POWER SUPPLY

Power supply can be defined as electronic equipment, which is a stable source of D.C.
power for electronic circuits.
Power supply can be classified into two major categories: -
 Unregulated power supply
 Regulated power supply

UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY: -

These power supplies, supply power to the load but do not take into variation of
power supply output voltage or current with respect to the change in A.C. mains
voltage, load current or temperature variations. In other words, we can say that the
output voltage or current of an unregulated power supply changes with the change in
A.C.mains voltage, load current and temperature.
A block diagram as shown below can represent unregulated power supply:

A .C. INPUT
RECTIFIER FILTER
LOAD

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY

REGULATED POWER SUPPLY: -

These power supplies are regulated over the change in source voltage or load
current i.e. its output remain stable.
Regulated power supplies are of two types: -
 CURRENT REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES
These are constant current supplies in spite of change in load or input voltage.
 VOLTAGE REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES
These supplies supply constant output voltage with respect to
the variation in load or source input voltage.
 Block diagram of a regulated power supply can be given as below:

A.C.
Vac RECTIFIER FILTER
LOAD
REGULATOR
Vdc VL
INPUT

UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

CIRCUIT OF REGULATED POWER SUPPLY WITH HALF WAVE

RECTIFIER AND IC-7809 AS A REGULATOR

IN OUT

COM
T1
10TO1 OUTPUT
C1 C2
D1 D2 D3 D4 0.1uF
1000uF

Here diode D1, D2, D3 and D4 forms half wave rectifier. Capacitor C1 is
filtering capacitor. IC-7809 is used for voltage regulation. Capacitor C2 is
used for bypassing, if any ripples are present then it eliminates those ripples.
As IC-7809 is used so it gives 9v dc regulated voltage ideally. If we take
16 volts transformer then we will get 8.97v at output. Thus voltage is
regulated.