1eBYlO KHOI'IKY MbllllM B YCTaHO!.l..'IeHl-!Ot'! TOlJKC OTHQCKTe.rlhHO lUUUlH OTpmKCIUH1, 3aTeM neperaunrre MblWb~ 'IT06bl 0003H3lHfTb rop~·IJOHTa.;lhHy}Q 1-L1H nepTHKa.lbHY!O OCb OTpaJKeHHH.

Bbl6paHHbIe 06beKThi MOryr nepesteurarsca na npyrue ypOBHH (CJ10H) nO,ILHO;KKH no KOMaH.Ue Draw> Move Up One Layer J..-L1B Draw> Move Down One Layer.

npt.4BH3Ka npOBOA!j:i~eH q,OPMbl K cerxe

4T06h! npHB}133Tb J1HHIU1 11 YJ.;1hI npoeonsure» CPOPMhl K ccrxe, Bbl5epHTe KOM3Hn.y Draw> Snap Shape.

Y311bl ceTOK

1.1ro6bl caenars npl1Bfl3KY npOBOlIHI1Ka K cerxe, xorna ceTKU J.13MeHeH3, BblDOnHI1Te KOMfiH,ll.Y Draw > Grid Snap.

Pe)f(liIM cproronansaoro 'fepqeHliIR

Koaauaa Draw> Orthogonal orpaau-ursaer npoaeneaue m1HWI1 opTOrOH3.;lhHh!Ml1 Han pao.l1eHHgMH.

M3MepeHHe paCCTOQHMSI

"i roo bl 113MepHTb paCCTORHHe B 2D peJKI1Me, Bw6epllTe B MeHlO KOMaH.UY Draw> Measure, a sareu Hmf{MlUe nesyio KHonKY MblWH B Ha~ta}lbHO~ TO'1Ke H3Mep,S3:e~ MOi1 JI11HHH. Ileperaunrre MhlWh, 1.J.T06hl paCT.H.HyTh .!H{HeMKY 11 H3MepHTh paCCTO}1Hl1e.

2.5~ PeKBM3HTblnpOBOAH~KOB

XapaKTepHCT~KHMaTep"anOB

,UJUI xaxnoro npOBOLI.HHKa B rparpe Material Conductor (MaTepml.J1 npOBO)l.HI1Ka) YKa3hJBaIOTC~ norepn B HeM. Ilpoexr MO)l(eT HMCTb HeCKo.,lbKO 06beKTOB Material Conductor. XapaKTepHcTMKH npOBO.D.51WJ1X srarepeanoa npaaeneust B Ta6JI. 2.2.

Ta6.nut(a 2.2. npoeoouMocmu Mamepuanoe

1

6,14 x W7

Silver (cepecpo)

Copper (Me.:1h)

5,88 x 107

Aluminum (anlOMHHHI1) 3,53 x I{Ji ~

.------~-~-----------~

J,m,l _N""'k_k .... e=l _(I_m~K_e;_tl .... b)"""""' ....... ""' I ,47 x 107

Pexeusumu llP0600HUK08

4T06b! J13MeHI1Tb cneu,I1<pHK3W11O M3Tepl1arra 11..111 peKBli3HTbl npOBOAHl1Ka, Bb16epnre era, a 3aTeM BhJnOJlHI-1Te KOMaHll,Y Draw> Edit Shape Props 11)151 pe)J,aKTHpOBaHH.H (czienaare npauun me}140K na q)OpMe! 11 3UTeM 113 ncrtnsmaiouiero MeHJO nufiepirre CTPOKY Edit Shape Props, nocne -rero nOSlBHTCH zuranor pHC. 2.9). KaiK,lJ,bIM MaTepHaJI ll.OJDKeH HMeTb YHJ.1KaJ1bHOe I1MH. 3.'leKTpWIeCKJ.1e peK13H3HTbl npOBOllHMKOB MOryT WMeTb 3JleKTpWleCKl1e napaaerpu H.nI-1 qHl3HtIeCKl1C napauerpu MaTepl1a.l1a. Onl1CaHHe .llBYX MeronOB JlaHO )"IJ.DKC.

r,:;J'~ COl1~uclor M~teri:lli;

1,··0 J!~J~t»:li{~~X~;m~3&$.tt.~_M.:):,~fiUi~};

i,,· 0 t~~ ce IRdc=O.0Xl47eZS7. t..rl=2,S~likW)) ;" .. 0 o"'"g" Ply (Rdc=SO, :ati"O)

i,"'V rmm Conductor

PHC. 2.9. )J,1-1aJ10r 3<lAni'lH~ napaaerpoa ~laTepl1<UJOB, I1cnO .. 'lh3YCMbIX B npoexre

3JleKTpHQeCKHe napaaerpu, Ccnporunneuae npononnuxa nOCTOHHHOMY lOKY (OM Ha xaaapar) onpeae.tsercn no ¢opMyJ1e

=-)

at

(2.1)

r,u,e cr - npOBO,Ll,MMOCTh npOBO.n,HI-1Ka) t - ero TOJllll)1Ha ..

K03¢1¢l111,YleHT BbICOKO~JaCTOTHbIX noreps High frequency loss coefficient onpenenner norepa npOBOllHMKa ua -raciurax, cue TOJ1w,I1Ha npOBO,llHI-1Ka 3H3YHTeJIbHO fionsure, yeM rny611Ha nouepxnocrnoro CJ1Q!;1. TaK KaK norepn, CBH3aHHhle co CKl1H-:3<PweKToMj nponopunouansnu KBaupaTHOMY KOPHI0 -iacroru, K03cPQH1uweHT rroreps Lrry611Hhl nosepXHOCTJ--IOrO CJI05I. YMHO)KaeTCH na KI3a,n,paTHhJJ1 xopeus l.IaCTOTb! f K03¢:¢>!1Ll)1eHT BblCOKOyaCTOTHbIX noreps:

(2 .. 2)

Ha HI--I3KHX '-laCTOTaX conpornnneaue RDC J1Cn0J1h3yeTc5I npu ouenxe noreps npo- 130,D,HI-1Kal B TO BpeM51. KaK )-IU BhlCOKHX xacro'rax ,UJUI oueuxn noreps MCITQ]]h3yeTC.l1 RHF• Ilpi: pac-rere na eBl.{ (43CTOTax, rne rny611Ha TIOBepXI-IOCTHOro CJlOJl 6J1I13Ka K TOJ1lll,HHe npOBOAHI1Ka) yt{I1TbIBillOTC5I o6a qJaKTopa.

fIOBepXHOCTHoe peaxrnuuoe COnpOTMBJleHl1e Excess surface reactance (nosepxuoCTH bl:t1: peaxrauc) VI en OJ] h3yeTCJI! 1-lTo6bl Mo.n:e_T"] J.1 posars peaKTl1BHOe COnpOT1-1BJleH Me, CB513aHHOe co caepxnpoeozursrocrsro. ,Un.l1 06blYHbiX n.POBOll.HMKOB OHO He McnO.1h3yeTCH.

49

50

Isaea 2. PeiJaKmop monOA02UU EMSight

AnbTepHaTHBHbfH (11 60.1ee npocroii) MeTO,.!], onpeneneuas 3}leKTpHQeCKHX napaMeTpOB MaTepHMOB COCTDl1T B TOM, QTo6bJ BBO,!],H.Tb HX KaK napaxerpu MaTepHaJ10B 11 I1Cf10J1b30BaTb EMSight nna n01!y':leH~-U1 J.1X 3JTeKTpl1lfeCKl1X rtapauerpon. lJ.To6b[ T04HO onpencmm, napaverpu MaTepHaJIOB, )l,OJDKHbI' 6blTb orrpeneneruz TOJ1w.MHa 11 npononaMOCTb npOBOAHHKa.

DOTepH, Bb1':lHCneHHhle ua ocnose napaxerpon MaTepH3J.lOB, npHCBaJ.1BaIOTCH l:i.n.eaJ1hHOMY npOBO)J,HYlKy. ITpM.MeCH H tuepoxonarocrs nOBepXHOCTH HMeJOT TeH,II,eHlJ,HlO )l,eJlaTh H3MepJ.[eMhle norepn HeCKOJlbKO auure, 1.J:eM Mo,n,enllpyeMbIe norepsr. O,UI1H cnoco6 Ll)l51 cornaconanas COCTOMT B YMeHblIleHHM npOBOll.HMOCTll (06hIllHO Ha 10-20 %) npOBO,1J:HHKa, TaK qTO Mone;HfpyeMbre norepn comaCYlOTCH 6oJ1ee 6Jll13KO C 113MCpJleMbIMI1 nOTep51MH. 113MepeHHble norepn JH1HI1H nepena-nt xoryr 6blTh npneeneuu K MO)lem1pyeMbIM J],aHHbIM TOM. :IKe C3MOH: J1I1HMH, HTepau.HOHHO perymrpya «3cPQJeKTHBHYlO» npOBOAJ.1MOCTb npOBO,U,Hl1Ka. 31)' «J],ei1cTBHTeJlbHYlO,) (<<3$¢eKTHBHYIO») npOEO~I1MOCTb MO)KHO 3aTeM acnonssoaart, BMeCTO M.n.eaJ1bHOM npOBO,1J,I1MOCTI1 )])151 npOBO,LLHI1Ka.

2.6. nepeMbl~KM

nepeMbl'1Kl1 Via HCnOJIb3YlOTCH ,ll.J1f.1 Me)l{COelJ,HHeHlUI nponOLlJI.JJ.J,I1X cpOpl\[ Ha pa3~ mly.HhlX cnosx, 11 LlJUI noncoennueuau npoBo,UHI1KOB K HI1)KHeMY 11 BepXHeMY C/lO~M. THf!l1tIHa51 nepeuuuxa, HCnOJlh3yeMa.fl ,[l,.I1H no.nKJ1lOy.emHl Jll1HI1il K HH)K.HeMY CJlOlO, nOKa3hlBaeTCH. HlDK.e cnena. Ilepeausxa, I1CnOJlb3yeM8n .nJUl. coe,n,HHeHJ.HI npOBO,llHI1KOB na pa3JlH1..!HblX CJlOHX~ nOKa3hIBaeTCH HH)Ke cnpasa (puc. 2.10).

PHC. 2.10. PaCnOJlQ)KCHl1e rtepesuruex

Ao6aaneHlr1e nepeMbl'ieK

III Ilepeasrsxa, COeAI1HHlOlll,aH ziaa cnoa, scerna Im'1UHaeTC}l OT eepxnero CJI051 BH11.3. 1.J:To6bl .uo6asHTh nepeMh14KY, caasana aKTJ1B11311pylOT BepXHJ.IH C}lOH, BbI6MpaSi 3aKJ1a,.rJ,KY CJIOeB. 3aTeM Bb16l1palOT Draw > Add Via! HWKHMruJ. neayio KHonKY MbJllll1, neperacxaeaicr MhllJlb~ QTo6bl Hapl1COBaTb npflMoyroJ1bHHK (puc. 2.11). TaKM!'.t o6pa- 30M, aa CJIoe pHcyeTC5I q.opMa~ B anne np~MO)TOJIbHJ-IKa~ KOTopaH 5IBJlJleTCR. Ce'-IeHl1eM nepeMbILJKH .

. KaK TOJ1hKO rrepeuusxa nnezreua, MO)KHO orpenaxrapoaars npllcoeJ],I1HeHHhIH K HeM np060J],Hl1K. Ilepexua-rxa AOJDKHa I1MeTh WJ1pl1HY He MeHee paaxiepa O,!],HOH .Hl.J:eMKH CeTKl1 )J,eneHl1JI. )l,.nl1H3 rrepeMb14Kli paaua TOJ1ll1.J1He Jl.H3JleKTpW:leCKoro CJ1Q.lL ECJ1H ne-

Ilopmu

Ce"leHVle Via

PHC. 2. 11. BKJ!IOl(eUlie nepeMhl4eK

peMbiy.Ka coenMHJH!T nponoaaaxa 6o.1hlUe. '-{eM Qepe3 OJJ1H cnoa, nepeMhl4KH PHCYIOTCH ceepxy xaxaoro llH3.neKTpMY:eCKOro c..10~I, -tepes KOTOPbIH .aonxaa npOMTl1 ncpevuxxa. BepXH5UI J.1 HM%HJHl: rpauuua ITepCMbIY:KH 3aMblK3KJT npononaunre ¢OPMbJ KaK 06hlQHhie rVIOCKHe npoBO;J,HHKH_~ TaX I.J:TO ner Heo6xo!U1MOCTH HaK.'1rul.blBaTb coenmonolillif1 n~13HapHblH. npOB0J1HI1K. TOK, KOTOPb1l1 H3.eT -repea nepexnr-ucy, MO.J,.e.:lHpyeTC}l K3K Oll.HOPOllHO HanpaB.llCHHb.lJ1 06beMHblf1 TOK. O.il.HO H3 npennoaozceuati, Tpe6yeMhlx Jl.J1H MO,!l.eJlJ1pOBaHlUI nepel\·lblYKI1 - TO, 4.1'0 ,rr,...111H3 nepel\.·lhIl1KH (paaaaa To .. ll.U,MHe J],M3,1eKTpaxecxoro CJI05I) xopose .illll1HbI BOJ1HhL ECJ1l1 reOMeTplHl: CTpyKTYPhl no ... ny-raerca 'raxax, '-ITO .ll.JH1Ha nepeMbJl!KH crana C0113MepJ1Ma C .Il,J111:HOti BOl.!HbI, T9 no,uJIO)KKa MO)l{eT 6blTb pa361-'ITa aa ornensnue <t6oJIee KOpOTKl1e» CJlOI1 rax, ~ITO nepesiu-nca 6y,rr,eT COCTOSITb 113 OT.1leJIbHh!X fionee KOPOTKliX nepeusr-rex, nOMemeHHblX B CTblK npyr K npyry.

2 .. 7" nOpTbl

nOpThl - 3TO .ase K..1eMMhI, xoropue HcnO.1h3Yl0TC51 ,ILlS! Mo.ae.,1nposam-fSI BBO)la CBY MOlll.HOCTl1 B CTPYKTYPY 11 suaona ee M3 CTPYKTyphL <Du3wIecKH nopr npeacraeJHleT C060H MCTO'lHHK lianp§DKeHHJ;J) KOTOPbIM B036Y;K,llaeT TOK B CTpYKType. TOK aaxoLU1TC5J. B pe3YJ1bTaTe MO)l,e.fmpOBaHI1H. no BbP1HCJleHHhlM TOKaM 3aTCM MOryr 6hlTb Hat1- nens: J1HHeHHhie naparaerpsr (MHoroMolloBble Svnapauerpu 11 np.).

EMSight WMeeT rpM llM;::J:a noproa: noprsr na xparo, noprsr ncpextsrrex If BHyrPCHHMe nopru, Bee THI1b1 nopros Tpe6YlOTl ~JT06hI 6b1J! oupeztenen nyrs K 3eMJI.HHOH unare. El\1Sight .1:l;OnycKue-r HeorpaHJ.1I..J.CHHOe l·Hi.C.HO noproa, :a Ko:o.16uHaUJ151 pa3.HW-I.HbIX nmOB nopros Moxer HcnO.1h30aaTbC}! B EM C1"PYKTYpe. Haaoonee qaCTO I1cnO.i1h3Y!OTC.H nopru Ba xpaio.

Ao6aaneHHe noproa Ha xpaso

Ilopr Ha xpaio ucerna coeaaneu c npOBOLI,HMKOl\-f rax, 'lTO ecnu nanpaanemre CTOPOHbl nepexieuiaerca, nopri.r .!l,Bl1)KYTC~ BMeCTe C HMMJ1. TIOPT MO)J(eT 6blTb ,IT,05aBJleH TOJlhKO K ToM: CTopOHe nposoznunca, xoropaa cosueurena c rpaHJ.1UeD. nO)JJlO)KKM,

4T06hl np116aBHTb nopr 11a xpaio, Bbl,LJ,eJU1Te npOBO;J,Hl1K 11 BbI6epHTC KOMaHtJ.y Draw> Add Edge Port. nOMeCTl1TC MhlWb na TO peopo, rne HY)({HO )l,06aBHTh nopr. ECJll1 3TO MO:iKHO cnenari, B .n.aHHOM MeCTe~ cropoua 6Y~'1eT BhICBe4eHat 11 nOflBMTCH 3HatIOK nopra. HaJK.,_'vane .'leBOM KHonKoH MhHlH1; \lT06bl C03naTb nopr,

ITPI1 ycraaosxe nopros, nysrepauax Ha3HaQaeTCJ! aSTOl-i.aTJi'-IeCKH. Hoxsepa n0p70B yBe~"1Hl-l H BaIDTC.SJ B nopaaxe, B KOTOPOM OHlf .u;o5aBJVI.]{)TC£ K crpyxrype (pHC. 2.12). l.J.To6bl H3MeHHTh HOMep nopra, yaannre rtopr, H .u06aSbTe ero CHOB3..

51

52

£WSQ 2. PeUaKm0p mOIlOJl()ZUU EM Sight

PHC. 2.12. Ilopr loom. xpaio MeTa."L1H1ICCKOH $oPMbl

YCTaHOBKa onopassx nnocxocrea

4T06h! nepesrecnrre onopnyio ITJlOCKOCTh, Bw6epHTe nopr, HIDKMlne ua onopuyio ruIOCKOCTb R KOHue CTpeJ1KH~ H neperaunrre ee MblWhlO. ECJB{ crpenxa He BM.!IJIMa, TO onopnaa IL'lOCKOCTb cosnanaer C xpaexr, a nepeaeuienne H3,\femU onopnyio nnocKOCTh, '{TO rrpossarca D Bl-tBe TO~lCTm1 l.£epl-lOH "lHHHH (pHC. 2.13). 3aMen1:M1 '-ITO eCJlH 6oJIhlile, 4eM ODJtH nopr HUXO,;urrC.H ua O.lHOM xpae xopnyca, Bee onopuue nnOCKOCTH AIlSl noproa 6y.nyr M3MeHHTbC.H o.uronpeaeuao.

Puc. 2.13. nCpeMemewfe onopaoa OJIOCKOCTI1 ne-repaernaaunn

YCT8HOBKa Bos6y>KA_eHHSI Ha noPTY MIlH HarpY3Ke

Bb14.HCJIeHHhle napauerpu crpyxrypst He 3aBJiCHT or conporuuneaxs rexeparopa JUIU HarpY30K aa noprax. OnHaKO paCC411TaHHaJI. fL10THOCTh TOKa~ KOTOPru:I J1CnOJlb3yeTCJl ,ll)lH ax I1MaUl1 H Ii Bl13YaJlH3aUHl-1, 38SHCHT or B036yxaeHluI aa noprax H aarpysox. lITo6hl yCT3HOBMTb BOJ6)')KlleHl-1e Hm·1 HarpY3KY nopra, HaJKMHTe .mm pasa MblWblO na noprc, t:lTo6b1 ausecra OKHO arpafiyron nopra (pHC. 2.14),

Y.T06hl no.nKJIIO\HiTb K nopry reaeparop HJlH HarpY3KY;, Hy')KHO Bbl6pan. nOT nopr, Ilpa B036Y)KlleHHH HY)KHO YCTaHOBHTb OTHOCHTe:1bHblH YP0BeHb MOlllHOCT1-t l1 rpaay B036Y)K.lJ_eHM51. D)1Jl. om1CaHH7l: HarpY3KH Heo6XO..ll-1MO aanars ee axmsaoe H peaxrusaoe COnpOTI1B..1eHHe. Cnoco6HOCTb pacc-nrrsmart, TOKU B crpyxrype C HarpY3Kat-.·111 Ha nopTaX noanonner c nOMOWbiO amn,.tal.u·m ncxaausars BO.llHbl, nepeueiuaioumecn sepea CTpyKTYPY·

Ilepe.iJfblI(KI1~nOpmbl

hie. 2. J 4. YCT8.HOBJrCI-IIiC aTIHI6Yl'oIJ [lOPTa .KaK reueparopa

2 .. 8. nepeMbl"lKM .. rtop'rss

Ao6asneHHe nOpTOBbJX nepeMbll.JeK

nepeMbF-IKH-nOpThl n01l.06HbI nopra» na KPi.UO, B KOTOPblX OHM CB~3aHhl c rpaaaueti EM xopnyca. Jlepeausxn-nopru HCnOJlb3YIOTCS!, '-J:T06b! COe.1U1HHTh llHO xopnyca H EM crPYKTYPY. 3TH nepeMb14Klt-nOpThl HcnO:1h3YIDTCSI JJ)lH C03LlaHlHI 30H,Aa B036y.JK.aeHHH. KaK nOKa33HO, nanpnuep, ;L1H mocxon aI-lTeHHhl na pHC. 2.15.

PHC. 2,15. Y CTaHOBKa nepe:o.IlA'IIOI Hil yrny iL1OCKOCTH

nepeMbPiKa-nopT C03JJ,aCTC.H nonotino nepevru-uce B oraepcrtnr. l..JTo6hI no6asHTh nepesiu-ncy-nopr, Bb16apaiOT KOMaH.il:Y Draw> Add Via Port. flOMeCTl1Te xypcop na npoeozuurx, rae neofixonavo nOCTaBHTb nopr, 11 HIDKMI1Te .neayio KHOI1KY MhlllH1, 4TOw 6w C03.J.,aTh nepeMhl~KY. ECJlM TOJlbKO '-ITO C03::taHHblH nopr nepeMbHKM HY.~HO M3MeHI1Tb, ,J,BIDKll.bl meJ1KHHTC KYPCOpOM na nepewsmxe.

Ilocne OTnYCKaHlUi xypccpa. HYMepau,HJl nopron BbIIlOJ1I-B1TCR aSTOMaTHLJeCKI1.

Howepa noproa YBem1tH1B3IOTCSl. B rropanse, B KOTOpOM OHM .l106aSJUVlHCb K CTpYKTYpe. YTo6hl 113MeHHTb HOMep nopra, Y.ll.aJlHTC nopr 11 ncraasrc ero otiparno,

2.9. BHYTpeHHllle nopTbl

BHYTpeHHHe noprsi H~H16o;1ee C~10)KHble 113 nopros 'rpex rnnos, H ,1l,O}llKHhI YCTaIIaBJlHBaTbCS; npaaunsno. HCDOJIb30BaHMe BH~'TpeHHHX nopros rpefiyer xopourero 00- HHMa~Hm cnocotioa I-fX pea'U1Ja!..U1H H KOHuenUHH noxansuoii (nnasarouieri) onopuoji

53

54

Tsaea 2. PeiJaKmop monOA02UU EMSight

3eMJ1H. Svnaparaerpu, nony-reauue B pesynsrare MO.!l,em1po BaH 11 H, opt! KOTOPOM ncnoJlb3ylOTCH nnyrpexane nopru - He 06hl4Hbie Svrrapavrerpu,

np"Mep BHYTpeHHero nopra

CneAylOl.UHJ1 npi1Mep nO£CHJIeT acnonssoaaune BHyrpeHHl1X 1"10PT03. )lJ151 HCnOJlb- 30BaHlUl. BHYTpeHHI1X nopros .IT,OJDKHbl i1MeTbC1J. nsa MHoroyroJlbHI1Ka, CMe)!(Hble npyr .n,pyry, KaK nOKa3aHO na puc. 2.16. BHyrpeHHI-1I1 nopr 6Y.!l,eT )106aIlneH Me)KJ1.y .LI:ByM5J Ml'iQroyroJIhHHKaMI1, xoropue conpHKaCaJOTC5I npyr c npyrox.

PJ1C. 2.l6. COnpl1KOCHOBem1e .nnyx MHOrOnOJIIOCHHKOB

4To6bl npW6aSl1Th BHyrpeHHl1l1 nopr, Bhl,ue.J1!.1Te MHoroyrOJlhHl1K, KOTOPb1l1 .ll.OJI)KeH I1MeTb OTpl1UaTeJlbHbIH BblBOA Ll,JHl BHYTpeHHero nopra, 3aTeM Bb16epl1Te xouanny Draw> Add Internal Port 113 MeHlO, Ilepesrecnrre Mhlillb H3 Kpai1 MHoroyrOJlhHl1Kal rne HY)KHO nOCTaBI1Tb !1 OpT , 11 eCJU1 YCTaHOBl1Tb era paspeuraerca, TO CTopOHa 6Y,1leT non-

___ ~~~ .u.u~~ __

PHC. 2.17. 06paJOBaHI1e anyrpeanero nopra

lJpUMep C010allUR U aHlVIU3a )WUKpOnO.1.0CK.OBOZO ¢lL1bmpa

cne-reua, 11 n05IBHTCR nepapxn-recxan CTpYKTypa nopra. Ha}K!lH1Te .nenyio KHOITKY MhJI.llH1 y.Tofihl C03113Th nopr. DO.nO)KHTeJlhHh!fi nuson BHYIpeHHero nopra n05IBMTCH CO 3HaKOM <l+» KaK nOKa3aHO na puc. 2.17.

Ba)KHo, 4TO na KaJK.D,OM CTOPOI-l:e BH}'Tj'JeHHero rropra JlO~1)KeH f!OHBHTbCH Jlr1Horo .. yrom.unx. EMSight He npoaepaer npanarn.uo JTH YCT3HOB.'leH BHyrpeHHMI1 nopr, TaK lITO aHa.JlH3 Gy.ner scerna Db1flO;lH51TbCH; HO pe3ym:.TaTbt MOfyr 6blTh OUIl160'i1'lblMH~ ecnu BHyrpeHHl1ii nopr yCT'J.HOBJICH neecpuo.

Teneps, xorna Mbl n03HaKOMJ.1}1HCh C OCHOBH-hlMIi 3JleMtHTaMH EM-CTpyKTYPhI; paCCMOTpHM npaxrep COJ,uam·m :11 aH<L1H3a }.H1KpOnO_!]OCKOBOro It:nL'lhTpa.

2.1 o. np~Mep C03AaHMSI l-1 auanaaa MIiIKpononOCKOBoro $l1nbTpa

3TOT npl1Mep nOK2)KeT cnenyiounre oncpauuu:

• C03.J,aHHe HOBOi1 EM CTpyKTYPh!;

• 334,aHI1C paasiepon xopnyca;

• 3an..aHHe napaxierpon no.rtJjO)KKH;

• -repueu l1e TOnOJlOrJ.1J1;

• MO.1leJH1pOBaHHe nepeMhPieK;

• aaaanne noproa 11 _1HHMM HCK}ilOyeHU»;

• MO,iJ,e;mpOBaHl-1e1 npocssorp il.10THOCTI1 TOK::l 11 anexrpn-recxoro nO-,15L

2.10~ 1. C03AaHMe EM CTPYKTYPbJ

Ilns C03.ll.aHiUI nosoro npoexra: i, BblOepttTE File > New Project.

2. Bsifiepare File> Save Project As. n051BI1TCH znranor Save As.

3. Hanevaraare MM_H npoexra (HanpHMep; «EM_example»-)~ M Ha)K\Une Save.

C031IaHJ.te HOBOI1 EM crpyxrypst:

1. Bb16epHTe Project > Add EM Structure > New E1\l Structure.

2. Hanevaratrre «Interdigital Filter» M Ha.IKMI1TC OK. B pa60tleM OKHe MWO n02BJHIeTCSl OKHO EM CTPYKTyphl (puc, 2.18).

3aMeTlD-11 Y.TO EMSight ncnomoyer npavoyronsuyio ceTKY ana onpeneneuns CTPYKTYp. Hnorna ssironao HCnO:lb30BaTb HepaSHOMepHYIO ceTKY, 3TO nacr 6o .. nee 6hlCTPbU'1 npouecc MO.ll.e.rmpOBaHlUI (06bI4HO 6e3 yxyzuueruu; TOQHOCTH).

2.10.2. 3aAaHHe xopnyca

Kopnyc 3MaeT MaTepHa.rr nnn scex cnoen B EM-CTPYKType, YCTaHSBJU-1BaeT rpaHJ-f4- Hble YCJ10BlHI J.1 onpenenaer o6ll1.Jtll1 paaxrep crpyxryps: 11 pa3611eHI-1H na ceTKH, xoropuc 6y.D.}'T J.1CnQ}:!h30BaThCa .an}! cnem!qmKawU1 MaTepMaJ1a npOBO;:!"HHKOB B CTpYKType. '4To6hI aanars xopnyc:

l. Ha)!(MHTe ana pasa aa Enclosure noll. Integrade Filter B nepese npoexra. TIOR!l.1Rercs DJ.1aJIOr HH¢opMallH~1 0 nO}l..JJ:O)KKe (pHC. 2.19),

2. Bufiepare Metric B KalIeCTBe e,.!l,HHHU Units, 11 3aTeM npOKPYTI-1Te crpe . .'IKy H Bbl- 6epl1Te mm.

55

56

Fsaea 2. PeiJaK11wp mOItO.'UUllU EMSight

D~t~file~ Sj'$tem Diagr6I!U

. Cicw~ScMm~i;;s

C~"frifI EM Suucture~

: @ .. ~ Condt.t<:tOlNat~ilIl~ ! 8·l§jlr1terdiJjJ:al fil~r

.: :._.§I Encl=~

: i. .. ®Jfif~

!_§ 1J;.tW.Fi~~· ! .. §Gf~h~

:!Q:l Optrniw S~ : ~~ YiekHio.M

; 90~f'k.

l±l fi! 'l>liutrd.!. ~·fJ:;~

.. =:",.,','_. ;',

,

' ..

Puc. 2.18. C0311JHHC HOOOfO upocxra E1\-1_example

PMC_ 2.19. 3a;:aHue paswepoa xopnyca j{ CeTKU ile.1ieHIUI 110 KOOPilHH2TaM

3, B paanene Box Dimensions; snesaranre «I OJ,> KaK X Dimension, aanexaraare

«50» B XvDivision, HaneLI3TaiiTe «10» KaK YsDimension. H «50» K3K YvDivision.

1JJl5l on penene H H51 IH13J1C KTpHt.{eCKHX C.'10eS:

4. OrKPOHTe 3aK.-1MKy Dielectric Layers a nuanore Substrate Information (pHC. 2.20) 5+ Bw:6epl1Te Layer 1 B pasaeae Dielectric Layer Parameters. Hane-raraiire «3;lJ. B

60Kce penaxrupoaaana (BHH3Y,iumrlOra) B KonOHKC Thickness i1 uane-raraare «I» B 60Kce pe.aaKTMpOBaHH5f BHH3Y KonOHKH «er», OCTaBbTe 3Ha'1eHH.H no YMOJt~la~ mHO B llDYniX xonomcax,

Ilpuuep cosoaxun U aHlJ.JlU3a MU«pOnO/IOCKOBOlO tjJU/lunpa

3a.M€ztOnU.fl. MOOeJWp06GHUe 8bl110AWWmCJI B oea p030 6b1cmpee, ecnu nOOAOJICKU 6e3 nomepu .. TaKUM 06pa30M, ycmauoeume Loss Tangent=O U UCIIOAb3yume u uiieanutue npoeoouuocmu ecex uemoiuuzauuis u nepeuusex B EM-cmpYKmype.

6. Bh16epHTe Layer 2 B pasnene Dielectric Layer Parameters. Haneuarairre «0.635» B KO.J10HKe Thickness (puc. 2.20) H aaneuaraare «9.8» B 60Kce pe,UaKTHpOBaHMR BHii3y K0J10HKH «er-, Hanesarairre «0.001» B 60Kce pe.uaKTMpoBaHIUI Loss Tangent» «4'» B 6JlOKe HH)Ke B KO}:!OHKe View Scale (3TO pacurnpaer 3D sna .J...1H enos B yeThlpC pasa no cpanueruuo c ero HOPMaJlbHOi:j: TOJ1lll.I1HOi1).

Puc. 2.20. 3Mal-Hle napaverpos ,Uj.D .. TIeKr:pHtteCKHX CJlOeB

fpanwmble YC,,10BlUl llJU!. CTeHOK xopnyca no YMo.n~wHl1lO HBJJJHOTCR l1,1l.eaJIhHhIMM npOBo,n,HMKaMI1 Perfect conductor, W MOryr H3MeH}(TbC5l:. rpaHJ1,-{Hwe YCJ!OBM5l MH sepxa 11 .aua xopnyca HMelOT rpauu-mue yC_!}OBlHI no yMo...fj~laHMJO, HO H OHM MOryr 6blTb H1MeHeHt-A no )Ke.1aHmo.

Jl;IH npOCMOTpa 11 MO,ll,I1~I1KallWI1 rpaHWIHhIX YCJlOBWt1:

l. Orxpojire 32KmlLlKY Boundaries B !U1aJ10re Substrate Information. 3aTeM Ha~U1re OK )J.Jm OKOH1.JaHHH npouenypsr 3a.uaHlHi rpaH.HYHhlX YCJlOBKM. (pI1C, 2.21).

PHC. 2.21. fpaHH4Hbre yCJ!O!UH!

57

58

£IaOQ 2. Pedaxmop monosoeuu EMSight

2" 10,,4. Jlo6asneHKe npOBOAHMKOB K Tonononut

BM MO)KeTe HcnO."'1b30BaTb EM MOlle.:l.HTOp MWO )lJIH PHCOB3HYI5I ¢:H3H4eCKOHcrpyxrypsr, a MO)KCTe HMnopn1posaTh CTpyKTypy uenocpencreeuao ).13 rono.roraaecxoro peuaxropa AWR J.1JIH HMnOpTl1pOnaTh ¢OPMLI H3 ¢ai-L'lOB AutoCAD; DXF, GOSH H.!lM Sonnet GEO. B llalU!OM npuMcpe Bbl aapucycre <pH3H4ecKYIO reno .. nonno I1CnOJ1b- 3y51 Mo;re .. l.HTOp EM.

1. Buoeprrre Draw > Add Reef Conductor .a':l51 n06aa"'leHHH npswovronsuoro npoDO.Ll.HHKa.

2. Cll,BI-1HbTe KYPCOP B OKHO ¢HJlbTpa If Ha)f(Ml1TC I(.}JaiH1UJY Tab. f1o}IBMTC51 OKHO LI.113J!ora BBOna KOOpil.J1HaT Enter Coordinates (puc. 2.22) .

..

.. . ... -_ ..

... , .. , ...

. ,. . .... . , .. ,.,." .,.,.,.

"','. .,.,"', .

. ,', .. , .

PHC. 2.22. Haxano pI-:ICOaaHHSl: iOnOJlOrHi1 c nououuso seona xoopnanar

3. Hanevaraiire <1.0» B KaqeCTBC Be.l1W1HHhI x H «2.2» KaK Be.'lj.llU1Hhl y~ H K.nHKHlue OK.

4. HIDKMJ-1Te KJJaBHillY Tab cuosa, t:IT06h[ YBH,n,eTb .!lJlaJIOr Enter Coordi nates. OTMeThm Te Re H nanesaraare «2.2» KaK BeJIM4J1HY dx, :H *0.6» KaK BeJUPU1HY dy, 11 3aTeM Knl1KHI1Te OK. TIpHMoyrom)HbIll npOBo.n,HI1K 6Y1l.er HMeTh BHA KaK ua pJ1C. 2.23.

lh06bl xapnconars BTOpoi1 npm,wyro.'1bHhlH npoBOll,HIHC

5. BbI6epHTe Draw> Add Reet Conductor.

6. C.!J,BllHbTe KYPCOP B OKHO ¢HJ1bTpa 11 Ha)fO.fI1Te KJ13BHIllY Tab. flOSlBMTCR OKHO lJ.HaJ10ra ssona xcopnnnar Enter Coordinates. Bne-rarairre «4» KaK aeJ1WU1Ha x J{ «2» KaK nem1t1HHY y~ if. 3aTeM K.;1l:1KHl1Te OK.

7. Ha»::.MJITe J(JTaBilWY Tab CHOBa 4T06hl BhlBeCTH nuanor Enter Coordinates. Hanesaranre «1.2» KaK BCJu'P-lHHY dx, H 47.2"" KaK Be.1H.tHfHY dy, H 3UTeM }(.IIH.KHl1Te OK. flpHMoyrOJ1bHhiM npOBOll,HI1K 6yneT HMCTb BM,iJ, KaK H3 PI1C. 2.24.

'4T66bl CD.BMHyrb BTOPOi1: npnuoyro.n.amc K nepBOMY npOBO,U,HHKY:

8. K..,.lI1KHHTe HU BTOPOM npRMO)TOJlhHHKe. n05JB5iTCR KB3J.paniKH no yr.13M f!P~MOYTO.l bHl1Ka.

IIpu.uep C030UnWl U anasusa MUKpo'1O/IOCK060i!O fjJUAbmpa

........ _" . ... ,.,. _ ..

... , .,. , ...

~:"

.... , .,'.

' . ... .....

..

, ... " _, ..

.. . ... --_ .... ",.

_- .

-- -- -.".

. ..

... ..... , .

. . "".'" .

., .. --_ ,.", ..

.., ... , .. , .. " ..... , ... _ ... , _. -'"

. ,. .,

., .... "

Pxc. 2.23. Hapncoaaunan $-opMa np-oBO..1H~· Ka QH.'lbTpa

PM"C. 2.24 . .uBe napaccaaunue QOPMbl npoBO;J.l-UiKOH $H!lbrpa

9. Ilepenaaratrre Bh16paHHblH npoaonan«, nOM KYPCOP MMeeT BM nepeceseuaa. 3Ha~eHJ.UI dx H dy 6ynyr noxasaau B OKHej xax sa pnc, 2.25.

:1 -1 ~:TT .:T:;::;

'j ••.• ~~~ •..•.• ",._---_ ••

: ~ < -L~~~:::':::]:-:...

::cl~::}~~~'~···.·.:;· .. ::·:::·· :.:::

. !... ..n 2 ~.,- - - -

. IU: • ""V, ~ ,.,. " .. " •.. ,. - -,

_+_:L ._, "'~" .. :; ~ ~~ _~.... . ..

:!::: :~~:.::::.::;.-::.~:.:::::

-.' ~~ - .

.T": : ~~":.> : . _ . ~ ~ : : : : : y :: : :: :

,.;.~.'S:.,.--.- ... -.

~. :~~ .... '-';.-: .:": : :.::.-:

.;::: :~~""'~ <:::::: :::

,. .. :I~', ::::::.::: .

; - - - - . c".'\: - Cl • . . . . . .. . . . .

1- -- --. -- - •...••.

!" •.. --

Puc. 2.25< Cveuieaue HapHCOBaHHblX CPOPM aa CJJoe Layer 2

COBern. Hcnonssyiime KHOnJq Ruler «a UH.CmpYMeHm(1.!J.bHoi1 suueiixe ilAJl U3MepeHUJI pasuepoe npoeoosuxa, u pasuepoe cmpytcmypt» EM~mon0.J102uu.

10. Y.u.ep)f(HBa.ll KHonKY MbIlliI1, neperauurre xypcop no 'rex nop, noxa dx J.I dy 5y.nyr COOTBeTCTBOSaTh dx; - 2 H dy: -I, Ilpa OTnycKaHMH KHonKY Mhl WH n psn.myroJlhHHK npHMeT nonoxeiore, nOK33aHHoe ua pHC. 2<26.

. .. "-"""" - ,-

59

60

Tsaea 2. Peoakmop mouOAOZUU EA1Sigltt

2.10.5 .. llo6aBneHMe nepeMbll.1eK VIA

nepeMhl~JKH Via - 3TO Me)!{COe)lI1HeH(Ul Me.lK,[lY C .. "IOJtMH nO,11,.rtO)KKM. BhI MO>KCTe .n.o6aBHTh nepeMblt.[KY K 3eMJlHl'lotl nnare c O~HOH. CTOPOHbl HIm K Hl13Y MeTful.nI1QeCKOro xopnyca.

L Buoepnre Draw > Add Via.

2. CaSHHhTe KYPCOP B OKHO <pM..HbTpa J-I Ha)KMBTC K.ilaBUWY Tab. D05iBHTCH OKHO nuanora nsoza KOOPlll1H3T Enter Coordinates. Bnesaratrre «2.4» KaK BeJU1YHHY x 1I d.2» KaK Se..UflU1HY y, JaTeM KJHtKHHTe OK.

3. Ha)KMHTe KJl3BHWY Tab caoaa I..J.To6bI YBJllleTb lJ,H3;10r Enter Coordinates. Hartexaralrre «0.4» KUK BeJ1Wnmy dx, « «0.8:.> KaK BeJUPH1liY dy, 3aTe~1 KJlHKHI1Te OK. DepeMbl4Ka 6yneT noxaaaua rOJly6blM xaanparuxov .

. .. . -_. ,. --,

..

I"" _'"

...

. "., .. --

...

'" -_ ....

PHC. 2.26. YCTaHOllKa ce-iennn l1epeMb!"lJ{J.:! Via

4. Bbl6epMTe Edit > Copy; 3aTeM BhI6epnTe Edit > Paste.

5. Cn.BHHbTe Mhllllh B OKHO EM-crPYKT}'pH. n05lBJ.iTC5I sropas nepeau-rxa.

6. H3JKMlUe npasoa KHOnKOM. MblWH .ruUl. apaureans OJlHOH ncpcsuaxxa.

7. HaJKM HTe K..1'JaBMWY Tab .ful~ Bhl aoaa naanora Enter Coordinates. )leCeJ1eKTl1pyi1ru Re Jl. . .r15t BBeLt,eHW$I. a6COJIlOTHb!X KOOpj:U1HaT. Hanesaraare «2.2»- KaK BeJlH.4HHY X 11 «1.8» KaK BeJlWIHHY Y H 3areM Ha)l{Ml1Te OK.

npOCMOTP TpeXMepHoro H306pa>KeHHH

EM Mo,n,e.nHTop BbIBO)1HT 11.ByxMepHblfi. H rpexaepnuit BMb!. Yro6hl C0311aT1:, 3D BM:

1. Bbl6ep .... rre Vicw>3D View. D07rm1TcH OKHO, conepxauree TpexMepHbl11 BHll KOHCTPYKUHH.

2, Bsifiepare Wjndow>TiJe Vertical. OKHa pacnonaraiorca PJIJ10M (pHC. 2.27).

4T06b! H3~ieHliTh 31111 3D CTpyKTYPhl, K..il11KHHTC rrpaaoa KHonKOM MhUllH B 3D OKHe, 3areM BhI6ept1Te Zoom Window, Zoom Out lL'1n View All

l!Tool» apauiars 3D cTpYKTYPY; K.J1J.1KHMTe ua He}f, l1; Y.J.ep)l(}iBaH KHOTlK)' MblWMt aoamaare.

Ilpumep C03aaUUJl U UHWlU3a .MUKP0nfMOCKOBOZQ ¢UA.bmpa

::;,~~ r=:: ..... ,-- N. ... __ •••• ,_-",-- ••••• , •• ,.-- •• _.,!\,.

~ \. ' "

i \\ I ..

1_;. ''':k·t:~frI. ~~=~.~u.~~ut<l

I' M_.~ ..... - ... \. . . --- . \ ,

{' \ ! ~~ "\ .~

I:: . \r-----.-.- .. ~ .... -- .... " \~ :

'1 :f,:t: .. I:s;·'" \ :

- .~~~

,I ..- •...

1~ .:...0· .- _ .. _.-_ .. _ - - .. ~..;; ~ a s

,- _.

,.. ", .... ,

I" ,,_._.

.. - . _,.

, " , ,., .

...

. ,- . - ... ,

- - _, ... , ..

--

._. - -

. -

. - . . ..

,. , ,., " .

.. , .

..

.. - .

. ..

. - . - -_ ..

""',,' , ,

- _. -,-

, .. , .. ,' ,

2.10.6. Ao6aBneHHe noproa M nnocxocreji pa3repMeTM3aL\MH

EM Mo,UemlTOp MO::KCT 3MUTh 3 .. .-'leKTpH4eCKHe nopru Ha xpaio xopnyca (xpacssre nopru) 11 KaK npo6HHKI1~rrepeMbltIKI1, npOXOJ.lHllJ)1e CHI-13Y J1JtM or nOBepXHOCTI1 J1.Ha (nopru via). LVI}{ 3ana1UH! raxoro xpaesoro nopra:

1. Knnxuure MeHbWHH: npoB011HUK B crpyxrype EM, 3aMenfJ\l, xro npoBO;J,_H1£K ,n.,OJDKCH 6b1Th pacnO}]OJKCH T04HO no cpesy nesoro KpaH (X:O; Y:2.2)~ nepea TeM~ KaK Bbl )l,06am'1Te xpaenon nopr K

HeMy.

CoBeT. BN6epHTe View > Zoom In OJl.HH HJIH .nna pasa E,.;1Sf nysurero npoCMOTpa Bl1.ll.3.

2. Bufiepure Draw > Add Edge Port. 3, ITm.1CCTlITe KYPCOP c .nesoro Kpaf! sranensxoro npoBoLlHMKH nOK3 He n05:l0l1TC}i xnanparux, H Ha)f(Ml-ne nesyio KHOfiKY Mhl WH, ,lVIR paaucweHHH nopra. Maneasxan 60KC C HOMepOM ] (noxaaanaiouurn HOMep nopra) n051Bl1TC~ C JIeBOrO xpaa npoeonanxa (pHC. 2.28).

111ft BhHHTaHIHf (pa3repMeTH3aUl-1Ii) anexrpiorecxoa J1J1HJ1H M3 pesynsrara MOlleJHtpOSaHll!iI, pe¢epeHCHb!e n.'lOCKOCTH n..1'J~ nopra 1l.0Jl;KHbI 6bJTb CAB.l-1HYThI OT xpas xopnyca,

61

. .. ,." .. ,', .

... "., .. ,., ,'

-,.,',. , .. ,- -,.,

."."., _. -_., .. . .. , _ ..... - _ ..

- .

, ... ," .,'" _.

. - ~

"- ,.,'"

. I

Puc, 2.28. YITdH08l<a nopra C nesoro KP<b1 MHl<pOnOJiOCKOBOro <p11;lbTpa

62

DIana 2. Pei)a«mop mononoeuu EMSight

l11Jl pa3fepMennamU1. 3_1eKTp111,1eCKOM SHfHHH fulHHOt't I MM OT nopra 1:

4. H~MI1Te npanos KHonKOM MhlllH1 B OKHC EM CTPYKTypbl, H Bb!6epJHe View Area.

5. K.1.HKHI1Te Ii YLI,ep)KI1B3t:iTe KHonKY MblillH 4T06hI YS:I1.J,eTh ysc.1MQeHHblH KYpcOP,

3aTeM nporxuare KYPCOP BOKpyr TIOpTa i :t1 MaJIeHbKoro npOBOjJ,HHKa.

6. Ha)KMHTe na nopry 1. YeTblpe xsanparuxa noxaaunaior HX yrJIhl.

7. Cl1.BHHhTe Mb!llJh soxpyr Kpa51 TIOpTa nOK3 KYPCOP He nOK3)I{eT )l,BOtiHYJO crpc.rxy,

8. Kn_HKHI1Te H yaep)to-maiiTe xaaamuy MhIlllH, ~IT06bl yauaers dx If dy.

9. Ynep)KHBaHTe KHOTIKY MbIlliH, rrporauurre xypcop snpaao, noxa dx He nOKa)KCT L

Q--rnYCTI-1:TC KHOflKY MblWM Qr06bI YBH_LI,eTh ..'HHHHO paarepveruaaunn (puc. 2.29).

PHC. 2.29. Csteureane OrlOPHOi1 n.1OCKOCTH paarepvrerasaunn nopra

2. 1 0.7. 3aAaHff1e "IaCTOT MOAeJutpOBaHIo1S1

)I;m 3a.n.aHHH '-:IaCTOTbJ MO;:re.l HpoBaH1HI:

1. B nepese n poexra K.1HKHHTe npaaoa xaonxoa ua Interdigital Filter non EM Structures .1-1 BhI6epl-1Te Options. ITOJiRml:eTCa .D,HaJ1:0r Options.

2. Bufiepirre 3aKJ1an.KY Frequency Values.

3. lle.ce.!J:eKTl1pyiiTe ornnno Use Project Frequency p.lHl 3auaHHH YCTaHOBKH rn063JIhHhlX 4aCTOT nosepx YCTaHOBKJ-1 mo6albHhlX xacror upoexra.

4. Y5e,.t]J-Hech '--lTD YCT3HOB..1eHh.l e';:UUlHllbf GHz B Data Entry Units. BbJ MO)KeTe sanars r.ilo6a,1bHhle 43CTOTbi Mo;:relll-1pOSaHltR (Bb!6opOM Options> Project Options 11 !3bl6l1pan 33K..1a,Ll,KY Frequency Values). Jlyxure HCnOllb30BaTb YCTaHOBKJ1 .,10- KaJIbHhlX l.!aCTOT .!l_JUl EM CTpYKTYP.

5. Hanexaare «I» B Start 11 «5» B Stop, H «1»- B Step.

6. K..'H1KHHTe Apply 11 sareu OK. OKHO Current Range noxaasisaer zmanasoa l.!aCTOT II 4aCTOTHb!e urarn, xoropue Bhl aaaana (pHC. 2.30).

DpllMep C030aUUR U QHllAU3Q MU1CP01lO.!lOCKOBfJZO rjlUJlbmpa

3anYCK MOAen~poBaHMR

EM MO'uCJUITOP QtJeHb 6h1crpo peuraer He6oJlhLUJ.1e aaaasn. 1..JTo6bl HatiTH pe30HaHCHYIO 1..!3CT01'Y <pllnhTpat 3anYCTMM MOll.eJ1upoWHHe HaYaIIbHoi1 TOfiOJ10nm:.

!. llBa)KllbI HillKMHTe paaaen Information B nepese npoexra non Interdigital Filter (non EM Structure). Ilosnnaercs ,UHaJlOr EM Solver Information (pMC. 2.31) l]J1n ouenKH BpeMeHJ1 MOlleJlHpOBaHH:R Il.aHHoti: CTPYKTYpbI.

2. Ha)f{Ml1Te OK ,lLlIH 3aKpblTJ-UI sroro llHanora.

3. Bb16ep:rne Simulate> Analyze MIlI1 HmKMMTe F8. H.HAI1KaTOP npouecca pacxera (pHC. 2.32) nOKa)KeT liaCTOTb1, Ha KOTOPblX BbmOJIHHeTCH: peureaue nouraroso H npouecc neureaaa 3JleKTpOMarHI1THOiI aana-nr.

63

64

DW6Q 2. PeiJaKmop mononoeuu EMSight

.~'"-'--"-"" .. -======:::."

PHC. 2.32. 011:110 nporpecca MOlle,1HpOmUW>1

C06em. ECAll 6e1lf1WHQ mpe6pe..Moii nausmu eLm peuienus dUHlWil 3ada"fu tionuue ifeM UMelOUJ,GaCfl naunm», nonpotiyiane nepeonpedesums 3aaatty mGK, IJmo6b1 OHa sanYCKOlwei> C UMeIOU(€lIcR naunmsto xounuomepa.

2.10.8. BblBOA peayns'raroa MOAen""pOBaHM'R

lL'U! onpenenexa» pe30HaHcHoM -iacroru Bb.! MO}KeTe BhlBeCTH BHOCHMble norepn CTp}'KTYPbJ> lho6LI nOK333Tb xapaKTepHCTHKY ua rpadnrxe:

I. Bhl6epHTc Project> Add Graph. nO~IB .. 1HeTcH nuanor Graph.

2. Bb16epJ1Te Rectangular KaK Graph Type (pHC. 2.33) H KJH1KfHHC OK.

, , 'In:!tn'i~ :, ~~ J!b#~;:':"

'i~X ~:~~~r~,&i¥~T~?~~, ,

P>iC. 2.33. C0311arnHI. np)lMoyronbHoro rpaijJJ.1Ka Graph I

3. K..llHKlu1Te H3 OKHO Graph 111;151 aKTHBH3awnt era (pHC. 2.33).

4. Bbl:6epHTe Project)Add Measurement. D051B.mieTCH ll.HarlOr Add Measurement.

5. BbJ6eplue 8(1, 1) KaK xapaxrepucruxy (puc. 2.34)l Bbl6epHTe Interdigita1 Filter KaK Data Source Name, OTMCTbTe DB 13 OKHe Result Type; Kr111KHMTe ADD i13aTeM K)HI.KHMTe Close.

6. BblOeptne Simulate> Analyze. XapaKTepMCTMKa noxaauaaer, "iTO pe30HaHCHM qaCTOTa HaxOlUfTCH n6.1U3H 4 Ff'u.

IIpJLttep cosoauu» U auasusa MUKponOAOCKOOOZO tPlL1bmpa

~)Hl onpeneneaus 60J1Ce TOLIHOrO 3HaqemHl pe30HuHcH0i1 qaCTOTbI) sst h-tO)l(eTe H3~1eHMTb l!aCTOTHblft nuanaaox H war qaCTOTbl MO.!l.eJm:poBaHIHL

H3Me uenue .QMana30Ha '!aCTOT H passaepa mara:

1. B nepene npoexra, Ha%.MJ1TC npaBOll xaonxoa MblWM Ha Interdigital Filter non EM Structures 11 Bbl6epHTc Options. nOHBJlsteTCSi J1.ua.J']or Options,

2. Bbl6ePM.Te 3aK.}1a.uxy Frequency Values.

3. Hartesaraure « 3* KaK snasenue Start, «5» KaK 3H3qeH lie Stop, 3HW1CHMe «0. I:\> KaK Step; 11 3aTeM KJ1liKHHTe Apply. HIDKMJ1Te OK.

4. Bbl6epHTe Simulate> Analyze L!,JUI [10BTOpHoro MOLl.eJlJ1pOBaHlul CTPYKTYPhl. XapaKTCpl1CTI1Ka nOKa3blBaCTCH aa rpacpl1KC pJ.1C. 2.35.

~O.1

-0.2

-0.3

~O.4

a

Graph 1

,---------..-----~ , ~ DB(ISI1,1]1} I <,

I nterdigjta! Filter ~

I

3

3.5

4 Frequency (GJ-tz)

4.5

Puc. 2.35. 4.acroTHa;Q xapaxrepucruxa

5

65

66

E'lQ8Q 2. Pedaxmop mOlrOAOcUU EMSight

2.10~9" AHMMMposaHl4e TOKa 1.'1 npOCMOTP 3neKTpOMarHMTHoro nong

npOCMOTP aHHMHpoBaHHoro TOKa H nOJUI. B crPYKTYpe MO)!{eT 6hiTh n0J1e3HhIM rtpu uccneaoeauua ero lPI13H\rCCKI1X xapaxrcpucrax. amI aHHMl1pOBalHHl TOKa ua nposonHHKax:

1. K.rH1KHI1Te OKHO 3Dj Y:To6hJ cnenars ero UKTl1BHbIM,

2. Bufiepnre Animate> Animate Play. AHI1MJ1pOSaHHhle TOKI1 nOKa3hIBalOTC5I ua TO~ n0J10fMH B 3D B1Ul,e (pnc. 2.36).

\.

-,

_",__ ..... --

.. ~-- .. ,."~----.--\., '...........

-,

~ _. .... ~, ..

. --- ..,,':

_____.,,,..---- .... -- \.

_" ... -".. ...

10

PHC. 2.3-6. BlnyarnnaUlt~ n am1~falllUi snna TOKa na nosepxaocru IlpO!JO..1HI1Ka

3. Bb16epH.Te Animate> Stop )J .. .i15I npexpaureaaa 3HMMal.l;Iil1. Y.To6hl noxaaars 3!1eKTpw!eCKOe none na cnoe 2:

4. Bbl6epl'1Te Animate> E-Field Setting. nOHB)UlerClI ,[i,11a'IOr E~Field Computation (puc. 2.37).

Pl1C. 237, Yrr&I-!(lSKa .lJBI pacsera :~.ne!{Tp1-lqeCKOrO nons B AH3J1eKTpW-l:eCf«(lM C;10e

5. Bh16eptrre Layer 2 11 KJH1KHHTe OK.

6. Bbi6epMTe Animate > Analyze niH!. pacxera 3JleKTpW{eCKOfO nona.

HpUMep COWauUJl U QUIl./lU3l1 MUXPQnQ;tQCK()fIOlO <jJu.'lhmpa

7. BbI6epMTe Animate > Play llJ1J! npocuorpa TOKa H 3_'leKTpH.lJeCKOrO nOJUI (pHC. 2.38).

8. Bhl6epl1Te Animate > Stop AJl5I OCTaHOBKl1 UH H.MamUL

3.635

10

~' .-. __ _. __ .~r"

//"' /'

- "<.

.......

0.635

e 13

"

Y H" j "- ""'-.

"'"'

..... ,

"

A>< t s

~

PMC. 2.3&. flPOCMOrp mmpH)KetlHOCTH nons B ll.'!OCKOCHI CC"lOj}

lI,JUI UCKJ1l0~leHI1R pacxera nona:

9. Bbl6epHTe Animate> E Field Setting. f10RBl1TC.H 1J,ManOr pacsera nons, B KOTOPOM necenexrapynre Layer 2 H KJlMKHHTe OK.

2 .. 1 O. 1 O. 3aBepweHMe qepqeHWH TononOn"lH

)])IH Taro I.ITo6hl nony-nm, OKOH~mTeJlbHYiO crpyxrypy $!1.11hTpa, Mhl 6yn;eM ucno-

Jib30BaTb HeCKOJIbKO OnUH:H: pI1COBaHHH.

lho6bl J].o6aSHTb ManeHhKwi1 npOBOjH-IHK B xouue BXO)lHOrO peaonaropa:

1. K1UKHllTe Ha OKHO lnterdigital Filter ,{TOObl cnenars ero aKTMBHblM.

2. Bufepare Draw> Add Red Conductor.

3. C.1IIH1HhTe KYPCOp a OKHO I nterdigital Filter n Bb16epHTe View > Zoom Out Ha-

}KMHTe KJIaBMWY Tab, nQS:BJHICTCa 1l11aJlOr BBOn;a Koop1U1HaT.

4. Hartesarajrre «21> B OKHe x 11 {!8.2>} B OKHe y H 3areM HaJKMliTe OK.

5. HmKMHTe xnanuury Tab CHOBa 11 OTMeTbTC Re B ~l1anor'C ssoaa xoopmnrar.

6. Hanesaare «-0.4» KaK ne.rU'PillHY dx 11 «-0.2» KaK dy H JaTeM Ha)KMHTe OK. Ilpa-

MoyrOJlhHhlH npoBO.IlHHK noxaxercx B OKHe EM crpyxrypsr (pHC. 2.39).

l .. ho6bl H3p.HCOBaTh BhlXOllHOH pesoaarop:

7. Bw6eplfTe Edit > Select All.

8. Bi>16eplrre Edit > Copy 1 11 3aTeM Edit > Paste.

67

68

Fsaea 2. PeiJoKltlop mouosoeuu EMSight

, ... ,',. ,--

"',.,.," ---

PHC. 2.39. YCTini(H:'>K.:1 nopra u Ci1.SUf peq,epeHciiot~ n,1OCKoctU

-_ .. ..... --

,. ,

....... _ .

"' ... --........ --- _ .. ---

Puc, 2.40. Ilpouecc C03,llaHHR TO!IO.10nm q,H.JfbTpa

9. CaBMHbTe KYPCOp H pacnoncxnre xonmo BHe BXO-UHOTO pesoaaropa.

10. Buoepnre Draw> Flip.

11. CnSHHbTc KYPCOP B cepenuae EM OKH3, KJH1KHH.Te" a 3aTeM YCTaHOBUTe nepeaepuyroe ~!306pa)KeHMe B MeCTO, npOTHBOJlOJ[O)KHOe EXO.1l.HOti llHHHH (pHC, 2AO),

BhlPOBHRHTe nepesepnyryio qaCTh <pl11IbTpa C BblXO.L!.HblM xpaesr, ,UnH C03,n;aH}:($l CpC,LI,HerO pesonaropa:

l2. KnJ1KHHTC 361111311 nesoro yrna nesoro pesoaaropa H OXBaTl1Te pe30HaTOp.

l3. Bufepnre Edit> Copy a 3aTeM Bb16eptITe Edit> Paste. 3aTeM HY.JKHO nepeaepI-iYTb BHYTpeHHI1j;!: pC30HaTOp aa 180~.

Ao6aBneH~e nopra

JI..JHI saaepureuan EM crpyxrypsi, Heo6xOllJiMO 1l000BHTb rropr Ha BbIXOJl <pHJ1bTpa, llT06h1 n06aSHTb nopr M JUIHHlO paarepueruaanna 1I.JUmOH I MM:

1. IC'1HKHUTe 11 3KTHBM3MPYHTe npasyso sacrs <pHJlb-rpa.

2. Bb16ePHTe Draw > Add Edge Port.

3. Pasvecrnre KYPCOP H3 npasoss xpaio cpHJ1hTPa H K..rlHKHHTe Ha 3TOM MeCTe,

4. BHeCH.Te u nepensausre, aHa.TJOrn4HQ nepBOMY noPTY, IL'IOCKOCTb C)],BHfa perpepeHCHOH n,10CKOCTH, xoropyio HyJKHO nporaayrs no xoopnauarta dx: -1. OKOH- 4aTe.:1bHO CTpYKTypa HMeeT nan noxaaaasua H3 PI1C. 2.41,

Buoepsrre Simulate > Analyze )LTH 3HaJIHJa TonOJIonUL

,llo6aBbTe na rpaqmx T3X)Ke xapaKTepHCTMK)' S21 B DR fpa$MK 6YD:eT MMeTh BM!!., noxasaauun aa pHC. 2.42.

3n1M aaaepuraerca npMMep MO,LLeJlMpOB::lHl1JI EM CTPYKTYphL .II,JHl COXpaHe}H151 pa- 60TbI BbI6epHTc File> Save Project.

..

: ~ ,~

MoiJe.ttu_p06Qllue 6 EMsight

69

o

~2Q

-40

~BO

Puc. 2.41. OKOWIaTe.1bHM TonOJJQfI1H $1L1b1pa

Graph 1

5

IIporpaMMa EMSight MO)f(eT aaarasapouars CTPYK1YPbl C aeorpanavenuux lJ:11CROM CJIOeB H HeOrpaHH\leHHhi~{ tlMCJJOM nOpTOB. COeJI:l-meH1HI Me)K)!,Y CJlQHMH. KaK B Bi-1..1l,C noosonoxaux nepexusxe«, TaK H B BUlle BepTHKaJIhHhlX CTeHOK, C0311aJOTC5I c rroMOWblO 3JleMeHTOB VIA. Asroaarasecxoe paatinemre aa jPfeHK.I1 C nepeMeHHhlMH pasMepaMH, BhIITOJJH2eTC.H TIlK; 4TO SNe11KH HMeroT MeHhlllwe pasuepu B MeCTaX C 60~'lh-

\

\

\

.......... - __ ._ .. _.-9_ "-'.' '_' - .

\

~F "\

__..-, '~

.. -- _.. .. _ .. - ,-::;.R _ .. ( _, _ ".- _ ".,., .,....... . " _- .. _-- .,." " . ." " - .

~___,---fr----- - I -,

\\

---- ------ - --- --:- - - -. -------------T- ._.-------- --- -- --- -! -- --- - - - ---- --S,/ .

--e.- DB(!Sr 1 ,1]1) lnterdigital Filter

I

/

!.r(_~'''''''':

V i

I

.-. -e- 06(IS[2,1m jnterrngjtal Filter

3

3_5

4.5

4 Frequency (GHz)

PHc.2.42. 4acronmH xapaxrepncraxa ¢lH..llbTpa

2. 11 ~ MOAenlltpOBaHMe B EMsight

70

FAQea 2. PeooKfflop monOiW2UU EA-fSight

UH1M 113!\1eHeHHCM n.HOTHOCTH TOKa 11 60JlbWHe pa3MCpb! B MeCTax c 60:1ee paBHOMCpHhlM H3MeHeHM.CM TOKa. D0J1b30BaTeJlh l>W)KeT yrtpaansrs pasvepaau 5{t{eeK, yneJlWU1.BaJI fIJIOTHOCTb na ornensuux ~lHoroyroJlblHfKax 113 CTpaHI1UhI Mesh .H,t1aJ10ra EM Options. Crenepupouauuoe pa36neHl1e na ,nt.[eMKH MQ)!{HO npocvcrpett, BO Bpe»..HJ penaxrnponaaua reouctpau, TaK '-:ITO BJIVl5lHHe l1}MeIIeHlUI CCTKYI MO)KHO 3aMeTYlTb HeMe1l)leHHO.

Pa36ueHHe npOBO)1,H"KOB. TOK, KOTOPblH BbJYl1C.1UleTCH BO BPCM:SI Mo,ue,,·H1pOUaHt1$l; OTHOCMTC5:l K ueirrpav pa3J1WlHblX npsxioyronsaux ~p1eeK, KaK nOK33aHO ua pHC. 2.43. PC.lKHM pa36l'teHH.H crpyxryp» yn paB..1.51eTCH H3 CTpaWU1_b! Mesh zmanora EM Options. 5IqeH_K~ crpyxrypsr Moryr npocssarpnearscs no KOMHl-Ule Structure> Show Mesh.

Pa'36HeHMe crpyxrypu Bel }P4eHKI1 ynpaaasercs co CTpaHHUbl Mesh, B .1l0nO.!JHeHl1e K ynpaaaexaio reuepn pOIXumeM H'-leeK 43HI sceri crpyxrypu , B JlHa.'10re EM Options. MO)KHO sanarr, napajrerpsr H3 CTP3mUl.e Mesh (pHC< 2A4).

Pasvep a-reek onpenenxercs pa60lJeJ1 ]lJ1HHOH BO.1HM 11J!5I. JlllHHH nepeaasu H3 TOM )Ke Cal\!oM CJl0e. Kpoxre roro, npa pa36I1CHIH1 YlBlTbHMCTCH flJIOTHOCTh pa361ieHH51 Low,

··;tt;

Ilapauempu EM peUlQJ()~eZQ ycmpoacmea

71

Normal H .. i1H High. Pa36MeHJ1e MO)KeT TaKJKe 6h1Th ycrauoaneuo, 1,[T06hI C03JlaTh onnnaxosue ~'-Iei1Kl1 ceTKH., Bbl6npmI No variable mesh. Ilpn 3a,uaHHM 5I'leeK C pa36weHJ1CM Low OHM 6Y.l.lyr I1MCTh Ha116o.nbWl1e paaxepu H COOTBeTCTBeHHO MeHhWYlO TQ'IHOCTh paC4eTOB. HOpMar:LbHa5I llJIOTHOCTb £"'!eMKH Normal - 3Ha4eHHe no YMOJ1LIaHHIO, B TO npeM.H KaK nepewenuue 5iLlef1KH High HJ1H No variable mesh MOryr I1CI.10m,30BaTbC$l~ xorna JKe,.1UTe.,,1hH3 6o<lee BhlCOKaJl rot{HOCTh. Xmin H Xmax, Ymin H Ymax onpenenmor MmmMa..'1bHb!H II MUKCHMaJIbHblH pasxiep $l\ieHKH ..

3a,aaHHe cnennassnoro pa.l6uemul nposoll,HHKa. ua a'leihm. Cneuaansa sre napa MeTPW s-reex MorYT 6hlTb ycranounema nns OT)1,e.;lbHbIX q>OPM npOBO,llHHKa (B 3aKllU..!lKe Mesh, pHC. 2.44). B OGJIaCT51X, me npennonaraercn, xro TIJ10THOCTb TOKa Cl1JIhHO MCHReTC}!, YCTaHaBJUmaeTC» nJ10THOCTU pa36:11eHJ.15f High, a B 06JlaCT5IX C H113KJ1MJ1 TIJ10THOCT$lM~ TOKa - fVIOTHOCTh Low, -rro MO)J(eT 6bITh 60JTee OITTHMMlbHhIM B 3TOM any-rae.

Ilapaxrerpu Geo (Tpe6YIOTca npu pafore COBII.reCTHO c nporpaMMOM Sonnet) acnoJlb3YlOTCH ans YCTaHOBKl1 cneuuam.aoro pa36HcHmr $OpM B $OPM2:TC ¢aH.JIa SOBer GEO.

2~ 12. napaMeTpbl EM peuraiourero YCTpOMCTBa

Kaxnan EM CTpYKTypa B npoexre EMSight HMeeT co6cTSeHHhItl Ha60p napauerpOB. KpOMe TOro, rrpoear EMSight TIl!OKe HMeeT YCT2HOBKH no yMmlt:13HHIO. JtapasrerPhI, ncno.u.syesssre B KOHKpeTHoB crpYKTYpej MOryT 6WTb YCTaHOB...i1eHbl B nuanore EM Options (puc. 2.45).

JbtaJIor pe..rr.aKTJ1pOBaHHH napaaerpos rrpoekra MO)l{eT 5b1n. OTKph1T npaaoji xaonKOM na EM Structure 11)111 TIO KOMaHJl.e Project> Default Options. B 3TOM ananore J:iaXO.lUITC5I C.I1e.llYlOlUJ1e YCTaHOBKH:

De-embed ports/feed lines (HCKJUOqCHHe J1UHHH naraiomax nopron). ECJI.H 3Ta ortuaa DKrUO'IeHa, HeO,llHOpO;UiQCTH nOPTOB~ xoropue B036Y)I{AaIOT ssrcume nmw BO,;1H B6.1M- 311 nopros, 6.Y;il;yr aBTm.mn[qeCKH Yll3..'UlTbC:l1 H Svnapaererpst nepeC4HThlBaIOTCfI K onopasra rL1OCKOCT5IM, npl-L10)f{eHHbIM K nopra» H 0603HalJeHHhIM CTpe.rIKaMH, c noMOlll.hK) a1rOpl1TM3 cnsara onopaux n .. 'l.OCKOCTd:1 (paarepsserucauna) El\1Sight.

PI1C, 2.45. Ycrauonxa napaverpos peuiaiotnero vcrporicrsa

72

Tsaea 2. p'eooKmop monO.W2l1.11 Elv/Sight

Compute loaded. currents (Ublqj1c.lcHHe TOKOB B nonsonsuurx ~lUUilllX), Korna 3Ta onU.l15I BK.r:1I0'{eHa, EMSight ncnonssyer noproaue Harpy3KH, I.no6hl noxasars TOKH B CTPYKType, nO,1l;KJUo4eHHOJi K aarpysxau. Petueane c HurpY3KaMH ncrrorn.ayerca TOJlbKO B C)IY4ae aHJ1MaUHM TOKa. Bpeua, Tpe6yer-..lOe, :tno6bJ Bbl'H1C}lMTb TOKH HarpY30K - OTHOCHTeJlbHO nefiomauoe, i3K tHO ara onuns 06'b1'1HO OCTUBJI5!eTC5I BKJlIO'reHHoM. ECJlH Bh16paHa KOMaHLI.a Show Current, 6YlleT nOKU3aHO peiucnue !l)UI CTOWHiX Bo}IH TOKOB. Ilpnuep orpeaxa MMKPOI'IOJJOCKOBOH .i1l1HIH1, napauerpsr pacxera KOTOpOI'O YCTaHOBJleHb! no YMOJ1qaHl1lO~ n:OK33aH aa puc. 2.46. TOK B npouoauuxax npell,CTaB.TISeTCH B sane i}erYill,l1x BO~1H TOK.a I-J:a Mt'"Ta.1.nl1QeCKHX nouepXHOCTHX.

Use fast de-embedding (acnoaeaoaauae fibICT'pOfO nCK.1JOQeHua). Ilpouenypa HCKJllOqeH H:R Tpe6YeT aHaH1J~l JJ.Byx OT,ileJ1bH blX {o; HCK.JHO'1aeM hlX" (de-embedd i ng) Jl HHI1i1-CT"'.iHJ1apTOB. 06hl~mo 3TO rpctiyercs ,1I,3l5i npoaenenns nO}1HOCTbiO He3aBMCH1\10ro aHa..IH13a c pa3.J!M~HWMJ.f pa3MepaMH xopnyca.

Ar'lf'Ol>HTM <pHKCl1poBaHHoro HCKJ1KHeH}-HI ortpenenster Tpe6yei\1blC «ncxrnoxaestsre craaaaprs», HCnOJlh3y~ Ta6m-Ul,hI MOMeHTOB M51 Been crpyxrypi.i, ({TO ycrpauaer He06~ XO,ll,ltMOCTb BbJlll1C)l51Tb HOBblM Ha60p TaOJJl1U MOMCHTOB ,lUlli pasrepveraaaumr.

HC.n.OC1'3TOK aJlfOP!-1TMU <pHKcHpoBaHHoro l1CKJ1l0'.fCHHH COCTOl1T B TOM \ -rro B HaCTOrnuee BpeM~ OH BhIf10JlH$JeTCH I1CKJllO"U1TeJ1bHO )l,JlH 60KOBblX CTOPOH, KOTOPhlC HMe[OT E,lU1HCTB-eI-IHbIH nopr. KOfAa l1MeeTC51 HCCKOJlhKO TIOPTOB Ha O)lHOi.f cropoue, B nporpauMe aBTOMaTw:teCKH HCf10Jlb3yeTCH crannaprnoe HCrG1ID4eHHe (HC101JO~ieHHe CTaH)];apTOS) SMeao tPi1KOfpOBaHHoro HCK.HIO'lemUL !1pyrotl: HeJlOCTInOK anropnrxra qmKcHpoBaHHOro lfCKmOGeHH5I COCTOHT B TOM, ~ITO OH He pafo'raer, xorna .IVUiHa xopuyca 6.HH3Ka K N x )./2. Peuiaioutee YCTpoilcTI30 rrpenynpexnaer, xorna 06HapYJKMBaeT sro.

Fast Freque-ncy Sweep (OLlCTpast p3.3BepTKa sacrorsi). Korna 3T3. ortunn YCTIlHoB.rrcna, npl1 MOll,em1pOBaHl1H 6YlleT UCTI0J1h30BaTbC5l 6hlCTpaa ttaCTOTHaH pasueprxa (FFS). B pe)KHMC FFS MO)f{HO nOJ1Y<IHTb 4UCTOTHYlO xapaxrepacrnxy crPYKTYPbJ B IIHfPOKOM nnanaaoue tJaCTOT (c lllMPHHOM ,Lumna30Ha ,n:o 200%), npn BbIIlOJIHeHMH pacxera TOJlbKO ua OAHm'1. Y:3CTOTe. l1H<bOpMaUI-U!~ xoropas Bhll.(HC.Jiet·IU ua 3TOti !.laCTOTe, HCnOJIb3Yerca nna 3KCTpanO.J1HUlHf 4aCTOTHOM xapaxrepncrvxu, -rro rpetiyer 3HH'4J.neJ!bHO MeHb- 111l1X Bbl'''H1CJ1HTe . .1lbHbIX sarpar, geM re, xoropsre Tpe60llaJIHCb 6hl A..IH:l pac-rera ua scex 4aCTOTUX (anroparuou «OT T09:KH K TOqKe:;.)_

Max Diff Order (MaKCHMalhHhIH nopsmoK JU'IqxpepeHUHpoBaHu.a). Pemaiouiee yCTpOHCrBO B pe)K}lMe FFS He ronsxo BbPmC.lUieT TOKH CTP)'K'ryPhl) HO TalOKe H HX npoJ13BOllHbre aucumx nopMKOB. BeJIll41-tHa Max DilT Order (pac, 2AS) onpeaenner MaKc~aUL1bHhH1 nOp.RIl.OK npmnBOJ1.HOii TOKa, KOTOPhlX 6Y)l.eT BbP-!HCJ!51ThC.H. B 3.;lfOPHTMC FFS. Bpeas, Tpe5yeMoe ,tJ..;15t BhP-ll1CJ1eHHSl npouaeonnux BhlCOKHX nopsnxos. 3Hal.Hne.1b1-IO B03paCTaeT C YB.eJUl4.eHUCM rtopaaxa np0J1360JIHOJ\ B TO BpeM~ Ki.1K I1CTIOJIb30Ba~ HH.e 3TI1X npOH3BO,UHhIX n03BOJHleT onpCLl,eJ1I1Th qaCTOTHYfO xapaKTcpUCTI1KY B 6oJ1ee lUl-1POKOM A11arr330He ~taCTOT. Hcnonssoaamre MeHblllero 3HaQeHH.H Max DiH Order

PI1C. 2..46. Pacnpeaeneaue TOKa S OTpeJJ{e MHKpOnOJlOCKoBotl ,1HHI1 H

Ilapauempt« EM peuuuotueeo ycmpoiicmea

YCKOPl1T Mo.ueJU1pOBaH He crpyxryp, xoropue He HY)I{IIO Mo.n.e.lll1pOBaTh B WUpOKOM znranaaoae lIaCTOT.

Error Tolerance (.aon),cKu ua norpemaocra). Pel1JlUOI.Uee YCTpoikTBO FFS HCnOJlhsyer ouenxy uorpciuaocrn npa 3KC1J,HI10n,HUHH, YTo6bl onpenenun, JUIana30H 4aCToT1 B KOTOPOM nonyxaerca 1l.0CTOBepHoe peureaue FFS. ECJn·, HcnO:U,3YeTC5l: Ma.nhlii )10- nYCK, TO qaCTOTH35l' xapaKTepJ1CTHKa, nO.1y-4eHHaSl: peuraiouuu: YCTpOI1cTBOM FFS, 6yner 60JTee llIHPOKOll, HO D.OCTon-epHOCTb paU{eTOB Ha xpaax nO.JWCbt y:acroT 6YJl:cr Hl13- KOH. EC.:IH 33.laeTC~1 60m~WOM nonycx, TO 6Y,QeT 60,J1hll1a5-J: yuepeuaocrs B TOLJ:HOCTH peWeHUJI, HO 3KCTpanOJmpYCMa£ untpnaa naanasona qaCTOT He fiyner unrpoxoii. no

. ~

YMO;"1y.am·HO 06hl~lHO YCTaHaB..1HsaeTc51 Y.J.OE.J1eTBOpMTCJ!bHOe. 3Ha1{eHM.e, XOT5l casras

JI)'4"l.liM YCTaHOBKa 6YAeT 3aBHCeTb OT 3a,n:a'-lH. Om .. U1.B Relative Error ncnonsayer ouesKY OTHOCHTeJlhHOli OUlUOKH HMeCTO 06bl~nWH OlleHKH a6cmnoTI·IOf"! norpeuruoctu. EG"1H Bbl ncno .... nsayere FFS1 'HOGN aHa-nnnpOBaTb -racrornyio xapaKTepHCTf.1KY1 KOTOpas HMeeT MaJlyID BeJut~llH!y SII (Hanpl-L\tep, MCHbwe -30 11£), TO a6CO.rtKlTH3$l norpeWHOCTh MC)K,[[,Y npal'H-L1hHOH 11 sxcrpanonnpyeaoa xapaKTepl1CTMKO.H MO:iKeTe 6bITh MaJ10H; B TO BpeMH KaK OTHOCMTeJlbHaH OllHt6Ka MO)KeT 6hlTb o-reas 60J1blllOit

Matrix Solver (peureuue MaTpHU). B nporpauxre YlMCCTCH B03MO)KHOCTh t13MeH51Th OT,a:eJIhHhIe napasrerpu peuraiotuero YCTpOHCTBa, xoropoe onepapyer C MaTpHuei1 MOMeHTOB .. Bb!6op napaxrerpon peurarourero YCTpoikTJ3iJ BJlHHeT na Tpe6yeMYlo naM5:lTb M BpeM51 peureuna, KpOMe roro OnUHI1 Single Precision BJUHICT na TQ4HOCTb pacuerou, Marpnua MOMeHTOB - CHMMeTpW .. :l.HaH (cnua nO;lOBHHa MaTpl1UbI - 3epKarlhHoe 11306- paxeaae .upyroH n0J10BJ.1HbI). EMSight MO)KeT coxpannrs IVWTPI1UY MOMeHTOB xak nOJ1- HYIO MaTIHHlY (coxpaaxs Bee BXO.(1bf) J.L.'lH KaK CyL\1Mel'pWfHY10 t..faTPHllS (rne coxpaaenu TOJ1hKO nonouaaa BXO,llOn). MeTOA xpaacana M3TpHU.bl onpcnenca napaverpaaa peuraKllli,erO YCTpOMCTBa, nepe'YI1C_'1eHHbIMH HillKe ..

Default (3HD'"IeUlie 110 YMo .. suanuso) .. OnWHl. Default no.3IWAHeT EMSight BEJ.6paTb onTI1Ma;rihHbIe napaxerpst, )lY'iUme w'UI )],aHHolj 3a;:r,a~1H .. Onu .. H5l. no YMOJP·12HillO Bhl6epeT Me%1IY CHMMeTpWlHblM H nOJIHblM peuratoumu YCTpoi1CTBOM na OCHOB3.HHH paavepos saaasn, ,UOCTYflHOH naM.HTU M nma MaTpJ..1UhI (nencrnnrensnas HJ1H KOMIL1eKCHaH).

Full Solver (nosuoe pelUUIOU(Ce ycmpoiicmeo). Ilonnoe peruarouiee YCTPOHCTBO Coxpaaser BeIO xrarpuuy MOMeHTOB .. Ero auroznro J1cnO;1i:-30B3Tb TORbKO xorna BCH MaTpnua yxseutaercs B nausr«, H nca ~IaTpHUa .ueflCTBJ.1Te.1bHaH (Her noreps B ll,M.3 .. nexrpuxax, nO.ll1l0::.KKaX H...1H H3 rpasuuax). ITpU4.HHa 3TOro - B TOM, qTO noanoe hf3TpHtIHOe peuiaiouree ycrPOHCTBO nacrpoeuo OnTHM3JI bHO (JlJI.8 }..!.et1("'iiHiTe~'lbHoJ.1 MaTeMaTHKH) H paooraer 3Ha4J1TeJIbHO 6hlCTpee~ GeM peurasouiee yerpO}1CTBO, KOTOpoe acnonsayer CHMMeTpwmylO [laM:lITh (B ,nB3 pasa 6w:rpee!).

Symmetric Solver (cUMM.empU~fHoe petuatouiee ycmpoiicm6o). 3TO 50}Iee 3KOHOMHoe peuraiotuee YCTPOHCTBO HCnOJlb3yeT CI1}.-[J\;teTPHt!HYKJ \WTPHUY H npn 3TOM Heo6xoJU1- MaH naJ.IHTb B nsa pasa MeHbWe, 4eM npilMeH5I.H nOJHIOe petuarouree YCTpoikTBO.

Single Precision (eounuena» mouuocms) < 3Ta 0 n U.lHI 1:1 bll-1 ynl1T EM Sight HCnOJJb30- aari, npu MaTeM3TW·(CCKHX Bbl~lHCJ1eHYmX MaTpl:H~bl fl.toMeHTOll e.ll.l1HHYHYJO T01..J:HOCTh. 3Ta T01.!HOCTb Tpc6yCT B ,ABa paaa MeHbweM naMlITJ.1 lUIH pac: .. ICTa TOM .IKe caMOM MaTpH~ un, coxpanemroa C .IlBOHHOt\: TO~lHOCTblO) T .. e. pe)!(HM npocroit TOqHOCTM 06hlt!HO I1CnOJTh3yeTC5:l1 lITo6hI ynCJ1 WHlTb pasucp sana tIH ~ KOTopaH MOiKC1" 5hJTh BTIHCaHa B 4)).1311- ~lecKY}O naM51Tb. J1cnOJlb30llaHJ1e npocron T04HOCTH 6YllCT nuorza yXY,U1ll3Th rc-nrocrs peuiexaa (ocooeuao na 50.nee H113KJ1X sacroraxl, HO 06b14HO TOlJHOCTb YXY.!lJllaeTCH He3H34HTe}lhHO.

73

74

Isaea 2. Peo(1Kl1top monosozuu EMSight

CTPaHHua Drawing, Crpauaua Drawing (pEC. 2.47) n03BOJUIeT noxasusars KOOplIHHUTbl xypcopa BO npeMR onepaunu PHCOruUUHL

PHC. 2.47. 3aKJla,ll,!'a lJ.epqeHl-:HI ,1:U-lanorolloro OKHa YCTmW:BKI1 pe:)101MOTI

Ilanee, HMCeTCH B0311O)KHOCTb Bl1,.QeTb xypcop KaK y.epHbI:t'J na 6e.,'10H nOlIJIO)KKe (peJKI1M Solid cursor label background). JIpyrMe onunn U3 :noH crpanaue 03HaQalOT cnenyiouiee:

Coordinate Display Format ncpex . .1llOl.laeT pe.iKHM noxasa a6co.<1 fOTHblX 1"L111 OTHOCJiTeJlbHblX xoopnnuar (Delta coordinates - OTHOCHTelIhHO TOW T04KJ1, rne HaYlfHaeTCR peg3KTl1pOBaH He).

Coordinate Display Units YCTaHUBJ!lmaeT PC)f(MM noxasa Il03J1tJ,I1J1 xypcopa B Q;J113H'lee KWX emmauax I1}JI1 B KOJI rfl{eCTBe ~l[eeK ceTKH,

2 .. 13. CTpaHfflLta napasaerpoa TononorHM (Layout)

Crpannna l'onOJIOrYlH sanaer PC.:ocHMbl npOCM01]Ja B ,1].BYXMCPHOM 11 TpeXMepHOM sunax (PI1c. 2.48), Ha He:i1 YCTaHaBJ1J1BaIOTCH napasrerpu ~JepqeHlH[ T0I10J10rl{l1:

Hide non-active layers: ctcpums He asmuenue CJlOU. B 2-MepHOM npOCMOTpe no 3TO}1 KOM3HJl.e CKpbIBalOICH $OPM bl ~ xoropue pacnonoxeuu He na aKTHBHOM CJIoe nOBJlOIKKll.

Fill non-active layers: 3anOJ-1HUmb He axmuenue CROll. B 2-MepHOM I1POCMOTpe· no nOM KqMaH)lC 3anOJIH,HOTC.H lllTPHXOBKOH: ¢OPM [;,1 H3 He 3KTHBHhIX CJIO.HX.

Show enclosure outline: noxasams KOHmypHYIO cmpyxmypy «opnyca. B 3-MepHoM npOCMOTpe HU nozcrcxxe H xopnyce ptrcyeres HepapX1P{eCKa51 crpytcrypa xopnyca J.1 CJIOeB.

Draw only outlines: «epmumu mOIJbKO tcoumypu. 3Ta KOMaHJ],a HCnOJIh3yeTC)J, 4.To6hl IIpH npa!..UeHI1H xopnyca H npu H3MeHeHHH nepcnexruau B 3-MepHoM npocaorpe xepTH1U:lCb TOJIbKO KOHTypW.

line Thickness: mO.llUJ,UHa J"1UHUU. 3Ta H3CTPOHKa sanaer TOJllljJ1HY ,iH1HllM Pa3:1114- HblX 3~1eMeHTOB KOHCTpYKU,lH:I: xopnycy, $opMaM H CTpeJIKaM,

Ilpocmomp mosca

.. ';~f~\1~1~;~#f!:"m1i.t#~rm~ri~H.i#:ji~f~~

.. :.,,: ~ ::':":'::\ ~ ~ .... ::::: :,:<' :.~. ~ 1 ~.~.~ :.:::~ "'_':: ~ <-~:~..:-:~ s < .• t ~'::::':~':"::'~:';' :

.<

...

. , ,

~ : ~ ::

.. ---:-----;-::-~~.-:..--:::-::-~:-:::-:-.--::-;:-::;;.-;:-:-~- .. -. .._::.. ~.::.:~: ,: , ~.~: =::.:::-.;-:':<:--" "

. '. .,.: . ~,.. . .' ...: ,. " .... .... : .. :....,.:: ':' .. ,.... .. :.' ...... :

_:_'.D;~~ .... :.'.j.JJ_2' ~, ·.I~:~~OJL£~H~·. :1 ,·.;·~:~r.~r:f

PMC. 2.48. LI.H3}lOroBoe OKHO TOnOJlOrHl1: Bb160p pe)KH\lOB ncxasa aKTI1BHbIX H HeaKTHBHbIX C.iIOCB

2~ 14 .. npOCMOTP TOKa

Crpannua Current View ,U11a'10roBoro OKHa Options YCTaHaBJu-maeT pe)l(JlM noxaaa TOKa BO npeM5I aHI1MaUHJ1 (puc. 2.49).

PMC, 2.49. YCTaJIOnK3 TOKOBhIX KOMnOHCHTOB: HCI1D.Tlb30B3HHC .1J.orapl1~]>.n:!qeCKoi1 WKa..1bI~ nOK83aTh X...: 11 Y-Km.mmICHTI:.1; YCTIlHOBK3 pe}l{m .. ia UHl1MaIl,Hl1

Use log scale: ucnoniaoeauue noeapuqiuuwectcoeo MQCUlma6a. Pe)KI1M J10rapH<pMMQecxoro MaCWTa6a Use log scale ucnornoyercs; ,U-H.H 3a.n,aH111I nJlOTHOCTH UBeTa, HCrrOJlb3Y5! }lOrapwpMl·PlecKYlO uncany OT 1fHHHMyMa no MaKCl-1MYl'vta.

Show X Currents: nOKa3 Xscocmaeantotuux mOKOI3. I1oKa3blBaIOTC:7I X-KoMIIoHeHTbI TOKa n.n5I KIDK.UO:i1: 5p·[eHKH ceTKH rtpn am1MaWU-f pacnpeziezeaaa TOKa.

Show Y Currents: nOKa3 Yscocmaeantotuux mOKOfJ HG Jl1emaA;lU'1eCKUX r:jJopJwax. Iloxa- 3blBalOTC~1 Y -COCTaBJUliOIllHe TOKOB '[LHH Ka)l()]:OM 51 LJ.eI1KH ceTKH npa aHI1MaUI1M TOKa.

75

EM S.udUlO< :;;:g~Ii!lM~ e~o~ '~E~ ·i~~ @!O=~~_. l;"if::!~

@ ~P=.!>~

. ·!!lAJ:~MM'l'l· , i!l [)'~Cf~[:l,11l' Fr@~ ~,,~.sll.W ~~Sl.".2)· -!S~SiDl+

h ~~Lruot

, t!) .o.t 5=~nFj15!1. ~ Ni •

< J~~$~~ ~

, !:!1 AI S"",""",.D~IISI2.1l0 • . l'!!l D~:DailS[~1l'J' ;_!2 OplmiMr G~~.

'.~~~~~ ~~~

.~
~ ~ 81 ~
.:,;': ;~j f 01 m
/ .~
,': ~
~ ~ bJ
(j 11 ~01 ,
~,~~~ 1,'J- :A .... ",.
K! i';A
~ 1 ~ , ;~. ·L~·, ~ ~i'
Ll t'-' ,._.;..... , ,
j :a; l!l .r.;>:\,
~ /~ 1'; :':,
1 ~ .; <
1 .. 76

IJtQSQ 2. PeiJaKm~p monaaoeuu EMSight

Active layer only: axmueusupyem mOJ1bKO aKmUBHbJU awit. 3Ta YCT3HOBKa BhlBO,UHT TOKH TOJlhKO ua aKTHBHOM yposae B ,llBYXMCPHOM, 11 rpexaepaosr npocsrorpax, Paaunua MC)KJlY nOKa3QM TQ}IhKO na aKTIfBHOM czoe Ta1 sro nOKa3blBaeTCH TOJIbKO aKTHBHhlI1 ypoeem-, HCnO.TfbJY5! O,[lJ1H sracurrafi .!J)m Be...'IWHIH TOKOS aa scex CJI05L'X~ B TO BpeJl.Ul KaK aKTIIBHbn1 CJ10i1 ncnonsayer TOJlbKO nepecser 1OKOB aa 3l-..'TMnHOM C}IDe. 31"0 paJ..1wme BIDKHO. xoraa BeJUIl.£lma TOKa aa KaKOM-TO cnoe Ha-,..moro 6o~lhille; tleM ere Be_1114HHa H3 RKTI1BHOM cnoe.

Show active layer only: noxasams mO.1bKO axmuesuii cnoii. B ,.'1UYXlI-IepHOM npOCMOTpe no 3TOM xouaune nOKa3hlBalOTC~ TOK}! TOJlhKO ua aKTHBHOM cnoe (T. e_ TOJlhKO H3 Ol1,BOM uepxaei« B pe)l{MMe 2D).

Frames/cycle: «osusecmeo paMOK na Z{U1w1. YCTaHOllKa Frames/eycle nns 2- Ii 3-MCPnux npocuorpon ycraaaannaaior I.JHCJlO paMoK KapTHH n0J151 ua OAHH UllK"l pJ.1COBaHI1H npl1 ilHI1MaUl111 rUIOTHOCTH TOKa.

Ilapasrerpu pa36ueHwI R'-1eeK YCTaHOBJH1BaIOTC}l no YMO.;"UUlHfO flJl}i sceii CTpyKTypbl. Ecnee nO.1lP06HYIO HH¢,lopMaUH11: csr. B paaaene Pasiiuenue npoeoonuxoe.

AsroMaTIFIeCKOe HCKmOIJeHHe. Ilpouecc paarepssemaauan (ncK.:ruoqemuJ:) vnanser BJHUtHUe Heo;:J;HopO}lHOCTd"i B o6nacni nopros H nOIt.B021Hlll_l1.X K HliM .rumEN na pe3ym:>T'dTbl Mo.n.eJ1HpoBsHI1F! (npnsrep pacuera $MJlhTpa nOKa33H na pHC. 2.50).

:."

-:',' :'

:: .[; .:';;' ~ . : . .;_.

Puc. 2.50. OnopHh1c (pet;pepeHcBNc) I1J10CKOCTH if HCK.'lIO'r:'le:\lhle JmmIH

HCKAIO'lf.e1Jue HeOOllopoouocmeii

Flepeonasausuo peJ.Y.'IbTaTOM EM MOlle.:ll1POBaI'HUf HIL1lHOTcn S-napaMeTPhl Bceif crpyxrypsr C }'l.!eTOM HCO,UHOPO.1lBOCTH nopra a BUEHH nepeLl.HH ao orropnoa D}lOCKOCTH. 3ru crpyxrypa MOlKCT 6h!Tb npencras .. 1CH lpe!.UI KaCK3.il,HO BK.ntO'-:leHHbIM}f uemIMH. Ilpouenypa aerouanorecxoro y,],a"TeHI-HI nO)1BOll;l.w.HX JIlIm.IJi HcnO;lh3YeTC£, t.IT06hI BhlIH1C.ilHTl:. S-napaMerpbl TO_lhKO cauoro uccneayenoro rrpufiopa DUT, HcnOJlh3YH nepBOHSya,lhHOC peureasre H peWCHl:I5I iI)HI JUiI-:!uff.

CTaHP,apTHbtl.1 anr-opHTM "CK1UO~eHtlSI

n pouenypa HCK,..'1101ICH H51. Tpe6yeT BhI non H I1Tb anan 113 )1,ByX OTAeJl hHhIX <-rUCK.!) iosaeMhlX J1J.1I-H111 (CTaHn.apTOB)>>, l.Ho6hI pcannsoaars 33TeM onepaumo paarepsiernaarnm. AHaJH13 ncxmouaexoro crannapra rpetiyer 1l0JIHOCTbiO He3aBI1CMMoro anannaa c pasJ1HtlHblMH pa3MepUMI-1 no OTHOJl1eHI110 K pa3Mepy xoprtyca, Kopnyc, HCI10.TIb3yeMbJH ..rr,ml He3aBHCHMoro MOAeJHipOBa!-HHI~ HMCCT .lUIHHY B nna pasa 60JlhWe .wunlb! onopuoa n.rtOCKOCTHj KOTopaH 1I.O}J)K.Ha 6blTh HCKJ1IOIICHa.

CTaH1:J;apTHblH aJlfOPHTM nuorna cransnuacrca c T:PY,JJIOCThJO pacsera, xorna DJU1Ha onopaoii fLl0CKOCTH xparua nO.HOBHHe 1IJ1HHb! Bo}IHbI. 3TOT aJlf'OpHTX1 Mo;r;:eT HCrrOJlb30- BaTl:.C~ ,!J,JHI ~'1106oro (tlIC.1a HOpTOB na omroH cropoue. HCKJlI04eHne HeOll,H0p01I.HOCTeh xparnux nopros ua cropoae Y~IHThIBaeT CBH3b, KOTopaH ID1CCTC$1 Me)i{llY napannensnsiMI·l npOBo.uHI{Ka~H1.

OPH HCTIO.TJh30naHlHt CTaUl!aPTHOfO anropnrua 0I10PHhlC nJlOCKOCTH llO.rDKHbi OTcrosrn, AOCT3TOl.lHO nanexo OT KPaH xoprryca, TaK ~n05hI aucume nmbl sonu, Eh13SaHHhlC 6]HI30CTblO ueonaoponaocru nopra, He amHL1H na pe3Y~1hTaThl M:CK..;'HOLleHHH. 31'01- m1pl1'leCKOe npasaso - onopaaa nJ!QCKOCTh )],O~1)K_Ha 6hITL yaaneua OT xpaa npn6J1H- 3HTCJlbHO aa nee nucoru nO,.!J..i10)KKH. l1cK}H04eHHe 3TOMY - xorna onopuue !UIQCKQCTH HMelOT HYJleBYKJ ,!l,JII1HY 11 Moryr HCnO.!lb30aaTbCH npn YAaJleHI-fM TOJlhKO HeOJ].HOPOAHOCTM nopra.

AnropHTM qmKcnpoBallHoro (rrpHuYllUrCJ1biloro) HCKJ110':1 enaa, AnrOpl1TM ¢UKCJ1pOuauuoro J1CKJlIOLtelU-tH onpenenser HC1011OI.laeMbIe <lCTaH1WpTbI1> HcnO;lb3YH Ta6JII1Ubi. MQMCHTOB L'laBHOH CTPYKTYPhI, KOTopaH YCTpaH5IeT nOTpe6HOc.Tb BbIQHCmrTb HeCKO.1bKO Ta61H-1U Mm,Ie!na /.I,.;lH npouecca I{CKJ1IO'·ICHHH.

Henocrarox anropurua ¢UKCWPOB3HHOro HCKJIlO"leHH$J COCTOHT B TOM, -rro OH B HaCTOJ.lU~ee Ilpe1>.lH pea'1H:)OBaH Ton_bKO ful5J HCK:H04em-Hi CTOpQ}-!~ xoropue HMeIDT e}lHHCTaeHH btU nopr, Korna na CTOPOHC HMeerCfI HeCKO;1hKO nopros, nporpasura smOM3TH 4.eCKH" ncnonscyer liCK;1iO'-ICHHe CTaHAaPTOB BMe{..'TO q:.HKCHposaHHoro HCK.'1l{)'-leHJ1£. ,UpyrO}1 HC- 1l0CTaTOK anroparva f{H!KCl1pOBaHHOfO HCJ(.llOl:!eHml: COCTOMT E TOM, LITO 3TOT npouecc OKaHy.HBaeTC5!: HeynalHiO, xorna ar1HHa xopnyca KpaTHa nOJIOBl-1He .QTmHW BOJ1HbL Peuiarowee yCTPOMCTBO suaaer npenynpexaesue,

KOrAl! ofinapyxsnsaer 3TY npofinexsy.

DPH HcnO.T!b30BaHlU1 anropnrwa <Pll Kcupcsaaxoro l1CKJllO'l[CHHSI onopnste f1Jl0CKOCTI1 He llOJDKHbl JlaJlCKO OTCTOJ.1Tb OT Kpa~l xopnyca. Jhofiaa Ll..nl·H·!a OflOPliOH n.nOCKOCTH .n.OJl)KHa ooecrre-um, uepuue pe3y.'lbTaTbI, XOT$-II eCJlM HeOm-lOpO/UiOCTb pacnOJTO)J{eHU O\!CHb 6J1l-13KO K nopry, pesvnsrarsr 6y.n.yr nasars HeKOTOpylO norpeumccn. J.13n3a !l3UHMo,UeiicTBll5l: nopra 11 neOluwpO;l,HOCTI--L

1lJm He60JlbWUX C_il.BHiOB onopuux nnocxocren (pHC. 2.51), a:lfOPHTM ¢UKCH-

P.HC. 2.51. C.J!Htf (mopHoH fL10CKOC711

77

78

fA4SQ 1~ PeiJaKmop monasoeua EMSight

poBaHHOrO l1CKn}QtiCHJUl Ii craxaapraua a.1fOPMTM 3KBl1Ba.leHTHbI, n OHH ~lO.1)KHbl BhI)laTh HJI,eHTHQHble peaynsrans. Korna HMeeTC5I HY}Ie.Bru{ onopaaa IlJIOCKOCTh H 3anYCKleTC5I de-embedding, ynanaercs TO.1hKO HeO,ll;Hopo,LJ;HOCTb nopra,

Peiuaiomee YCTPO:!1:CTBO Bb14HCJlHer nonnoe COnpOH1RJIeHl1e 11 nOCT05lHHble pacnpocrpaae HH.Sl nO,llBO..lUHll,MX JUiJmw co CTOPOHbl xopnyca, xcropsre HMCIOT TOJ1bKO onna nopr, EC.'1H l1CK."!lO'1UeMblH CTuu,UaPT kparea no.10Bl1He IlH.HHhl BOJ1Hbl, TO petuaioruee YCTPOHCTBO He MO.:+::eT TO'-lHO paCCYI1TaTb nOCTO}lHHYlO pacnpocrpaaeaas 1mn nOJIHoe conporaaaeane sroa JlHHI1I1.

lIcK.lIlO'ieune nopronux DepcMbllleK. EMSight He H.CK...!HO".!aeT nopronsre nepesuc '!KM asrosearaxecxa, H mo6ruJ HeO.llHOpOnHoCTh, xoropas Bh13BaHa H32my:ueM B cxeue nepeMbFleK, craaer 43CThlO peuieuua. XOTIl aBTOMaTMLJ:eCKOe HCKi1lOQeHile He nonaepxasaercs, onepauus MCKJHOtteHH$l MO)KeT 6hlTh asmunneaa, HCI10Jlh3y~ .aaa orpauarensnax 3,,'leMeHTa NEG2, xoropue MMelOTCS B mmeMHOM .MO.ue31HpYIOIUeM ycrpoacrse Schematics.

Ilpuuep, )Inn crpyxrypi«, noxaaauaon aa puc. 2.52, HeOOXO)1.HMO MCK.'I}Q\ll1Tb B.J1I1- SIHH.e nepeMh.!tlKl1.

lh06hl HcnOJlb30BaTb orpeuarensusui 3-JleMeHT, jt01UKHa 6blTb C03naHa STOpa;{ crpyzrypa C BHYTpeHHei1 noprosoa rrepeMhFfKOH H mrraiouiaa .mfHlHi (feedline), JlJlHHOi{ OT nopra no CaMOI1 nepexursxn, KaK nmCa33HO na pHC. 253. 3Ta CTpYKTYpa lIOJI)K}{a HMeTb J1HHIUO C TOn :IKe cauoit lllHPHHOi1 11. BhlCOTOH, KaK 11 HCKJIIDYae!'.tan CTPYKrypa, If nepeu LllIKa nonxaa .I1.MeTb TO )Ke CaM0e cexeaae H nOJIO)KeHHe OTHOCllTe.1.bHO rpaaea.

Il pouecc HCK.1K)qeHHH ll.OJ1::KeH 6bITb asmonnea nna o6eI-IX CTOPOH crpyxrypu, noK333.HHblX ssnae. KaK TOJll:oKO peureaue 6YlleT nonvreno, C03uaeTcH cxesra C OCHOBHOH CTpYKTYPOH H OTPHU3TCJ1bHhlM anexienro», KaK nOKaJ.aHO ua pHC. 2,54.

JICKAJOlieHue UeOQIlOpoiJHlJcmeii

Puc. 2.53. Hcxmoseune .:l)lHHHOH }mmm H3 nOPTa

SUBCKT NEG2
PORT ID=Sl ID=Nl PORT
P=l NET=Structure NET=Standard P=2
Z=50 Ohm I 2 I ~o Ohm
C> m 1 1 (- )
iii PI1C. 2.54. Ilpouecc ~CKJIlO1{eH!1JI l.J.n

Pe3y,HhTHPYlOlilJ:W S-napaMeTphI lL1.H 3TO" crpyxrypu 6YAYT JaBHCCTh OT nepexua-rKM, Ylla.rleHHoM B nepsoa crpyxrype, nOKa3aHHOH na pac. 2.54.

Ta6:nmbl MOMeHTa. 11 n peuraiouien YCTpoBcTBe FFS, Ii U peurarouiev YCTpot1CTse ';:OT TO'-:!KH K TO~IKe~); »CI10.:1b3yeTC.H aflropuTM 3anOJIHemUi M3TPHilbl aa OCHOBe 6WCTporo npeoopaaonasus ¢yphe (ED¢L lITO yneJ1H4HBaer CKOPOCTh 3anOJ1HemUI 11 06pa- 60TKH M3TpHllhi MOMeHTOB. YHHKilllhHblM ,ll.11S:!. EMSight £B.HHel'CSl TO, -rro anroptrm 6WCTPOro upeofipaaoaanxa ¢YPhC (Ein<p); xoropua llCTIOJIh3yeTCR, lJ:rofih1 3ailO_!IHI1Tb MaTpHUY~ Hcu021b3yeT K31ll na )K.ecrKoM .1l.HCKe. Korna Bbl ,110JDKHb! npoaHa:1H3HPOS8Tb CXCMY, xoropas l1Cn0J1h3yeT xopnyc 'roro )Ke cauoro paauepa 11 TOT )ICe c.aMbll1 aanonH~eMbJi1 .llH3JleKT]JI1K, I·UI(j)opMaUlUI 0 Ta6J1l.1Ue Snell "Y.l1TIleTC.>J. Ii3 K3Ula~ 'ITO npueoaur K 3Ha4HTeJIhHOH 3KOHOM~H BbIYllCJIHTCJlbHhlX aarpar.

MeXaH113M K3IllHpOBaHlUI nO]]HOCThlO KOJ-npOJ111pyeTcsI n0J1b30naTeJICM, AJIroPHTM ynpamenua K31l1eM aBTOMaTI1lIeCKI1 ynanaer K3111l1pyeMhle Ta6JlHUbl, xoropsre HCnOJlh- 3YEOTCSI uexacro, H ocnotioxnaer MaKCHMfu1hHoe KOlmqeCTBO ,n,l1CKOBOro npOCTpaHCTBa~ xoropoe MO)KeT acnonsaonarsca K3illeM.

MexaHH3M xaura Mo%.eT 6blTb KOH<lH-lrypHpoBaH nomcoearenesr, Bw6Hpaa l·j MeHiO KOMaHllY Project > EM Cache. KOH{P~H}"pupOBaHJfe xaura npoH3BO.1lHTCH B )111:' ..:10rOBOM OKHe, npHBe.neHHoM ua puc, 2.55.

79

80

F..'!a8U 2. Peoaxmop mOllO.102UU .t"MSight

Ka;K,LI,3H sanuci, B CTlHCKe MeHe,L1)KCpa K311la npC.LI.CTaBJHlCT co6oii cpai1J1j KOTOPbIH coxpanser rafinausi IvlO1\leHTOB B o.D:Hoii ~taCTOTHOi1 re-nee.

Ka)I{,UbiH tf_)afi..n K3wa HMCCT HCCKO}lbKO aTpJ.16YTOB, xoropsre nOKa3aHbI aa puc. 2.55. $ai1n .LI.aHHblX~ xoroputi HCnO}lb30B3H EMSight nOC)1eL{Hl1M, i1Cn0J1h3yeTc5I MCHe.LDKepOM K3lUa, tHo6bI o npenerurn., KaKHe qml1Jlbl .n.OJlA<:Hbl 6bITb Y.ll.a..'ICHbil xorna K311I 3anOJU·HleTC5I. Ilapauerp Diff onpcncnncr MaKcHMaJlbHblH nopHJJ,OK ,!JJ1cPcPepeHT~MpOB3HH.H, Hcnonb3ycMblM )1}]}1 Ta6:mu, C03.nUlU·lbIX peuiaiouur» YCTPOHCTBOM FFS. ITapaverp Freq noxaasieaer lJaCTOTy, ,D,JUI xcropoii 6bL'1a CrCHCpl1pOBaHa Ta6JIHua. ECJiH OnUM}! Can auto-remove paapeurcaa LI,JHI Q)(1ii"la, TO MCHe.ll)Kepy xaura 6y.uYT n03B0J1eHO y~aJU1Tb (P,-U1J1, xorna K3W 6y.uCT n0J10H. 3TOT aTpJ.16Yf .Ll,OJDKCH 6blTh OTMeHCH; eCJ1H Bbl He XOTl-1Te, LJTo6br MeHeLJ,)Kep xsiua yaanun KOHKpeTHblH ¢a}jJl Ta6Jll1Uhl MOMeHTOB.

Ecm-1 OnUl-HI Automatic cleanup BKJ1J01.JeH3, TO MCHCIDKCP xauia aBTOMaTHlleCKH y,II,aJIHT <paHJ1bI~ xorna K3U1 3(lnOJIHHTCH. Orunrn Max cache size (KB) onpCLl,CJl5:J.eT pasMep K3111a B KI1J]o6aHTax. Ecnn BbI Mo,Uem1pycrc 60.rIbwylO CTPYKTYPY, J1 ra5JIl1UbI MO~ MeHTOB He YMemaroTcH B K3WC, TO YBCJHftlbTe pasnep K31lla.

EC.HH Bb! "'l-IO.ucmIPYCTC MHOro pa3JHj'IHLIX He60JlbWHX CTPYKTYP, TO MO)KHO YMeHbmars pasnep K3wa. Ka:>K,IT.bH':'l pas peuraioiuee YCTpoi1cTBO ,nomKHO I1CnOJlb30BaTb Ta6m1- uy MOMeHTOB, KOTopa51 p33bICKl1BHCTC}1 t!epe3 Clll1COK ¢atLl0B B K31Ue. ECJlH B xsure I1MelOTCfI TblC~P-IH q)aHJlOB, TO BpCMH pa01CTa CTaHOBI1TCH JHallHTeJlbHb!M.

rnaBa 3

Teoperavecxae OCHOBbl pa60Tbi EMSight

Peuienae 3JIeKrpO,D;t1HUMH'1eCK0I1 3ruW'U1 B EMSight OCHOBaHO ua peWeHHI1 B cnexrpansnon o6JIaCTJ-1 ypauHeHllM MaKCBeJ1J1a~ CQ:IOPMYJUfpOBaHHbIX WlJl rpexsrepuoro ycrpoacrna, aaxonauieroca B rrp5!MoyrOJ1bHOM xoprryce, 3an:OJ1HeHHOM nnaaapasnnr KYCO'iHO-/lOMaHHbIMH CJtOHCThlMH cpeaass«, 1..feTblpe 6oKoBhle CTeHKli rrpRMoyrO}IhHOrO xopnyca scerna HB.mnOTC~! HJI.eanbHO npoBOMlUHMH. BepXHRH 11 HH.JKlHHi rpanuuu KOpnyca MOryT ssonemtposarsca KaK naeansno npoaonauiae nOBepXHOCTH, nOBepXHOCTM C nOTepHMH M1111 KaK 6eCKOHe'-1Hble BO.ilHOBO,!lbl (B Z-HanpaBJIeHUM).

Ilonaas aanava 3~1eKTpOMarnH_tHOro Mo,uem-ipoBaHlUi scerna paaaenaercs Ha na- 60p aanax B ornensuux 6noKaX, B xoropux MO:+:HO Y:t1CAeHHO peunrr» ypaBHeHHH MaKcse..'T .. na, 3-.'leKTpOMarHl1THhle Mo.rr.eJH1pYIDUlwe nporpaxoru rpanaunonao OTHOCSITC.R. K TpeM xareropaaa: «2-D», <0:3-0» 11 «2.5-D"..

2- D MOneJlapYJOWHe nporpaMMbl MOryr aHaJB13HpOBaTb TOJlhKO nenpepsmuue CTpyKTYPbl, 6ecKoHelIHbic B OJIHOM aanpaazeaaa. npaKTM'IeCKI1, K 3TOMY xnaccy OTHOCHTC~I JH1Wb uneansaue .nHHHil nepezra-nr 11 xexoropsre BO.T1HOBOAHble 3anaYI1. 2-D MOnenapyiouiee YCTPOtiCTBO ananasapyer 11.'taHapHhle CTPYKTyPhl H onpene.iaer rrOCTORHayso pacnpocrpaaeans OllHOpO!lHOrO orpesxa nllHHH, BOJIHOBOe conporueneuae H KO- 3QxP.HuHeHT CB5!3IL 2-D MOllemITOphl cauue 6hlCTpb!:e, HO Hall50~lee orpaaaseaaue.

3- D Mo.ueJIHPYlOlllJte rtporpax Mhl MOryr aHaJtM3I1pOSaTh rrpaKTHl4eCKH JUo6yIO crpYKTYPy 11 npe.l1H33Ha'1eHbI .u,,"'UI pacxera nnaaapasrx KOHqmrypamfH C KoaKCMa.TlhHhI M T-COellHHeHl1eM 11 npyrux .rpcxacpaux 33.11.a4. 3-D Mo.n.eJlHPYIDLUHe ycrpoltcrea MOf}T aHa.1H3HPOBaTh nO-ITM .11106ylO aaaasv, HO OHH rpe6ylOT fionsnrero BpeMeHM 11 60.:1hllH1X Bhl4J1Cm1TeJIhHhlX 3aTp3T.

2.5-D r..m,n:em1pYIOI-UHe nporpaMMhl paapafioransr B OCHOBHOM ).tJlH TUIaHapHblX cxera (conepxaunrx Ml1KPOTI0J10CKOBblC, n0J10CKOBble JiHHMll M T. n.). B TO }Ke npeMH OHM MeHee r1l6KHe, l[CM 3-D nporpaMMhl, HO pa60TafOT HaMHoro 6blcTpee 11 Mn;eMbHO nonxonsr ,!l)lH MllKP0I10JIOCKOBbIX JU1HMtl:, n0J10CKOBbIX H npyrax nO.1l06HbIX KOH<pl1ry~ paU.Hlt

EMSight BbUlO .. 1HCH KaK MonellHpylOlli,ee YCrpOI1cTBO 2.5-D. OH MO)l(eT peiuars nnaaapuue 3a.a.a4H~ a TaJOKe 3a.rr.a'H-1 C nepeMhl4KaMH tlepe3 OTBepCTH:H Ii ,npyrMMI1 Z-HanpaaneHHhlMH TOKaMM. TaKMM ofipaaou, 3Th nporpauua KJtaCCOM ssnue, 4eM 2.5-D MoneJUITOphI, xoropsre He npennonararor 3aIJ.aH1U[ Z-Hanpan.neHHhlX TOKOS. cDaKTMtteCKH) EMSight MO:::K.HO paCCMaTpHBaTh K3K 3-D

Mo..uem1pYlOlli,ee ycrpoacrso, DOTOMY sro OH MO)KeT yttl1- ThlBaTh TOKH, rexyuiae B Z-HanpaB.;1eHHl1,

Ha puc, 3.1 noxasana CTpYKTypa, B KOTOPOti HMelOTCH TpJ1 AW3JleKTpMI.lCCKHX CJlO5!. Ilnocxne npoBOAHHKI1 CqHTaJOTC~{ 6eCKOHet[HO TOHKI1MH J1l1CTaMH Me%.Uy CJ10}1- MM. TOKH Jz, aanpauneuaue no oca Z (pile. 3.1), MO!le~ JIMPYlOT TOK~ Me)K,[l.Y pa3JlWIHhIMJ1 CftmtMM M TOKH, Hanpaancaaue K 3eMJUlHoMY CJ10!O. Z~HanpaBJleHHble TOKM npOTeKJIOT xepes MeTanmp·reCKi-fe nepeMhNKll, cuone.taposaauue KaK KOJ"IOHKH TOKOB B HanpaB.JIeHHH Z 6e3 CO~ craBJUUOUlHX B HanpaB.J1eHH5IX X lL1H Y.

Puc. 3.1. Monexnpyenoe ycrpoacrso CO.J,CP)I{IIT xopnyc X !pH Ali~JU .. \KipJ1'H:CKt!X enos

82

FAa(Ja 3. Teopemuuecuue OCH06bl pa60mw EMSight

T(x·x.2)

5aSV!CHa:;; cpyH!<1$1~

3TH Z-HanpaRlIeHHbIe TOICH - npH6IIH~ xexae, cnpaseanaaoc A1lff CJIOeB~ KOTOpbIe C4HTalOTCfI TOHKUMH OrnOCHTeJIhHO JUlHHhl

BO.n H hI.

T OKM npoBOJlHHKOB npocrpaacrsenno AHCKpen13HpY!OTCH nOcpeACTBOM 6a311CHbIX KpbIlliHhlX $YHKUI1i1 (eM. pMC. 3_2) ,ilJUI TOKOB B X 11 Y HanpaBJIeHH5IX 11 nepesrsrrex, no KOTOpbJM TOKM rexyr B Z-HanpaBJIeHHH.

Pn6WeHl1e npoBo,[[,HHKOB BhlflOJIHReTCH-

f=La .. .-f'f!

.rr. ..

B3S8W8HHa-A C)'MMfl 6B.3t.1CHbtX CPYHKLl.V1~

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~$ :.;

na O,lJ;HOPOLUiOM rrpsuoyrom.aoa CeTKe.

PMC_ 3.2. KPhlUJHU~ $YHKUH>1 H CYMMHpoBa- B npouccce pesuenaa onpenenserca BKJIa.u IHie peUleH»~ B ~!eTo.ile MOMCHTOB no 01lHOH ornensasrx 6a3HcHbIx ¢YHKU.HH TaK. t,[TO Kor-

xoopnuaare na Bee 6aJHCHhle cP-YHKUHH CYMMHpyrorcSI.

BMe1.7C OHH 06eCne(UlBaIDT TO'iHYKl annpoKCHM!iUHKJ TOKOR na nponoztxnxax. Ilpouecc peiueuns paaaeneu Ha orncm.nsre want.

)(4

3. 1 ~ ¢10pMynMpoBKa 3neKTpOMarHHYHOM 3aAa'fM

.Ll,.a.llJIM otiuree onacaaac KpaeBOH: 3an.a"!l1j KOTopaH peuraerca "YJ1CJIeHHO. AHaJU:1311pyeMaR crpYKTYPa MOHOJUiTHOH He HUXO,ll,HTCSl sayrpa rpexsrepaoro rrp.HMoyro3lhHoro 06beMa, orpaunseaaoro 3J!eKTpH4ecKHMH HJlH MarHllTHhIMll CTeHKa~ MIL B 06meM crry-rae 06beM aanonnea CJ10ilCTOM cpenoa, xoropaa Mo~eT COCTO.RTh H3 npOH3BOJlhHOrO 4HCJla H30TporIHhIX O.lI,HOPOAHhlX ;:Ui3JleKTpHKOB MJlM MarHHTHhlX CJIOen, xax nOKa3aHO na pHC. 33.

rae Jz - BeKTOp 06beMHOM IIIlOTHOCTH Z-HarrpaBJIeHHhlX TOKOB; sp Ii J-tp - OTHOCHTeJIbHble ,!lJ13JIexTpW:leCIGUI 11 MarHHTHa};1 npoaanaeaocrs cpea CJlOCB (,JJ)Ui cpeasr c nOTep.2MIi. ep - KOMIlJIeKCHaK BeJUPUIHa).

TOKH! nanpaanexaue MOJIh ocn Z, CtIl1TalOTCH Pac, 3.3. Maorocnothras nnaaapuax nOC1'O.HH Hhl MM snyrpn CJlO:H~ HO OHH MOryr ff3MeHHCTPYK1)'pa co C)!O~MJI1 fle)!{aWl1MH sa

xoopznnarax d, H cpe;Iofi n, Then or elIOS! K CJI 010 ! QTO .aaer B03MO)KHOCTb .ll.HCK-

peTll3a.UlUt no oca Z. TaKHM 06pa30M. Mhl MMeeM meers COCT3B.TUU0ll.U1X 3.'1eKTplP{eCKOrO E H xraranruoro H nons BHyrpu CJI051 C TIOCTO.9:HHblM TOKOM nonepex Hero, Kouncaearu TOKa anon b X 11 Y MOryr cyutecraosars roJ1bKO B MeTalL'mqeCKOM cnoe Z = d;, napannensno« nosepXHOCT5IM paaaena. rpaHHy.Hhle YCJlOBJ1H )l)U1 MeTruvurlJ.eCKOro CJ105.1 HMeJOT BM:

1 z * { H ( +d j ) - H ( -d j )} ~ '1 ; l, * {E(+dj) - E(-d)}::::: 0 ~

dp

dJ do

rAe 11 ~ nOBepXHOCTHhlH. TOK.

3JIeKTpHQeCKHM (E) if MarHHTHhlH (H) aeKTOphl nona cuasaau CI1CTeMOi1 ypaBHeHHH MaKcBe..r'IJIa (B qaCTOTHOM: 06naCTt1):

rotH = ieee pE + J z

rotE = -iroll pH divE;;;::; 0 divH ::::0

(X,y,Z:) en"

(3,1)

(3.2)

(3.3)

Onucauue MOj}eJlUpye~lOii cmpyKmYPbl

MeTaJ1m14eCKl:tH C.J]OH MO)!{eT HMeTb npOH3B0J1hHYlO <POPMY~ f.-IaCTHtjHO C 06JlacnlMH H)J,ea1bH0l-1 npOBOjU1MOCTH~ qaCTWiHO aanonneu MeTIUlJlOM C norepaun, pe3HCTHBHb1Ml1 n . .rleHKaMH H ofinacrsnut, npe,11;Ha31·m~.!eHHblMH n . .Jl5l ,IU·iCKPeTHbIX KOMrlOHCHTOB.

nOCKOJlhKY EMSight ~ 3TO nporpasesa, COOTBeTCTBYlOUl,a5! $Opt.Iyne 2.5-D. see crpyxrypu, xoropue OHa aHaJIH3HpyeTr CBO..rm.TC~J K MHQroc .. 'Io:nHblM~ Ka}KAblH 1:13 cnoes KOTOPh!X - 31"'0 rraccnuuaa CXeJ,m C .QMCKpentht Mil 3}]eMeHTaMH. jlHana30H D03MO)KHblX YCTpOHCTB, KOTOpWe MOXeT aH3.,'1H3HpOBaTb nporpaaua • .!J,OCTaTOLJ:HO WHPOKr HO xacro

'"

MHTerpa;lbHag CXeMa CBt{ Tpe5yeT pa30HCHHe aa HeCKOJlhKO EM-CTPYKTyp H CXeM, CO-

CTOHIlU1X 113 EJ1CKpeTHhrX 3JIeMeHTOS: OTpe3KOB JUiHldf; L; C; FET M. T. n. TIepBhlH mar B peuiennu 3M.a'-Ht c nOMOIU.blO EMSight COCTOl1T B pa36HeHHM crpyxrypu 11 pacnpeneJ1eHl1e ee no CJIOfiM. BKJllO'-IeHHe aKTHBHblX 3J1eMeHTOB npennoxaraer pa3,U,CJIeHJ1e saaal.l}1 na EM-CTPYKTYPY H OT)J,eJ1hHhle cxesn», 11 onacaaue BceM CTPYKTYPbI u BlUI,e 6JIO~ KOB~ l1CrrOJlh3Y» pa3JlHtlHble KOHCTPYKLI,I1H (cu. pHC. 3.4).

<DOPMartbHO B EMSight He nMeeTC~ orpanaseaas na MaKCHMaJlhHOe tHiCJlO CAoeB, HD peansao :;lTO 5~ 10 cnoea. Hacro ecrpesaioumaca c~']~aH C llBYMJI lU1.'3}ZeKTpH.4eCKllMH cnoasnr HCnOJlh3yeTC)I; I.J:To6h1 Mo.a.e.rIH ponars MI1KpOnOJIOCKOBble CTPYKTYpbI ~ KOflI,3 BepXHHH .r]J13.i,eKTpHK - B03,UYX, a HH)t(l-H1i1 - nO.n;IO)K](3 MllKponOJIOCKoBoi1 JIHHI1H. )lH3J1eKTpI1QeCKHe CJTOH MOryr 6hlTh 6e3 noreps MJIM C ITOTepHMl:i (pMC. 3.5), ECJlI1 Bee JJ.l-t3JTeKTpHl!eCKl1e CJ1DJ1 CTPYKTYPbl He I1MelOT ncreps, TO 3JIeMeHTbI MaTPHUbl MOMeHTOB - ,nei1cTBHTeJlhHhle y.llCJIa.

LI.H3neKTpHLleCKM.H C.i'lOH 6e3 noreps HMeeT HYJleBOM TaHreHC yrna noreps Ii nynenyto 06beMHYfO npOBOAHMOCTb. ECJ1H KaKoti: .111160 113 nH3JleKTpH4eCKMX cnoea liMeeT 3TH napaxerpu HeHyJIeBhlMH~ TO DJ!5i pacsera 3J1CMeHTOB MaTpl1Uhl MOMeHTOB rpeoyerell He non b30BaH He KOMnneKCHOJ.1 xrare MaTJ1KH. Il peaayutecrso l(crrOJ1 b30BaHI1H )lH3- neKTpJ1KOB 6e3 noreps COCTOI1T B TOM, l{TO I3hItlHcneHlfe 3J1eMeHTOB MaTpt-f.Ub[ MOMeH~ TOB, HCnOJlb3YlOWee MaTeMaTHKY .n.ei1cTBHTeJlbHhJX {lHCell BhInOJIHR.eTCSl 3Hal·H1TeJTbHO 6bICTpee, 4CM .BWlHfc.rleHM.H KOMflJleKCHblX t.!HCeJI • .lI.JUI HeKOTOpb[X 33.1Ial{ apeM$l, Tpe6yeMoe H3 BbI·H-tC~1eH.l1.H 3JleJ.1eHTOB MarpMUbl MOMeHTOB1 He 3aHHMae-r 5U!lbllIoe Bpe~Ul no

83

84

Isaea 3. Teopemunecxue OCH06bl pafiombl EMSight

" ... ~ L.Jata rHe:

E:J-Ea SChernatict ; '"",iZ Dd~ull Ckl $-~ EM Siru~lure~ i !"i!Z Del ~ull EM i E1'~ Untitled'

I i' .. &EI Frequeney

I i"._ Option.

I 1..,,1!jI~

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("S OIJlpul E<lUdIID~$ i-[J GI~' > 0: O~e~ 5GahL'B O\.tpJI FrlH

PMC. 3.5. ll,Ha..10m OnltCaHJ.UI cnoea, xopnyca l'! rpaxnu B EMSight

cpaSHeHMJO C 06mH.M BpeMeHeM peureana, ana apymx 3aIIaq :nOT war MO)KeT 3aHHMaTh 3HatHfTe3IhHOe epesss.

3a.qaHMe CTPYKTYpbl npOBOp'H~l(OB

KpOMe .lI.H3JIeKTpW:leCKHX cnoes .Il:OJDKHhI 6hITh onpeneneau npoaonnaxa, KOTOpbJe axorna Ha3hIBaJOTC.SI CHrHaJ1bHhIMH, rrOCKOllbKY Tpa,llJfUHOHHO ctIHTaeTC.SI, -rro none pacnpocrpanaercs B.a,OJIb npODO,UHJ1KOB. EM-CTPYKTYpa MO)J(e1' HMeTb HaCTOJIbKO npoHJ,Bom,HYlO ¢OPMY) qTO B Het!: y){(e TPynHO BhI,UeJIHTh Tpa,n,l1U110HHble MHKpOnOJIOCKOsue JIHHHH! lllneif$hl H np, 3J1eMeHTbI. B THITl·:P:IHOM: MHKPorrOIlOCKOBOl1 CTpYKTYpe 113 llSYX ,u,M.3JIeKl'pHQeCKHX caoes npOBO.rI,HHKM 6y,rr,yr paccaarscx csepxy nO)J,.r:tOJKKI1 (CROM 2), npOBO)lHRKH, KaK H mi3JleKTpWKli, MOryT 6hITb CMo,t:(em1pOBaHhl KaK 6e3 noreps (H.neatlhHo npOBO):vnIJ;He), TaK Ii. C nOTep51MH. EClIH Bee npOBO)J;HHKH H Bee .llH~ . .'IeKTpJ-fsecxue CIlOH B CTpYKTYpe He HMelOT noreps, TO peiueuae MaTpl-n~bl MOMeHTOB MO:IKeT 6hlTb Hat'meHo, HCnOJIb3YH Bhi1-U1CJleHMH TonhKO .lleHCTBMTeJlbHhlX ~UlCeJIl I.lTO ofiecne-rasaer 3Hal.UiTeJlbHYID 3KOHOMH.1O BpeMeHH AJl5I fionsruaucrsa saaa«. HCnOJIh30BaHHe xiaTeManf.KJ!I .u:ewCTBIITeJIbHhlX QMCeJT YMeHbllH~T BpeMH pacxera MaTpHl,{bl MOMeHTOB B 3-7 paa (a 3aBHcuMocrn OT napaverpoa aHaJUf3llpyeMoro YCTpofiCTBU).

3 .. 3. Pa36MeHMe tPOPM aa R"Ie~KM

B EMSighf npoH.3BOIU1TC7I pa36H.eHlfe MeTa:1JlHQe-CKHX C..1!Oe:a aa 51QejfKM~ <JT06bl n pencraaurs IL'1aHapHylO KOHCrpYKllHlO B BH;l,e Ha60pa nepexpuuarounrxcs KPbIlliHbIX

, <PYHKUHH B X H Y aanpaaneunsx. KIDKJIaH Ta.K3JI <PYHKIUHl CTpOl-fTC$i na ruIOIU2)IKe, H.MelOlll.ei1 llIMPHHY~ pasnyio no KpatiHeH Mepe O,IUlOH 5!:~eHKe H ,D"JIMHY - nByM _gqewMM. Ea3HCHaH <PYHKUHJ1 HMceT KOH$lirypau~mo (oaua R1.JefiKa na OllHY 7l~ei1KY) Ca1\fOro HaHMe·Hhll1erO TIJIaHapHOro 6a3Hca, H 3TO - rrpHMHTHBHbll1 KOHCTPYKTl1BHhIl1 6.1l0K ll)U1 60JIhllHiX 5a3HCHbIX <PYHKllJ.1i1. npHMHTHDHWl 6a3HCHa.fl <P-YHKU,IUi COCTOHT 113 nsyx npl1MJ1TMBHhIX s-reex. Basacnue <PYHKUHM paaaepox 60JIbWe, l1eM 1 x 1 K'YellKa, KOH-

(/J0PMYJlUP06KQ MemOOa MOMenm08

BOBaTb O)lHOPO)lHO}l CeTKe.

tIml roro YT06h! HCnO}Ib30BaTh Puc. 3.6. na.3HCHbtC wymmHH pacnpenenenuti f1.J1OT~ KPhIlllHYIO 6a3HCHYlO (P YH KUHl01 Heo6- HOCTII TOKa (KPWI.llHbH! tPYHKwm) $op~mpytoTGl pas-

X01UfMO ocyuiecraurs npwB5I3KY TOIIO- !l,t:lIbHO rto OCH"M X H Y

lIOn-HI K CeTKe. MeTOA peuieuns, ncno-

Jtb3yeMblH EMSight, rpeeyer, 4T06bl

reOMCTpIUI 6bTJ1a cornaconana c Y3J1aMI1 O.nHOPO,IT,HOH npavoyroxsnoti ceTKH. o'll,HOPOAHa5I cerxa Tpe6YCTCfI nOTOMY, 4TO T04K11 H3J10Ma xpuui )lOJ1)KHbJ COBnacrs C Y3Jl3Ml1 O)lHOPO)l.HOLi CCTKI1. EMSight BO BpeMH pa36HCHJHJ TOn0J10- rim aBTOMan-IqeCKIiI nepeasauer J1l06bre $oPMbI K cerxe, XOTH '4.aCTO 3TO MO)!(eT npuaecru K Henpe,uSHACHHhlM peaynsTaTIlM. Hanpnssep, oseus Y3KI1e .nHHI1H~ zoropsre H~fe]{)T illHPMHY MeHbwe, qeM UlHpMHa OJJ.HOM: fl4eMKlt, MOryr 6hITh npeapamensr B ¢>OPMhl HYJleSOM !lH1PUHbr. .ll.'HI ¢OPM, xoropue HMeWT rpamr,

CTpYMPYlOTC5l: H3 B3BemeHH 011 CYMMbI npHMH.THBHhlX 6a3H.CHblX QJYHKUH11.. Haupuuep, Ha. pHC. 3.6 110Ka3.aHbl fia- 3HCHble <PYHKUHl1 no .KOOpilHHUTe X. xoropsre COOTBeTCTBym npa MOyroJIhHoff jiqe:HKel nOKaJaHHoi1 B OCHosaHMH rpadnrxa, TIYH1...'TllpHhle )lHHHH na puc. 3.7 npe.nCT3B.1UllOT co6oil OE.HOPO;lHYIO cerxy KOopZUiHaT, B TO BpeM5I KaK crtnoumue .JlHHIU1 npe,aCTaB.T]5JIOT 5P[eHKH c nepeMeHHhrMH pa:JMepaMlf. TaKHe .fp-leWKH 6y.ll.Yf acerna COOTBeTCT-

He coeuanasouute c O,UHOPOllHOH CeT- Puc. 3.7. DalHCHble ¢YHKUflM pa3..'lO::KemHI noaepxaoKOi1:l )KeJIaTeJ1hHO npocnorpers .1p-IelfKJi CTHOfO TOKa. Moneanposaxue TOKOB 10)1:1>1(0 B H(!'-

nepea peutcaaexr, y'To6w Yll0CTOsepU - npaB-1em·m X

rscs, Y.TO pa3fiMeHHe $aPM npoaeaeno

npasnnsno.

Ilpaaeneuasre aa puc. 3.7 rpaqHiKH rrOKa3h1BafOT 6aJJ1CHhIe $yHKll,Hll, acnonssyeMble LUUI Mo)],eJmpOBaHl-la TOKa B HanpaBJlem1H X TOKH B HanpaB.JleHl111 Y6y,uyr npencraanexsi .upyrMM Ha6opOM Ga'3HCHhIX ¢YHKll,Hi1 no OCYI Y. Korna B pacsere npHMelUIIOTCH «kpsnuuue» tPYHKU~H1 KaK 6a311CHhle, TO HX MaKCUMaJlbHbIe 3HaqeHIHI cosnaaalOT B O.ll.HOi1 roxxe 11 OHM panuu uyruo B OCTaJlhHblX Y3.HOBb!X roxxax.

3.4. d)0pMynlltpoBKa MeTOAa MOMeHTOB

PaCCMOTpHM reouerpmo (pHC. 3.8)} me HeCKOJlbKO npOBO;:UIlUilX ofrsexroe naxo.lJ.HTCH B CJlOHCTOii cpene. 3Ta cpena COCTaBJleHa 113 N rrapannensuux CJ10eB Me)l{)l,Y sepXBMM nonynpocrpancrsoa Z > 0 (06b1QHO B03)lyX) 11 3eMJUUl:OH I1JIOCKOCTbiO z = -d,"."

85

86

Tsaea 3. Teopemuseceue ·OCH06bl paoombl EMSight

0 en 0 111 r /:
Z=O
~ I
• 1 CJlOIII ((,1 ,y) -
Z=-d1

1 2 CJ1OIl1 (t2'Y2)
~
4
,
• I
l \
i I
I • ,
\ Js I
, \
Z'o:;_-d i
• ~
1 C1lD~ ( t . ,)J' )
1 \
,
l I
I \
, I
( M CflOLII .. t e\ ~
Z=-dN PYle. 3.8_ M HOrOCJIonHaa cpezia, KOTopaH BKJlIO'4aeT HCCKonhKO npoBolUHUHX 06beKTOB. 3m N cnoea conpaxacaiorcs co Cpe1l.0H, HanO;10BIiHY aanonuenaoa B03,!IYXOM, 0 < z < aJ H HMneJI.alicHoH crenxoa rrpa z =-dN

npe)l,n0J10)KHM~ -rro IIJIOCKOCTb COnpM.KOCHOSeHIHi ,t(BYX CJIOeB MO)KeT 6bITh CMO,lJ;eJIJlpOm nana KaK MMne,n:aHCHaJI rpamrua, aa KOTOPOM cyutecrayer npOCTaJI CIDl3h Me)}(Uy xacaTeJlbHbIM 3J1eKTpi1'-:leCKl1l\f E, 11 MarHI1THhlM nOJ1eM H; a HMeHHO

(3.4)

rne Z, - nOBepXHOCTHblM HMne,naHc (S 03HaQaeT surface - noaepxnocrs). 3JIeKrpHQeCKHe 11 MarHYlTHble CTeHKl1 BKJUmreHhI B ypasnenae (3.4) KaK qaCTHhle CJIyqaH npn Z. = 0 HJ1H ZS = 00 COOTBeTCTBeHHO. Cyurecrnonaime I1MnenaHCHOH: cremes nonpasyuesaer, 'ITO 3a,.uaY:a MO)KeT 6hlTb peurena 6e3 3HaHHR ¢JaKTlftleCKHX nOJIeM:, xoropsrc MOryr CYllleCTBOBaTh HI-DKe KOHe'IHOll rmOCKOCTH Z = -d N'

Ka)KLJ:hl:H CJlOM C'1I1TaeTC.n H30TPOTIHhJM (O)lHOPOAHbIM) H C B03MOJKHbIMH norepxMH, T. e. MaTepHaIT HMceT KOMITJ1eKCHYlO .ll.H3JIeKTpW-IeCKylO nOCTO.IIHH)1lO e H KOMTIJIeKCHYlO rtpouauaevocn, I.L

Aseopums« MemoiJa .fttoMenm06

Aaanoruaao npennonaraeu, ~ITO MeTarIJ1My.eCKl1e npOBOAHHKH B CJIOl1CTOti: cpcne XapaKTepH3YIOTC5I rpaHMy.HbIMH YCJ10BlllIMJ.1 aa CBOMX nOBepXHOCT5JX

(3.5)

cue 4" - nOBepXHOCTHblH MMne.uaHC, pannsrii uyruo )1)HI nncam.aux 3JIeKTpl-J.l:leCKJ.1X npOBO,lJ,HHKOB; n - BHeWHl1H BeKTOp, HOPM3.i1bHbIH K nOBepXHOCTM S (pnc, 3.1); J, ~ noaepxnocrusni TOK, cyuiecrayrounrji B npoBo;U:HJ1Ke. 3TOT TOK B036YJK,!l,aeT nOJIe E" 11, B CBOJO o-iepens, C03)J,aeT OTpa)KeHHOe I1/HJlM .ll.H¢paKU¥loHHoe none Ed (Bee nexropu). CYMMapHoe nO .. ne B ypaauenmr (3.5) ~ CYMMa, B036Y)l()laeMbIX 11 pacccaeacrasix (JI.11$paKUHOHHhIX) noneii.

,l1,w:ppaKUHoHHoe nOJIe Ed B Ka:>K,B,OH TOlJ.Ke MO)lCeT 6hlTh nstpaxeao c novcun.ro

DBYXMepHOH <PYHKll,IH1 Fpnua G E (d r'):

=

dEd(r) == G£(dr') .urvu,

(3.6)

rne r ~ Cl1CTeMa nonapuux KOopIU1HaT. CYMMapHoe .uH!:ppaKW10HHoe none nOJIYQaeTC5I l1HTcrpMpoBaHlieM ypaBHeHH.H (3.6) nazi nOBepXHOCThlO npOBO,ll,HHKOB S.

Crporo rosopa, BJIO)!(eHHbIe I1POBOIl,HHKH .uOJ1)KHbl paCCMaTpMBaThCH KaK .D,M3J1eKTpHKH~ HMelOlllHe OqCHb BbICOK!1e OMM4eCKI1e norepa, £1 xaxaoe ~-IaCTHOe none gd 5I.BJ1JIOCh 6hl pe3YJlhTaTOM 3KBHBa'IeHTHblX MarHI1THbIX TOKOB, onpenenenuux na nOBepXHOCT5lX npOBO.1XHWKOB. Onaaxo eCJU1 rrpOBo,a:I1MOCTb O'-leHb BbICOKa5l, 3TliMll MarHHTHblMI1 TOl(3MH MO)KHO npeaeope-u, OKOHlIaTeJTbHO, rpaauuaoe YCJIOBl1e (3.5) npl1BOAHTCH K BMY

(3.7)

KOTOPblti 5lBJHl:eTC51 o606ll1,eHHoi1: CPOPMOH HHTerpaJIbHOrO ypaaaenas ::meKTpW'JeCKorO n0J151 (EFIE-Electric Field Integral Equation) )J,JUI HeM3BeCTHoro TOKa Is. cI>YHKUMJ:I

fpIHm G E (rl r') 113BeCTHa AJIH npOCThIX CPOPM, nanpnuep, ,il,JI5I npHMoyrO}lhHOii nnomanKH ero AHarpaMMa Hanp3BJIeHHOCTH nOJISI I1CTOlJHI1Ka, 6J1H3KOrO K T04.e'4HOMY. 3HaK HHTerpHpOBaHl1H B (3. 7) ~ 3TO CYMMl1.pOBaHMe nonea OT scex nnoutaziox, no KOTOPbIM TeKYT TOKI1.

Ql.1cneHHbIe MeTOAbI peurenna HHTerpaJlbHoro ypaBHeHJ1.R (3. 7) CBO)15ITC~ K TaK Ha- 3hIBaeMblM npoeKUHOHHblM, K KOTOPbIM OTHOCllTCH H MeTO,U MOMeHTOB, flBJUllOlUHHC5I pa3Bl1Tl1eM MeTO,lJ,a Fanepxaua. B MeTo,n:e Fanepxnaa 6a311cHbIe CPYHKlIJ1M 11 <PYHKlJ,JU1 TeCn-IpOBaHI:Hl. M,ll,eHTJ.1lIHhl. B MeTO,ll.e 1WMeHTOB I1CnOJlb3YeTCH 6a311CHhle TpeyrOJlbHhle (xpuuuuae) ¢Y'HKUMI1~ I1 .II.eJlbTa-QJYHK1V1H KaK BeCOBbIe (auorna }IX Ha3bIBalOT TeCTOnsie). Ecrnr 6a311CHbIe 11 BeCOBbIe q,YHKUI1 11 pa3..'lWIH bl ~ KaK B MeTo.rr.e MOMeHTOB. TO npaaas '-laCTb CHCTeMhl ypaBHeHHH npaooperaer KaK 6hl «MOMeHT». BMeCTO HYJleBoi1 rtpasoii xacra.

3.5~ AnrOpiJiTM MeTOAa MOMeHTOB

MeTOA MOMeHTOB (MoM) npeoripaayer HHTerp3JlbHOe ypaeuenae (3.7) B CHCTeMY anreopaaxecxax ypaBHeHHM, KOTOPaJI peWaeTC5I '-:lJ.1CJ1eHHO. Meron MOMeHTOB llHfPOKO ncnomcyerc« B COBpeMeHHblX nporpauaax (uanpnraep B Momentum, Microwave Explorer, IE3D).

nOBTOpllM, xro cua-rana MCTaJ1J!wreCKa5I 06J1aCTb pasonaaerca H3 MaJ1hIe ::])leMeHrapnue 5Jl-leMKI1, VI 33ll.aJOTC51 rtpocrsre annpoKcH.MaUlUf ,rJ)UI uouepxaocraoro TOKa na KIDKIlOH .SIl.feHKe.

87

88

Tsaea 3. Teopemll;lIecKue OCH08W pa60mbl EMSight

PU3Mep ~qeeK 3aBHCHT OT xapaxrepa H reOMeTpHH aana-ra. B JI.!060M cnyxae JIl1- HeH:HbrM passrep wreifKM He ,[I,OJDKeH npeasicars OIlBY necsryio OT ,IVIHHhl BOJlHhI.

Hel13BeCTHblC TOK.M Hy.:KHO Pa3,;"'!O)KHTh B CHCTeMe oa3lfCHbIX $YHKUl-d1 (cv.

Ta6"1. 3.1). l.J:To6bl 330M B npencsax I1}"[Q1ll3J1KH 6bIJI nOCT051HHhlM, TOK pacrer mmeHHo OT O)lHOrO xpas K APyroMY. B o6l.ll.eM cny-rae nOBepXHocTHbH1: TOK 6YJleT saaacers OT zisyx xoopnaaar X. y, HO n03MO)KHO MCn0J1h30naTb 6a3ilcHbie ¢YHKUHH, xoropue BH)1Tpl1 Ka)f{).1oti ,Rl,lel1Kl1 nocronuuu n,a,OJ1h noneperraolt KOOpnMHaThL 3ro II03BOflneT pasJ10)l(I1Tb it J., ITO KOOp)l:HHaTe x 11 y, coorsercraeaao, HO MMeIOUJ;Hl1ca cBH3aHHbli1: aapaa B 3TOM cnyxae aecaarynapen.

Hexoropsre B03MO)KHbIe Ha60phl A~ B, C 6a3iicHbiX M TeCTOBblX ~YHKUHn; onpene.lIeHHbIX B npasroyronsaux OQ;laCT$lX, rrpvlBeaeHhl B rafic1. 3.1.

Ta6nu~a 3,1. SUOhl oa3ucHbiX U aeCOBbJX q,YHK4UU

Basl1:c::a::w:e cPYHlI!u;m:-.t BeCOBble
To!>: Saps:I,lJ; 4>~
~ ~ ~
-a , ..: .:~:'_,-~::,:1 I
. - l·~ , .. ' -
A -a " - +a
+a ' ',"'.' ..
" .. _--
2-D MeaHAP 2 .. 0 xpsuua
20 - xpsnua (~ J:OIlllle'l')
. -
-~~ -,=.,j:::: .l!, J I I
1
+aJ2 ..
B +a ~al2
20 - 2 .. 0 MeaH.Qp i-o Hl\UIYJll.C
Kpb1Wa (~~ m;nn:e'I')
,I :;u:.1 t
1 -a12 I 1
.... - .-
C -a/Z +a/2 +al2
t llirneHHaH ,Il;elth ra -tPYlOOJ;lli1
2D-HMDVTIbC r!Jyrucu;mr }lHpaKa )l.HpaKa
,; Marpuua MOMeHTOB ¢opMwpyeTC51 na OCHOBamn·[ TeCT060l1: (aecoaoa) !lJYHKUHl1.

Cyuiecrsyer, no KpaHHeil Mepe rpu B03MO)KHble KOM6HHaUHl1 6a3nCHhlX M BeCOBhlX $YHKUHi1. C T01..J:KH 3pem'B:r McnO.1h30BaHH5i Dana armpoxcavauau peureuaa, MO)KHO CtfMTaTh, 4TO MeTOJI. MOMCHTOB 3TO C01feTaHl1e KPhHllHhlX 6a3BCHhlX <DYHKll.HM M MeTO~1.a Fanepxnxa.

Kps; WHaH d}YHKll,lUI JI)lH )J.ByX COCTaWUnOllJ,IIX nOBepXHOCTHoro TQKa COCTOI1T TaKiKe H3 J.lBYX KOMnOHeHT013 J_.x 11 JsY' COrJ1aCHO ypaBHeHIHO HcnpephIBHOCTI1 6a311CHhle {}}YHKUHH ,u.,'HI 3aps:w.a qJ MMCIOT BI1.IJ; MeaH)lpOBblX Q)YHKUHl1 (Ta6}"J.. 3.1). Yparmemm

AnZQPUmM uemoda MOMeHm06

MPIE TeCTlIpYIOTCH (npOBep.HIOTC.sr) B STOM cnynae, M.CnOJIh3YH re )Ke caasre <,KPblWHble» ¢>YHKUHH, B OTJ1WU1e OT MeTO)1,a I'anepxirna, rne 6a3HCHbIe If TeCTOBbIe cpYHKIum paarrsre. Onpe,n,eJII1M <PYHKl1.11lO T, KaK BeKTOpHYlO KpbJWHYlO Q?y:HKUIHO, CB.5I3aHHY10 C nBYMR CMe:JKHbIMH .lfqeHKaMH Ss+ Ii Ss- (pac. 3.9). rpaHl111S 3THX ,UByX ~qeeK 0603Ha4:I1M KaK 0. B 06~eM, HaM HY)KHQ paccuorpers N; <PYHKll..HM B nanpaaneuaa x 11 N, r.pYHK~ llJ,ll1: B nanpasneium y, 11 TaKHM o6pa30M ofiuiee 4HCJIO 6a311cHhIX ¢JYHKUHll paBHO N=Nx+Ny

i ::::: 1, ... , Nx i=Nx+l, ...• N.

(3.8)

TOK 11 sapan npe,Tl.CTaBJI5IlOTC5I B anne N

i, ;:::: La);,

j=!

(3.9)

rne Ui llBJUlIOTCH He113BeCTHbIMH K03IP$llUHeHTaMll, a ¢YHKU!1H I'l, = -\I . Ii I jro HMelOT CPOPMY npRMoyrollhHhlX MeaHnpOB. CTaH.napTHOe npinrenenae MeTona MOMeHTOB rerteps ,n;aeT MaTPWmOe ypasuenae (xoropoe nonyxaercs, nO.llCTaB}I5BI (3.9) B (3.7))

Mo. =b.

(3.10)

+ S-

I

.)

.......... " ""'" . .

b)

PHe. 3.9. npO,lWJIhHble ceruearsr recrapoaarum Cit CB.lI3bIB31OIUHe uearpsr CMe)KHblX H<fCCK S7 II Si~' Ilonepevusre cen.1eHThl C: H C,- conepxar .rUlIUH1 TIJIOT)-IOCTI.f 3apMOB B rosrxax cornaccaamia

89

90

Esaea 3 .. Teopemuuecxue OCH06bl pa60mbf EMSight

3J1eMeHThI MaTpHllbI MOMeHTOB M OmtCbIB3IOTC9 BhlpaxeHHeM my = Gij + vij + lij)

(3.11)

rae BKJU1,lJ,bI 113JIYQaeMbIX A, orpaxaesiux VlI OMW-leCKJ.1X (rennoaux) noreps I pasau COOTBeTCTBeHHO:

aij = jw f 7;(p). fGA(plp')' T/p')dS'dS,

Si Sj

(3.12)

Vij ~ ~ J ITj(p)· f Gv(pl p')IJ j(p')dS'dS~

jw s s

, J

t, = z, J 7;(p). Tj(p )dS.

s,

(3.13)

(3.14)

4Hc.neHHYJO npoueaypy $OPMYJlHpOSaHim II COCTaRneHHSI MaTpHUbl C Mb! aafimonaeM KaK npouecc C03naHH~; 3anOJ1HeHlliI H peiueana MaTpHUhl MOMCHTOB.

3 .. 6. cbopMMpoBaHMe MaTpMLlbl MOMeHTOB

Ilpnveaenae xserona MOMeHTOB .!L'UI peureuna 3J1eKTpOMarHHTHOH 3a,.Qa~H ~ TIO npnveneiuse sapnauaonuoro nonxoaa, CBO.1I,SUueroc.R K onTl1MH3aUJ.U1 BeKTOpa BceB03- MO)KHblX peureanfi c uellhlO MI-1HHMM3aUHH CIPOPMYJU:lPOB:UlHOH ue .. neson ¢!YHKliJ1H. B HaweM cnyxae UeJ1h COCTOl-1T B y.u,OBJIeTBOpeHI1H rpaHH4HhIM YCJlOBIHIM ua rpauuuax Ka)KJloJ1: .Sl'-:leMXH~ na xoropue pa36wTa aaanuaapyexas CTpYK1Ypa.

4ro6hI rrposecrn Ha4arJ.bHYIO annpoxcnaaumo MCKOMOti <PYHK1I,HJ1 (pacrrpeneneHHC TOKa Jsx 11 Isy B aauresr cny-rae), Heo6xo.DHMO Bb16paTb Ha60p 6a3HCHhlX cPYHKUJui (y Hac 3TO xpsnunue CPYHKllJII1). 0603Ha411M 3TOT Ha60p fI, .Ii I jj, ... B 06JJaCTl1 xopnyca no KOOp):Ui.HaTaM M 11 L 11 nOJlO)KHM

i=L,.anfll' (3.15)

n

rne an - HeI13BeCTHbIe nOCTOflHHbIe K03¢$MUHeHThl. M J.1 L - 3TO 1ll1HeHHhle orrepa-

TOPbl (MaTp11UbI), OTH1ChIBalOUJHC CKaJUIPHYlO cpeny H CBH3aHHhle xepes C05CTBeHHble peWeHH$I. (':IllCJIa) A:

L(f) = f~M (/).

(3.16)

M H L 3aBI1CJIT OT MeTaJIJH1tJ;eCKMX (jlOPM Ii xopnyca. OO;J,craaJHHl (3.15) B (3.] 6), HMee..M

(3.17)

Teneps npeDJIOJWtKl1M, -rro onpenenena OnepaUH5I CKaJTRpHOrO rtponsseneaa» (HJ1I{ npoexuaa) <f, o>, me (0 - aecosas CPYHKUIHI.

Torna Mbl" Bbl6HpaeM Ha60p TeCTOBhlX (JUU1 BeCOBhIX) $YHKuuil (J)j, ff(2) (()J B ofinacTM L H M 1-:1 npoeeneu TeCT11.posaHHe 1lJ!$i Of ofinacrcji (y Hac m - Bee Si4eMKM, xoropsre HY)KHO «nepeceus» co BceMH llPynlMH C rea, lfro6bI y.uOBJleTBOpHTb rpaHWlHhlM YC,J10- Bl1llM na ncex rpanuuax). C'UtTaeM, '-iTO .!LITH Ka)!(J],oil: ToqKH m (T. e. na BHYTpeHHHX rpaxnuax 5l4.eeK) 3TH npOJ13Be)leHHH (npoexuan) pasnu

(3.18)

Onpeoeseuue nopmos (J :MeKmpoiJuHOMU.,;eCKOU 3aiJa'U!

rne m = I, 2~ 3, ... MODi'T 6hlTh aamrcansi KaK aneuearst MaTpHl.l,bI

(3.19)

HTaK, MarpHua MOMeHTOB 11.Meer BUll

< illl, MJ; > < Nt< Mfi > < ~. MJ; > < ro.;., Mfi >

[mmn] = (3.20)

Jleaas MaTpuua (1~",] HMeeT BHll (3~20)~ HO C 3aMeHOH AI Ha L. ue.KTOp-CTOlI5eu [all"] - sexrop nOCTO.1IHHhlX qHCeJi (KOTOpblM, no cvra, nurercs).

Ypasneaae (3.18) lfMeer pemeune, ec..nJf

detl1mll - A.m~1tI1 = O. (3.21)

HTaK, ::lJ1eMeHTbl MaTpHUhl [ml1ll1 ] ecrs <w;}" MIe>. 3ra npOeKU.Hf.I - J1HTerp3JI KaJK.uoj;i 6a3HcHoM (xpsuuaoa) Q:>YHKUMI1, YMHO)KeHHOll na TeCToBYlO Q:JYHKUHlO Oli. 3Ta MaTpwu,a rpexvepn aSI. Cnasana I·mXO,lUiTCH CBH3H na nepsoa cnoe, 31:n'eM Me)KC}lOllHble CBJJ3J1 ua OCHOBaHMH YCJlOBlfit (3.4) :l1 (3.5).

TaK KaK MaTpHUbI MOMeHTOB MOfyr 6hITb OqeHb 60JlhWMMH; TO B KIDK,UhIH MOMeBT BpeMeHM TO.nbKO onna MaTpYn~a MOMeHTOB MO)((eT YMeCTH.TbC5I B orreparnsaoa naM51TH. P8.3Mep 3a;:I,al.H11 KOTOPaJI MO)KeT 6blTh peurexa EMSight, onpezienaerca TQJlbKO 06111J1M 06'beMOM ¢U13WleCKOll naMHTH, ,n::OCTYOHOB: J1.JHI xpaHeHM5I MaTPI1u:.bl MOMeHTOB. IlporpaMMa EMSight 6Y.lleT peiuars 04eHh Me)UIeHHO, eCJHI MaTpHUa MOMeHTOB He YMew:aeTCH B 03Y M 'rpefiyer lIcnOIl.b30BaHl1JI naxozsiueacs ua ilHCKe BHpryarlbHoH nall.HITH, 06'beM nasorra, TPe6yeMbIH ,!J,JIH 3anOMHHaHlill MaTpHll,bI MOMeHTOB, nOK33aH B )l . .HaJIOre Information MeHlO View.

Marpnua MOMeHTOB - sceraa CMMMerp}pmrur MaTpH ua, EMSigbt t\W:KeT coxpaH1!Tb MaTpHUY MOMeHTOB KaK nOJTHY.IO MaTpuuy (coxpaaas Bee 3JlCMeHThl) }L'Ui K3.K CHMMeTpH:I.[HYIO MaTpHUy (rue TO}IhKO nO}lOBHHa :;meMeHTOB coxpaaeua). 06blQHO J1yqwe scero HCnOJlb30BaTh CIiMMeTpw·myro nasrars, TaK KaK B 3TOM C.I1YQae Tpe6yeTC.H no_10BH.Ha naM~TH. E.n,HHcTBeHHhlt'I CJtY~lan, me asironao I1cnOJ1h300an. nOJIHOe peuraroutee ycrpOHCTBO - xorna BC.Si ssarptnta yueiuaerca B rraMHTH, If BC.I1 MaTpH~a JJ.etfcTBI1~ TeJlbH351 (Her noreps B Lm::~meKTPYlKaX; nonnoxxax M.rm rpaxnuax). B ?iTOM crrysae peuraiouiee ycrPOl1CTBO OTITHMH3HpOBaHO Ii patioracr 3HatIHTe.1hHO 6wcrpee; qeM peurarouree ycrpoacrso, xoropoe ucnonssyer CHMMeTpwmoe XpaHCHHe (S;1,Boe 6blcrpee!). ECJUf onuaa Matrix Solver yCTaHoBJ!eH3 KaK Default (puc. 3.12), TO EMSight aBTOManrqeCKM Bhl6epeT JI)IT1ll111ti MeTOll na ocaoaanua pa3Mepa 3a,.u;a':ll1 11 aocrynaon qni3lP-reCKOM naM.RTJ.i.

3w 7 .. Onpeneneuae noproa B aneKTpOAMHaMIo1"1eCKOL:; aaAal.Je

KpOMe Toro, tITO ypauaeaue (3.17) casasreaer rpana-rusre YCJlOBW5I aa nOBepXHOCTHX scex sxeex, CYll.I,eCTBYK>T eure nopTbl,KoTophle HMelOT coficrneuuue rpamrsuere YCJIOBJ.1.R.

AHaJul3i1pyeM3H CTpYKTYpa 33MKHyra QerblphMa npOBo..tvHUHMH creaxaxa. a B llil0CKOCTfIX CTeHOK aepxaea H HIDKHetl: rpannusr xopnyca, MOryr 6h1T'b nonyoecxoaes-

91

92

Tsaea 3. Teopemusecxue OCJI06bJ pabomt« EMSight

Hhle npaxroyronsaue BOJ1HOBO.llbL I'paaa-r asre YCJlOaiUI )1JlH nosepxnocreii paanena CJ10eB 11 cpen - oro ¢OPMYJIl1pOBKa saaasu, KOTopaH rperiye r nonyseuue O,IJ,H03Ha~lHOro peurenas, Paanu-nnae rpaHW{Hhle yc.nOBHH naHbl B Ta6JL 3.2.

Ta6nu4a 3.2. rpaHU'1Hble ycnoeuR Ha noeepxnocmu pa3dena cnoes

I ._._ ... ;.- ._- =~"
I 06JJaC1'h 6e3 MeTa.l!n-!JaUlU1 lj=O
I ... ~-
2 MeTaJlJIl1JalVUl 6e3 noreps 1< * E(dj)=0
3 i I1 onepxnocra bl i1: >'~M[le.!IaHC 'I = oE
~ f 11dy =: Y;, J Exdx
,I 4 I 06nacTb [lOPTa BD,Onb OCI1 x (TO xe caxroe B.!IOJ1b OCM y)
C I
t ~
! BH)IJ"peHHH~ nopr (otinacn, nucxperuoro 3J1e;\1eHTa) BD,OJ1b j lldy = Y; f E,_.dx I.
~ 5 I Den x (u aHaJlOH:ly.HO B.n,:O}lb ocn y)
c 1
6 Bnyrpeu Hl1H nopr B,IJ,OJll,OCI1 Z If j.dxdy = YJ J Ezdx ,
c I ;
'" . - rW~" -_. , DOPTbl HCnOJlh3YIOTCH ,[[,.lUI BbIBOJI.OB Elvl-cxeau, ITpaKTI14eCKH He HMeeTC51 HHKaxoro orpaaauenna ua llHCJlO noproa, KOTOPbIe MaryI' 6hlTb onpenenensi ,UJl51 crpyxrypu EMSight. nO,UKJl104eHJ1e nopra B 3JIeKTpOMarHl1THOM CTpYKType - ::lTO CBH3blBaHl1e noncxex pa3HbIX xareropuir: cxeuer C pacnpcacncaxsnnr napaxerpann H ~HCKpeTHOTO nopra, f103TOMY.rUUI YBeJ1w .. [eHl1H TOl-lHOCTI1 pac-rera npl1MeHHeTCH aJlrOpHTM ncxmo-reHIUI (de-embedded)! non KOTOPhlM TIOHl1MaeTC51 npouecc HCKJIIO'-:leHIrIR BmHIHlHl: na OKOWIaTeJlbHble pe3YJ1bTaTbI pacxera Heo,UHopollHOCTH B 06JlaCTH nopra.

ECTb 3 pC)KHMa pacsera: 6e3 I1CK1llOtteHl151; aJlTOPHTM 6blCTPOro I1CKJIi01.{CmUr; aJIrOpl1TM crannapruoro HCKJ[JO~jeH1-:Hr. ECJIM ira CTopOHe J1MeeTC5I 60,J1bwe) !.!eM O,UMH nopr, TO 3Ta CTopOHa 6y.ueT MC101101laTbCH, J1CnO . .'1b3Y.H CTaH,u:apTHblH anroprrrst J.1CKJUO- 4eHlUL ,lI.JU:I CJ1YQa5I, xorna onopnue ITJIOCKOCTM l1MelOT HyneBYIO ,nJUIHY (onopnas nJlOCKOCTh J1e)KHT Ha rpaunue. xopnyca), scerna l1CnO}lb3yeTC5I fulfOPHTM 6bICTporo I1CIGlfOy.eHlUI.~ ..a:IDKe xorna na CTopOHe I1MeeTCH 60J1hIll c, 4eM O,a,HH nopr, I1cnOJTb30BaHMe peJKHMa Use fast deembed (6h1CTpOe MCKJ11O'-:!emfe)3¢<peKTI-1BHO ronsxo rorna, KOfna J.1I\leIOTC.I1 znsa B03MO:>.KHbIX cnoco6a ,lIJUI llCKJ1lO~IeHHJ[ nopra Ha CTopOHe. EM Sight acerna aBTOManttJ:eCKM Bh16HpaeT KOppeK1;"Hhl:H: MeTO,U (eM. pHC. 3.10) .

. ~: :--:: ~ ;,.",

t'itu£'h:.",,"

PHC. 3.10. Pa30HclH1e nennrena MonHiOCTH ua }ll.(etlKH I1 YCTaHOBKa O[lOPHbIX flJ10CKocTel1

Aseopumm UCJ(.AlOlJeHUR

Pa3Mew,eH5IIe BHeWH .... X nOpTOB

PHC. 3. II nOKa3hIBaeT cpaaneuae Me)l(J(Y noprou B reopna ueneii li nopTOM B EM Sight. B reopaa ueneii (cxeua cnesa) HMelOTCH UBa nopra. Ka)l(,[{hIii nopr l1MeeT ABa asraozra, HIDKHl111 BblBO,ll. B 0611leM cnysae HBJUIeTCR 3er.rneit TIPil MOAemipOBaHl1e B EMSight, nOKa33HHOM ira pile. 3.1l cnpasa, cexinrn JIlIHIIH 3aKaWU1BaeTCg Ha xpaio xopnyca, M B 3TOM MeCTe HallMHaeTCH nopr, KaK 11 B cxevc TeOPHll ueneii, HMelOTC5.[ zina nopra, II KIDK)lhIH nopr llMeeT zma nsiaona.

1

:2

. .

-

. .

. .

Qf------IO

PMC. 3.1 L Cpasaexne Me}l{,l(Y cxeMol1, paCCtIMTblEaeMoj;j MeTO_nOM TeOpl1H ueneJ'.1:

H pea.1H30aaHHOn B EM Sight

OAHaKO B EMSight BMeCTO 3a3eM]HllOmefi ITJ10CKOCTH, MO,Il;eJm:pyeMol1: KaK npocroe xoporxoe 3aMhlKaHHe, Yl.u1ThlBaeTcH BJII1HHRe TOKOB, rexymax Qepe3 xopnyc,

napaMeTpbl EM noproa

Koraa C03.n.aeTCH nopr, OR aBTOMaTH'-!eCKH KOHqnfrypl:1pyeTcH KaJ( BHeWHHH C npHCYlUHMH eMY XapaKTepHCTHKaMH. 3TH XapaKTepHCTHKH YCTaHaBJIHBalOTCSI H MO.n:HCPHl1,MpylOTC}] B AHaJIOrOBOM OKHe EM Port Properties.

TIo.rrQ)Kj1TeJIbHbIH C.D..BHr onopaos IDlOCKOCTH npneannaer a npouecce HCKJ1lOtIeHIHl K cxeue JIl1m1JO nononaarensnoa MHHhl; -racro BCTpeqaJOTC5I JUIHMJ1 oTpHuaTeJIbHOH ,!l,JIHHbl, qTO cnsnraer onopnue mrOCKQCTH BHYTph xopnyca, Onopaax rmOCKOCTh noxa- 3bIBaeTC)l aa TOnOJIOnm KaK XlfpHa.!I CTpeJIKa.

EM Sight nyxrepyer rrO}JTbI aHTOManPleCKH. Ecna Bhl XOTHTe H3MeHIITb paasrcp, HJIl:! )lJIH JH1HJIli TIUIa ITa3 BHeCTl1 mryrpenane noprst, MO)l(ere TOqHO orrpenemrrs unrpmry Width II )J.JlHHy Length. 3aMeTbTe: unrpmra 11 ,WU1Ha 113MepJleTCJI OTHOCHTeJ1hHO HarrpaBJIeHH51 J1I1Hl:1l1 nepeaaux.

3g8. AnropMTM L1CK.nIOLleHMSI

Axropirra HCKJIIO'-leHl1SI (deembedding) YlKe paccMaTpIIBaJICH B rnase 2 npa ornrcaHRM YCTaHoBoK pe::KMMa pacxera. OR Heo6xonllM nns uaxoxncann Svnapaaerpoa BH:yTpeHHeti: CBq CTPYKTYPbI, I1CIIOJIh3y~ onopasre nJlOCKOCTH, 11 HCKJIlOQeHlU1 BJIM5I:HM51 noproasrx neoznropoanocren na pe3YJIbTaThI pacsera, JIl1HM~ OT KPaH xopnyca .0;0 onopnon rmOCKOCTH Ha3BaHa feedline (rraraioiuaa JIJiH1Ul). Koraa aJIrOpHTM MCKJ1lOQeHMSI (de-embedding) BbIKJIlOQeH, OJIOpHble IVlOCKOCTH connanyr C rpaaauasnr xopnvca, rne pasxemeasr noprsi, 11 pemeane 6yneT conepxars BJIHHHHe nopros (rrapannensnue eMKOCTI1 Ha rroprax). Korna BKJ1lOtIeH aJIropRTM De-embedding, HCn0J1b3yeTcH anropHTM aemOMamU'leCK020 HCKJlIO'ieHIUI.

93

94

Tsaea 3. TeopemUlJeCKUe OCU06bl pa60mbl EMSigltt

Ilpauep. Ha Pl1C. 3.12 noxasana MO,1l,.eJmpyeMruI crpyxrypa. ECflH cxeua CIRCU1T 6YJ~eT sxmoueua KaK nOJl.CXeMa B npyryio HHTerpanhHYlO CBq CXCMY, TO MhI ,lJ,OJDKHhI 05S13aTeJ1hHO l1CKJHOYHTb HeoJlHopOAHOCTM 11 norpeumocrn, xoropue BHOCMT B pacser HCO)lHOPO,[l,HOCTh nopra. Torna HY)KHO Jl,taKCHMaJIhHO y,!l,aJlHTh OT cxevu neonnoponnoCT£1, M I3bI6paTb )l1IlIHbI orropHhlX JUH:l.HH KaK MOJKHO 60J1bUII1MH. ECJU1 BbI npoexrnpye're cxexty TaK, ~JTO nopr COCTOI1T 113 JlHHHI1~ xoropaa 3aKaH1.IHBaeTC51 KOHeLIHOM CTeHKOfJ, KaK xacro HMeeT MeCTO lI,JUI MHKponOJlOCKOBhIX JU1HI1M, TO He HYJKHO I1Cn0J1b30- B~nb l1CK.r'1lOLJeHlIe (deembedding), nOTOMY '{TO EM Sight Mo,n,eJ!!1pyeT cxesiy, KOTOpylO RbI cpaKTHy.eCKH C!l>0PMHPOBaJ1H.

PMC. 3. l2. Hn:.rllO'leHHe (de-embedding) cxeuu, Mone."lHpye"lOfi EMSight

O,1l,HaKO MO)KHO MOAeJm:posan, M3}IbIH: cerssear 60JlbllI0J1 cxeMbl. rIYCTb B cxeve aa pUC. 3.12 HMeeTC51 TIOpTOBa$l CMKOCTb M3-3a npHcoe,rnmeHJ.153: K CTeHKe orxpuroro KOHua JU1Hi1l!. Ilpouecc MCKJllOliCHlHi YAaJl51eT 3TO )l.OnOJIHYlTenbHOe peaxrnsaoe conporanneaue H cornacyer m1HHlO nepenasn 'TaK, KaK 6y.nro 6bI JlJ.1HI1J1 11 xopnyc npocrnpaJU1Cb CHapy:.KH no 6eCKOHe\IHOCTH,

Flpa HCKJUO"lJ.eHHI1 HY)KHO Bbt6paTh OTlTl:[MaJIhHOe nOJIO)KeHJ1e orropnott TIJlOCKOCTH. no YMOJI4aHl1l0 C)J,BHr onopaoit nJ10CKOCTM nyncaon, 'lTO oaua-raer, l.J:TO pesynsrapyioUUIe naHHh1e 03Mep2JOTCH TO"HW no 60KOBOH CTeHKe. ECJIl.1 C.I1,BJ1f onopuon fLTlOCKOCTI1 OTpWUaTeJIeH, TO naausre li3MepmOTca BI,!yrpa xopnyca, B Aet\CTBl1TeJIbHOCTM BhIql1TaH .ll)lHHY H3 CXeMbI. ECJIM cnsar onopnoil nJ10CKOCTI1. IT0J10)KHTeJ1eH, TO )J.aHHhIe Ii3Mep~lOTC$[ CHap)')KH xopnyca, npW6aBJlfUI 1I.1H1.HY K cxesre.

6nOK B uerrrpe pHCYHKa, HOMCqeHHhlH KaK CIRCUITj CO)J,ep)Kl1T xaxansaue pe- 3YJlbT3Thl MO)J,e.:1HPOBaHMH EMSight. PeaKTHBHoe conporaaaeaue X (nOK333HHoe K3K I1HltYKTHBHOCTh) Ko:..meHCl1pYCT eMKOCTb rpaHHy.Holi CTeHKH; a TaKJKe Y'4.HThIBaeT aaJH14}te npyrax peaKTHBHb[X conporasseuua {seJHl4.1ma X MO){{eT OhlTh OTpl1UaTeJIhHOH M qaCTOTHO 3aBHCHMoB).

JblHHH RefShift, pacnoncxenuue CHap}')KU, nepeaetuator onopxsre fL'IOCKOCUl B xoppexruoe Mecro. TaK KaK J1.11HJ.U1 RefShift TaIOKe nOMoraIDT Y.Jla'HITh aeonnoponaoCTM xa rpaaaue, HX ,II...1"HHhI 06hlY.HO He HYJleBhIe, naxe eCJ1J1 onopxsm cnanr, YCT3HOB.neHHhlfi ,Q)lS! nopra, uynenoa. Ilonaoe cortpornanenue JJHHllH RefShift paBHO nonaovy conpoTHB.,1eHl:11O nOpTOB011 JU1HBH, TOT.Aa TaK 'TOJlbKO iPa:m cueuiaercs :ITllMH .1lfHIHI-

MM. MO,uYJlh Ko3¢q,mIHeHTa orpa)KeHH51 He MeH5l.eTC5L

IlapaMeTpbl llJUi MCKJ1104eHIHI BbPfHC."Ul.IOTCfI..nO nonuoro 3Ha.1H33 cxexu«. EMSight .aenaer ::lTO aBTOMaTHqeCKH~ aHartM3HpYH )1.Be JIHHHI1 pa3..HMllHhrX )lJH1H Ha K.aJK.!lOH xacTOTe ,!L1a KIDK.B:OrO l1CnOJlh3yeMoro nopra.

Sauemuu: Deembedding rpeoyer nononxarensuoro pem:HMa aHaJ1113a JU1HHll B nalIaJ1e pacxera, TaK l.JTO pacser I l1CnOJIh3YlOllJJu'1 deembedding, MOiKeT 6hlTh ,U,JIMTeJ1bHbIM.

M20PUmM UCKAlOlieHUJl

3TO OC06eHHO BWKHO, xorna JU1H!1l1 B TOI..(KaX nOpTOB ll!l1pOKI1~ TaK KaK WI1POKaH J1lIHI1H MOJI,eJIHpyeTcR nonepex xopnyca. O.ll,HaKO al-IaJIH3 ]111111111 scerna CHMMeTpM4eH, H MO%eT 6blTh CHMMeTpWfeH B nBYX r1J10CKOCT5JXI eCJ1H nopronue J1HHHH noaeureun TOQHO B cepeauae xopnyca, EMSight 'raioxe 3anOMHHaeT pe3YJIE:.TaTbI 3HaJH133 JUfHHH, TIlK YTO eCJlH xoprryc H nopronue J1HHIU1 He H3MeHeHbl, 6Y)J,YT l1Cn0J1b30BaThCJI npenuAYI..U.He nanmte.

ECJfM YQHTbIBaeTCH .!l,J1MHa O.!I.HOPO)J,JIO:H J!HHHI1 ncpcnasr: (crpyxrypa 1I.06aBJIHeTCH lim: YAaJUleTC5I OT nopra), S-MaTpHua MO~I1¢llnlJlpOBaHT{oH n-nopTOBmi CTpyKTYPhI MO)l(eT 6hITh paCC'''U1T3Ha, HCn0J1h3y.H CJ1eAYlomY10 3aBl1CHMOCTb:

(3.22)

rne: [So] - MaTpHL.!,a HCXO,fl,HOJ1 CTpyKTYPbl; [eY/] - .ll.l1arOHaJJ..bH35l: srarpaua co C..Jle,1I.YIO-

lll.HMH 3JIeMeHTaMll:
e'l/l 0 a
0 e'"'ll!2 a
[er,] == a (3.23)
0
0 0 0 0 e"'· "fi = Ui + jl3i - KOMnJIeKCHaJI nOCTOHHHaJI pacnpocrpaneuns co CTOPOHhI i-nopTa; ai - nOCTOfIHH3n 3aTyxamui BO .. HHbl rropTa i;

Pi - rrOCT05!HHaa pacnpocrpanenas, CB.H3aHHaJI C O,D;HOPO,llHOM JII1Hl1eH nepe.a;a'll1 B nopre i;

Ii - nmnra O;a:HOPO.nHOti llMHlU1 rrepenaxn, KOTOpa>l. 6hlJIa ,n:06aR)1.eHa lL'l11 ynanena OT CTPYKTyphl B nopre i.

nOJIO)l{l1TeJIhHruI Bem-IG]1Ha l, YKa3hIBaeT, QTO J1)lHHa JH1HHl1 rrepeztasn 6bIna yaaneaa OT CTPYKTYpbI. Bena-nnra li,U,1I5I OCHOBHoro BH,o;a KO.'1e6aHI1H: KaJK,!l,OrO nopra asrouaTHqeCKH pacc-tarsmaercs ,11,BYMepHbIM peuraroutaxr YCTPOHCTBOM ..

3aTyxalO~Me Kone6aHIUI 1/1 S-napaMeTpbl

B crpyxrypax, conepcxaumx TOJIbKO pacnpocrpaumoumecs THITbI BOJIH (MOAbI), BbInOJIHeHHe 3aKOHa COXpaHeHJUI MOl.L(HOCTH 11 oztpaayxreaaer l uro

(3.24)

O,Ll,HaKO B crpyxrypax, conepxaurnx peaxruensre (He pacnpocrpaamouureca) TilflhI BORH, 3Ta 3aDMCMMOCTh He 06S13aTeJ1hHO BhmOJIHHTC51. C 3TH!'.1 cnyuaea BCTpeqalOTCJ[ nOJIh30BaTe)lI1 MWO H .nenaior HerrpaBHJIbHbIM: DblBO)); 06 olUM6Kax pa60TbI rrporpavMhIj oziuaxo ::lTO He TaK. HYJIeBa5:r nOCTOHHHaa pacrtpocrpaneuna p 3TI1X MOA cnaaereJ1hCTByeT 0 HaJilfl.{He peaKTMBHo:i1: MOmHOCTH 3TO}1 MOabI npa BhIQMCJIeHHM S-rrapaMeTpOB M aro YBeJHP-ll1BaeT KIDKYWYJOCR MOmHOCTh CTpYKTYPhI. H}')KHO paccnorpers S-napasrerpsr MH aaryxaxnuax K0J1e6aI-nlM, '!T06hI npe,1I.CTaBMTb Hanp5J)f(eHHOCTb nona, cnasaaayio C 3TH!'.H1 MO.ll.3Mli na noprax ..

95

96

r.!108a 3. Teopemuuecxue QCI106bl pa60mbl EMSight

3.9 ..... JIICl1eHHOe peureuue MaTpL1l.\bl MOMeHTOB

l[To6bl onpcacmrrs HeH3BeCTHhIe aMIIJll1TY,11,bI 6a3HCHhlX ¢YHKUllH, ncnonsayensrx M51 annpOKCHMaIJ,MH mlOTHOCTH TOKa na npOBOAHI1K3X, Heo6xOAl1MO peunrrs MaTpW:IHoe ypaauennev Marpuna, KOTOPaJI ,IlOJDKHa 6hITb peureua, uaastsaerca MaTplluei1: MOMeHTOB. OHa KS3)l'paTHaR xrarpnua C OlI,Hoi1 CTpOKOM 11 O,[HOH KOJIOHKOH )l)1R Ka)K)J..OH. 6a3HcHoi1: ¢YH KLl,HI1 , C03,il,aHHOH B npouecce pa36l1eHH5J na R\reHKH._ Ka)f{AhlM ee 3JIeMeHT ODl1Ch!BaeT CB.H3b Me)K)l,Y 6a3l1CHhlMI1 CPYHKU,M5JMH_ Hanpnvep, 3J1eMeHT MaTIH:!UhI MOMeHTOB B nepnoii crpoxe Ii BO BTOPOM cronoue npencrannaer CBH3h Me)f{)lY nepaoii 11 BTOpoN 6aSl-1CHbIMH 4JYHKIl,I15JMH.

06hlY.HO BbPHtcneHHe 3J1eMeHTOB MaTpHUbr MOMeHTOB 3aHHMaeT 60JIhlliYlO qaCTb BpeMeHl1 B MeTo,[e MOMeHTOB. B EMSight I1CnOJJh3yeTC5! anropirrxt 6bICTporo npeofipa- 30BaHHH cDYPbe (En<!J), t.{ToGbr 06eCne'-lI1Tb 6bICTPbU1 11 3CP<t?eKTl1BHbIH MeTO,n, .lIJIJl au'H-iCJleH£Ui 3JleMeHTOB MaTpl1l(bl MOMeHTOB. AnrOpJ1TM EI1¢ BhJ1-:lI1CJUleT 3JIeMeHThi MaTpMllhl MOMeHTOB ,lJ,SyMfl uraraxra,

Ilepsua mar - rexepnposaane Ta6JII1U MOMeHTOB, He 3aBl1Ci!WMX OT tl>aKTJ1'-IeCKllX npOBO,llHHKOB, xoropsre lU1CKpeTH3HpOBaJU1Ch BO BpeM51 npouccca pa3611eHH5:I na aneMeHTbL Ta6lH1Ubl MOMeHTOB 3aBllCHT OT paavepa xopnyca, I.IHcna paanenon ceTKH~ orrpeneneaaux ,LI,.HH xopnyca, xapaxrepncrux AI13JIeKTpHtIeCKHX CJlOeB, HX TOJ1lll,HHbI, rpaHWfHhIX YCJlOBI1M B BepXHeM 11 HIDKHeM cexeanax xopnyca, 11 1.{aCTOT anannaa.

Bropoit war - BbI't1l1cneHlle :;meMeHTOB MaTpMlI,bI MOMeHTOB, l1CrrOJTh3YH Ta6JUfIl,bI MOMeHTOB. 3JleMeHThl MaTpMu,hI MOMeHTOB xroryr 6hlTb 6hlCTPO BblYHCJIeHbf H3 Ta6JU1lI, MOMeHTOB nocne roro, KaK OHM 5blJIH crcxepapoaanu. Hanpuaep, MaTpHu,a MOMeHTOB, KOTOpa5I COOTBeTcTByeT CB5I3M Me)I(,UY UByMH npHMMTMBHbIMM 6a3HCHhIMM <PYHKllHJlMH1 MO)KeT 6hITb BbIQHCJIeH3 nocpencraoa CYMMJ-1pOBaHI1JI xersrpex 3J1eMeHTOB Jf3 Ta6JlJ1U MaTpMUhr MoMeHToB. )lJIJI. He npMMHTHBHhIX 6a3HCHhIX CPYHKUMM (T. e. 6a3HCHblX ij)YHKUHH 3JIeMeHTOB1 ITO naouiana 50JlbllH1X qeM (1 x 1) .!p-:letiKl1) 3.neMeHTbl MaTPHUbI MOMeHTOB Bhlt1l1C}UHOTCn CYMMHpoBaI-meM 3J1eMeHTOB CB5I3H nplfMl1TMBHhiX fia- 3HCHbIX cPYHKllHH. Baaucaue CPYHKIJ,l1H, xoropue 11 0 xpun a lOT oxeas 50JIblllOe KOJIW:leCTBO npHMl1TlIBHhlX H4.eeK1 MOryr rpeoonan, 60Jlbllll1X BblYMCJll1TeJIbHbIX sarpar, 'no6bl BbIlIHCJUITh MaTpl1UY MOMeHTOB. 3TO 6YJJ:eT HaH60JIee 3HaYl1MO, KOfAa vnaxaoe pasfineHHe ceTKH liCn0J1h3yeTC51 OTHOCJ.1TeJ}bHO ra6apl1TOB npoaonaaxa. EC.j'U1 mar Fill Moment Matrix (3anonHeHI1C MaTpI1UbI MOMeHTOB) 3aHHMaeT 60J1hlllOe BpeM5I) KaK noxaasmaer MH.!:n1KaTOp X01l.a patiors; EM Sight (pnc. 3. 13)~ TO 3TO 06b51CHHeTC51 ocooennoCT5IMll reaepupoaauusr Ta6m-J:U MOMeHTOB, xorza acnonssyercs anroparsi Enc:D_

P!1C. 3.13. B npouecce pacsera MaTpHUbl MOMeHTOB naerca C006weH!1e 0 xoae pac-rera, Hanpl1Mep, «3J1eKTpO~arHMTHbl~ pacxer.. )K,lUlTe», «3anoJtHe1-U1:e MaTpMUbl MOMeHTOB na ~JaCTOre 0.1 I'I'u»

lJucAeHlLOe petuenue ssampuuu MOMenm06

06b[l!HO OCHOaaHHble ua Efl<tJ nporpavxsr pa60TalOT HaH60Jlee 3QlcpeKTHBHO, xorna 4J1CJ10 pa3)lCJIOB CeTKM 2 B Ue,IlOH creneuu. B El\lSight acnonsaycrcu 60$, OCHOBaHHoe H3 CMewaHHot'1 CHCTeMe HCl{HC.1eHi·Hi, 4TO SlB..1ReTC5l 3qxpeKTHBHhlM, xorna 4HCJ10 pa36I1CHHl1 2 B KaKOH-TO creneua tum. nposaseaeane Ma:1blX npocrux Ql1ce,n. HanpnMep~ eCIH1 I1cnO.H":3YTOTCH 100 pa36ueHt-ti1, TO anropnrsr 6YlleT Dee euie oseus 6hICTphJM, nOTOMY -rro 100 = 2 ' 2 . 5 . 5, rne 2 1-1 5 - Malhle npocrue tIHC}la.

ITOCKOJlhKY Ta6.'UIUhI MOMCHTOB 3aSHcn:T TOJlhKO OT xopnyca 11: pacnonosceuaa nOJ])lO)KeK, OHM sroryr 6h1Th coxpaucnu 11 ucnO,;lh30BaHhl )1...'151 c..'lellYlOlUl1X MHoroKpaTHhIX 3TanOB peurexaa 3aAaYJt~ B KOTOPOi1 TOT )KC xopnyc 11 crpyxrypa nO,JlnO)KeK (u Te )Ke caxue tlaCTOTbl aHa1.H3a). EMSight ucnonssyer anropnrx, KOTOPblH aaTO).:IaTM.4.eCKH COXpaHHeT 3TH ratinnuu B K3-IlI-naMHTH xoxmuorepe An}! nocnenyiouiero acnonsaosaHHJI. ,1lJlJt MHOfH.X aaaax (xanpnuep, ananas Ml1KpOn0J10CKOBbIX HeO,llHOpOllHOCTeH) renepapoeaane rafinau MOMe·HTOB OTHI1MaCr Ha}l60JlhllIee BpeM.H B npouecce peuieans. ll;IH TaKHX 3a.U.aQ MHorOKpaTHoe ncno .. "Ib30BaHHe npeneapurensno coxpaneauux Ta6- JU1U MOMeHTOB MO)KeT CYll1.eCTBeHHO YMeHhlllHTb BpeM.H pemenna. Koraa ucnomeyerc» peuraiouiee YCTPOf.iCTBO FFS (6hlCTpoe uacroraoe CBHnHpOB3HlIe)~ speMR renepaposaHI-Hi Ta6mu,,tbl MOMeHTOB MO)l{eT 6blTb 04eHb 60J!bllH1M1 TaK -rro I1CnO)1h30BaHl1e K311111- pyeMblx r-a6J1MU MOMeHTOB c FFS peiuarouiau YCTPOMCTBOM ooecneuanaer 3Ha4llTeJ1bHoe YMCHbweH He speMeHH MO)lem1POaaHJ.1JL

PeweHlile MaTp~u.br MOMeHTOB

OOCKOJIhKY MaTpHlJ,hl MOMeHTOB MOryr 6blTh OqeHh OOJ1hWHe, TOJlbKO onaa MaTpMua MOMeHTOB HaXOD..I1TC.$I B RAM 6 ,a,aHHbIl1 MOMeHT BpeMeHH. Paaxrep aaaax«, KOTOPruI MO)l(eT 6blTh peureaa EMSIGHT ~ orpaHH4HBaeTCH qm3114eCKHM RA.M, nocrynusrsr llJUi. coxpaaenas MaTpMllbI MOMeHTOB< EMS[GHT CTaHeT pafiorars ua nopsnox Me.nneHHee, eCJUf MaTPHua MOMeHTOB He noxeuiaerca B RAM M Tpe6yeT BUprya.'1bHOll naMHTH aa )KeCTKOM LU·fCKe. 06'beM naM.RTH, Tpe6yeMh!H lL1R xpaHeHHH. MaTpHubl MOMeHTOB OTo6pa)KeH B !U1aJIOrOBOM OKHe Information OT MeHK> View. Ilasee, ecnu OUeHKa Tpe60saHJ1~ RAM peuraer, LITO Ka)f(Jl,wil He HMee-r .n,OCTaT04HO RA.M, llTo6bI peunrrs rexyiuyro MaTpnuy} nepen peurenue« 06$l3-areJ!hHO oro6pIDKaeTCS zusanorosoe oxao Information.

Marpnua MOMeHTOB 5IB"l~erc~ H cHMMeTJIl:IY:Hoi1 l:t fVlOTHOi1:, CMMMeTpW-iHaJi B CMhIC.ne, -rro 3J1eMeHTbl - sepsaasnue i·no6pruKemul npyr zipyra OTHOCHTeJ1bHO naaroHa.nH MaTpUUhl (Zit"" = Zmn). DI10THm! B cuucne, tHO osem, HeMHOfHC :::meMeHTbJ MaTpliUh1 Hy~1eBhle. EMSight MOJ.KeT XpaHI-iTb M3ipHUy MOMeHTOB KaK nO.ITHYlO MaTp'"uzy (coxpanss nee 3JJeMeHThl) U;1i1 K3K cHMMeTpHqHllil Marpilua (rae TO~1bKO nOJJOBHHa 3.llC·MeHTOB coxpaneaa). TIOCKOJ1bKY 'B1C,rw Hel-I3BeCTHhlX Bcm14HH CTaHOBHTCH 60JIblllHM, Tpe6yeMblM RAM (3Y) ,II,...-'15! nnornoro MaTpHl{HOTO nansra nponopuxouam.uo ~U1CJly HeH3seCTHhlX seJ!WIHH B xsazipare (navsrs = KmNl.L rne K; R.B.,Tl:HeTCH nOCT05IHHOM. Meroz xpaueuua .ueHcTByeT TO~1hKO xa nocToHHHYlO Km) HO He Ha 3aBlfCI-1MOCTh N2, l1cnOJlh30naHHC CHMMeTpJ1H. MaTpJ1Ubl Il03BOJIMT peniars saaasy c npu6J!H3HTeJ!bHO 60Jl blUltM KOJ1HQeCTBO B 1,4 paa HeW3BeCTHbIX. )laJIee, MaTpIUI,a KOMnneKCHM, eCJIl1 cnonenapoeaauas CHCTeMa He 6e3 noreps. l1cnOJIb30BaHI1R xovnnexcaoro Y:Mcna B,[(BOe 60J1bWe xpaaenne KaK seurecraenxoe '(.lHCJIO, TaK aHaJIorW-IHO tmCJIO HeH3BeCTHhIX BeJlHlU1H, Mil KOTOPblX MO)KHO peunrrs, Moryr 6hITb YBeJUP-IeHhl na npI161U1311- TeJIhHO B 114 paa, ecna cacrexa 6e3 TIOTepb.

Meron XpaHeHI15.1 onpenenea OnmlRMI1 B Matrix Solver. Peuraiouree YCTPOMCTBO Full Direct XpaHI1T nOIIHYlO MaTpI1UY, B TO BpeMH KaK peuiarouree YCTPOi1CTBO Symmetric Direct Solvers 11 Bee peuraiourae ycrponcrsa Iterative Solvers xpaaar TO,;1hKO nOJ1O-

97

98

Fsaea 3. Teopemu.lf.eCKUe OCH06bJ. paoombl EMSight

BliHy xarpmtu. Donee roro, HHTepaKTHBHoe peuraiouree ycrpoacrso Iterative Solvers rpeoyer 60JIbllIYJO nasorrs, KOTOpaa_ 33.BHCiiT OT Bb16paHHOrO peuraiouiero yerpoacrsa " $aKTIp·leC1GIX 3JIeMCHTOB MarpHUbI.

PemaIOLUHe ycrpokcrsa Direct Solvers, HMelOlUHec.H B EMSIGHT BKJI1OQaIOT Mem TO)(bI xpanenns MOMeHTOB Full (IIOJIHoe JaDo;lHeHI1e) H Symmetric (CMMMeTpHqHoe Jam nO.l1HeHHe). llo y:MOJllJaHlUO sanaercs npJIMOe peutajouiee YCTpoikTBD, KOTOpoe nsrraeTCH Bhl6HpaTh orrraaansnoe pemeuae, na OCHOBaHHH CTPYKTYPbI EMSIGHT M noCZYflHOH RAM KOMnhlOTepa. TIPH 3TOM 1m11 pcutaroiuae ycrpoacrna Fun KJIH Symmetric BbI6paHo. Peruaiouiee YCTpoi1CTBO Fun xpamrr nonnyio MaTpMUY l rorna KaK peuraiouree YCTPOitCTBO Symmetric xpamrr TOJlbKO nOJIOBHHY MarpI111bI. Pa3HOCTb MeJK~ JIY 3THMM .llByMH MeTo.rr,aMl1 ..rreJKM:T B c:paKTWreCKOM rpe6yeMoM npeMeHH peureana. KaK qaCTO npOIiCXO,llJIT B npnpone, Mhl ,IJ,OJDKHbI Bb16HpaTb Me:iK.IIY O)l,HHM J:1 JJ.pyn1M, TaK 06- cronr neno H c npaMbIM peuraiouraa ycrpoacreou. Anroparv 06bI"YHO penraer MatpHu.Y. HCnOJIh3Y:H nOJ1HYlO naM5lTh, cYlUeCTBe~Ui:O 6hlCTpee~ 4eM HCnOJlb3YH CMMMeTpnqHytO naxsrs. KaK npamoto, ,ll.IDI KOMllJIeKCHOfi Ma'rpHUbI, MbI nonyqaeM YCKopeHHe B xerupe pasa, B TO apexs KaK .1mR ,UOOHHhlX Ma'l'pHU - B naa pasa,

IbY'LfeHMe IL'IOTHOCTH a.rrroPHTMOB TIIUIMOro pernaiouicro ycrpoacrsa noxaausaer ~ 'ITO rpetiyexoe 1;HICJIO uraros peurenna, 11 TaKlfM 06pa30M -rpe6yeMDe BpeMH peWeHH51, IlpOnOpUHOHaTJbHO KY6y HeH3BeCTHbIX BeJUlqHH (BpeMH = KtN! ), me K, IIOCTO:HHHaJi. Ilpa H3J..leBeHHH aJIropHTMa1 MhI BJIHR:eM TOJIbKO Ha K; a He na N3• TaKHM 06pa30M, xorna passrep sanasn YBeJIHt.HmaeTCH, ape M.R 1 Heo6xo,!UfMoe ua peurenue MaTpHqHOro ypaSHeHlli1, .rr.OMllHRpyeT :e MeTO)J.e MOMeHTOB EM.

HTepal.{JfOHHOe peUJBHHe MSTPHi.CbJ MOMeHTOS

KaK cnenycr H3 Ha3B3HI1JI MeTo,n:a I HTcpaUJ10HHlJe MaTpl1QHble peuiaiounre ycrpoticraa nnryr aexrop pemeuas MaTpHqHOrO ypaBHeHlliI A x = rhs llTepaUI10HHO, Hrepaunomnre MeTOAbI penrenna MaTpwIHbIX ypaBHeHllM: YMeHbwalOT BpeMf.I MOLl.eJlHposaaaa na nopsztox, HO OHM 60JIee xanpaaxsr npn HCnOJIh3QSaHHH, qeM npaxrsre peuraioume yerpoa CTBa. <I>aKTHqeCKH~ noxa xosmuorep llMeeT )lOCraTOqHO RAM, npaMblC peiuaioutae ycrponcrsa He 'rpefiyior xnxaxoro BMeUmreJlbCTBa nOJIb30BaTelHr. 0.11- HaKO ecnn 3TO Heo6xo,ll.MMO MOXHO nORTH sa 3Ha'turreJlbHoe YMeHhIlleHHe BpeMemf peiueaaa, RCIIo';'1b3Y.ss: arepaunoaasre peurasonnre YCTpOHCTB3. PeKOMeH,il;yeTCjI B nepBylO oxepezn, ll.cnOJIh30naTh npHMbIe pernaiounte ycrponcraa nepea nOTIhlTKOH ncnons- 30BaJU15I srrepatmoaaerx peuraronrax YCTpOl1:CTB. ITpHBe)leM crrHCOK npotinex peureaas M3Tlm4HhlX ypaEHeHHH nrepauaoxasrx MeTO)lOM:

• arepauaoanue MeTOAhI He rapaarapyicr CXO,l],HMOCTh K npaaansaossy peureamo;

• Bpe~UI peIIIeHID! It)HI HTepaIlHOHHOro peiuaiouiero YCTpO~Ciaa YBeJTH~nfBaIDTCR }lIlHeMHO C YBeJlWICHHeM llliCJla npaasrx qaCTeii, WIH B repxaaax EM; qUCJla nopros;

• MTepaU;HOHHhle MeTO)J,bl CXOMTCg na 3a,u,aHHOM ;lJ;OnYCKe II sarexr OCTaHaBJ1J1Ba~ iorcn - 3TO 06bI~lHO He CBH3aHO C MaIDHHHOH TOtIHOCThlO;

• He HMeeTCJI TOqHOro cnoco6a C006UUlTb sapanee TPe6yeMYlO RAM, BpeM:H pacqeTa1 6y.n.eT rnt npouecc CXO,lJ;I1TbCH, noxa lib! He cnenaere nOnbITK}' sroro;

• arepaunomrue peuraroume ycrpoacraa Bblro)lHbI TOJIbKO .ll!1a: Ol{eHb 60JIbWOrO KOJH:J.qeCTSa HCH3BeCTHbIX BeJlHtHiH;

• eCJIH npaBHJJbHO BbI6paTb napasrerpu pacsera, BpeMH. peureaas MO.:KeT 6hlTh MHH)TI'hI~ BMecro sacon !tn.~ uexoropsix 3aIl.att.

gut:Aennoe pellleUUe MampU~bl MOAtenln08

Ilens nrepauaoxaoro peuraiornero YCTpoMCTBa COCTOHT B TOM, 4T06hl Ha:HTH sexTOp pemctm.R X, KOroPWM peuraer cnenyioutee MarpW1HOe ypasaeaac

Ax = rhs,

(3.25)

PeUlaJOLUee YCTPOHCTBO neaaer nepBYJO oueaxy peinenus BeKTOpa x. 3aTeM ncnonssyercn trrepauaonnsia MeTO)l, QTo6bI onpeztemrrs annpOKCHMaUHiO ,lVI.SI peiueaan, ocaoaauuoro ua npenunyuren oueuse If I1H$opMalJ,IHf, nOJ!yt!:eHHOH M3 MaTpHUhI. 3TOT npouecc npO)],02DKaeTC$l, noxa He BhlflOJIHeHbJ KpHTepHH CXO$1J1.1OCTH, 06bl'-:lHO pace-mrsiaaa OWH6KY B nparoi1 «acrrr. 3TH uTepaWfOH Hhle MeTO,Uhl 04.eHh noxoxn Ha MeTO)lhI OnTHMl:I3alil'.IH ,LI,.JHI N nepeueaaux, 11 npa 3TOM SCTpeQaKJTC5{ re xe C3MhIe rrpoonexu, HanpMMep CXOIUfMOCTh.

tIr06hl npeononers 3TH rrp06JieMbI, HCrrOJlL3yeTc5I MeW)! npeoeapumessnoeo yCAO~ BUR. OH BKJllOQaeT YMHO)l(eHl1e npanon H neBO~ Y:aCTl1 MarpJ.1Y:Horo yprumeHIDI na MaTPM:U:Y P, Ha'3bIBaeMOH npeoeapumesutuu yC/106ueM.

(PA)x = (P rhs).

(3.26)

9To yM uoxenue aa P C 06eHX CTOPOH He H3MeH~eT peuieane aexropa x. ECJUi BeKTOp HBJlHeTC51 peureuueu Oll.HOrO ypaBHeHHR ~ TO OHO 6y.ueT TalOKe peureaaess npyroroo OnHaKO 3TO YMHO)f{eHHe MO)i(eT lf3MeHl1Tb CKOPOCTb CXO.1lHMOCTH urepanaoaaoro rtpouecca. Paccnorpnsr c}l.Y'-lafl, KorA2 9TO upensaparcnsaoe YCJIOBHe paSHO 06paTHOH xrarpnue A(P = A-1)_ B 3TOM CJlY4ae npemanyuiee ypasaeaae ynpoutaercs, t{T06hl .nars HaM TO'·l:HOe peureane IDUl X.

(3,27)

O'--!eSI1I(HO, eCJ1I-1 Mbl CYMenH onpcnenars 06paTHYlO MaTpHUY A, rorna Mhl He non:tKHhI MCnO)lh30BaTh HTepaUHOHHblt! MeTO,u_ Bonee roro 3TOT npouecc, KaK BbHlIeynm,lH~ HYThli'1. rpefiyer ~NJ BpeMeHH H KmNZ na1\UiTH RA.._\.1. O)lHaKO MOXHO aaners, I..J.TOj xoraa MaTpl-iUa P nonaraercs paaaoa MaTpwue, 06paTHoH A, np06~1JeMa craHOBI1TCH npouie H T3Ki-1M 06pa30M npouecc CXO,rU1TC.H 6hlCTpO~ MCnOJih3YH arepauaouaue MeIOl1bL 3To 6hl.J10 nO)UBep)!{,!!,eHO 3KCnepH.MeHTaJ1bHO.

TaK KaK rpefiyerca SpeM:H, nponopuaoaansuoe KIN3 H naaars, nponopuaonansHaH KmN\ '1To6b-l peunrrs o6mylO mlOTHYlO MaTpHUY, MHoro MeTO_lI.OB 6hlJlO pa3pa60T3- HO lI)lH YMeHbllIeHI1JI ~)TOH 3aBWCJ-1MOCTH na On_HH nopanox N KaK rtpasnno, 3TH MeroJIbl nenaior npe.llIlOJIO)KeHHH OTHOCMTeJIbHO MaTpHUbI, xoropue He cnpasennaasr K 06- mei1 MaTpMUbI. 3TH MeTO,1.U>1 HMelOT neno C nexoropun BH,ll_OM ID'IH pa3pe)KeHHol1:

MarpHueH ~ rae MHoro HyJleH~ xro peuraer MaTpHUY 6bIcrpee C MeHbWHM KO..-'IHqeCTBOM RAM. <t>op~mpoBaHHe npenaaparensnoro YC.110B1Ul P npnMeWieT O,!I.HH U3 3THX MeTQnOB 11 nocrnraer npR6mnmeJ1bHoit H.HBepcMH A BO BpeMeHH KmN2.

,UaRee- npuseaex 06WHH KpaTKHH 0630p roro, KaK paooraet lITepaUl10HHDe peura-

icutee YCTpOHCTBO.

Bh1611paeTca nasansnoe npennonoxeaae sexropa peiuenna x. c:!>OPMHPYeTC.fI npH6JU13HTeJIbHaH MaTpl1lI,a A.

BbUlOJlH51eTCH nasepcas 3TOft npU6JU-f3HTCJIhHQH MaTp"Uhl ~ H 3Ta MarpJ1Ua aa- 3bIBaeTC5I sapaaee npenonpenenexuaa MaTPHua P<

11 M3TpHlJ.a A, ff npasaa xacrs MaTpM'-IHOrO ypaBHemffi rtpensaparensao YMHO)f{alOTC5I na sapauee onpenenennyio Marpl1uy P.

Hcnoasayercs arepaunoxasnt sreron, lJTo6hI onpenemrrs annpoxcnxamno nns peureaus, OCHOB-aHHOro ua npe.rrhl)lymefi oueaxe peurenaa H MHqmPM3UHH, co6paHHofi

99

100

DW8Q 3. Teopemunecxue OC1l06bl patiotm» EMSight

OT MaTpHlI,bI. KaK rrpaBHJIO~ 3Ta HHtPopMaLUIH nonysaercs npu aeKTopHOM YMHO)l{eHHI1 MaTpHIl, (PA)x.

HTepall.l:IOHHhIH MeTOD. npO)lOJDKaeTCH, noxa He BbITIOJIHHlOTCH KpH.Tepl1H CXO,!l,I1- MOCTlf. Hanpuuep,

(PA)x - (P rhs) < tolerance.

(3.28)

BbI60p npensapirrensasrx YCJIOBllM: 6y.a;eT llMeTh cansaoe B..'IJ1BHl1e sa xapaxrepnCTaKH CXO.!l.IlMOCTH; l1CITOJIb3YIOlll,l1e HTepau,110HHhIH. MeTOD,. 3AeCb HaXOJU1TC~ xovnpoMHCC.

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