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IMPROVING 'VOCABUlARY SI~ILLS THIRDEDITION

SHERRIE L. NIST

CAROLBMoHR

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UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA

TOWNSEND PRESS

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Books in the Townsend Press Vocabulary Series:

Vocabulary Basics

Groundwork for a Better Vocabulary

7j[illdbtg YocilliJltary-Skills --- - - .

Building Vocabulary Skills, Short Version Improving Vocabulary Skill$

Improving Vocabulary -Skills,-8hort Versioll Adwlllcillg Vocabulary Skills

AdllGllcil!g Yocabulary Skills, Shan Version

Advanced Word Power .

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. Boo}{s.i.u,. the 'l'0w~se":d:IJ~e.ssReac1ing Series: .

Grou_ndwork/or ~ollege Reading _ _._.... - :

Groul1dworkfor College ReaCling-with Phonics i

. --:,··-:-yeit$ttps--:toBuilding-CollegeRe-ading-Skills':"_-- -- ----.---- j . TenSteps to Improving Coilege R,eciding Skilli

Icm Steps to A.dvQnq{ng. Col/ege Reading Skills TenStejJS-toXd"VanceaReading_ .. _~. __ :~_.~:~ __ ... _

()tllci;.~teadi~~~ll:d Writing Books{ .

Everyday Heroes

The Townsend Thematic Reader Vo·ices(llid Yalues: A Reader/or Writers

...... ·-EilglrsliaFHaria~- --...-------

English Essentials

S.upplements Available tor Most Books:

Instructor's Edition Instructor'sManual and Test Bank Online Exercises

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Copyright © 2002 by Townsend Press, Inc. printed i~ thelJn.i~~.~_ States.of.America ...

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All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. Send requests to .:

Townsend Press, Inc., at the address below.

Send book orders and requests for desk.copies.or.supplements.toi Townsend Press Book Center

439 ·Kelhiyn·r!ve··

West Berlin, New Jersey 08091

F01' even i'nstel' service, contact us in any of the following ways:

By telephnnes 1~800-772-G410 8)' fux: 1-61111_4.25-_1I11?4_

Bye-mall: cs@townsendpl..ess.com

-: ,:-r~;:?~.f. .,:, .:.~_ ~;~rOUgb our webslte: www.townsendpress.com

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Contents

Note: Twenty-slx of the chapters present ten words apiece. The other four chapters euch CllVCI' Len word pur!~ 'UI'ld lire so marked. For ease of reference. the title of the selection that closes each chapter is included.

Preface vii

Introduction 1

UNIT ONE

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter, ()

Joseph Palmer 8

Telephone Salespeople 12

A Cruel Sport 16

Bald Is Beautiful 20

No Luck with Women 24

A Taste of Parenthood (Word Purls)

28

Unit One Review (Crossword Puzzle) 32

Unit One Tests 33

UNIT TWO

Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12

Accident and Recovery 42

Animal Senses 46

Money Problems 50

The New French Employee 54

A Cruel Teacher 58

It's Never Too Late (Word Parts)

62

Unit Two Review (Crossword Puzzle) 66

Unit Two Tests 67

UNIT THREE

Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter I R

Learning to Study 76

The Mad Monk 80

Conflict Over Holidays 84

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Relating to Parents 92

Held Back by Fears (Word Parts)

88

96

Unit Three Review (Crossword Puzzle) 100

Unit Three Tests 101

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vi Contents

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UNIT FOUR

..... Chapter ·19···· - .. Interview with-a -RudeStar----·· ··110 ...

Chapter 20 The Nightmare of Gym: ..... 114

Chapter 21 Skipping Church 118

Chapter 22 A Model Teacher 122

Chaptel;23 . My -talente(f Ro-ommate .. -- - 126

Chapter 24 Fascinating Courses (Word.Rcu:ts) .130

, Unit Four Review (Crossword Puzzle) 134

. UliitF.oul>r~s~ __ .... 135··

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UNITFIVE

... ·.Cbapt~J::2_5 _Cal andHisS.is~~~s 144

.phapter ~~.. Shoplifter 148.

···Chapter 27 A Nutty Newspaper Office

Chapter 28 Roughing It 156

Chapt~r29 Getting Scared 160

Cfiapter 30-MySisfet'sDate·- '164

152

Unit Five Review (Crossword Puzzle) 168

Unit Five Tests 169

ApPENDIXES·"

A Limited Answer Key 177

B Dictionary Use 181

CToplCsfor Discussion aniiWriting 183'

D List of Words flndWord Parts 197 .

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Preface

The problem is all too familiar: students just don't know enough words. Reading, writing, and content teachers agree that many students' vocabularies are inadequate for the demands of courses. Weak vocabularies limit students' understanding of what they read and the clarity and depth of what they write.

The purpose of Improving Vocabulary Skills and the other books in the Townsend Press vocabulary series is to provide a solid, workable answer to the vocabulary problem. In the course of 30 chapters, Improving Vocabulary Skills teaches 260 important words and 40 common word parts, Here are the book's distinctive features:

1 An intensive words-In-context approach. Studies show that students learn words best by reading them repeatedly in different contexts, not through. rate memorization. The book gives students an intensive in-context experience by presenting each word in Ilix different contexts. Ench chapter takes students through a productive sequence of steps:

• Students infer the meaning of each word by. considering two sentences in which it appears and then choosing from multiple-choice options.

• On the basis of their inferences, students identify each word's meaning in a matching test. They

are then in a solid position to deepen their knowledge of a word. .

• Finally, they strengthen their understanding of a word by applying it three times: in two sentence practices and in a selection practice.

Each encounter with a word brings it closer to becoming part of the student's permanent word bank.

2 Abundant practice. Along with extensive practice in each chapter, there are a crossword puzzle

. and a set of unit tests at the end of every six-chapter unit. The puzzle and tests reinforce students' knowledge of the words in each chapter. In addition, most chapters reuse several words from earlier chapters (such repeated words are marked with small circles), allowing for more reinforcement. Last, there are supplementary tests in the Test Bank and the computer software that accompany the book. All this practice means that students learn in the surest possible way: by working closely and repeatedly with each word.

3 Controlled feedback. The opening activity in each chapter gives students three multiple-choice options to help them decide on the meaning of a given word. The multiple-choice options also help students to complete the matching test that is the second activity of each chapter. A limited answer key at (he back of the book then provides answers for the third activity in the chapter, All these features enable students to take an active role in their own learning.

viii

Preface

4 Focus on essential words. A good deal of time and research went into selecting the 260 words and 40 word parts featured in the book. Word frequency lists were consulted, along with lists in a wide range of vocabulary books. In addition, the authors and editors each prepared their own lists. A computer was used to help in the consolidation of the many word lists. A long process of group

----(115(:111;sI011 f1jenle-~-"t6"finan:lecisionsa15out the words andwordpartsthatwou I d be mosthelpfu 1 for

studentsorr a basiCreading -level. .

5 Appealing content. Dull practicematerials work against learning. On the other hand, meaningful,

----Ii vely;--Uiict urtimes-evell--funny-sentences-and-selections can spark-students I attention and thus enhance their grasp of the material. For this reason, a great deal of effort was put into creating sentences and selections with both widespread appeal and solid context s:uppoit:-We:1iave ffled throughout to make the practice materials truly enjoyable for teachers and students- alike. Look, for . example; atthe selection on page 27 that closes the fifth chapter of thisbook.- ---.

_ ---- ._. ----_- ''''._--

_.-,.--

.. __ ~__g~:~ir rohuaf. The book has been designed so that its very format contrib~~s to the Ieamlngprocess. . .. -- _ Each ~h~Pt~r:~(;'ns1~ts--oftwo-two-:'-p-agesp-reaas~Iii- tlie1IrstTwo'::page-spreaa(tliet1'tsts~c_l:rspreadts--- ------ .. - on pages 8-9), students can easily refer to all ten words in context while working on the matching ~_~~t;wJllchjii_Q_y!~~s-a clear meaning for-each word-In the second two-page spread, students can refer to a box that showsaICtel1 words whiletne)lwoa<-ffirouglHlie fil1":in-iiCfiVities-orith:ese-,pages~------~_------

7 SUllpleme~tary materials •..

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a A convenient Instructor'sEdiiio-it IS available at no charge to instructorsusing the book. It is identical to the student book except that it contains answers to all of the activities and tests .

. 6 A -cQmohlea -iiisiruc1oP;S Maliual and Te-st Battkis-ai~o:():ffen~~d at no charge to-instructors who have adopted the book. This booklet contains a general vocabulary placement test as well as a pretest anda posttest for the book and for each of the five units in the text. It also includes teaching guidelines, suggesteu syllubi, un answer kcy.. and an additlonal mastery test ror each chapter as wellasan ad~itional mastery test' for-each unit.

c Interactive computer software also accompanies the book. Free to adopters of 20 or more copies,

. thissoftware-t-inboth Windowsa:nd-Mf,lcintosh format-provides two . additional tests fgr each vocabulary chapter in the book. The tests include a number of user- and instructor-friendly features: brief explanations of answers (thus the software teaches as well as tests), a sound option, mouse support, icons, color, dialog balloons, frequent mention of the user's first name, a running score at the bottom of the screen, a record-keeping file, and actual, audible pronupciations of each word. Students can access their scores at any time; instructors can acces s

...... • student scores by seieCtiIig Adiriiriistratoi" mode 'and enteringthe-appropriatepassword.

.... ....PtQP~bly _ ill_no _-otherareaofr.eading--instructionis the computer more useful .than in reinforcing vocabul-;ry: -The Townsell,!" PressvoCilbiilarySoftviai'i:dakes full advantage of the computer's unique capabilities and motivational appeal. Here's how the program works:

• Students are tested on the ten words hi a chapter; with each word in asentence context different from any inthe.book.itself .

. -& After-students.answereach qnestiQn;-theyre_c::eivej1Jlll1edia~ feedback: The computer indicates if a student is right-or wrong,-.arutw.hy.,.ir~queQ_tJy _us~ng th~ student'idirs'i name' and providing

arunningscofe,____ _

• When the test is over, the computer supplies a test score and-this espec~aily is what is unique about this program-a chance to take the test a second time. Students then receive a separate score for the retest The value of this approach is that the computer gives students immediate

added practice in words they need to review. .

-. iil-adOiHon;thi-c6mputetoffers asecond.: more challenging "Definitions'.'. test in which students must identify the meanings of [he chapter words without benefit of context This test is a final check that students have really learned the words. And, again, there is the option of a

retest.

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Preface ix

By the end of this program, students' knowledge of each word in the chapter will have been carefully reinforced. And this reinforcement will be the more effective for having occurred in an electronic medium that especially engages today's students.

To obtain a copy of any of the above materials, instructors who have adopted the book may write to . the Reading Editor, Townsend Press, 1038 Industrial Drive. West Berlin, NJ 08091. Alternatively. instructors may call our toll-free number: 1-800-772-6410; send a fax toll-free to 1-800-225-8894, or e-mail ourCustomerServicedepartmentat<townsendcs@aol.com>.

8 Realistic pricing. As with the previous editions, the goal has been to offer the highest possible quality at the best possible price. While Improving Yocabulary Skills is comprehensive enough to serve as a primary text, its modest price also makes it an inexpensive supplement.

9 One in a sequence of books: The most fundamental book in the Townsend Press vocabulary series is vocabulary Basics. It is followed by Groundwork for a Better Vocabulary (a slightly more advanced basic text) and then by the three main books in the series: Building Voclibu/w:v Skills (also a basic text), Improving Vocabulmy Skills (an intermediate text), and Advancing vocabulary Skills (a more advanced text). The most advanced book in the Townsend Press vocabulary series is Advanced Word Power. There are also short versions of the Building, improving, and AdvWll:il1R

... books. Suggested grade levels for the books are included in the Instructor's Manual. Together, the books cun help create a vocabulary foundation that will make any student II hencr render, write!', and thinker,

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NOTES ON THE THIRD EDITION

A number of changes have been made in the third edition of Improving Voqabulary Skills:

• Material on how to solve word analogies has been added to the introduction. and u new unit test consisting of twenty word analogies has been prepared for each unit in the book. These tests providepractice in a format widely used in standardized tests.

• The remaining unit tests have been extensively revised, and u new multiple-choice SC!;(iOIl, using the words in realistic situations, has been added to Test 1 throughout.

• A new section, "Topics for Discussion and Writing," provides six high-Interest items for each of the vocabulary chapters. Each item uses one or marc of the vocabulary words in the chapter in a brief" scenario suitable for class or small-group discussion. writing, or both,

• Finally, a number of practice items throughout the book have been revised or updated to ensure that each item works as clearly and effectively with students as possible,

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful for the enthusiastic comments provided by users of the Townsend Press vocabulary books ov.er the life of the first and second editions, We appreciate as well the additional material provided by Beth Johnson and Susan Gamer; the editing work of Eliza Comodromos; the proofreading work of Barbara Solot; and, especially, the organizational, design, and editing skills of the indefatigable Janet M. Goldstein.

Sherrie L. Nist

Carole Mohr

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Introduction

WHY VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT COUNTS

You have probably often heard it said, "Building vocabulary is important." Maybe you've politely nodded ill agreement and 'then forgotten the matter, But it would be fair for you to ask, "Why is vocabulary development important? Provide some evidence." Here are four compelling kinds of evidence.

Common sense tells you what many research studies have shown as well: vocabulary is abasic part of reading comprehension. Simply put, if you don't know enough words, you are going to have trouble understanding what you read. An occasional word may not stop you, but if there arc too many words you don't know, comprehension will suffer. The content of textbooks is often challenge enough; you don't want to work as well on understanding the words that express that content.

2 Vocabulary is a major part of almost every standardized test, including reading achievement tests, college entrance exams, and armed forces and vocational placement tests. Test developers know that vocabulary is a key measure of both one's learnlng and one's ubillty to learn. II iii n)I' thia reason that they include a 'separate vocabulary section as well as £I reading comprehension section. The more words you know, then, the better you are likely to do on such important tests.

3 Studies have indicated that students with strong vocabularies are more successful in school. And one widely known study found that a good vocabulary, more than any other factor, was common to people enjoying successful careers in life. Words are in fact the tools not just of better reading, but of better writing, speaking, listening, and thinking as well. The more words you have at your, command, the more effective your communication can be, and the more influence you can have on the people around you.

4 Intoday's world, a goodvocabulary counts more than ever. Far fewer people work on farms or in factories. Far more are in jobs that provide services or process information. More than ever. words are the tools of our trade: words we use in reading. writing, listening, and speaking: Furthermore. experts say that workers of tomorrow will be called on to change jobs and learn new skills at an ever-increasing pace, The keys to survival and success will be the abilities to communicate skillfully and learn quickly. A solid vocabulary is essential for both of these skills.

Clearly. the evidence is overwhelming that building vocabulary is crucial. The question then becomes, "What is the best way of going about it?"

2 Introduction

WORDS IN CONTEXT: THE KEY TO VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

. Memorizing lists of words is a traditional method of vocabulary development. However, a person is likely to forget such memorized lists quickly. Studies show that to master a word (or a word part), you must see _.JJ.Jlcl usejUI}~~~j.~I~_s_£c?'l!!~xts.By working actively and repeatedly with a word, you greatly increase the

chance of really learning it. .--." -.-.-------------- --- - .. -- ..

... - The following activity will makeclear how this book is organized and how it uses a words-in-context

approach. Answer the questions or fill in the missing words in the spaces provided.

Inside FrontCover and Contents

. Turn to the inside front cover.

• The instde front cover provides a __;_:-'---' that will help you pronounce all the

. -- - vocabulary weirds in the book.

Now turn to the table of contents on pages v-vi,

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et\1cisi chapters present vocabulary words, How many chapters present word parts? _

• Fqor sections follow the last chapter. The first of these sections provides a limited: answer key, the second

gives helpful information on using , the third contains _

---'- -'- __ .........,_~ .. ·ahdth~f6utthisanindexofthe-~60 words arid.-40 wor:d parts in the book. -

Vocabulary Chapters

Turn to Chapter I on pages 8-11. This chapter; Iikeall-theothers.censistsofflveparts:

" The!irstpartoftl1e chaptenon pages 8-9,istith~d ..,.._~-,_,.,.,~~~.,....,..,.-,--_--:=- _

The left-hand column lists the ten words. Under each boldfaced word is its _

(in parentheses). For example, the pronunciation of absolve is . For a guide to

pronunciation, see the inside front cover as well as "Dictionary Use" on page 181.

Below the pronunciation guide for each word is its part of speech. The part of speech shown for

absolv'iits- . The-vocabulary words-in-this book are mostly nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Nouns are words . used to namesom~th~llg-:-::;Il .. R~!s<J.ll,_place, thing, or idea. Familiar nouns include -boyjriiild, dty;· hat,' artdttuth.Adjectives : are- words that des~rib~- nouns,:as);n :ihe-rgl1owingWord pairs: former boyfriend, large city, red hat, whole truth. All of the verbs in this book express an action of some sort. They tell what someone or something is doing.Common verbs include sing, separate, support, and

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imagine. .

To the right of each word are two sentences that will help you understand its meaning. In each sentence-the.context-e-the words.sLlI'IQi.m(:HI.)gJl1~_ J:l§E:l_f~¢ed word __ provides "clues you . can use to figure out the definition. There are four common types of context c1ues-examples, synoriym:s~-aritoriyms~ahd-the .general_5.eJ1Se_Qf_th!!_s~nte.~~~~_~@::?il~1ii!~~ttlest:ribetlbe1ow.

J Examples

A sentence.may.include examples that reveal what an unfamiliar word means. For instance, take a

look at the following sentence from Chapter I for the word eccentric: - . - .

Bruce is quiteeccentrlc. For examplt~,' heiiv~s·-iil-a cli:cular-ilouseaildiidCs to Work Oil amotorcycle, in a three-piece suit.

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The sentences provide two examples of what makes Bruce eccentric. The first is that he lives in a circular house. The second is that he rides to work on a motorcycle while wearing a three-piece suit. What do these two examples have in common? The answer to that question will tell you what eccentric means, Look at the answer choices below, and in the answer space provided, write the letter of the one you feel is correct.

_ Eccentric means

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a. ordinary,

h. odd.

c. careful.

Both of the examples given in the sentences about Bruce tell us that he is unusual, or odd. So if you wrote b, you chose the correct answer.

2 Synonyms

Synonyms are words that mean the same or almost the same as another word. For example, the words joyful, happy, and delighted are synonyms-they all mean-about-the same thing, Synonyms serve as context clues by providing the meaning of an unknown word that is nearby. The sentence

below from Chapter 2 provides a synonym clue for irate. -

If Kate got angry only occasionally, I could take her more seriously, but she's always irate about something or other.

Instead of using irate twice, the author used a synonym in the first part of the sentence. Find that synonym, and then choose the letter of the correct answer from the choices below.

Irate means

a. thrilled.

b. selfish.

c. furious.

The author uses two words to discuss one of Kate's qualities: angl:V and irate, This tells us that irate must be another way of saying angry. (The author could have written, "but she's always angry about something 01' other.") Since angry can also meanfurious, the correct answer is c.

3 A IItO/1YlIIs

Antonyms are words with opposite meanings. For example, help and harm are untonyms, as ure work and rest. Antonyms serve as context clues by providing the opposite meaning of an unknown word. For instance, the sentence below from Chapter 1_ provides an antonym clue for the word antagonist.

In the ling, the two boxers were antagonists, ,but in their private lives they were good friends. - The author is contrasting the boxers' two different relationships, so we can assume that antagonists and good friends have opposite, or contrasting; meanings. Using that contrast as a clue. write the letter of the answer that you think best defines antagonist ..

_ Antagonist means

b. an enemy.

c. an example.

a. a supporter.

The correct answer is b. Because antagonist is theopposite ofjriend. it must mean "enemy."

4 General Sense of the Sentence

Even when there is no example, synonym, or qpJ-6nym clue in a sentence, you can still figure ant the meaning of an unfamiliar word. For example, 100k at the sentence from Chapter I for the word malign.

That vicious Hollywood reporter often maligns movie stars, forever damaging their public images.

After studying the context carefully, you should be able to figure out what the reporter does to movie stars. That will be the meaning of malign. Write the letter of your choice.

_ Malign means

a. to praise.

b. to recognize.

c. to speak ill of.

4 Introduction

Since the sentence caUs the reporter "vicious" and says she damages public images, it is logical to conclude that she says negative things about movie stars. Thus answer c is correct.

By looking closely at the pair of sentences provided for each word, as well as the answer choices, you

_§J}Q\]lQ __ b_~_ ;ipk _t()cleci_c:l_eQnJlt_~_IJ1~_!l_I?J~g_ oLa_W_Q~_g~_ As you figureotlte:acll_~~E!~i~g, you are working actively with the word. You are creating the groundwork you need to understand and to rememt>erthe word. Ge_tting-;,tvolved with the word-aiUfde-veioping afeelJor it, based upon its useIn context, is thikey to word mastery.

- -It-is with good -reason-then.that.the directions at the top-of.page 8 tell you- to use the context to figure

out each word's ~. DOing so deepens your sense of the word and prepares you

for the next activity.

• The second part ofthe chapter, on page 9, is ti~led "-' .,;;;.._;;....;..;_;;.;.;;;..;...;.;;_;._-'-"--~_"--"" ""-'-'---'-'- _ _.__ ____

___ ,, ,__ According to research, it is not enough to see award in context, At a certain point, it is helpful as well

-~ - - f6see-llie- meaning ··of" ~l"W·orct" The-mat(!hlfigtest-p~oyid_es""that~eaning;-"but 'italsrrmakes you look - for and think about that meaning. In other words, it continues' the active learnirig that is your surest route to

learning and remembering a word. . . ... __ _ .. _.

···~···:·--~Nofe-iJ:iecauHoii-tliaff611ovislliefesr.-·D6fi6rprdceeaany·fulther-untH-you-are-sure··that·you-know·the-··· COlTeCl meaningofeach word as used in context.

"Keol) iniuind that a word.may havemoretbanone meaning.In fact, somewords have quite a few

···mea~higs. (If you doubt it, try looking-up-iii ~cdiCtioIiaty, for-example, the word-makCl' or draw.) In this book, you will focus on one common meaning for each vocabulary word. However, many of the words have _~dd.i~ionallll~anings.For example.dnChapter 13, you will learn that -devastate mesns "to upset deeply," as in the senten-ce"TJie pru.:enis-were-devasfated 'wbetlthey-rearned fliartheif-soiiliadbeenai1'esfea."If you then look up devastate in the dictionary, you will discover that it has another meanlng-s- "to destroy," as in "The hurricane devastated much of Florida." After you learn one common meaning of a word, you will find yourself gradually learning its other meanings in the course of your school and personal reading.

• The third part of the chapter, on page 10, is titled .: '

Here are -ten sentences that give you an opportunity to apply your understanding of the ten words.

After inserting the words, check your answers in the limited key at the back of the book. Be sure to use the answer key as a-learning tool only. Doing so will help you to master the words and to prepare for the last two activities and the unit tests, for which answers are not provided.

• The fourth and fifth parts of the chapter, on pages 10-11, are titled ~

and _

Each practice tests you on all ten words, giving you twomorechances tode.epeJl.you,fIlulstery. In the .. fifth part, you have the context of an entirepassage in which you can practice applying the words.

At the bottom of the last-page of this chapter is a box where you can enter your Score for the final two checks. These scores should also be entered into the vocabulary performance chart located on the inside back page of the beiok. To get your score, take 10% off for each item wrong, For example. 0 wrong = 100%. 1 wrong::;;: 90%, 2 wrong::;;: 80%, 3 wrong > 70%, 4 wrong= 60%. and so on .

. WordJ.l_ar~Ghapters

Word parts are building blocks used in many English words. Learning word parts can help you to spell and pronounce words, unlock the meanings of unfamiliar words, and remember new words.

- This book covers forty word parts=-prefixes, suffixes, and roots. Prefixes are word parts that_ are, Pl!t,. _

at the beginning of words. When written separately, a prefix is followed by a hyphen to show that somethirigfblloWsit. For example, the prefix non is written likethis:non-.·One·commonmeaning-of non-:

is "not," as in the words nontoxic and nonfiction.

-- --------.-. --_. __ ._-_. __ .. "._----

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Introduction 5

. Suffixes me word parts thut ure added to the end ol' words. To show (hut somcrhing always comes before a suffix, a hyphen is placed at the beginning. For instance, the suffix ly is written like this: -ly, A common meaning of ·ly is "in a certain manner," as in the words easily and proudly.

Finaliy, roots are word parts that carry the basic meaning of a word. Roots cannot be used alone. To make a complete word, a root must be combined with at least one other word part. Roots are written without hyphens. One common root is cycl, which means "circle," as in the words motorcycle and cyclone, Each of the four chapters on word parts follows the ~ame sequence as the chapters on vocabulary do.

Keep the following guidelines in mind as well. To find the meaning of a word part, you should do two things.

1 First decide on the meaning of each boldfaced word in "Ten Word Parts in Context." If you don' t know a meaning, use context clues to find it. For example, consider the two sentences and the answer options for the word part quart or quadr- in Chapter 6·. Write the letter of your choice.

Let's cut the apple into quarters so all four ofus can have a piece.

The ad said I would quadruple-my money in two months. But instead of making four times as much money, I lost what I had invested.

_ The word part quart or quadr- means

a. overly.

b. two.

c. four.

~-'.

You can conclude that if four people will be sharing one apple, quarters means "four parts." You can also determine that quadruple means "to multiply by four,"

2 Then decide on the meaning each pair of boldfaced words has in common. This will also be the meaning of the word part they share. In the case of the two sentences above, both words include the

idea of something multiplied or divided by four. Thus quart or quadr- must mean _

You now know, in II nutshell, how to proceed with the words in each chapter. Make sure that you do each page very carefully. Remember that as you work through the activities, you are learning the words.

How many times in all will you use each word? If yon look, you'll see that each chapter gives you the opportunity to work with each word six limes. Each "impression" ndds 10 Ilw likl'lihood (hal I1w word will become part of your active vocabulary. You will have further opportunities to use the word in the crossword puzzle and unit tests that end each unit and on the computer disks that are uvulluble with tile book.

In addition, many of the words are repeated in context in later chapters of the book. Such repeated words are marked with small circles. For example, which words from Chapter I are repeated in the Finn] Check on page 15 of Chapter 2?

Analogies

This book also offers practice in word analogies, yet another way to deepen YOl1r understanding 4,1f WOI·QS. An analogy is a similarity between two things that are otherwise different. Doing an analogy question is a two-step process. First you have to figure out the relationship in a pair of words. Those words are written like this:

LEAF: TREE

What is the relationship between the two words above? The answer can be stated like this: A leaf is a part of a tree.

Next. you must look for a similar relationship in a second pair of words. Here is how a complete analogy question looks:

LEAF: TREE::

a. pond: river c. page: book

b. foot: shoe d. beach: sky

6 Introduction

And here is how the question can be read:

LEAF is to TREE as

a, pond is to river.

~'. p{lgei~_~_k()o'!-. ... __

b. foot is to shoe. d. beach is to sky.

'. .. To answer the questiotl;ydu"h~\re to decide which of the four choices has a relationship silltiilll' to the lirsl one. Check your answer by seeing if it fits in the same wording as you used to show the relationship between leaf and tree: A _ is part of a _. Which answer do you choose?

.'- ··'the coi·recfariswer-jsc~jl.1-:~ias~;neafis partofarree, spage ispare ofa'bdok:On the-other.handa pond is not part of a river, nor is 'afoot part of a shoe, nor is a beach part of the sky.

We can state the complete analogy this way: Lea/is to tree as page.is.to.bo.ok.

Here's, another analogy. question to try. Begin by figuring out the relationship between the first two

woSds.· '., .....

=-COWARD :iI:ERQ~: '.

a. soldier: military c.iactor.: famous.

b. infant: baby d. boss : worker

L~"~.C· ••. _" .' •. _ •..• _

.. Coward and hero are opposite types of people. So you need to 10ok'iCthe'oiIierrourp"iiii;slo"'seewhich'lias--

asiniiiar L~eiationship.Wh,~n Y9lJ.thinXyoJ;lh.~y~f()~nd the answer, check to see that the two words you

.. chose can be compared.in the samewayas·cowd:r(i aria1iero~' .... and _ .. _ are opposite types of people.

In this case, the correct answer is d; boss and worker are opposite kinds ofpeople. (In other words, coward is to hero as bossis to worker.)

.. 'By now you can seethat-there-arebasically two stepstodoinganalogyitems: ".

1) Find out the relationship of the first two words.

2) Find the answer that expresses the same type ofrelationship as the first two words have.

Now try one m9re . analogy question on your own. Write the letter. of the answer you choose in the

space provided. . ....--.

a. drive: car c. catch: bat

b. run: broom d. fly ; butterfly

If you chose answer a, you were right. Swing is what we do with a bat, and drive is what we do with a car.

A FINAL THOUGHT

The facts are in. A strong vocabulary is a source of power. Wordscanmake you a better reader, writer, speaker, thinker, and learner. They can dramatically increase your chances of success in school and in your

job.' .

But words will not come automatically. They must be learned in a program of regular study. If you commit yourself to learning words, and you. work actively and honestly with the chapters in this book, you

willllot'onlY'enrichyourvocabulary-you will enrich.your life.as well. .

-, .

" ,"

..

"

Unit One

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

~::;', retort. ,:'<' ·'sabotage

• .>:', subsequent . :',:. .wary .

, .... zeal

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

. Innovation

I1P)II.C.EIJIOI".::·_, ':, revltallze sparse subjective succinct

Chapter 5

ChftPter6

·:·····.~Iy, .' ·:·.non-

. ,.' :,;~:.:;. path, ~pathy " """"'pe'nd' .".

quart, quadr-

CHAPTER

1

Inthe space provided, write theletter 'of the '1Tlealling '-closesN(Hhat'-0f -eaeh-beldtaeed -word.. Use-the contextof the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning ..

. 1 absolve

.. .. ~ .... -. ~-- .-".-.-.- .. '(aTi:zo[ v ' r

-verb

_ Absolve means

2 adamant

. (M'a-mant) ":-adjective .

Adamant means

3 amiable (ii'me-:a-bal) -adjectlve

Amiable means

, . i ~

4 amoral (a-mor'al) -adjective

Amoral means

5 animosity (an' a-mas' a-tel -noun

·~ .. Animosity means

6 antagonist

(~ VI Ist)

,., .. an-tag e-rnst

-noun

_ Antagonist means

8

~ ...

.. .. _ ...

• Having insufficient evidence of his guilt, the jury had to' absolve Mr. Melman

oflne-iiiui'Cler.-·--···-"--- ... . . ... . --~

• Accused of taking bribes, the mayor said, "In the end, I'Il clear my name and

. beab-SolyedQfanyw(orig(,l.QiQg~'.'... .

a. to accuse.

b. to clear of guilt,

c. to inform,

• Ron is adamant about not changing plans. He 'insi.st~ we still camp .. out even though the weather report now says it will be cold 'and rainy.

• A.d.ttll1all_t..i11 his 81:lP'pOrt of gun control, Senator Keen won't give in to pressure from powerful opponents:' .. ......-

, a. fum. b. uncertain. c. flexible.

• My amiable dog greets both strangers and old friends with a happy yip and . energetic tail-wagging,

__ "· .. Alfu~kQur history teacher doesn't seem very friendly, but once you' get to

· 'kriow her,$hisifbwihet'·amiableside. .... .. .... .

a. intelligent.

b. uncaring.

c. good-natured.

• Jerry is almost totally amoral. He cares only about making money and having fun and couldn't care less about right or wrong.

· '.; Aformer presid.ent of Uganda,ldiAiriiii; was truly amoral. He jailed,tortured, and killed Innoceat.opponents withoutthe, sligl1testf~elj~g ofg1:ljl~ .. _ .....

"

a. cowardly. b. lazy: c. lackingethical principles.

· · I was shocked when Sandy said she hated Lionel. I'd never realized she felt such animosity toward hiro.

... • .. IUwill between -the -two Jamilies.~oesback.so.roany,generatio.ns.tlJ,~J nobody

rememherswtl'lltU:rigma1tY'Caused1he,;animositj. - ---, -

...... _ a'cstn:mg~Qi:siit~ ..... _. ,,·-:t>~:·:a~atiGB. "." ,,,.c",~re.at.fear.

• At the divorce hearing, the husband and wife were such bitter antagonists that

.it was hard to believe they had onc~ ~o:~~.each other. .

• In the ring, the two boxers were antagonists, but in their private lives they

were good friends. .. .. -

a. a supporter.

b. anenemy.

c. an example.

.. -.-.-.-- ----~---__.- _.-.- .

(" ... "

7 eccentric (Ik-sen+trfk) -adjective

Eccentric means

8 encounter (en-kounttor) -noun

Encounter means

9 epitome (i-pit' o-rne) -noun

_ Epitome means

,,10 malign (me-lin") -verb

_ Malign means

;-

Chapter 1 9

• Bruce is quite eccentric. For example. he lives in a circular house and rides to work on a motorcycle, in a three-piece suit.

• Florence Nightingale, the famous nursing reformer, had the eccentric habit of carrying a pet owl around in one of her pockets.

a. ordinary. b. odd. c. careful.

• My encounter with Matt in a Los Angeles supermarket surprised me, since I thought he still lived in Chicago.

• I dislike returning to my small hometown, where I am likely to have encounters with people who knew me as a troubled kid.

a. a thought.

b. a dinner.

c. a meeting.

• To many, the epitome of cuteness is a furry, round-eyed puppy.

• The great ballplayer and civil rights leader Jackie Robinson was the epitome

of both physical and moral strength. ' ' ,

a. a perfect model.

c. a main cause.

b. an opposite.

• That vicious Hollywood reporter often maligns movie stars, Forever damaging their public images.

• Stacy refuses to malign her ex-husband, even though he was the' one who insisted on the divorce.

a. to praise.

h. to recognize.

c. to speak ill of.

Matching Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word.

1. Not giving in; stubborn
2. Lacking a moral sense; without principles
3. Differing from what is customary; odd
4. To find innocent or blameless
5. A brief or an unexpected meeting
6. A perfect or typical example of a general quality or type

7. An opponent; one who opposes or competes
8. Bitter hostility
9. To make evil and often untrue statements about; speak evil of
10. Good-natured; friendly and pleasant CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don'! need to check the defin ltions at all,

10 Chapter 1

>- Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once .

. a:-absolv~ .' .... : .. . f. . antagonist·::·.

, .

1. Lilly was _ in her belief that Sam was ·a genius at business. Even 'after . his first two undertakings failed, shesfilfha'ffai.th·hfhim.

.;.._~,--,,-,=----.==~~_,.... -, 2.Mybrotb.~r&. q~c:I, p!aI1ned.t2~~~t!~~# r~sta\lrarit,but . their _ took place

in the parking lot. .. ..

_" _., .. "--~-'-'---~- .-_-.- .. ------- - - -- ----

- ---- - ----_ --- . __ . ~~

~-.-~--_ ~_ .. _o. __ .• _ •• _ ... ~_. _

__________ ·3. I'm tired of hearing the two candidates for governor _ each other with sttipici inSl.l1ts,:

-------------~~~-~-.~-~~-~ -~-~.-- _. -,-_ .. _- _p_ -

4. Because he doesn't want to lose ~- sale;-:-Mac-remafiis·poUtEi·:ano·.::: .. ·eveii--

. . W_l~~n 11~ 's ~J1I1()yed with a customer .

S. Some criminals aretruiy _-:they don't see that some actions are right and that others are wrong.

---'---"-"' __ . "'-'.- .. -~ .. _ ... - - .. __ .. - - -6~_-_Th~--~-----=-6f_--iefr~~hmenfis .drinkliig-an-Ice .. cold .. Iemonade .. nn. a .. sizzling hot.

day. . ..

1: Jed was _(e)d of stealing money from the company, but the damage the accusation did to his reputation remained.

S. Theown~rs··of tbe"-departmenfstore· "Were always-competing-with each othe.r .. They .!l.9t_e4_mpft::m~~~S than partners.

9. I avoid serious discussions With my sister because she shows. great _

. .toward me in don't share her opinion. r

~ ,-- 10. Today it's not odd for females to learn carpentry, but when my mother

went to high school, girls who took wood shop were considered _,

... ;,

. N_OTEt . Now check your answers to these questions by- turning to.page 17.1,._Going. Qy~_rJlle l\I"lswe_rscarefully will help

you prept;rcf<;;· t·lle next two:pr·actices. fo{which answers lire not glven. .. ... . .. .

>- Sentence Check 2

once.

1-2. The-_- '_ millionaire dressea-·so-··shabbilythatevery _ With-'him

. . convinced us that he was poor. . .

---------~-------

_________ 3':"'lt'H~ctor feeissut1t:·"-<"toward his sister that he never says a: single kind . thing about her;_~~:~~y<~s her.

• !

i.

;-...-.- ....•....

. ,.

L .;. .. " ~ e.. :, I..!· r."', '," , . .i-.".

.. : -:

~ ~, ;'-1 ..

. • q. .: .~ ,.

", . ',..; ~ ~ .. , ... , . . ' '" .

..

Cha~er1 11

_~ 5-6. Since the congresswoman was _ in opposing the nuclear power

plant, the plant's owners regarded her £IS their toughest _.

_________ 7-8. Wayne is so _ that he doesn't even have the desire to be _(e)d of guilt for all the times he has lied, cheated, and stolen.

_________ 9-1O.With his friendly air, .good-narured laugh and generosity, Santa Claus is the _ of the _ grandfather.

>Final Check: Joseph Palmer

Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First rend the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once.

In 1830, a Massachusetts farmer named Joseph Palmer moved to the city, only to find that people continually reacted to him with anger and hatred. Why? Palmer certainly wasn't £l(n)

.'.".,

(1) man-no, he had a strong sense of right and wrong. He was a

friendly and (2) __ -'- ~ person as wen. And on the whole, Palmer was the

(3) of a normal citizen, living a typical life with his family. Yet his

neighbors crossed to the other side of the street to avoid an (4), with

him. Children insulted Palmer and sometimes threw stones at him. Grown men hurled rocks

through the windows of his house. Even the local minister (5), (e)d

Palmer, tel1ing the congregation that Palmer admired only himself.

One day, four men carrying scissors and a razor attacked Palmer and threw him to the ground,

Pulling out a pocketknife, Palmer fought back, slashing at their legs. His

(6), s fled. Afterward, Palmer was the one arrested and jailed. While

in jail he was attacked two more times. Both times, he fought his way free. After a year-although

,

his accusers still wouldn't (7), him of guilt-he was released.

Palmer had won, The cause of all the (8) and abuse had been his

long, flowing beard. Palmer, (9). to the end, had refused to shave.

Thirty years after Palmer's difficulties, it was no longer (10). to

weal' whiskers. Among the many who wore beards then was the President of the United States. Abraham Lincoln.

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

f~_'L.L.

, ,

}

.(

CHAPTER

2

Teii~Words iiiContexf,""

. In-the space provided, write the' letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. U;e the

, " context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning. . .

.Jc:ilrt .

.. (kurt)- "".~--"."_ -adjective

_. 'The fast-food manager trained workers to give polite, full a~swer~ to

.." ... custorilers,.noicui:_t.r.i_sp_Q_t1~"~f!.;.~ ... '";_ , .. _".. _.~ _'" .. _

• Betsy doesn't mean to be curt. She seems rudely brief with people because she's so shy .

... - ._ .. -._._ .. _ .. -. __ .... -

Curt means a. cautious,

c;:;:abtupt: .. -_·"_·· -'""""-"". "

.......... 2. deirloralize. (dr~m8r' c-liz ') -verb

.•. Cara'sr~":fulj"alt9 date IUybtother derimrallzedhimtcthe point that for months

he lacked the confidence to ask another woman out. . "," .

• When Bonita gained a pound during her diet, it so demoralized her that she

.."- ".":~ .. c·:-ateaQanana-split, _-" .. _" " .. _-"." ""'-'-"" ."." .

.:..__ Demoralize means

. 3 ·dilemma .. (dr-lem' Q) -noun

Dilemma means

. 4 inclination (In-kla-na/shon) "1101111

Inclination means

5 irate (i~rat') -adjective

Irate means

6 retort (rl"tort ')

-yeti} .. ,.", .. ,.

Retort means

12

'\ • j '., : ••. :. ,I. ." ::1

a. to cheat.

h. todiscourage,

c. to excite .

it The store manager faced a dilemma: either having an elderly, needy man arrested or ignoring store rules about shoplifters .

• In old -romantic movies, the heroine's dilemma often involves choosing , 1:5etween-arich bo.yfriendand·the poor man she really loves.

a. a hard choice. 'b. a great danger. c. a benefit,

• My inclination is to major in nursing, but I'm going to speak toa few nurses before I make my final decision.

• 'Thattwo-year-old has some irritating tendencies, such.aa.hec.lncllnatlonto

say "no" to everythi~~,. _ . .

a;" atendency;' . b. a reason. c. a fate.

• If Kate got angry onlyoccasionally, l.could take her more seriously, but she's always irate about something or other.

• Ray.gets mad when his wife misplaces the TV's remote control, and she becomes ;;eqijaJly.iirn:te~lWhen>.heJ.vr.ites,;acheck·and forgets to reGoi'!i"it"in·the·''ChecJ:cbo.ok,

a.i.thrilled. h. selfish. c. furious.

• ••• ~-i'.,.. .....

• When I told my parents I'd wash the supper dishes the next morning, my father retorted, "Maybe we should serve you dinner in the mornings, too,"

• "What do you want?" the young woinan asked Dracula. '''Only to drink in your charms," he retorted; '" .. _ ....

a. to approve. b, to reply. c. to ask.

.. - ~ .• ----,-.-_.~,-.---.-.

'.,.. ,

.. i ....

7 sabotage (sab' ~-tozh ') -verb

_ Sabotage means

8 subsequent (siib/sf-kwent') -adjective

_ Subsequent means

9 wary (war'e) -adjective

_ Wary means

10 zeal (zel)

-noun

Zeal means

... ' ... _._ .. _ ..... _.~~~.....---,._L .. _ ....

Chapter 2 13

• Terrorist groups train their members to sabotage airports and other public places.

• A fired computer operator sabotaged the company's computer system by planting a "virus" in it.

a. to develop.

b. to invest in.

c. to do harm to.

• "I was hired as a stock boy," said the company president. «My subsequent jobs tookme steadily up the company ladder."

• The first time Janet drove on a highway, she was terrified, but on subsequent trips, she felt more relaxed.

a. first. h. following. c. previous.

• "Th~re?s,. no such thing as a free lunch'l.means.that.we should be wary about promises of getting something for nothing.

• I'm a little wary of people who, when they first meet me, treat me as if I'm their best friend.

a. careful.

c. welcoming.

b. tired.

• Flo attacked her food with such zeal that I thought she hadn't eaten for a week 1

• My neighbor has so much zeal about keeping our neighborhood clean that he sweeps our sidewalk if we don't do it ourselves.

a. resistance. b. passion. c. skiJl.

Matching Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word.

-

I

1. A tendency to think, act, or behave in a certain way: a leaning

2. Rudely brief when speaking to someone

3. Cautious; on guard
4. To reply. especially in a quick, sharp, or witty way
. i
S. To lower the spirits of; weaken the confidence or cheerfulness of

6. A situation requiring a difficult choice

7. Following, in time or order; next; later

8. Enthusiastic devotion; intense enthusiasm

9. To deliberateI y destroy or damage

10. Very angry CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions nt all.

1 4 ' Chapter 2

>- Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.

.aeurt.. f.retort

b:.d~m~';~li~~~;}':·' ~}i~!t.c~~dl :::f:~::id}I'ncl-i~ahoh:~' ">'c'i'<:;~Pi;~~te:,~

•• - ,.< ~ _, .'. ~~ •• .. t:--;.~ -, .' :.' , .. ..,._~ ':~ " ..• :: ".-' - """ " ,- - ' . ' .. . ;. ';" '.

g. sabotag~ . h., s.u.~~~guent . l, wary j."zeal

'. i .• :',.~ >' ," ; ; .", '.~' ;-f:~ff~$-(~~;~··

-i ' c-

1. Rob's _ was whether to go to work feeling sick or to stay home andlose

"'3; day?.g·pay. .

2. Be '_"_' when something sounds too goodto betrue=-itprobably is •

. . _ .. _

3. I have to watchmy budget because I have a(n) _' _ to overspend.

,._,_, . _. ••• ~ __ •• __ , • __ ••••• _ •• T •• ~_ _ •• _ •• __ • __ • • __ ••

6. BecauseDevanexpectedto getan A onhis l"esearch paper, receiving a grade of C truly _, (e)d him.

7.'fheteam playect:~iitiserably inthefirstgameofthe·season. but they managed to winul1_" _ games.

8. My father always became _'_" when any of his children came home, after curfew. One time he began yelling at me even before my date had left.

~ " 9;' If adolescents' could' app(y .totbetr 'stildiesjust·a bitof the:.:_:_:_.: they' feel-for

." nll~~ic.~l1~.sh(_>f'r.il1g, their .grades wouldskyrocket. , ' ,

__________ 10. When the wisecracking waiter said,."That hat looks ridiculous, lady," the' " woman stated, "I didn't come here to be insulted." ''That's what you think!" _( e)d the waiter.

", ;',

" '

4. The Broadway director cut off most of the auditioning singers with a(n) _,_ r~,spo.~s~:._'''J;h~yoll' That will be all,"

.. "'------_. __ - -_ ... __ ... - ----

5. The striking miners planned to _ one' of the mines 'by 'blowing tip the ,' .. "~

mainentrance,

NOTE: N9W ch~~!5Y9.l!r a.ns",e:r.s to these questions by tumingtB:p.al;:e 177. Going Q_ver the answers carefully will help

you prepare for the next two practices, for which answers are not given. . ., - . " , "

>- Sentence Check 2

Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once.

• ':" ,-1;.-"' ... _;"- •• :. -r'O;';";' 'c:,.' ':'__ __ ~_;_ _

~".".,.

1-2. Already angry, the customer became even more _ when he received otl1y-"this .. :' , 'respo:rrse~'~'No:l'etnms;~'

3-4. When I answer my phone and hear someone demand, "Who is this?" my _ is to _, "I'mthe person whose phone was ringing. Who is this?"

. :. .. . _--:'" . "... .:~ :-.- .. ,.._ "_

:._-'.

:."

1 =

_, •... __ ............. ~.".~~ __ ... "'.L .... - ..•

r-

Chapter 2 15

5-6. Because of terrorist attempts to _ flights, airline security workers are _ of even innocent-looking passengers.

7-8. I began the semester with great _ for my chemistry class, but the realization that I didn't have the necessary background quickly _(e)d me.

__________ 9-10. Margo intended to accept the job offer to be a salad chef. but a(n)_ offer for an office position has presented her with a(n) _: Should she take the interesting restaurant job, which pays poorly, 01' the higherpaying job that may not interest her much?

>-- Final Chec~: Telephone Salespeople

Here is ri final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once.

~ ...

If my carpets need cleaning or I Want a new freezer, I will do some comparison shopping first.

I am 1"\0t likely to buy anything suddenly just because a complete stranger has phoned-usually during the dinner hour-to sell it. For this and other reasons, I have always been

(1 ) of telephone salespeople. I don't like their cheerful, overly umiuble?

My husband, however, creates a(n) (3) for me when he takes these

r

I

I

I .

!

I

!

i

I I

I I

., voices and their nervy suggestions as to how I might easily pay for whatever it is they are selling.

My (2) is to get off the phone as soon as possible.

calls. He doesn't want what is being sold either, but he feels sorry for the salespeople. He doesn't

want to (4) them with such a(n) (5) reply as

. "No." When they begin their sales pitches, he is overcome by their (6) for

their products and therefore listens politely. Then he (7). 8 my efforts

to discourage (8) calls by suggesting that the salespeople call back

later to talk to his wife! I don't know who gets more (9) when that

happens=-I or the salespeople, disappointed when they realize we never intended to buy a thing. More than once, when I've finally said "No sale" for the last time to an adamant? salesperson who

had been refusing to take "no" for an answer, he or she has (lO) (e)d,

"Well, thanks for wasting my time."

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

CHAPTER

3

=

------

,

Ten Words in Context

In the' space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to 'that 'or eac1i~bb1dfaced'word;"'Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word'smeaning.

·1-acclaim - __ .,_._. (o-klam ')

-noun.

_._· __ Any,s.u_bwaysy_st.~r1!_that is_~~an,quiet, and safe deserves acclaim;

• Although Vincent Van Gogh i~: n~;~~~~-sidere~r~g~~i~'~~the~st received ,', --

.1ittleacclQjIJl,.in,l:lisJifeJitne. .'

-_ .. _"_" ."_" -_"_ .. __ ...

- - -- --- - --- -_.

a. crftlclsm--:--- '''--'''''-'··:b:~piaiSe.-~:-

_ Acclaim means

c.vchange.

2. adjacent (g-ja'S;}ut) -adjective

• Because their desks are adja~e~t, J,eff and Kellie often exchange looks and

comments. "

• If you keep your dishes in a cupboard that's adjacent to the dishwasher, you ·won;thavet9~~lkw~enputtiI1gaWaYtheclean·dishes.

_ Adjacent means

a. close.

c. separated.

b. similar.

3 elicit

. (1-11s'·lt) -verb

. . . -

• Elizabeth Taylor's violet eyes always elicit admiration and wonder.

. ,

Elicit means'

o The basketball player's three-point shot to win JAe:. game. in its final seconds elicited ~ roar of delight from the excited fans.

,,_ ..

a. to stop. b.tofollow.'c.to bring out.

4 engross (en'gros') -verb

• The suspenseful TV movie so engrossed Bryan that he didn't even budge when he was called to dinner.

• The fascinating single-file march of black ants along the sidewalk engrossed me for several minutes.i.. .. ·_· ..

'~ EngJVssmeans ..

.. '. a,. to hold the.interestof.,

b. to disgust. c. to bore .

_____ 'L •.. •. ~ _. .~ _._ ,. __ • "_ "._ •••••••• ,' _ ,. " ••••• " _ •••

5 escalate (es' kc- lat ') -verb

• The fight between the two hockey players escalated into an all-out battle among members of both teams.

• "We need to escalate our fund-raising efforts," the theater manager said.

"Otherwise, the company won't survive." ,

- -a-: to-expand, '''·''·-b~''b:i'i:lelay.' c.-,to weaken.

Escalate means

6 exploit .• -Ai tne turii Of the century;factoryownersexploited'childrenby'riiaki'ngthem

O~ks-ploit') work in terrible conditions for as many as eighteen hours a day.

-verb • Although Ricky is the English teacher's son, he refuses to exploit his status.

Reworks as hatda:s anyone else in the class., - ,"'" _, '''E';

~ Exploit means '; .... ·a. to forget. '. b. .totakeadvantage of" c. to be sad about.

16

,',

7 methodical (m~-thOd'r-k~l) -adjective

Methodical means

8 obsolete (ob' SQ-let') -adjective

Obsolete means

9 tangible (tan'j~-b~l) -adjective

_ Tangible means

10 terminate (tOr'm:l-nat) -verb

Terminate means

-,

Chapter 3 17

• A methodical way to store spices is to shelve them in alphabetical order.

• Joan is so methodical about her diet that she classifies the foods in each meal into different nutritional categories.

a. accidental. h. out-of-date. c. orderly.

• Computers are so common now that they have made typewriters almost obsolete. ,

• In the United States, the automobile quickly made travel by horse and carriage

obsolete. '

a. popular.

b. useful.

c. extinct.

• The sculptor loved making her ideas tangible by giving them form in metal and stone.

• Com-chip crumbs, empty soda bottles, and dirty napkins were tangible evidence that a party had taken place the night before.

a. clever,

b. solid.

C, hidden.

• As the clock's hands inched toward 3:00, the students waited impatiently for the bell to terminate the last class before spring vacation.

• The referee should have terminated the boxing match when he first saw the weaker fighter losing the ability to defend himself,

a. to end.

b. to revive.

c. to begin,

Matching Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word.

1. 2.

To stop; bring toan end

To draw forth

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8, 9.

10.

Orderly; systematic

Close; near (to something)

Able to be touched; having form and matter

No longer active or in use; out of date

To increase or intensify

Great praise or applause; enthusiastic approval

To hold the full attention of; absorb

To use selfishly or unethically; take unfair advantage of

CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that YOLI don't need to check the definitions at all.

,--_ .. _. __ ._._- ,.-

,

18 Chapter 3

):> Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.

3. With movies like Saving Private Ryan, Forrest Gump, and' Cast Away to his, credit; actor Tom Hanks has won Oscars and the _ of admiring critics. ' .

... _. . ····---· .. 4.-niir-h6iiseis=--toon~i with-IDiignwooaeri~fence--;s·6our:;VieW.:on-that;gide:-::·:-.

is completely blocked.

5 .. -Theshoutlngmatch betweenRose and her brother -=.:.:.:...(e~duntiljtw~~ SO'. loud that the neighbors complained .

..;;..::...:====~~==.=-.~.6~~SotnetimesanarticleI'm reading. on .the buswill j; _ me.so.much .th.atJ'lL~~. passmystop.

[aecclalm 1. exploit

-l ; ... A'''~~deing..r1ng .. is -a(n}. '_'" _. .expressicn -of-a-couple '.,s .commltment .to each other.

2. .Ifsolar energy becomes ·as cheap and plentiful as sunshine, ritic!eareriergy,

. which is -expensive,maybec(ime ._ ..• ' _. .. .

7 .. When workers feel_(e)d by their employers. they often go on strike for larger salaries and better working conditions.

8. Diana is very_·· ._ about writing letters. She keeps her writing materials in . one. spot, makes a list of the people she owes letters to, and writes once a week·

9. When Luke was caught stealing money on the job, the company _(e)d his employment and brought him up on criminal charges.

__________ 10. In one disturbing survey, the question "Which do you. like better, TV or paddy?"_(e)d this response from a nUJJl~~r ofchildren: "TV."

Norit: N~iW check your answers io these (]lLcstions by tl1l1'Jing to pilg6177.06ing over the·liii.~WCi'lr carefu Ilywill help you prepare for the next two practices, for which answers are not given,

I

I

r---··-

):> Sentence Check 2

Using the ~nswer lines provided, compiete·-each·lterrlbt':1ow'wlih two words' from'thii box, Useeach word

once.

f .... 2; The gifted ice skater's routine _(e)d the audience. It was. the epitome" of grace and power combined. At the end, a long, rapid spin _(e)d a

burst of applause. . . . .. , .

3~4, Although' hand~·crafted-fiimhl.ireisalm()st _, mass 'proaucti6ri hasri 't yet_Ce)d all demand for it.

._--_._---- .

-v-.

"'r t L ~ .~. ~~ ••

Chapter 3 19

5-6. Workers want._ rewards such as money and a pension. but they also welcome less concrete benefits, such as _ for a job well done.

l'

7-8. The more the British _(e)d the American colonies by taxing them unfairly, the more the colonists' animoslty" toward the British _' _(e)d.

_________ 9-10. Patty's _' '_" baking technique includes arranging all ingredients in' a row, with each one _ to the one that is used after it.

, >- Final Check: A Cruel Sport

Here is a finalopportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once'.

I

t

I-

t

i I

!

As Alex sat down in the carnival tent, the lights dimmed. A spotlight revealed a short, heavy man holding a thick chain, He tugged the chain, and an old, muzzled bear appeared. The man, the animal's owner, announced that the bear's name was Sally. He said he would give a hundred dollars to anyone who wrestled Sally to the floor.

"That's disgusting! You have no right to (1)' ' an animal that way!" a

woman cull~d out. Several voices joined her in protest. A number of people walked out of the tent. Alex wanted to leave too, but he was too shocked to move. He had thought bear wrestling was

(2) • given up long ago as a cruel sport.

But the man's offer (3), (e)d one drunken response. "I'll do it!" a big

man yelled, winning the (4) of Sally's owner, who congratulated him warmly. The drunk began swinging at SaIly. She backed away, "Knock her on her rear!" the owner shouted with zeal", When Sally finally raised a paw to defend herself. her antagonist" could see

that she had no claws. Feeling very brave now, he (5) (e)d his attack.

The horrible scene (6) (e)d Alex, who could barely believe his eyes.

I

,

F"----··

The man sitting (7) to Alex rose to his feet and left, muttering "This

shouldn't be allowed. I'm calling the police."

Meanwhile. the drunken man knocked Sally over. Her owner then (8) (ejd

the match and handed Sally a bucket of food. The (9) way in which he

conducted his act showed Alex he had done it many, many times before.

Finally, the owner led Sally away. The animal's drooping head and her labored walk were (10) expressions of her misery. As Sally passed him. Alex saw two police officers enter the tent. He hoped with all his heart that the law could prevent another such amoral? display of cruelty to this living creature,

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside buck cover of the book.

CHAPTER

4

.. Ten. ·Words in Context

In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning dose~t to that of each boldfaced word. Use the

context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning. .

1 deterrent • As a deterrent to burglars, my father put a sign on our lawn that says,

- .. -- (di~th·r;~ntf-·---------·iBeware-orpitbulI,,--·-----.- --.- '...~--.

-noun

Deterrentmeans

2· irnplication

.. (Im-plf-ka" shan)

. [.... -';'IJQ_I!lL

_ Implication means

3 inequity (In-ek' wit-e) -noun

_ Inequity means

4 infirmity (In-fflr/ ma-te) -noun

_ Infirmity means

5 infringe (In-frfnj") -verb

_ Infringe means

. 6 innovation (In- 'g-va' shan) -noun

Innovation means

20

• If the dangers of skydiving aren't a big enough deterrent for Ben. maybe the .. ·~hfgh~cos·t~wm$e .. - ... -._:~ .... _:'__.~. __ ... __~_.._ ... .

a. areward ..

b .. a prevention ...

• When the-floss said that-company' profits were down, theirilpi(cation was that nobody would be gettinga raise .

... ~··WheIi.the.salesmanwinked,thejmplication.wa~Ltbat .heW9.IJIQ.· giy~_ 1. ()a.g ll.ig .fl. .

special dealonacar, .

a. a minor fault.

b. a demand.

c. something suggested.

• IIi South Africa,-- Mahatma.Gandhi .experienced .an .Inequity that was all too common at the tim~he was thrown off a "whites only" train.

···'~-Most,Americans-consider it ,an.Jnequity,JhaL§ol11e millionaires pay less in

taxes than ordinary citizens do. .

a. an in)ustice. . b. a physical weakness. c .. a question.

• Rick uses a wheelchair, but he doesn't let his infirmity keep him from

traveling, .. .

• Certain infirmities, such·as arthritf~·~ddiaJ)etes:are'rilol·e likeiy·to affeCt the

-~lder.ly; -~'~." .. ... ' ..

a, a relationship.

b. a disability.

c. a secret.

• The protesters may picket thenucleat power plant as long as they don't . Infrlnge on other people's right to enter and exit freely.

". _"9_iWhen 'my,mother is dQing her4Qmew.()J:~ I_l()_~~~)~.~~\\,(1~:~_!I:lf£jIlg~()nher . . .q uiet time.

a.to interfere with.

c. to recognize.

c i

• When commercial' bakers . first offered sliced bread, it was considered an . exciting innovation. ., .

• The high cost of college has led to such financial innovations as paying for children'seducanon while they're still infants;

a. something new.

b. a weakness,

c. an imitation.

7 revitalize (re-vit" cl-iz ') -verb

_ Revitalize means

8 sparse (spars) -adjectlve

_ Sparse means

9·. Subjective (s~b-jek'tlv) -adjective

_ Subjective means

.. 10 succinct (sok-sfngkr' ) -adjective

_ Succinct means

Chap~r4 21

• When Dwight is tired after work, he finds a brief nap revitalizes him for an evening out with friends. .

• The City Council hopes to revitalize the currently lifeless shopping district by offering tax breaks for new businesses.

. b. to amuse.

c. to tire out.

a. to refresh.

• There are thick pine forests at the foot of the mountain. but higher up. the trees become sparse.

• Unfortunately, the turnout for the team's first pep rally was sparse. Organizers hope to have better attendance at the next one.

a. long. b. thin. c. crowded.

• Mary, a highly subjective judge of her son's abilities, feels he's brilliant in every respect. The boy's father, however, has a less emotional view of him.

• The reporter refused to write about his friend' s trial, He knew any story he wrote would be too subjective to be published as an unbiased article.

a. one-sided. b. boring. c. impersonal.

• Your telegram should be succinct so that you get your message across clearly without paying for more words than necessary.

• "What's new?" is a succinct way of asking, "Has anything of interest happened to you lately, my friend?"

a. wordy.

h. prejudiced.

c. brief and clear.

Matchfng Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The. sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word.

,
1
i 1.
I
I
i 2.
!
3.
4,
S.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Injustice; unfairness; an instance of injustice

A new custom, method, or invention; something newly introduced Based on personal opinions, feelings, and attitudes; not objective Something that discourages or prevents a certain action

Expressed clearly in a few words; to the point; concise

To renew the strength and energy of; restore to a vigorous, active condition

A physical weakness or defect; ailment Distributed thinly; not thick or crowded

To intrude or trespass on; to go beyond the limits considered proper An idea that is communicated indirectly, through a suggestion or hint

CA UTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don' t need to check the definitions at all.

22 Chapter 4

>- Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box, Use each word once.

e. ·infringe· j. .suc~lnct.

innovation

~ .,.' "

: ;. ~ ", .

1. A1though1Q1arle"j6ked' abollfhe{·Dl'o"ketl""leg;'it was an _ .. _··1htl:t·1tep{'lier from work fora month. ... . .

....;.;__________ 2. :Wl1en a restaurant's tables have ashtrays, the .: _ is thatsrr~_()khl,g i~. permitted ... , .. , .: ;

3. Our democratic rights do not include ,the freedom to _ on other people's

J.i.ghtS. '. .

- -- - --- -------- - -- - - -- --

------- --- -- ------ - - -_. --- •.. __ ',. ,. .. _ "' .. ~, ,.,.~< •• c._,h"", ~.--_,_ •• _c _ ~ ._ •. ~ . ~ • __ ~ __

4. "Now"is, a __ ··· _ .r way ofsaying,-"Atiliis parti"culai:\itifn-t in;iime...-;

_____ ....... ... 5. Our grass is ._ .. _ along a path at the comer of the lot, where kids take a

shortclinht6ugh ouryard,

6. An interesting _ in food packaging is a bottle from which salad dressing ~--~·--·is ~q~irted;r~ther than poured.

7. The seminar for company employe,es_._(e)d my aunt's ·interest in her job by giving her. new skills and suggesting new goals.

. ~ .

a.The Diary :o/Anne··Prankidl.. :::,,:,,:,:,:·view·-of··events -during- World."·War -Il, ··-fromthe point 'of view of a young Jewish girl in hiding,

9.: Thecomparrywas accused of creating a(n) _:by paying women less 'than . . men for doing the same work.

__ ----,-_~----1O. The fact that Beethoven was totally deaf by age 50 was not a(n) _ to his composing at the age of 53 one of his most ambitious and beloved works, the Ninth Symphony,

... NOTE:·N ow check your answers to these questions-by tumingto page 177 ,Going over. the answers. carefully. will help.. you prepare-foi"tile nexttwo practices; fei' whidiiiilsWersfu'e.hOt given."

>- Sentence Check 2

. .Using. the answer lines provided, ·complete.J~acbit~mQ_~~9W_W_ifu two words from th,e~px.lJs~ t!<icb word once.

1...:2. When-the·c·andiCIaiifor mayor saw the-_- _··turriout for his speech; he knew he had to do something to _ his campaign.

3"':':4,· . Future _s in technology,' particularly on the Internet, may make it .easier foragovemment t9_ on the p~~va~y. of .c_i_t!~~~~' __ ~_ort,lputel'

. , /. ', , .,~ : ;.'.'.:, ; .. , records, ". \.... . I • ,,:_i' -,." , e.'.' :.~ .

- -_. - - ... __ .-. ~,,~- ... _ ..

Chapter 4 23

5...;..6, Although arthritis can be a painful _, Aunt Fern refuses to let it be a(n) .; _. to her active lifestyle. For example, she continues to go squaredancing every week.

7-8. AU-editorials are _,-they represent someone's opmrons. In an editorial, for example, writers are free to argue against the _ of police brutality, instead of just reporting on it.

__________ 9-10. A. sign may be brief and still have several _8. For example, the _ sign "Dangerous Curve'; suggests that drivers should be waryo. and slow down, that the curve ahead is sharp, and that bad accidents have happened there before.

>- Fi~~l Check: Bald Is Beautiful

Here.is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out Which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once.

" ,

i

, j

!

Looking through 'a bair-care magazine, I noticed many ads for toupees and hair thickeners. The

(1) seemed to be that a man's baldness is a major (2) ,

~ i I

I I~,

Well, I'm not going to let anyone (3), on the right of a man to be bald, or to

demoralize" those who have already lost their hair. Listen, all you baldies. YOLl may feel it's a serious

(4) that some heads have only (5), hair while others

ure thickly covered, but T think bald men-including my father-are terrifically attractive. Sure. that's

just my '(6), opinion, but I'm not alone. I know another woman whose

boyfriend went so far as to shave his head in order to (7) their tired

romance. My thick-haired boyfriend hasn't offered to go quite that far, but I wouldn't offer any

companies manufacture medications to produce hair ollbaJd heads, but that's' one

" (9)_' " . _- '_' "'_'_--'1 would discourage any man from using. I'd even like to see the do)' ,

when toupees are as obsolete" as hoop skirts. I hate to see all those beautiful, shiny bald heads

covered up. Or, to be more (10) • bald is beautiful.

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

CHAPTER

5

1

=

Ten Wordswin Context

In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context ofthe Sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning.

- -1 allusion --_;;-Afietrs_uggtisibdjJi~t_M9.!1Jyhav¢ __ fruJt for dessert instead of chocolate cake.

(~-I6b'zh~n) ,:,Jle responded, "Is.that an.allusion to myw-elghi'F; -~---- -- --- -~- ---

_~_n(}lln_ ---._~-Ray didJl'Lh_avf)tlle~(l\ll)lge ~~'?pl:l1~_right out and ask Lucy to marry him.

--- ---~ -- ~--~- ---- -----~ - --~ - ---- -- --- - - -- I1fstead;he-ma4e-only-an-allushm-to:~:illarria.g~--6y--asking,~'Wouldn'LiLhe _

-: easier if we had to fillou; justoneJ~retum?" -._. - -

__ All~sion means" .'.~. a contrast, b. a reference. c. an answer.

2.alt(uistic

-- <-: :(aPfrOo-is'- ilk)

- '. -'adjective

Altruistic means

_3 appease (Q-pez') '-verb

_ Appease means

4 arbitrary (iir I·bl -trer' e) -adjective

_ Arbitrary means

5 assail (~-sal') -verb

_ ~ssail means

6 banal (ba-nal")

~adjective. _.

_ Banal means

24--

.• When an enemy approaches.groundsquirrels show altruistic behavior. They

_ .. ; .,_rlSk their own.lives togiveal!U'Ol r;:~1~t9_P_~~1:lY~I_~1~t!y~~.~:~_:_:~ __ . __ _

,,'_ "I'IJ? not often alt~~istic," Brett adri¥tted. "I usuallyput my oWI1 welfare first."

.. a. u'nselfish. ··'b.- che~rfu1. . c.' greedy.

• MY' sister was 'sooutraged 'when:'1 accidentallyscratched- her-favorite .. old Beatles record that nothing Lcould, say or do would appease her.

• Roger was furious' wherihesaw me out with another 'guy, ·but -1 quickly appeased him by explaining that the "date" was my cousin.

a. toannoy, b. to heal. c. to calm.

• Professor Miller's students were angry that he graded essays in an arbitrary w_ay, rather thanusing clear-cut standards.

• Parents should not enforce rules according to their moods. Such arbitrary .disCiplineorilY.con-fllse.$"chilc:1rell;-- --

a. steady. b.' slow.

c. impulsive.

-.

• The storm assailed us with hail and heavy rain.

• The tw-O ·crufdiaatescorttinuously··-assailed,·each·ot-her-..with "accusations of

-dishonesty.--- .

a. to attack: '·"b:~lo't:onfuse. ., ·····-.0,·40 ·supp.Qrt.

_. The-film, with its overused expressions and unimaginative plot, was the most banal I had ever seen .....

: .•. "Nice to see you" may-be abanal comment, but what it lacks in originality it

... ··-·Iil*es\lpi~r'in fri6'n.~li~~~~.·:_·_:'i'::'~' .. _ . . .......' .....

a. greedy. b. unoriginal. c.Clever.

7 euphemism (y60'fQ-mlz'Qm) -noun

_ Euphemism means

8 mercenary (mur' s~-ner'e) -adjective

_ Mercenary means

9 syndrome (sln'dr6m) -noun

I' I

_Syndrome means

:-_'" ,:.

X:10 taint (tjint) -verb

_ Taint means

c ••• ~ •••••• ,-,.~, .. ..o¥""""""'JYI.lI""""""''''·-·

Chapter 5 ,25

• Common euphemisms include "final resting place" (for grave), "intoxicated" (for drunk), and "powder room" (for toilet).

• TJte" Central Intelligence Agency is on record as having referred to assassination with the euphemism "change of health."

a.a harsh term. b. a term that doesn't offend. c. a foreign term.

• Ed is totallymercenary. His philosophy is, "Pay me enough, arid I'll do

anything." '

• The con man pretended to love the wealthy widow, but he actually married her

for mercenary reasons. '

a. jealous. b. angry. c. greedy."

• Headaches are usually harmless, but as part of a syndrome including fever and

a stiff neck, they may be a sign of a serious illness. '

• Jet lag is a syndrome resulting from flying long distances; it often inc1udes

exhaustion, headache, and loss of appetite. '

a. a group of symptoms. b. a cause. c. something required.

• The involvement of organized crime has tainted many sports, including boxing and horse racing.

• The govermnent scandal tainted the reputations of everyone involved.

b. to damage.

a. to benefit. '

1. __

2. ~ __

3. __

4. 5.

Matching Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word,

6. 7. 8. 9.

10.

I

c. to start.

i

,

1---'

Determined by personal judgment, not rule or reason; based on impulse Motivated only by financial gain; greedy

An indirect reference

A group of symptoms typical of a particular disease or condition

A mild or vague term used as a substitute for one considered offensive or unpleasant

To calm, especially by giving in to the demands of Lacking originality; overused; commonplace

To stain the honor of someone or something

To attack physically or verbally

Unselfishly concerned for the welfare of others; unselfish

CA UTlON: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can lise the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions at all.

26 ChapterS

>- Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line provided, complete eachitem below with .the correct word from the box. Use each

word once. .

:'- :.,'-

1-. There have been people _. _. enough to 'seli their own children for the right

. price.: '. , .. .

2. ~~S~me,one .. tiQ~Il·i s}Jowp_: ID,~).1~:s~eE:9J:t~~~," my mother said, making a(n)

._ .. ._:._.'.~ tomy brother.· . -. . ". . -. .

._-'-_ .. _-_ .. - .. __ ._--_ ....... -, -_ .... :'--'_ ---------------- - ,_ - .. --,-_,." --_, _ .. _-- .

. .'------

..... -. --_.'---

,

3 .. It takes a(n) _. _ person to adopt ~ disabled child.

5 .. ·The locaf"undertaker Insists.on using a(n) _ for the'~h~p~l of his funeral .

parlor. He calls it the "slumber-room," . . .

6.' The report that the halfback 'was addicted to drugs .:.__(e)d the team's

. _. _. .. _im~ge.. .

- - - - -----

___________ . _ ... 7'-'Th~ -6rii~thirt~,th;t 'would ... ; ':~h~-dead boy's'parentS was hnpnsonmenfof

the drunk driver who bad kllled.him.

_________ 8. Abraham Lfucoblis. thQUght to h~ve had Marfan's _, a group of symptoms whlchincludes unusl1ttlly~orig bopes and abnormal blood circulation.

9. The judge's "harshsentence'·was _ .. Ratherthan being based on past .sirirllat cases oronthe seriousness of the crime, it was based on the judge's .opinion of the defendant. .

_________ 10, "You're special" probably appears on thousands of greeting cards, but when someone says it to you and means it, it never seems _,

NOTE: Now check your answers to these questions by tulJ1lngtopage171.Goirig O\lerthe aI1swerscarefti!ly will help

yO.trprep'~for t~eIleJtttwo Practices, fOf which answers are not given .. _'.... . ... '. . ... .. _ ..

>- Sentence Check 2

Using the answer lines.'provJdedr,,eomplete.eachitem below wIth lwri words-"frorn'the' box. Use 'e~ch word

once~--

"';:';;=~===-o. . 1~2. _peopl~tendt9. pla~~_!~e public welfare above their own self-interest.

. In contrast, _ people wilf"exploltO 'anyoiie' for ·aprOfit.....;.they will even

--------- seU harmful products .

. ;

~ ... "' -, ' .. ' .. -' ... c;:.~~~.(:_l"~~. __ , ·;_·-_'::. .. ·L·~r.:·,·:.'. ~ . .- ..•.•..... .t' .. :::':'.~~i",_ .. ~ ... : ,'. " . ,

____________ ,. 3-4. The angry customer ldddly' _(e)d'the salesman for having sold her a

brokenclock.The.8_a1e~l1l~n .ql.!~.(:l~Jy ..,.....,.(e)d her by giving her a full

refund. . -.. .. - .

. f' .. _ .

!-'-- ..

ChapterS 27

" .,

5-6. My boss judges performance in a(n) _ manner, praising and scolding according to his moods. And when he says, "Please stay a few minutes longer today," "a few minutes" is a(n) _ for "an hour."

7-8. A certain rare _ includes a very odd symptom-an uncontrollable urge to.. use obscene language. This disease can _ a victim's reputation, because some people who hear the foul language won't understand the reason for it.

9-10. The critic hated stale' language. Instead of writing a(n) _ comment such as "That ballerina is light on her feet," he made an interesting _ to the dancer's movements: "She was never heavier than moonlight."

>- Final Check: No Luck with Women

Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once.

)','

, My older brother, Mark, has no luck with women. He doesn't understand why. I do.

i; To begin with, when he first meets a woman, he goes into one of two styles of conversation.

The first is to (1) , her with a stream of personal questions: "What's your name? Where do you live? Is thaJ your real hair color? What kind of work do you do? Do you want to have kids someday? Are you seeing anyone? Would you like to have dinner with me?" Naturally, most women find this surprising and annoying. His other approach is to say the most (2) things, imaginable: '''Nice day, isn't it? I thought it might rain this morningbut it didn't. It might raintomorrowbut who knows, Last week was nice weather, too." By this time the poor girl has either walked away or passed out from boredom.

Another thing Mark often does ,in his encounters" with women is to say things that make him

sound totally (3) , as if money were the most important thing in the

world to him. He makes frequent (4) to his own salary, asks the woman

how inuch she makes, and complains about the prices of everything on a menu. When he takes a date to a movie, he sometimes embarrasses her by tryingto get his money back from the theater manager afterward, claiming he hadn't liked the movie. Naturally, "this sort of behavior somewhat (5) , shim inthe woman's eyes', and he rarely gets a second date. When one, of, his former girlfriends 'complained, to 'me" about 'Mark's behavior, I tried, to (6) her by telling her, that underneath it all, Mark is really a nice guy. She replied by saying that she wasn't.interested in digging that far down.

Mark, of course, finds women's reactions. to him completely (7) .

He shakes his head and says,' .IWomen are just not reasonable. Here I am, as nice as can be, and they act as if I have some horrible, contagious (8) ." I try to be n(o)

(9) sister and help the guy out. I point out how his behaviors tum

women off, using gentle (lO) s .such as "You're just a little different,

Mark. You're somewhat unique. You're a really special. unusual person." Maybe I need to come right out and let him hear the truth, even if it makes him mad: "You're weird, Mark."

i

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Enter your scores above I!lld in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book,

6

CHAPTER

Ten Word Parts inContext

, . . ~' ", ! . : . _-, ''t,:' :. •

Commonword parts--:-al~o known as prefixes, suffixes; and roots-are used in forming many words in . English .. Figure out the: meanings of the following 'ten word parts by looking closely and carefully at the ---.--._ .... ··ccintextinwhichthey·appear.-Then,inthespaceprovtdeq, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of

"_.~Ac:;h:worc1j1aii: .. .... ._ ..... _ _ . .. . ..

1 a~n, enn

• This year's annual family reunion will be held at a campground.

_ -~-.- -_ .0- '·---'-0ur-town is-having-abig-bicentenniaJ-par?-4e.:~xa~tly two:l1ul1dred years after the-day the town was fOl,m4.e9.

a: four.

b. year.

c. hang.

2 audi, audio- • The bride's softly spoken wedding vows were not audible to those

. .. .~~._aUhe_b_aC!kof_th~church~ ... -- .-- .. .... .-

o ---------- ... - ••• ~-, •• --.-_"---"-------"_---"" •• _ ._. __ •• , •••• _. - •••••• ,,-,-- •• -- c --'--_

• The sound system in the new auditorium is so good that music can

..:..... The word part audi or audio- be heard clearly even in the upper balconies.

hleanS

. ,. .. a.icondition.

b. feeling,

c. hearing.

} .

3 eyel, cyclo- ....

• When Bob asked.his parents if he could buy a new "two-wheeler,"

. they didn't realize hemeant a motorcycle. . ....

.• A ·cyclone travels in a circular motion.

a. circle. b. four.

c. condition.

_ The word part eycl or cyclomeans

4 -hood

• When children· reach adulthood, how much help should their

p~r~nts:~t_y~mem? .. ..

• For my great-grandmother, womanhood began early-vshe. was .. - - Inani¢o.arl~-: .~..----.---.--.-.---.--

_ The word part -hood means

a. state of.

b. sound.

c. not.

5 hyper-.

• Nancy is hypersensitive to conflict. When people disagree with her, she t:biDkS they are rejedinifher personally.

- .. -.Th~ltxpel'market,acombinationof·a .department _~tore' and a supermarket, is relatively new in the UnltedStates.

·a; opposite of. -b. more than normal. c. fourth.

--=The-worc.j.part-hyper~ means

T , • '" - •• I, .... ~.

• One cannot easily drown in Utah's Great Salt Lake because the lake's high percentage of salt helps peoplefloat.

. o. During the .. Amet;~F<a.Q Revolution, many brides proudly wore red,

Instead of white; as·'ii'symb-ofoftebellion. . - -. -

a. fourth. b. in a certain way. c. opposite of.

6 -Iy

.. '. ~,

_ The word part -ly means

---·-28

---_ ...

Chapter 6

29

7 non-

• The paints used in elementary schools are nontoxic so that H child who might swallow some won't be poisoned.

• The story about the aliens was supposed to be nonfiction! -but it sounded made-up to me,

~ The word part non- means

a. condition.

h. not.

c. overly.

8 path, -pathy

• When Rich's marriage fell apart, Ben's reaction was very empathic because he had also been rejected by a loved one.

• Felicia and her mother claim to have powers of telepathy. They say that they know each other's feelings and thoughts without being told.

.·.a, feeling, b. hearing, c. the opposite.

_ The word part path or -pathy means

9 penc;l

• The children's swing is an old tire that's suspended from a strong oak

branch. .

• I can't sit and watch the swinging pendulum of a grandfather clock without starting to feel sleepy.

_ The word part pend means

b. to listen.

c. to hang.

a. suffering.

10 ,quartJ quadr- • Let's cut the apple into quarters so all four of us can have a piece.

• The ad said I would quadruple my money in two months. But instead

___ The word part quart 01' quadr- of making four times as much mone~t I lost what I had invested.

means a. overly. b. two. c. four,

Matching Word Parts with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten word parts. pearly write or print each word part next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word part.

1. Four, fourth

2. Feeling, sufferlng

3. In a certain manner
4. Hearing, sound

5. , To hang

6. State, condition .
~.. . .. ,.
7. Year
8. More than normal; over1y
9. Circle l
10, Not; the opposite of CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can lise the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the word parts well enough so thnt you don't need to check the definitions at all.

30 Chapter 6

>- Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word

part from the box. Use each word part once. .

.·a.··anh.

: - .... : _,-~

. . ' .......

', : ...

1. Chim loves playing the piano, especially when he has a(n) ( ... ence) _. _.

listening to him. .

___.. ....... ' ;-:-' ...•. -e:_~ Z,it'~h~rdfor meta be(sY111" .~tic)~Y'hen my sister com-plains, because

she causes so many of her problems herself,· . -

'--~~'--~-"'~~-'--"~------

. _'--,_- .. _--------_._-,'. ~ .-.~-------~.-.---.--.-.---,--

----,-_ .... - --- ------, .. , . --,.

3. Because of therapy, Grace is a well-adjusted adult, but her (child ... ) _. y!!w:~yvery ti:Quble(tatl~Jlll.bappy~ .

• • ••• •••• _ ••• -,.-------.,---_.~,~,._ - _T__ _ ~ __ U, __ ., ••• _. ••• __ •• .;. ••• '.<~

4. When Llost one of my diamond earrings, I had the mhe'r~one~:r;laae·~i·nto a:(ri) ( .. , illzf)_··_·to ,~~hgaround my neck.

S. The children's oddI , .. et) _ consisted of a toy-drum player, a buildingblock clapper, a pianoplayer, and a bell ringer.

---- ----- - -- - - --_- -~- ', ' ~~·"W~·:-,vfe.~e~·t91d-to :b"dng--orily-"-neces'sar)'··ecjuipment on ourcampingtrip, .so.I

was surprised to see how much ( ... esseliUal) _._ gear others brought

7. Mrs, Baker saidsheand her husband had been (happi . , . ) _._. married for forty-seven years.' B utMr, Baker, correctingher, said' 1977 wasn 't'80- great. '

.,__,.-,- .. 8. One oftlle most dlfflcult 'vehicles to ride is also one of thesimplest: ~

........... __ (U1J,i •. :e)_, a vehi~le With. only One wheel. .

9. The supervisor said that workers would be evaluated ( ... uaUy) _ for possible promotions. So if they don't get a promotion one . year, they might get one the next.

__________ 10. My grandmother has ( ... tension) _, which is abnormally high blood

pressure.: .

NOTE:~o;' -check your ans~ers t~ th~~~qu~ti~~l~-by turnlng. to page 17'i:Goingoverllie answei'scuiifully will help you prepare for the next two practices, for which answers are not,given.

>- Sentence Check'2

Using the answer lines provided, complete each ttalicized word in the s~ritences-bblowWitb·lhe correct word .-.-:.--_part trom.the.box.Use.eacb.word P~JtQ~c~ .....

.. , ... I ..• >. : .. ,_ ..... , .. :,.'<!:' -.1-2, Some males aqt,as if,theu- (man" ' .' ) _ really (de ... s) _ on how

- . .. many touchdowns they"-score or home runs ·they hit, rather than on

~--------- maturity and strerigthof character. . .'-.

3-4. The ( ... ist)._ stood (helpless ... ) _ starmg·ai--tl1etlii-hfdlao chained to the tree. The test of the bike had been stolen.

---~"-'---.'- ....

:i

1

(

I r

i

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Cha~er6 31

5-6, Stan, a ( '.' .drinker) _, is ( , .. critical) _ of anyone who touches . alcohol. He is adamant? in his belief that taking even a single drink is the sign of a self-destructive personality.

7-8. The nursing class watched an ( ... visual) _. show about the horrible conditions in a mental institution of the 1950s. The patients looked ( ..• etic) _; clearly. they were suffering.

________ -'-_ 9-10. For my research report, I used two magazines-one ( ... erly)_, published four times a year; and an( ... ual) _._ that appears only every January.

>-- Final Check: A Taste of Parenthood

Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten word parts. First read. the following selection carefully. Then complete each italicized word in the parentheses below with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word part goes in which blank.) Use each word part once,

I have a lot of (sym ... ) (1)~ ---:-,-_-.- for parents of twins, triplets, and

( •.. up lets) (2) :; I just spent the weekend baby-sitting for my four

nieces and nephews.

First, I altruistically" offered to watch my brother's two children so that he and his wife could

go-away for the weekend for their sixth wedding ( ... iversary) (3) _

Then my sister called and said that her husband, an actor, had a chance to ( ... tio,n) (4) for a big part in a TV drama. He had to fly to California for the weekend. She said she'd love to go along if I could watch their children, aged two and three. T

(willing ... ) (5) agreed.

What a time I hadl I soon learned that the word baby-sitting has a false implicationv=I did

very little sitting that weekend. The children's activity was ( ... stop) (6)· .

It seemed as if they never sat down, and nothing engrossed? them for more than a few minutes .. They went from pedaling their tiny (tri .. , es) (7) to building with their blocks to banging their toy drums. They "washed" the dishes. let the dog loose, and made mud pies in the tomato garden. By Sunday, I was convinced they were all ( . . . active) (8) . In addition, all weekend I was assailed? with endless questions:

"Why can't I stay up late?" "Do I have to brush my teeth?" "What do ants eat?"

Besides all the activity and questions, I had to cope with the knowledge that four little ones

were entirely (de . ~ . ent) (9) on me for their needs. What if one got hurt?

What if they got sick? Fortunately, we survived without a disaster.

I can't imagine what it must be like for parents with two or more children. I guess I'm not ready to have kids yet-not even one. At least my responsibilities were terminated" on Sunday

night. But (parent ... ) (10) is for keeps. I think I'll wait.

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book,

UNIT ONE: Review

!he box at the right lists twenty-five words from Unit One. Using the clues at the bottom of the page fill

... .,. ,. -~.:; ~~~-,~.:Jn these. words.to.complete .the.puzzlejhatfollows, '

absolve acclaim' adjacent altruistic amiable

,. animosity

arbitrary

., banal _ .

demoralize deterrent...; .. eccentric epitome escalate inclination infringe .. _ ... innovation mercenary 'obsolete retort

sparse 'subsequent succinct taint terminate

ACROSS

1. To stain 'the honor of someone or something

4. To stop; bring to an end

5. To lower the spirits of ..... ·6. To reply, especially in a quick, sharp, or witty way

7, Friendly .and pleasantj. _

9. Motivated only by financial.

gain; greedy

11. Distributed thinly

13. Close; near (to something) 15 ,A tendency . .to. think, act, or

behave in a certain way

18. Lacking originality; overused

20, EriiliiisiiistiCde,iotion; 'iiiterise .. enthusiasm

21. A perfect example of a '. general quality or type

. ,.22 .. To intrude .or trespass on;.to .... . ... go beyond proper limits

23'. ·tietemunea~bypb:s;onID. ..

judgment; based on impulse

DOWN

2. Great praise or applause; enthusiasticapproval

3. SOlp,~~hh!:g that prevents or discourage·s·,-acertalu-acti()n

8. To find innocent or blameless

lO,'pifferingfr()1:n what is customary; odd

12. Expressed clearly in a few . words

13, Unselfishly concerned for the welfare of others; un~elfish ··""·14:~'T6'irtcrea'S(f'Ot'1ntensify ....

15. A new custom, method, or

. invention; something newly

'introduced '

16. No longer active or in use; out-of-date

17. Following in time or order; --next;·later;-succeeding -

19. Bitter hostility

32

.'~ _ . __ .. _. ... ._ -__..-.--~"_L .. -_ .. ~ .... - .... ---.~.

, I··

I t 1

UNIT ONE: Test 1

=

PART A

Choose the word that best completes each item and write it in the space provided.

.. ~

1. In the winter, the price of tomatcesL; while their quality goes down.

a. elicits

c. escalates

d. absolves

b. appeases

2. A common _ for corpse is "remains."

a. syndrome b. dilemma c.· euphemism

d. zeal

3. The taxi driver was so _ that he charged his own mother for a ride.

a. mercenary b. amiable c. curt d. wary

4. Do you consider it an _ that only one percent of Americans own a third of the nation's wealth?

a. allusion

b, inclination

d. acclaim .

c. inequity

5, You probably thought that mail delivery by mule was _, but it still exists in the Grand Canyon.

a, adamant

b. curt

c. tangible

d. obsolete

6. You can make your essays _ by going through them carefully to remove all unnecessary words.

a. succinct

b. adamant

d. eccentric

c. tangible

7. New York's firefighters and police were the _ of courage during the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Many of them. lost their lives while attempting to save others.

a. encounter b. epitome c. animosity d. innovation

i I

1- -

8, As a(n) _ to stealing, the Los Angeles Rapid Transit Authority requires its employees to weal' uniforms without pockets.

a, deterrent

c. innovation

d. inference

b.acclaim

9. The suspect realized that if she wanted to be _ of the charges, she'd better hire a detective to find the real murderer.

a. assailed

b. demoralized c. tainted

d. absolved

__________ 10. You might have a stronger _ to work for high grades if you were a student in the Cleveland public high schools, where each A earns forty dollars toward college tuition.

a. animosity

c. inclination

d. syndrome

b .. infirmity

(Continues on next page)

33

34 Unit One: Test 1

PARTB

On the answer line, write the letter of the choice that best completes each item.

"',. !.

__ 11. You would have an encounter with an old friend from grade school if you

-a;-contacted·himbymait---- b. missed him.

c ... forgot about him. d. ran into him at the mall.

- . _. .: 12~ 'Ihe office manager maligned her boss by saying,

-r a; "He's-not only stupid but also dishonest," -.-'-- b. "I wish I had a sports car like his,"

c. • 'He 's the nieestboss'I've everb;ra:'.' .. -.' ". . ~ '~d.'''''1I1inlche could be- aliulemore-efficient,"

13. Which of the following would be considered an innovation if it were put on the market today? a .. Al1elecmc bltil1lcet-. . '._ ... _'_:_"__ __~.J\faxm,a..chine

__ .. ... c-,_A~9mJ)ip_ation,co_!l1PJl!er and waffle iron' . . d. A hand plow

.. ~ 14;-Our-~ng1i~hte~ch~r~ay~~~~:~i~~~;i~~~;~~~~~-;tm~ ~lu~s

. a, March··thiough June. b. beautiful daffodils .

..... .; <;,_ ._mJU_rg~t9 s~Ill.'~,sl~epi1y()9:ttl1e wln-~o~ •. 0_ ••••••• ~~.~l!~rgy pills .

. ,.

".- . ~

.'" .

. .. " :. -." ---.~-----,__, __ _" .. __ ._ ~_ --- __ ~'~-----_·-- __ --L.---~-~---~ __ ~ __ , _. ~ . __ ~ _

_ 15. "You have tainted the name of our family forever," Ellen's father told her::i'an(fyoushOUfdbe-

... a: -proud:;- . . b •. ashamed." .

c.' amused!' . . d.· thanked."

V~ __ . 16. The nurse exploited her elderly patient by ·.~~,-;gM~&him a bath and changing hissheets, c. complai~ng"t()"jier hushilidaboufhfrii.-··

.. b. readingaloud to himevery day.

. d.trickin~Dlfuiiii.iogiving·hisf6nunl;f to her:

_. _ i 7. A'eurtresponse whl.l:n sPll1~Qn~_a*ed YOU"1o dance would be

. a. "Noway.u ..

b. "That'd be great. Thanks." .

c. "I'd~~ily like to, but I've alreadybeen asked. by someone else."

d. "i wouldn't dance with you if we were the last two human beings left alive on Earth."

... '_ , .. --. ,- -- - ._._-------- -; ,._ .. ' .. '.' .. '- " _ ., .. , .

. i

,

~ .,. _.

,

__ 18. When the. Lees moved toa new neighborhood, they were faced with an unfortunate dilemma: a.They discovered that a large family of squirrels was living in the attic of their new home.

b. They had to choose between a terribl~ public school or a private one that was very expensive."

c. They hadfrlendly neighbors on one side and rude ones on the other.

d. There was~~~,ugh s~nin 'their back yard for good-sized vegetable and flower gardens.

__ 19. When we put out a can of tuna for the stray cat in our yard, the waryaIlimai

.. '-.-:a:: - '-gobble4 itdoWilaS:th0ugbit wercrstazying.~:-·::- :.:- _.... .

. b. sniffed it suspiciously and took a long tlme before deciding to eat it. .

c. didn'tseem hungry.

d. ate it and promptly fell asleep:

__ 20. When the teacher smiled at the class andsaid.f'If I were you,l'd studyChapter 2 tonight," the

impUcationwas·that ----------. . . '"-- __ .----

a. most of the students had already studied that chapter,

b.-··-most-oftheclass members were poorstudents, . . _

c. the teacher would testthe class on that chapter: the next day.

d. jhe chapter was not very interesting.

.. i

'.__ ~ _

. :.: :~._ ..... 1: . ;.- .1 -.' '-. : ~ "J:.~ :.. -' .. '

.. · ... i~~~·._· ._:' . l-

Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

;

~---

,.i._ -.

' ...... ~ ...

. ,

.":,-:,:' p.

I.

=

UNIT ONE: Test 2

PART A

Complete each item with a word from the box. Use each word once.

1. An unhappy employee _(e)d the company's assembly line by spilling coffee on a gear box.

2. Do you think that supermarket tabloids _ on celebrities' privacy?

3. The _s in the debate took opposing sides on the question of outlawing cigarettes ..

4. Most Americans show little _ for the outdoors, spending only about 2 , percent of their time there.

S. Apparently. the chance tobe President doesn't _ much enthusiasm from most Americans-89 percent say they wouldn't want the job.

6. A "perm" involves the contradictory steps of burning hair to a lifeless state and then smearing on conditioners to _ it.

7. Although Marilyn Monroe received great_ fromadoring fans and critics, she never received an Academy Award.

8. Our congressional representative. _ in her opposition to pesticides, often reminds voters that pesticides kill about fourteen thousand people each year.

9. When a woman told Winston Churchill, "If you were my husband. I'd put poison in your tea." he _(e)d, "If I were your husband, I'd drink it."

_________ 10. Although failure _s some people. it encourages others to try harder. _________ 11. The plants look _ now, but within a year or two they'll multiply.and fil~ in the empty spaces.

_____ ~---12. "Gail isn't the only athlete in the family," Clarence said, making a(n)_ to Gail's father, -a bowling champion.

_________ 13. When Kathleen stood Evan up for the prom, 'an apology did not _ him.

He's suing her for the cost of his rented tux and the prom tickets.

)~ I

(Continues on next page)

35

36 Unit One: Test 2

PARTB

Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write I if the word is used incorrectly.

i:

F=

__ 14. Ants have the infirmity of being able to survive under water for up to two weeks.

_ ... _. 15.·Wllen the evidence in a case is unclear, a jury's decision maybe arbitrary, based on-only the , . j~r~rs' "gut feeling."

.. ~·.:J6.:M.ovIere"lews aieneveisl.(bjeciive-='tb~Y f~'preseriith.~person8J.9JlihforisofcriHcs .

. _. _ 17Afyou worry about the environment, you're eccentric. According toa poll, over three-fourths of .

Americans are concerned about the environment. .

.~ 18. PhylHilis ~ery meihodl~dii~'h~~'~ff~;:t~'t~"bethe'iife 'of any party. She .keep~ a file box of jokes;

.. - ._-_ .. __ . ···_······_·_·_·_··_·illilexedl5yoc·casimL _ .. -~ .. '--_-~---.-.---- .. -- .. -.--.-.--- ~_.- .... - ... - ... ...- -- ... -

PARTe

On the answer line, write the letter of the word that is the synonym of the boldfaced word.

Example; _g_ irate

a. angry

. b. calm

--- -----

c. well-informed

",

__ . 20;termiiiale·

a. begin

b.rend

. c. grow·

_. __ 21. amoral

a. ethical

b. costly

c. unprincipled

. ' .. ~ : _- .-" .

__ 22. amiable

·a. friendly

b. natural

c. unfriendly

PARTD

. On the answer line, write the letter of the word that is the antonym of the boldfaced ~ord.

.. . .. .. "'_ Example: _b _ iI'ale

a, _Q,ngry __ .... _.... _ b, calIIl

c. well-informed

23. assail

a. flow

b. attack

c. defend

"

__ . 24. subsequent

a. previous

... .b ... hidden

.C •. following

__ "25; -animosity-> .... · -

-a=-liveliness

···-b.··hatred --:---

... c. ~Yl1!pa~QY

,~.''- ,.':

.:' ..

.. :' '. <.

Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

"

~ ..

.

...... - ..... ,-~-

':.~.' I :. ,

".:'-'

''':';-'

[

,

I

UNIT ONE: Test 8

Each item belowstarts with a pair of words in CAPITAL LETTERS. Fol' each item, figure out the relationship between these two words. Then decide which of the choices (a, b, c, or el) expresses a slrnilar relationship. Write the letter of your choice on the answer line.

1. AB~OLVE : BLAME :: .... a. reduce: enlarge

c.' trial: verdict

2. AMORAL: CRIMINAL ::

a. pastor: church

c. uneducated: professor

3. ANTAGONIST: TEAMMATE ::

a. coworker: relative c. scholar: athlete

4. DILEMMA: SOLUTION :: a. puzzle: piece

G. breakdown: repair

5. SABOTAGE: TERRORIST :: a. entertain: magician

c. terrorize: frighten

6. WARY: CAUTIOUS :: a. jealous; envious

c. jealous: rival

7. IRATE: FRIENDLY:: a. peaceful : calming c. sweet: sour

8. ACCLAIM: CRITIC ::

a. test : question c. loyalty: dog

9. ADJACENT: NEARBY:: a. neighboring: distant

c. upbeat: optimistic

_ 10. ENGROSS: FASCINATING :: a. popular: well-known

c .. boring : thrilling

b. blame: punish d. wish: desire

b. murderer: victim d. brave: explorer

b. opponent: supporter d. teammate: coach

h. confusion: bewilderment d, size: color

b. destroy: carpenter d. magic: illusion

b. excessive: minimal

d. minimize: exaggerate

b. plentiful: abundant d. warrior: weapon

b. statement: silence d. symptom: disease

b. familiar: strange d. optimist: whiner

b. common : rare

d. bore: monotonous

(Continues on next page)

37

38 Unit One: Test 3

_ II. INFIRMITY: STRENGTH:: a. joy : unhappiness

c. sadness; depression

; I

b. disappointment;' emotion d. depression : sui9ide

-----,- -- :::.:::.:.=-12;METHODICAL-:,-ORGANIZED::., <I. careful: sloppy

c. simple: elaborate

b. oareful c.orderly' -d.',insult~_anger !

C T_ ~_.

, . ~ ," ~ ' ..

=---. 13-. -- OBSOLETIEMoDEL':r;:-

a. well-known : Disney World c. spotlight: flashlight

- _ .. _ .•... _ .. _-

,

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b. old-fashioned: modern

d. nutritious: chewing gum

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------~14. TANGIBLE: I>REAMS::

-" - . --- --- '"----~1iprQ~:a.,Q_l~_ !Ji~~~i.,. . __

d; intentional : accident

.............. -". j

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a.c.weather.i.snowy c. frequent: often

:,,---__::~=~f5.--'tERMrNA:rE:BMPt;bYMENT~::_., .. __ a.chimney : house

c. remember :Jo~g~t

1

-~---------~- .. ~. .. __ t_

b. begin: commeri~e d.:,quit:schooi-- .,..-

_ 16. ESCALATE: INTENSIFY::

. '.'

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.. . - .1

b. compliment.i.lnsult.

- - cCincrea'se':adjusf --- --~-_--.

1

.~a. lahQr.;WQI.k~ __ ,. __ , ...

c. enlarge : preserve

17. SPARSE: THICK :': a. acorn: oak tree c. confusing: clear

1 b. recent:rnoderrl

, --

- d. -amusing: intelligent

.

_ 18. SUCCINCT: WORDY::·-

a. talkative: chatty

c. alarmi ng : .frlghtening

I

h. brief: hurried j

d. welcome: unwanted !

_ 19. ALTRUISTIC: UNSELFISH:: -a.·· saint: holy

c. generous: stingy

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. ,. h. artist : painting .(i- .. wealthy :iich i

" ..

20. BANAL; UNORIGINAL ::

. .. . ... . - - - _ .. _. .... ~" ...

a. surprising: unexpected c. copied: original

b. pleasant: distasteful . d. match: -fire ,i

--[,_ .. --

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UNIT ONE: Test 4 (Word Parts)

PART A I

Listed in the left-hand column below are ten common word parts, followed by words in which the parts are used. In each blank, write in the letter of the correct definition (In tho l'.ight.

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Word Parts Examples Definitions
t. ann, enn annual, bicentennial a. In a certain manner
2. audi, audio- audible, auditorium b. Feeling, suffering
3. cycl, eyclo- motorcycle, cyclone c. Circle
4. ~hood adulthood, womanhood d. To hang
5. hyper- hypersensitive, hypermarket e. Year
6. -ly easily, proudly f. Foul', fourth
7. non- nontoxic, nonfiction g. State, condition
8. path, -pathy empathic, telepathy h. Not; the opposite of
9. pend suspend, pendulum i, Hearing, sound
10. quart, quadr- quarter, quadruple j. More than normal; overly PARTB

I

Using the answer line provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word

part from the box. Not every ~ord part will be used .

. a,·anlJ. :t". ::;'IY: -.

c ..

e. hyper" j. quadr-

_________ 111. Mickey Mouse had no (boy .•. ) _ -he was "born" as an adult.

~ .

__________ f2. I enjoy riding an exercise bike because I don't have to ( ... e) _ uphill.

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_________ 1;3. My dog didn't know why I was crying, but I could tell that she fell

i (sym ... )_forme.

__________ *. The spider, (sus ... ed) _ from the ceiling on its own silken thread, : . dangled above a bowl of popcorn.

__________ li5. Children's rhymes include such ( ... sense) _ words as "Hickory, dickory, dock."

(Continues on next page)

39

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40 Unit One: Test 4

PARTe

Use your knowledge of word parts to determine the meaning of the boldfaced words. On the answer line, write the letter of each meaning.

a, inasecretmanner ....

'b.' 'at n secret time

. c. without being-secret

a. a third of a gallon

···"b. ·aJ6tiith6Tal~ft11on ..

18. The public library's biennial hobby show will take place next month.

a.happeningeverytwo weeks b.-happeningevery two months c. happening every two years

".. .

__ --- ._-- _.,... ..~ ,.--~ ,"_-'-'"' __ .. _. ,_ ,----,_ .. __ _._,--- ".- .. _--,." ~ -, - .. , -, _ --- __ -------------------- --_ .. _- -----_.

__ .19. Mrs. Bush was troubled-by hyperthyroidism.

. .. .. .a. toolittleactivity ,. .. . b. too much activity

-. __ "o:f" the -fuyFoTa-giah~:'-' -_. "··-·--ofthe-fuyrofdgland .

_ .. _. _ 20. 'There's aprob16m at the ~leYis_i_6!lst[ttid_rt. Only the .audio portion oLthe S_!lOW is corning through.

u.SOlind

b. picture

c. top

I

Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

• • __ .... ...." •• _~ ...... •• r~ •• • ••• -.··-·-~' ••. -

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Unit Tuio

Chapter 7

Chapter 9

Chapter 11

ChapterB

,_ ,enigma

.. -, exemplify , .,', .moblle

" nocturnal "orlent

Chapter 10

:: degenerate i,:lmplauslble :~~]~~c6!lerEmt ' 0} Intercede , ;",' intrlca'te

sanctuary scrutiny sinister suffice vulnerable

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Chapter 12

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CHAPTER

7

..

Ten Words in .Co.tlJext

In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the.

context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning. . ... :..

1 calamity

... ----(R{)-larn''i~te)

-noun

zccmprehenslve (kdm 'pre-hen I sfv) -adjec:tive

-,- Comprehensive means

3 conventional (k~rt~veri" sha-nol) -adjective .

_ Conventional means

4 flagrant (fill' grant) -adjective

__ J?lagrqntnneans

5 fluctuate

. (fliik ' chao-at') -verb

Fluctuate means

6 persevere (pllr's:;J-vll") -verb .

__ Persevere means

42

.... ~ ThesurVlvors of the earthquake slowly rebuilt their homes andlives after the · "calamlty.":

- Our neighbor's house burned down one night in May. Ever since that calamity,

· .sQfue.Qf.1:P._e children on our street havebeenafraid to go to bed at night. ..

--------- ••• -- •••• --.---.----, •• ,.~.- ~ • -,- -----.----~~---- .. _ .----.-~------------.~. --- ------- ------._ __ _ _ •• _ L ~

· a. an activity. ... ..~. a tragedy. . . c. a risk.

: • '- :. ~. ~ . .' . _ •. '. '.: '-. . ..". ~.;.. .. "; ...... !-.. ," ..' .. "

" That article on sightseeing in New Orleans vias not comprehenslve, ItfaileCl to

mention many points of interest in that wonderful city. . .

-.The company'scomprehenslve insurance plan covers most healthservices,

- ixicludillghospHais; ·doCiors~·and deritists: ... . .....: ..~~~.

a. complete. b. familiar. c. continuous.

.• The conventionalValentine's·Day-gifts.are roses and chocolates.

-.Jorge wanted to·propose to Elena in the conventional manner, so in·the middle

. 5!.fa .. ~~st~tl~ant,.·l1e~otdowlion his knees and asked, "Will you marry me'?"

a.ciut-of-the-way. . b. useful, ··6:·usu:al.

• The use of campaign funds for the congressman's private business was a flagrant violation of the law.

• In flagrant disregard of his parents' stated wishes, Art wore a T~shirt and jeans to their dinner party.

. . a. obvious.

b .... acceptable.

. c .. minor ....

io My weight used to fluctuate between 150 and 190·pounds. Now it's steady, at 170 pounds .

·-,.·Desert··temperatures.~can .fluctuate .. by as much as. fif~y degrees between "daytime:'and'nighttirne.

''a. -teeentiaue.

c~tof()l1ow. .

- "I blow you 'retired," jack said,"but we've goflopersevere' and get to the ..

camp before the storm hits." .

• It was not easy to attend English classes while working at two jobs, but Nina I persevered until she could speak English well.

.. a; to surrender. b.to holdback. .... c .. to.keep going .....

••••••• c".O ......... _, ••• , •••

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Chapter 7 43

7 ponder (pon'dQr) -verb

• Too often we don't take time to ponder the possible consequences of our actions.

• Over the years, Mr. Madigan rarely took time to ponder the meaning of life.

Since his heart attack, however, he's thought a lot about what is important to him.

Ponder means

a. to wait for.

h. to ignore.

c. to think about.

8 rehabilitate (re'h~~bn '~:J-tat) -verb

• Most prisons make little effort to rehabllltnte inmates so [hat they CHn [cull productive, wholesome lives after their release.

• My grandfarher learned to walk. write, and speak again in a program that rehabilitates stroke victims.

Rehabilitate means

a. to pay back.

b. to prepare for normal life.

c. to depend upon.

9 turmoil (tUr'moil) -noun

• Without a teacher, the sixth-grade class was in turmoil, until the principal entered the room and the students quickly came to order.

• After the turmoil of crying babies, active children, and trying to feed 120 people, I'm glad when our family reunions end.

a. discussion. b, disorder. c. harmony.

_ Turmoil means

10 venture (ven r chor) -verb

• "I'll venture going on any ride in this amusement park except the Twister," said Nick. "I'll risk getting sick to my stomach, but I won't risk my life."

• At tomorrow's staff meeting, I will venture to say what I really think and cross my fingers that I don't get fired.

Venture means

a. to dare.

c. to imagine.

b. to remember.

Matching Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition, The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word.

1. Shockingly obvious; outrageous

2. To take the risk of; dare
3. Including all or much

4. To restore to a normal life through therapy or education

5. To continue with an effort or plan despite difficulties ~ -

6; ... Complete confusion; uproar

7. An event bringing great loss and misery

8. To vary irregularly; to go up and down or back and forth

9. To consider carefully; think deeply about

10. Customary; ordinary CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually 10 know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions at all.

• .t .••. '

44 Chapter?

>- Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line providedcomplete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once .

_....;_ ~ __ ~_··:l:>Iris·is"s'O·"VRin that-she-considers-it-a _:_:::::··i(a'pimple.appear-s.,anywhere. on

~~. .' .

-;,- . '2. Toomanypeople have a child without taking time to _ parenthood. They' .. . give!esstliollghttohaVlng-'ababYlhan to buying a sofa.

3. WhenCharlenelosth.erTob--because·she spokeupfor a fellow employee, rf'

was a _ violatiolf~fh~i"rights. .

. . ,'. ·1.' . . .

">_' .• '-'-' - •• - •••• __ • T __ ' "_~~ _'____: ~~~_~ __ ••••

_.:__ .... _ .. ----iCOur-:mstciryexaIi1wqroe=;irwnrcovefevetythingw-e',vestudied ~sinC"e-'--

. .' September. '. .

5. Nobody in :Dotig'sfamilyhas a _'_. job. Bis mother is a drummer, his

father is a magician, and his uncle is a wine taster. .

. ,

',r

·~f_ ....

..

t$.'. LearriingJhecornput~(pr.ogrmQ.:W!!1?_ cU.fficult,lJllt_wllen .Marla .s.a"" )~~~_ ... . useful it would be in her work, she was glad she had _( e)d ..

'. . .

____ ---'____ 7. It took many months of therapy to _ my aunt after she lost her sight, but " .

. now she can get around her home and neighborhood on her own .

.... '

8. The day we moved, the apartment was in _. Boxes and people were ....................... ev~ry\Vhere., and the b~~y wouldn't stop crying.

9. The way my dog's appetite' __ (e)d this week worries me. One day she hardly ate anything, and the next she gulped down everything.I gave her.

_____ -'- 10. Instead of hiring a lawyer, the defendant will_ to plead her own case in

court.

NOTE: Now check your answers to thes~questions1Jytu_mj~g Np~gC?J77, Going over the answers carefully will help

youpreparefor thenext twopractlcea, for which answers l).I'e not given.··· .. . "" -.. . - -

». Sentence Check 2

once.

Using tll.~.~~!sw~r Ullesprovi~ed,co~pl~!~_~~~ item below, with two words from the box. Use each-word

___ ~ ···_'-1"':~2. The one tiiiie mycousif '=(e)d'skydiving. the result was ~ _". Her

. parachute didn't open', and she was injured so badly in thefull that she

----____:.._;_---- . almost died. ' .. ' '.'

.. ;.

3~4; A drug-treatment ce~ti!~'~an _ most addicts. Among the failures are __________ ... ... . ... addicts ~h9 d.()n;f =with··the·tte:;i.tmeh1andleiivethe 'centerearly,

. ~ .. -.: .... ----- ..... , ..

, .. ;." .. , ...

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Chapter 7 45

5-6. When driving alone, Marshall is very _. obeying all the traffic rules.

But when his friends are with him, he shows off with _ violations of the speed limit.

7-8. "We need to _ all we might do to help families in trouble," said the social worker to her staff. "We must plan a _ program, not just a narrow plan dealing with only one part of their lives."

___ -:- 9-10. The boss's moods and orders _ so wildly at times that they throw the

department into _. As a result, productivity is at an all-time low, and it will take a new boss to revitalize" this office.

>- Final Check: Accident and Recovery

Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully, Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues win help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once.

We tried to stop Anna from jumping, but her (1) disregard of our

warnings led to a .(2). that would change her life forever. She dove off a rock into a river none of us was sure was deep enough. When she hit the bottom. she broke her back.

I visited Anna at the hospital every day for the next few weeks. I saw her mood

(3) between anger and quiet depression. Her whole life seemed in

(4) _

; she was too confused and demoralized? to think reasonably about

her future.

Within about a month, however, I began to see a change in Anna. She had moved to Henner

House to participate in a very (5) program, designed to meet all the

needs or patients like Anna. The program (6) s accident victims so that

they can return to fulfilling lives. Anna gained hope once she saw she could learn to do such everyday tasks as cooking, cleaning, and bathing. After learning how to get around indoors, she (7) (e)d traveling around the city in her wheelchair, The more she did, the better she felt. The staff also helped Anna plan for her future. They urged her to

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(8). her goals and how she might meet them. At times, it was difficult .

for her to ·(9) with the program, but she didn't quit.

Now, ten months later, Anna is able to live a somewhat (lO) life.

Her infirmity" is not a deterrent"; she is able to do many of the ordinary things she used to dowork, drive, and Jive in an apartment with a friend. Yes, her life has changed forever. But Anna is once again glad to be alive.

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

CHAPTER

I' 1

" enigma ..

: .: : :. ". ~.~: .; .' :.:.·.;·::~'~~@P}p'J;i,W;>·.·, . . . .:.: .' .:, mobile ", '; .'

", . :·::.:·nO-ctu·rri~f}':-{'· ':'

:::', .. ~rJ~~:if(~:;>- ,':.'

8

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Ten Words in Context

.1

In the space provided, writethe letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word, Use the context of the sentences to help YQU figuxeQlIteqch word'smeaning.

.. .". - .

.. _t~@te~_ (~·test' ) -llerh

..... .. _ ----- ---_

... _ .. __ ... _.~.~_~Y~~_~~~~Q~~s.Ji~e!1t~~_Q<?ld~Il:9~te Bridge in the rose-gold light of sunset

can attestto its beauty. ". ---- .. -.- ..... -- . --. ---- ----

~.'.'. ...•. Witllesse-g:htt~sf'to thefact that rainf~ll makes the ground of Death Valley so ---.-.---- .- .. - ..... -------.---- ---~ .. ·-··-··:.-~::sHpp~tp~t-boiild,ers~sljdeacross:.rC~~.::--:.:.~-- .--~: ..... - .. -'-:.- .. -.~-~~---~-------"" I

-"1'

~ Attest to means

a. to declare.to be true ...

c. to.forget easily.

b. to wish for.

2" 'iiUfibiife

, (at'N-byact') .- -1101111

.'·~Athie~·.:hund~ed:.page novel' written in 1939'hasihe oddrattrlbute ro] containing no e, the most common letter in English,

..!'.., n: Jap-an .. :.I1Qme~m':LbayesJlcb~.Qm R~llG.rl~~c_I_ a tJrJ!n~t~~.~/lwinct)lbie_l(L\'Ii fJ~I'l' ...

that automatically tum on when it rains.' .

a. atendency, h. a defect. c. a characteristic.

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. _:_ Attribgte means

3 discern '{ar~slh1i') .

-verb

. .

.. An experienced -jeweler-caneasily "discern whether a . diamo nd.is .gen uine . or

fake.

.................... s.People who are.red-greeneolerblindcan ~scerlltb~c:oloJ:so(tl:a,fficligllt~-by

.' . recognizing shades of gray, . .

_ Discern. means

a. to see clearly.

b. to disregard.

c. to change.

'4 dispatch (dl-spjich" ) -'vej'b

'. I wanted to dispatch the letter as quickly as possible, so I took it to the post office instead of dropping it into a mailbox.

• Af\vork Harold"ts'tre'ateciiike an erraHd boy, His bosso[tefi dispatches him to · the deli for sandwiches or donuts. 0

_ Dispatch means

b. tosend,

C. to drive.

a. to represent.

5 enhance. (en-ham ')

-I','r/J

• Our gym teacher .enhanced herappearance with a more attractive hairstyle.

• The-college-catalogue .. stated.fhat.the.writing . course. would "enhance all .. sJti<ients 'VJ~!l!lg_ ~ts.i.I!~".!?yimproyiIlg_tlleir gram~~~ 1l1~d.s.t:t~e.

a, t"'improve,"" ". " .b.~·to.f6CQgnize. .' ,v,.c •.. .ro.reduce,

), ... Ii

I

_ Enhance means

6 enigma (i'-nlg'ma) -noun

• How the thief entered our house was an enigma until we remembered that the cellar door had been left unlocked.

.•. The "singing sands" of Scotland remained an enigma until scientists learned that footsteps caused the round grains of sand and the surrounding air pockets

.... tomake musical vibrations. .

_ Enigma means

a. a comfort.

b. a puzzle.

c. an error.

46

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Chapter 8 47

7 exemplify (Ig-zem 'pl~-fi') -verb

• The many IRS employees who give citizens inaccurate information exemplify governmental incompetence.

• MivPell.. who emphasizes original thinking and freedom of expression, exemplifies the best in teaching.

b. to save.

_ Exemplify means

a. to jllustrate.

c. to oppose.

8 mobile (mo'b;;,l) -adjective

• My parents own a mobile home, which can be moved from place to place on a long truck.

• Every morning when I was in the hospital, a volunteer wheeled a mobile library into my room.

Mobile means

a. active.

b. expensive.

c. movable.

9 nocturnal (nok-tur' nal) -adjective

• I know when my brother has enjoyed one of his nocturnal feasts because I find a stack of dishes in the sink in the morning.

• Being nocturnal, owls are rarely seen during the day.

a. noisy. b. busy. c. of the night.

• When coming up from the subway, I often need' to look at a street sign to orient myself.

• Certain cars let drivers orient themselves in unfamiliar places with the help of an electronic map that shows the car's location.

a. to locate. b. to welcome. c. to question.

_ Nocturnal means

10 orient (or'e"~nt) -verb

"r

_ Orient means

Matching Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word.

1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

6. 7. 8. 9.

10.

A mystery or puzzle

To send to a specific place or on specific business Of, about, or happening in the night; active at night

To make a statement about something on the basis of personal experience; bear witness; testify

To determine one's location or direction; to locate in relation to a direction (east, west, etc.)

To recognize; detect To improve

Moving or able to move from place to place A quality or feature of a person or thing

To be an example of; represent; be typical of

CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can lise the definirions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so tIM you don't need to check the deflnltions at [l11.

. ;

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48 Chapter 8

>- Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each

word once. . .

a;' attest f.' enig·ma.<·:'

_____ ~ . '-"l;"'Fresh -garlie-may-net :..:.__:::·,·the"br-eatli(,bu£.,it--oortainly ~impf,G¥.es . -spaghetti

sauce.

____ _,, 7.A·y.;~~~ess Jtl)d toihe·fruthofthedeferidarifs.clairil·that she had loved

themurderedll1an.-·- "'-- -.

_____ .,....,..~ . 3. When I was younger, my mother used to _ me to the store for milk or

some missingc.o()l_W1gi~gredi~nt as often as twice a day.

. ,.- ...•... , _. _ " '_' --. -, -- ----_-_ ---- - --" ',- _ .. -,- '-.,_ - ,_, ~- .--,. -:-~.-----~-- - ': ..:. .

4. 'Th~-ii~~~--of'~uchiaorm~is'-rts-Susan B.Anth'on-y;·IViahatma:Oandhi,::and

- Martin Luther King .-gre_atness.

S. Science doesnot 'have enough evidence to solve the _ of.whetherornot there is otherintelligent life in the universe,

___ .. _ _-._.-._ _- .. _,..."_._ . __ .. .,._,. __ --6~ . 'Phe-conviets decided-oria(ri)-~ escape. The dafkness··wouldhide them as

theyfled through the forest: .. ..... .

7. Sue's hairpiece is so' natural looking that it's impossible to _ where the hairpiece endsandher ownhair begins .

it The positions of the starshelp sailors _ themselves on the open seas.

__ ___., ._ .:'. 9,Mymotherisi.lnabletowa1k,'bllt With her wheelchair she is :":'='enough to --I

get around her one-story home, move along a sidewalk, and even shop at a

malL

______ __;~ __ 10. Giant kelp, a form of seaweed, has some amazing _so Not only is it the world's fastest-growing vegetable. but the more it is cut, the faster it grows.

.. _".,' .. ,--,.'; ..

. ~ .

IfOT/£,; 'r-l(,\w-t:heckyollra1fswers to these questions by turning-to page 1770 Going over- the answers carefully will help ... you prepare for the next two practices; for willeti' answers are not given:'

I 1-·

>- Sentence Check 2

Using the-answer lines provided.ccemplete.each.item below withJwo:.wor:qll:. fr9Jl1the.b9.!~ .. _1,J13e ea~h word. once.

1-2. B~~~~;~H~l~n Kell~r could -not hear or see, thekeennessof her other senses was _(e)d by use. It is said that she could _ who was in a room simply by using her sense of smell .

. .... ~~ ' .. ' .. '.~'.'.'. : ", . ~ . .:.:~." ... -.,:: ..

3-4. A _ robot that~_QU~_~.t§J!l!~deliy~rs rnai] throu~hout the office building

.,.;._ c, ': :"'.:.: "".::'.';' ~s.,itself.kVithele~triq,~y~~;" .,'; . . . - .

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Chapter B 49

5-6. In fables, animals often illustrate human _so In the story of the race between the tortoise and the hare, the tortoise is meant to _ the human qualities of being slow but steady. Despite competing against 'a much speedier antagonist", he persevered" and beat the overly confident hare.

7-8. The reason the boss likes to _ Oliver on lengthy errands is no _.

Everyone knows that the office functions better with Oliver out of the way.

__________ 9-10. Anyone who has ever gone to college can _ to the fact that during finals, many students become _ animals. They stay up all night before an exam and then, once the test is over, sleep the rest of the day.

>- Final Check: Animal Senses

Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully, Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page, (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once.

Animals possess sensory powers that humans lack. Homing pigeons fly with great speed and

.accuracy when (1), --.. (e)d with messages to faraway places. How do pigeons

(2), themselves in unfamiliar regions? This remains something of a(n)

(3) . The mystery, however, is partly explained by a pigeon's ability to

see ultraviolet light, which reveals the sun's position even through clouds. In addition, pigeons can

hear sound waves that have traveled hundreds of miles. These waves (4). _

a pigeon's sense of direction by indicating distant mountains and seas, Pigeons even appear to

(5) changes in the earth's magnetic field.

Bats have impressive (6), s equally worthy of acclaim", As

(7) animals. they search for food in complete darkness. They do so by

screeching in tones higher than any human can hear and then locating prey by the returning echoes.

Scorpions also (8). the night hunter. Tiny leg h~lt~nable them to

feel vibrations in the sand made by a (9) insect as far as two feet away.

!---

People with knowledge of the pigeon, bat, and scorpion can (10) _

to the fact that such "innovations"? as the magnetic compass, radar. and the motion detector are nothing new.

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

,

;: :

I

~

, ,

"( ......... _.

CHAPTER

9

Ten Words in Context

In the space provided, . write the letterof the' mea·nio·g·.closest tol11at of eachboldfaced-word- Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning.

1 concurrent (bn~ k(rr' ~nt) -adjective

_ Concul'rent:mellUs

2 confiscate (kOn 1 fis-kat ') ····~iie':b

_ Confiscate means

olbvingfulstakerilyregisteredfor two concurrent classes, Joe had to drop one -. -- -oftheridihdclf6ose-acoutse- that .metara different. time.

. \.A. 'l~

• Concurrent with the closing of the steel mill-was the opening of 'a new toy ..factotyJll_ttlWn:; ASJ:I._t~§.uJt,!I.l.Q~!QfJh-~ __ workers' laid off from the mill found

jobs at the new factory, .----- .. ----- -.. ..----.- ...

a. occurringatthe.sfltrle tim.e.

b. resulting.

c. noticeable.

"Hand 'em over," my father said. Just as we were really starting to have fun, he cQufiscate4 our entire supply of water balloons.

e Chi~ese'-;:irug a.gents ()n6i~coIifiscated$2miUiorfw6fth-Cif1feroin-thathad been" wrappediin plastic and inserted into live goldfish. The agents seized the drugs as they were being se~tout of the country.

a; to distribute widely. b. to take possession of. c. to overlook.

3 constitute 'e' In my.opinion, a good movie, a pizza, and animated conver;ation constitute a

"(kon'iti-toot)' ... '. -petfect't1:ightout. '

-verb

_ Constitute means .1

\ . . .

4 decipher (di ~sI' f~!) ... -verb

_ Decipher means

5 default (dr~fOlt') .. ~veib-

_ Default means

I .\.

6 hypothetlcal ." (hi 'pcHhet't~k~l) -adjective .

_ Hypothetical means fiO

. '. Twelve business and professional people constitute the board of directors of the local women's shelter. Among other things, they help raise funds for the shelter.

a. to repeat.

b. to oppose.

\ . c.' to form.

- 1 _\T \. ' \ ~ _, i <..:_ . ,

• Why do contracts ha~e louse langllage that's so difficult to decipher?

1'<·.. r: "'

s.On oneof ~ol1Y·$¢~s.~ys,._l:t~r.~!J:gli~?-~ea~her wrote,"~lease.tY~7 r~~r ~apers.

I can't decipher your handwriting," I ! ,', '. "

a:j to figure out. b. to find. c. to improve.

• We won our case against the (appliance" repairman because he defaulted by failing. to.appear.in .. court.

______ :__ _. I.._ '_ :.:', !_l ,"" . _.

i' Jay's niothers31d~'4'I'llco:;sigil 'orryour car loan, but you have-to make every

payment~'If~u,default"itwi11hurt,.m.y credit rating,"

a. to actasexpected. . \K\riot todo something'r~quired(" c. -to begin;

. . .,( ,",

• Imagine the hypothetleal situation of going to live alone on an island. Which .' books ana Cb~ would r~u, take along?

..• Law schools hold . pretendcourt s_essiQ%lswith1typ()tll~t.i.(!~I .. cfls~s 50 that

students can practice their skills. . ...

a. sure to happen.

b. dangerous.

c. imaginary.

" .

le

)y ld

-ae
!n
gs
! a ¥1
he
'f. 1"8.

by

~fy

1.

lch

::I8t

~. 7 nominal (nom' e-nol) -adjective

___ Nominal means

8 predomlnant : (prl-dom '~-nQnt) -adjective

___ Predominant means

9 prerequisite (pre-rek 'WI-zIt) -noun

___ Prerequisite m~ans , l ' i'j:i" 10 recession' (rl-sesh 'en)

-noun

_ Recession means

r--

c::

Chapter 9 51

• Except for a nominal registration fee, the camp for needy children is entirely free.

• Professor Banks gave us only nominal extra credit for participating in psychology experiments. She wanted QUf course grade to be based mainly on our test scores.

a. enormous.

b. very little.

c. helpful.

J " ,I

(' . . . , ,.

, • Rock is the predominant music in our dorm.ibut country musicIs also popular.

• Although the. predominant type of car in New York City in 1900 used gasoline, a third of the cars ranon electricity.

a. rare.

b' .

\ .imam.

c. temporary.

• You can't take Spanish Literature I unless you've taken the prerequisite, Spanish III.

• Being allergic to cigarette smoke, Kathy told Joel that his quitting smoking was a prerequisite for their marrying;

, ...... \ .

a. a requirement. b. a penalty. c. 'a method.

. • While seashore businesses in the North suffer a recession in the winter, they .

do very well from spring to fall. ' , ' . \i' \ ( i i V

• The department store<f~d off twenty workers during the recession, but it rehired them when business improved.

a. a rapid growth. b. a sale. c .. an economic setback.

J" , .,.' , "

~ ~ \ .

Matching Words with Definition«

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The. j

sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word._.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10.

To make up; be the parts of

To fail to do something required Most common or most noticeable Something required beforeha~d .. ,

1',,'/

;

.. ' ;,

r ., (. l I 1"\ I I; "

..

To seize with authority; legally take possession of

To interpret or read (something confusing or hard to make out) Slight; very small compared with what might be expected Happening or existing at the same time; simultaneous

A temporary decline in business

~ l r

Supposed for the sake of argument or examination; imaginary; theoretical

(" (,

CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don '( need to check the definitions at all.

52 Chapter 9

):> Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.

" .',. : .'~ . ..

c;'c~riSJi~(t,t~~~;(":'\i>deClph~'r' . . e; default .. . h.: pr.edq.mh')~o,,,;,, .i.'; prerequisite. J. recesslon

," :'~::'+ " -~.~~:;":' -

a. cont,(ltr~n{ f. hypothetical

b. confl.~:p.~t,~, g. nql,nillal .

1. Anger was the _ emotion among voters when they first heard that 'their

'-laxe'S~ouid'-be''1'aised -again, .

2. Although the two robberies were _'-both occurred at midnight on

Friday-c-one man had planned them both.

3 .. Oii~li~ridi'edsefilit01'S'-and 435-rrrembers of the House of Representatives ..

.. .. .. '. :)~th'e-United States Congress. '. .

. -. -.-.-- .. ---_.-.-'--~ .. -_-_- "+---_--_--_- - ... -:: ·-4;·_A-----··--·for·talciilg- the·driver-'s-road- test is passing. a cwriUen-testonjhe_

clrivJl1g laws. . .,. .\'

. . ., ~

- .~.--_ .. _._ •... _._ •. - -.0" .•. ., •.. "_

. .:.

?_..._,_ ...

5. Theio"v',i1i libJ&rychatges.CirtlY a _. t:in~ for late books buta higher fine' .

for late videotapes. .. .- --:

_--.:.,.,\_; .. _,..;...........;;, .. ,..:,.,,.,,.,' """="'~ ... ""' .. ...,..=-:-:' ·6. Karim has such terrible handwriting that his wifecouldn't __ his message .. - - --saying--she should meet him at the restaurant. --

7. When the shoe factory dosed, our little town went into a _ because the laid-off workers had no money to spend at local businesses.

8; The phone-company refused- to' install- a.phone. in Glen's new. apartment .

because he had _(e)d on several of his previ~l1sl bills. " ..

___ -'-- __ __;_ '9. When Justin was convicted of. his third 'reckless-driving 'charge .in-six

months, tlte court_Ce)dbis driver's license. ,.,' '. ~

_______ ...:;. .. __ 10. To teach young children safety, manyparents explain what to do in _ situations, such as if a stranger asks them to go fora, ride.

NOTE.: l'oIQW_9heck youxans.we.rs. to these questions by turning to page 178. Going over the answers carefully will help

you prepare for the next two practices, f6r 'which answers are not given. . . c __ --.- .-.. • - •• - - •

- .

/

» Sentence Check 2

Using the answer lines provided-complete-each.item.helow. with two words fror. the box. Use each word

once. '-. .. . .-.---- .. - -...-- .. -,. . -.-... :.--.- -.... . .. lll .1 • ' .

.,--_.....;__-'--~____ 1.:...2. This summer, l~cal chi1dr~n can sign up fOl;·artormus·iclessoriS""for.a_ fe~of $3. It's impossible to take both, though, since the classes will be

( ..... ~ .. ;', ,t- \ \.

_ .

I·

3-4. Although cancer and hea~t disease·_._ .. the-leading threats to life in the' United States, car accidentsaretheLa, cause of death.for teenagers.

"/

ch

reir
on
ves
, the
ine
uge
the
I
lent _' [
six" ord

I be

the

Chapter 9 53

__ ;-- --"'_-- :5-6: "It seems as ifadegree in accounting is. a _ for understanding our tax

laws," said Ken. "How else could anyone _ the tax codes?"

7-8. The small print on the Bryants' mortgage stated that if they should _ on payments, the bank had the right to _ their house.

_..:-\(_,-;-.,....-_I_, 9-10. When Ms. Howe was interviewed for the job of store manager, the

regional manager asked her a question about a _ situation. "Imagine that our business !s in a _," he said. "What would you do toenhance? sales?"

,l

>: Final Chech: Money Problems

Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once.

"My car has been stolen!" My neighbor, Martha, ran into my house crying and angry. "I saw

,- ,

them lake it!"

I called the police for her, and she told, an officer the license number and car model. "The,

(1) I color of the car is brown," she added. "but it has a black roof. I had it

parked in the lot adjacent? to the beauty shop lawn. I saw two men tow it away."

I

"yoti saw them tow it?" the officer asked. "Have you (2) (:: (e)d on your

car loan?"

"What do you mean?" Martha asked.

"If you haven't been making your payments, the bank or dealer has the right to

(3)\ \ \ the car."

Martha admitted that she hadn't made any payments for three months. Later she told me she'd gotten notices in the mail but threw them away because their language was too complicated to

(4) chI ( . r 'i " • She also said she was having money problems. (5) " ,

with the car loan. was a big home improvement loan. She also had five credit-card bills and regular

', '\",,\C ", i . ,.,1 ',C

living expenses 10 pay; To top it all off, the city was suffering from a (6) ,

so her income was down, something her laid-off employees could certainly attest? to.: She was

about $12,000 in debt. , , :II

At my suggestion, Martha visited a debt counselor who helped her develop a comprehensive'? plan to pay her bills. The.only (7), ('\ '. I, ' ft"s for this free service were a regular job and a willingness to pay one's debts in full .. The counselor and Martha planned what would (8) ! , • a reasonable budget, based on Martha's income and expenses. They then wrote to the companies she owed to arrange to pay a (9) amount each month until the whole debt was paid. They also discussed what she would do in several (10) II \ ! • I , \ \. situations, such as if her refrigerator died or her income changed.

,.

Now, Martha is getting back on her feet again-in more ways than one, since she _never got the

car back.

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

- ~ -

····1···-·.

i

~ r

.: .

II

.J ....

;~-.

.r

CHAPTER

10

". .. ): .. ~ .~ ..

~a~ctu.ary

. ·:scrutilJ.Y~/·. sinister. .:. ··s·Office~i~~.~~;~·''" ..

. , ···.:~Ytiloerabi·e;, .~

:. .... . ., ".'. ~:.,,"--":-- .. ;.. , ~

"' ... Ten Words in Context

. .

In the space provided, write the letter-of-tbe-meaniag-closest .w·.that.of . each . .holdfaced. word. Use the contextof the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning.

- .

1 degenerate \ \ ... "'Tdr~jei1"r~r~at')" .

-verb

_: Degenerate means

, .

... 2 'implausible

(Im-plo! zc-bol) -adj¢ct!IJC!

_ Implausible means

3 incoherent (111 'k6-hlr'~nt) -adjective

_ Incoherent means

4 intercede . (Iu'tar-sed" ) -verb

_ lIiterce4emeans

5 intricate . (In/trl-klt) -adjective

Jlltricatemeans

6 sanctuary (sangk ' chOo-er' e) -noun

_ Sanctuary means

54

• Mr. Freedman's family was called tothe nursing home when the old man's '. 'cbndition begantodegenerate. It-was-feared he didn't have long to live,

• Mel's relutionship with his parents degenerated when he dropped out of . ~s~l1Qol.ag_a.~tl~!.!!!~~r _:'.':~~~~s, aIl~~ec~lUe a, b ~~~~~~r.,i

'. "' .. :j ....

a. to improve. b. to.remainrhe same. C_c; to worsen ..

• As implausible as it may .sound; Southern Floridasometimes g9.~S get snow .

• Insurancecompanies hear such Implauslble excuses for auto accidents as "1 hit the telephol1ej:!ol~ when I was blinded by the lights of a flying saucer."

~\Unbelievable.:""'· . -, b..acceptable; '. -- .. _. ' ..... ··c:valtiable.

• 'If Mitch drinks muchmore, he~li become completely incoherent. He's already. having trouble expressing his thoughts clearly.

• My sister talks alot in her sleep, but. she's so incoherent then that we can neverfigure ou] what she's saying. '

.' b. unclear,

c . .inconvenient,

'-.\ '

G When the principal said Harry couldn't play in Friday's football game. the coach interceded, hoping to change the.p~in~ff.J\rs mind.

• Inez'sparents refused to come to her wedding until her brother interceded and "petsu,aded them tpcome after all.

,. '. _.

a. to give into someone. Jb .. to.pleadforsomeone. c.to examineclosely,

• War and Peace is a long, intricate novei that ~e.ayes Itogether the detailed life

stories of many individuals. ... \ .,,, , . I

• It's amazing to see the intricate gold and silver jewelry that ancient Indians made with only simple tools. It obviouslyrequired great patience and skill to

create' such complex'ornaments. . '.. . ..

a. sim'ple.. c,~b.."uninteres.tin,g. ;~5': complicated.

I

t ._.

i: ...

• Old, unused trains in Grand Central Station serve as a nighttime sanctuary for ; some of New York City's homeless.

;

• When the housefulof children becomes too noisy, Ned finds the.laundry room' "

to-beasanctuary, a place where he C anre ad in quiet. ,'.

a, a reminder. b. a shelter, c. a challenge.

/

. - -----.-__.~---' .. --' . ,... ..

-;

he

i's

of

"I

"dy

i I

.. ,

I

can

the, I
and
~1y.
. . life
lians
ill to y for

'corn

7 scrutiny c. (skroot ' an -e) -nmm

_ Scrutiny means

8 sinister r

, '\

(sfn 'Js-t~r)

-adjective

_ Sinister means

9 suffice \ (so-fis ') -verb

I

_ Suffice means

,

I. I

10 vulnerable \ (viil "nor-a-bel) -adjective

. _ Vulnerable means

t :

Chapter 10 55

• Store security guards give careful scrutiny to people carrying large bags, since the bags may be used for shoplifting.

\ I,

• Before being published, a book comes under the scrutiny of a proofreader, who examines it for grammar and spelling errors.

a. attention. b. protection.

c. pe~mission.

t :

• In the movie, a mad .scientist thought up the sinister scheme of releasing a deadly virus. His evil plot failed when he died from the virus himself.

• The creepy novel The Boys from Brazil tells of n sinister plot to clone dozens of copies of Adolf Hitler who would theri take over the world.

a. illogical. b. evil. c. inconsiderate.

. A \

o The amount of research you've done may suffice for a high-school term paper, but not for a college one.

, .. I forgot to,ibuy something for lunch tomorrow, but the leftover meatloaf :vill

suffice.:,) .

k

a. to be w,asted. h. to be adequate. c. to be examined.

,.e',I, I : '( . :\' ,()

'-Homes in. heavily wooded areas are especially vulnerable to termites. !

• Because they tend to ha~e\brittl~ bones, the elderly are vulnerable to fractl~l'es. j

a. open.

h. safe.

c. attracted.

Matching Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word.

I.
2.
3.
4. i
5 . r .
6. , )
7.
8.
9.
10. Having many parts arranged in a complicated way; complex

To be good enough

To worsen; deteriorate

A place of safety, protection, or relief

To make a request o/ple~d on behalf or someone else . Op~n. to d.~p.a~e: or attack; susceptible

Difficult to believe; unlikely

Evil; wicked

, .. !

Close inspection; careful examination Unable to speak in an orderly, logical way

CA UTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are COrrect. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually 10 know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions at all.

56

Chapter 10

,

, . ,

>- Sentence Check 1

. "

I ,

Using the answer line provided, complete' each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each

word Once, .

1. Ken's cartoons _ for the school newspaper, but they wouldn't begood .

, ··:mronghforthe'cit:r"papers. . . .

2 .. TheJoker's name is misle<:Qin& for he's a(n) _. _ .. man who takes pleasure

in doing evil· 'i .; . . .... . '" ....___

.. _._ .. __ -"_-"__;",,,,,-,,_ ............ "-) 'I_"-~(_"--_"_' __ '-,.l_- :3 .-peoi:ife-wi1.6]r~e 'hf"big.cliieS'are-more-_· _ t6, m~~s tnaiiare residents

of small towns: . "" .. .-

-\ . ~ ~c' _--.- , .. , ..•. ;~._~ ." .. -~;.' .. ~ •. _,._;..:_ ..

-- - _ .. -- ... ..~;~;;;:;"" ... ~\"._ "-~ "~4."Th(fleaves.oijtStd{nhe" Window--cr.ea:ted . o(n) _ .. ::.....:....:.. -lacy.-sha:oowQrCmy-

bedroom. wall ... -

!j

!

5. Although'itseems:_' ,_., • the seemingly dead desert reaUy does blossomafter

a rainstorm, -, . .,.. .

. - -- _.. ' . ~f~r~iiaf~~~~h~;b~!i!~;.~t 9~1!~~~l!Oll~~tl.1~ir ,hom~as _~" .. _......Ill~y .. _face

"~-~~' 7tther.wassoUpsetthat he was .. _. It-wasn't until he calmed down

./ v that I und.er~t,;,,=,d(hf'\ ~~1_ been fired. .

....... =~ .bagsat.airpOl;ts .receivethe ~"_o.f.s'e..curity officers .watching fer

drugs or explosives,' .

il-

l i ,.

, ,

;1

"1

i

, ! ·,j.i

1 j,

...

\.J2;~~'~'---~ 9. When.I donithave,<;ompariY"my,a~ment~terids'to _._ ... .into ajumbleof ~,::.~pe:rs, clothes, and school supplies,

10. ~hen ad informed my little sister that she had to be horne from her date 0. 1 r than ten o'clock, Mom _(e)d and gave her a midnight curfew.

~ . .

! .

NQr§: .. ~<:l,?>, .. ~~l;:ck your answers to these questions by iurnlng to page 178. Going over the answers carefully will help

you prepare for Ihenex.ttwo pructfCes, for wl1ichansw~i'i; are-nQtj;iveii: --- - ...... -~ . ... . .-... ..... ..

'I

i ,~-- ..

>- Sentence Check 2

"

Using the answer lines 'provided, qQmplet(;l each item below with two words from the box. Use <'?"'}' '{Iord

once.

_________ .. _. ·····1-2;Bircis· feel~ t()'attaC'kWhert"they-are'tJ'Utiwthe"OpelI>Wher~bb~ arse To attract th~t . our bird. feeder, put ~t nearR._ of thickly

.. - .. ~- gro In,p' trp,:l.~ anrl1arg ushes _. . . ...,

, .

3-4. To get i~to the. p~y, Mitch made'up~~lie~a(n) _' ., . story -about havlng-Iest-our-invitationsin a-fire. However, the unlikely tale.did __ not _ to get us in.

I:

j.-

"

h

,d
,re
its
ny
'ter
ice
wn
. I
for I
~ of
:lat~ ,lord I
Ibery I
,
ickly {
,
story /
e did, I
I ;--

, .

Chapter 10 57

5-6. When a complicated musical piece is played by tI talented orchestra, audiences can appreciate the _ Struc.t111'e. But when poor musicians try

,. the niece.jt _s into, nothing more than noise.

~~f;7_8. 'As' he left the' bank. the robber shot and~n' elderly man on mere impulse. Shocked by the _ act, thebank clerk was ,at first_, However, after calming d.own, ~ble to ele.arly,tell the police about the robbery and the tota1ll~~itraryJhooti~g .

... ' -

__________ 9-10. The childr 'eager of the carefully arranged candies and cookies

brought curtO warning from their mother: "Look, but don't touch!" Howeve their grandmother _(e)d and convinced her that it would be a ne ity. to give all the .goodiea to company and none to the children.

'I:

7

>- Final Check.' The New French Employee

Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once.

One summer, Nan worked in a factory with an employee who had recently arrived from France,' a soft-spoken young man named Jean-Louis, He spoke little English, but Nan's basic

French ('1) , (e)d fc?l.~impie conversations and helpful translations.

However, one day when she was called to the~reman'i'nffice, she wished she knew no French at all. FBI agents were there with Jean-Louis. Arter explaining that Jean-Louis may have

been more (2) thanthe innocent young man he appeared to be. the ' ,

foreman left her there to translate for the agents. The agents said Jean-Louis had been on the run

after committing several jewel thefts in France. Nan struggled to translate, their questions, which

were often too (3) \ (\ ' I \',. f~ ?wJ~~~ . ."ocabulary. At times. she became so nervous that she was nearly (4) I') ,', ,Q-,l:j't1?,;When Jean-Louis finally deciphered"

\

what Nan was saying, he said the police waretiiUliiiiiiil&~)him. He claimed he was being ~

~iS no-good twin brother, w~o was responsible tor toe rObberies. the a~gry FBI agents found

r- /. lean-Louis's story (5),' ,:. \ T.hejc<;>nversation soon (6) "~ ,\,' (e)d

- r;rtc; a shouting match, with evJryone 'eliirigfY poorNan. When her boss heard the racket, he

(7) " i , (e)d, IIp eased ~agents, and got them to excuse her. ::)

Nan then went to the ladies' room, a (8) ".,,', , from thgOf an

the shouting. After the agents left with Jean-Louis, she was calm enough to go back to work.

But she felt (9) for days as sge wondered if she was under th~

(10) of jewel thieves who might blame her for Jean-Louis's arrest

~, !

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

CHAPTER

11

, ··91.oat·:

.. . 'immaculate .. ' .:,. '.:: ····';·.'Pl@giarism· .

'~.' .-.,'.'. · .: ;.~~:-·<.:qu:al·m·::·: :.y<~ "<-', -

.. retaliate.

1:-

,

Ten Words in Context :"

In . the space provided, write-tne-detter-ef -ehe-meaelng-clesest-tc-that.cf e each -boldiacedword .. Use the .. contextofthe sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning.

, '. --- - - - . _. ..' .... , - ,. "_'" -"_ , .... -.~ . .

1 blatant (Gfa'i;;)ilt) -adiective

?blight (bIlt)

-noun

_ Blight means

3 contrive _ (ken 'triv) -verb

_ Contrive means

r:

4 garble

, (gar+lr;}l)

-verb

5 g1:l.~mt_ (gont) -adjective

Gaunt menns+:

6 gloat (g16t) -verb

.... '"' '.., .: •• -. ", _.~ ":-"', •• ;" • _.J "" -. _ :.,"": .... L- • I_:'"

.... - _Gl0.4tmenus.

58

• Scott's smoking is blatant. Not oniyctoes he light up everywhere, but his ... '--'---'C1oUiefsmelrofSm6ke,aliQ his finger's -rue-staim~d whtr ntcotine.:

. ' ~-. '.

• The company's disregard of the environment is blatant. It makes no effort to

. -strippol1U1iM'J~Q~§U~L\'.I.~te[S_Yf.Wiga.,r~g~._ _~> __ ~_: i, . "- .

I a.unmi~ta~a~le. '.' b. scrambled. c. notnoticeable, '" ' ...

.. o Nothinghas hurt our country '~~rethan the blight of drugs.

• There are two ways of looking at TV: as a blight that dulls' the mind or as a valuable source of information.

'---' " , __ .. _--._. __ . . .- _._ __ .. _._... ./" ./. --- ----- -.---: .. -. .. -.-_.

a. somethingthat assists.vb. something very obvious. c. something that harms.

• My elght-year-old son could write a book titled 101 Ways 1 Have Contrived to Stay Up Past My Bedtime.

' .: Ji~ihas to contrive a way to get a day-off frorrrworkfcr 'her friend's wedding . .. She'salreadyused up her va..catio.~ t~lll~~.

a. to think up. b. to mix up .:

. - .

. c. -to avoid.

. , , .

• The typesetter accidentally garbled the newspaper story, giving the reader only a mixed-up article.

.' The company had garbled the bike's assembly instructions so badly that we were constantly conflisedah6ut whi.ch step todonext.' ... ,

a. to read.: - . -b. to lose. -( c.) to jumble.

' ') ..

• Abraham Lincoln's beard made his gaunt face look fuller,

• Sharon's eating disorder, called anorexia nervosa, has made her so gaunt that she looks like .a walking skeleton.

I

r --

- ... -- -- ·~··b. 'Wide.

. :::C. -confused,

e. The coat'hllJltl"his "team;' H-'Fhere!s'-only "im!.">~{:Wng -we.r§~4han..a .. s()re:~los~~,_-~Jl~

that's a~e~n ~!~J1er. Don'tgloat,". . ... .

• Neil's Sister iiw'ays tattles on him and then gloats when he's punished, saying,

"I told you so." . ,I, ., __ " ._ .

a. . to II:p~l~g~~e fI1l1y._ I b.' to be.o~e~ly~elf~satisfied. c. to pay back .

\

)

a

t

:,-

!l'

'e

at

lel

g,

I

I

I I t

7 immaculate (I-mill<.' yc-Iit) -adjective

_ Immaculate means

8 plagiarism (pla! je- rlz 'am) -noun

)\

_ Plagiarism means

9 qualm (kwom) -noun

I,

'\ t .'

..._.'.

_ Qualm means I

. I .

1 0 retallate

j (rf -tal' Coat ') -verb

-

_ Retaliate means ,

Chapter 11 59

* It's amazing that while Carolyn always appears immaculate, her apartment often seems very dirty.

• Don't expect a child to come home from a birthday party with Immaculate clothing, Children usually manage to get as much birthday cake on their clothing as in their mouths.

a, uncomfortable. b. spotless. c. soiled.

e When the author saw a movie with the same plot as one of her novels, she stieg'

for plagiarism. c,,

• The teacher warned her students that using an author's exact words as one's own is plagiarism.

a. creativity. b. the stealing of ideas. c. planning,

• Larry is so honest that he has qualms about telling "little white lies." For instance, it bothers him to say he likes a friend's new haircut when he really doesn't.

• After hiding Lori's bike as an April Fool's joke.T began to have qualms. What if she thought it was stolen and called the police?

a, a guilty feeling;

b. a proud memory.

c. a clever plan.

• When I broke my sister's stereo, she retaliated by cutting the cord of my Sony Walkman earphones.

• When Ron refused to pay his little sister for washing his car, she retaliated by washing it again-with its windows open.

a. to' forgive. (, b. to take revenge. c. to confuse.

(,I,

01•

Matching Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentence's above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word.

1.
2.
3.
4.
~.
6.
7.
8.
9. , l
10. An uneasy feeling about how right or proper a particular action is To mix up or confuse (as a story or message); scramble

I .

To feel or express delightor self-satisfaction, ofteriI;J:Jit~fj.l1Iy

i' \ i ~.- .' . -- .. _" - ~,' ---

Something that weakens, damages, or destroys

, I

'" 1

( ,

Using someone else's writings or ideas as one's own

To plan cleverly; think up

To return an injury for an injury; pay back Very Qb.yious, often offensively so

\ i . r:

Perfectly clean

Thin and bony

. r-: J, \.'

CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goa] is eventually 10 know the words well enough so that you don't need

to check the definitions at all. . " ..

60 Chapter 11

>- Sentence Check 1

Using the answer-lineprovided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.

. .: . .' .. ~:~.' ~". e .. {g~~P.t :., ;'., .' l- retaliate

... . .. :: .

... j

1

. t;L...c.\ -------- 1, A(n) _"'house may be a sign that someone' has nothing better to dothan clean.

,. ~_. ., 2 .. Child,~~ is anaWfl,ll_'ori:the physical and mental health of our youth .

.. / ... . d\~~ ... -.-' ".

': .. V.· = ........-- .. -. .3,.MY.mm~ r,~.<JQ .. ckiy_l?_.Mx~~.Elsoh tobingo because he _8 so much

when he wins, which is often, .. · .. ·- - ~""- - -

- - ... .. ::V_·__,\'---_~ .... ~ ...... ~ ...... "..,. ..... __

"v ."\ /' ".\

. . .\./___,;c.:...(~\l_ .. \-_\~_--

.- .. ._ ..... - .. -- ---~.

v : :

4. The F's and D's on my brother's report card are _ evidence of how little

- he has -s"ti.idiea- this lerro.' ., --.-- .. - .. ~ - - - _-0' ,- - -- -

5. Emilio still b,opeste",-,-a,\vay ip get Rita to go out with him, even though

she'srefused him four times. . .. .

.. I

'1 !-

6. When my friend Jamee left a message with my little brother, inviting me to .-go.to:the.mall,b,e_(e),gjt.·§9:P.~Q.ly' that_the message I got was: "Jamee

wantsyou to go play ball." - . ..-- ..... -... .

7, Every time the Hatfields harmed tbe McCoys, the McCoys would_, so the f~w.eQt on for years .

. ; . ~"~' I .

~ .. "___.-. -. .'-

8, Rescued afterbemgjost.at.sea.for .. nine.days, the men were terribly _. ,

. but they put on weight rapidly. '- " j .' . ''1 . ...

9. My~~ents say it is i~~li~h:tQgiv~ar.tLCh;~. to.~nhindlers,but I

always feel a,..::::_ when I walk by them and give nothing. .._" . i

_,.._ 1O. Mark Twain joked that charges of_ were ridiculous because no one can be

completely original. He wrote, "W~~0rt~1§ ca~\create-we can only copy."

I

I.

NQTE:.N()w.c11.eck youranswers to these questions by turning to page 178. Going over the answers carefully will help you prepare for the next two practices, for which arisw~r!»ltei1otgiven;·.

Ii

I I

Ii

1

,"j

>- Sentence Check 2

Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word

'. _. !;!--.......... ...-~ .' ..-..... ~'I -. \ -'

-..+ __.;.. _··'1-2. The living·rooiifl66'ke11. ..•.... ··''except'f«·~n<:l!ilf.'4he~e,t,..,a(n} -~

V'" sign t~~t l'\lY sol} had. taken a ~~rtc;:~in cleaning up. .

. . V3_4. After tlie~ .struck him, J~l,eS wanted to _. .b~_ thr0~~~g a rock, b.~t ... , ... , i

__ ~~_""""'_"':"'--4l"c.L~... ._.~~~~~ __ ~out doing anything so dangerous. . f

._-. __ ... -- ... ~

"

.ch

ian
tho
rch
ttle
.Igh: I
I
~ to I
nee
. so I
__/
_, I
ttl I
I be
':/." but

' .

• _ ." " ••• 'L~"'- , ............ """, . .,.,.;00 ..... ..- ........ ,..... . .

Chapter 11 61

5-6. The little girl was so _ after her illness that her parents carefully _(e)d fat~Jling_ meals that were sure tQJIDlU.'!f': hP.T appetite.

- . ,

....

7-8. ''At least I know you aren't guilty of _," said my teacher. "Nobody else would have _(e)d the report so badly that it's impossible to

follow." .

_________ /_ 9-10. Willie is ~ _ on our school. Not only does IW start fights with opposing players on the basketball court, he- also _s after he's .benched, as if he's proud of c .. such rmoil In fact, although he's

a great player, the coac . pondering eking him off the team.

(__ '-. i

>-Final Check: A ~~eacher ~_,

Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at .the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once.

It has bee(~~~t~)tears since .. i _was_in_Mr~_Brill~uenth"grade ;biol~ss,~buLLiliU ~g~t

i ~or~---' /

~~~'.!"-H1!1).l<ing about i~:.Mr. Brill was a tall, (1) man wh~b1ed the

skeleton at the back of the room. Hi&.m~nness.was.(2) \ . For his most

. ~~, -~~'" '

....

difficult questions, he would call. on. the' _~hyest'kids, those. most vulnerable" ~9 ,r-~.~,nfiL?f

embarrassment. And when they nervously (3)_ > ' ~le)d ineir answers,

he would (4) .. t> \ ..... \,?' if th~poor performance -'ere"a personal victory for him. The.discomfort of some of his victims was almoSk.tan9;iblf·O\ nearly as solid as the wooden pointer whi_c~, h; sometime~IyUdl~ sl~ed ~cross his .deSk just to shock u~. He seemed ,to

(5)~ , ~__ _::_htua~iIons Just to ke us misereble.For example, If our.fingernails

were not (6). '. . , . were sent out .of class. As if we needed clean hands to

.. dissect a frog! One time I worke~ ~ely hard ana pap.er for class, but he.~p.rI me n+; ,

I( (7)\ . . HYs"aid I must have copied it because I was too dumb "to write

.~ Lanything that ~Qod. Without u (8) '\be gave me an p, which ruined mx

average and deI1l9r~1ize.do~efor the rest ~.f the year, All of us students.would imagine ways t4 get

. . '.. \ \ '

even witl him, ~L1t wt: were to~ afraid to (9) \ . . Why a teacher likethat

was allowed to continue teaching was an~igma.1 t? us, one I still have not (Q.&pre9_Q!J1"ln all the

, J

...... c.

years since, I've neyer met a person who "Was 'such a (10).-------+V--:::o)Jn·lh~ teaching

profession.

Scores . 'Sentence Ch~ck2· % .. ~Final Check %

Enter your scores above lind in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover at" the book.

CHAPTER

! r..:=::: i

12

.... ··,·f.otc ·:fort.·

.. ;.'. ~.;;~ei~~ifj~~:

•• c ..,~ward, ..

Ten Word Parts in Context

Figure out the meanings of the following ten word paitfbfldt)1cing'elQsetY"and'ca:rejitl(y-aNhe~oontext in . which they appear. Then, in the spaceprovided, wl:ite the letter of the meaningclosest to that 0[' each word,

part. . . .

-----~-- ----

• Teachersofienfind itdifficulrtotnotlvate-students to learn eagerly .... -

. • The TV history .series fascinated viewers with such details as a

- -- -- .. ,.-.- ... - .. ·-·-----~-·_:~~-----._geven teeIlth .. centlil'Y~E.rtgli~lhcliH~r~1:! '_5_.M~2~t~1_that gave each child

two gallons of beer per week. ----------.-.---- ..... - ... - ... - - .. ~

\_... . •..... ... -

a'. jtause- to become.

\

-,

b. call.

c. end,

_ Tile word part -ate means

Z'bio-

3 claim, clam

• Helen Keller wrote a touching autobiography titled The Story of

_____ My Life.

• Biology is the science of 4\,~~g ihlngs,:bothplariFand-aniITial.

· ..benel. -: . . ... c. partly.

• In 2001, American theater Jritics acclaimed The Producers. which won twelvff1bhyawards;'as thebesrmusioal-of the year.

'. The . exclamation .. p()intemphasizes . passionate; sudden, and surprised outcries, such as "Aha!" and 'That hurts!"

C a{ try out. b. father. c. partly.

_ The word part bio- means

_ The word part claim or clam means

4 fin

• The final word in many prayers is amen, which means "May it be

so."

• '~Oooo;ooohl Ao.aaaiwah/" the crowd 'exclaimed, enjoying the spectacular five-minute .. finale- that .closed the Fourth of July fireworks display,

_ The word pmtfln means

a. strong.

b. toward.

(c.ei'ld. \ ,

-,

5 flex, fleet • Gymnasts must be extremely flexible 50 that they can bend their

. ···bodies -inte-many .positions. .

~ -Wh~~ th~y-e~t~~·· church, Catholi6s-genuhect~thatis; they- bend ............ _., ''{)ne·:knee,"'as·-a"f)i~n:0f.r<werence.

_ The word part flex or,flect means /, a.)bend. b. father, c. person.

\.

6 fore, fort

.. i -. The burglar forcibly entered the home by breaking the kitchen

window.·· .. , .. , ,_. -., , .. - . ---- :' .. ' '

. • Thechtldren made a high-wall-- of .pressed snow to (oJ;'tify themselves against a snowball attack by the kids across the street.

a. person. . b. direction of. i 0/ strong. ~_ i

_ The word partforc or fort means 62

- I: ,

5.
reir 6.
7.
md
8,
m, 9.
ten 10.
;ify
.g, in rd

y.

a ld

of

t.

.ch

I1d

f.

be

the :11y

f' !

.. , ........... _ ........... , • ._"'""'_f"o"'I..- __ ....... - ..

Chapter 12 63

7 hum

• "We have done all that is humanly possible to save your , grandmother's life," said the doctor.

• Aresident of the shelter for the homeless complained, "The treatment hereis hot humane. We w~nt to be treated like people, not objects."

a.' in the direction of. (k having to do with people, c. call. \

\

• Mike just became a father, so he is taking six months' paternity leave to help care for the, baby.

• Patriotism was so strong that soldiers willingly risked their lives to

defend their fatherland. \

_ The word part hum means

8 pater, patrl-

_ The word part pater or patrimeans

a. partly.

b. toward,

\ '.

,~. \ father.

"-.)

9 semi-

• My grandfather is onlysemlretired-e-heworks part-time-as a plumber.

• I use semisweet chocolate in my frosting to keep it from, being too

bitter or too sweet. <,

I I r

t 1

J

,

\",'

b. of living things,

c. toward.

_ The word part semi- means

a.xpartly,

• .Everyone at the fair looked skyward in horror as the colorful hot-air balloon exploded.

• The children tried ~alking to school backward but .gave up before

. even reaching the end\ of their block. '

a, call. ti, in the direction of. c. of living things.

<)

_ The word part -ward means

, Matching Word Parts with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten word parts. Clearly write or print each word part next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will h~lp you decide on the meaning of each word part.

f\ . r I
1. , \ ') .: Bend
2. (' ;' Partly: half
3. If' ) Life; of living things
)
I, /
4. fr,· Father , . Cause to become

\

. _. ,_, .-~-.-.__.---~ .

<.;

\

In the direction of; toward )

Call; cry out

\ !

( \ /'

, Strong I

Person; having to do with people'

:.-

.'

~\ 1 i'\

End \.

CA urION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices, Your goal is eventually to know the word parts well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions at all.

-._-J---. -. ---' ... ~' .... ,._

_. ····-r·----·--- -.-- .. - -._ ...

1 ••

','

64 Chapter 12

):> Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Use each word part once.

~""C;~;f.:fF::: .::<>.. . .:}':·.~?;;~jP~f:l~V

) .. :~s~rn!.~.': .: .. :).: .. ~~ard .'

./

.,.;...--,- .:..,......;.;.""'" .. ,l.<LittkJe.s~eJml(nY.{ex , .. erI) _ that his father wa~ the smartest man on

, the block.' . '. .

r; ---- -- _

_ __;__ ~__,..,'. 3. The jury found.the disturbedyoung man, whohadshothisreti:ier, guilty of

'.' ·C. ,. c{deJ_. _> ' .

... "---. --'''--'-'-4'-'A:ft~~-~'~~ld,~ raIny~~~6k~£d-ofcamping,the-Buy$coutswe~~l'eiievei~to-- ... . - head (home ... )_'

5. My mother was. sci (in .•. ible) _ that she never oncb:bentJhe rule and .let me stay out past curfew.

_--_-_'.i...{ -'-- __::.::...; ··6 •. 'Ihecandidate'sf ... _emf) .. _ ..... speech in favor of reduced ·milit~ry

. spending made a powerful impression on me.

7, Uncle Ken was ina ( .. ; private) _ room in the hospital. The other man in the room had also suffered a heart attack.

8. There: were' o'illy'iwc)" (-; 'Y';' alists) . ;..;.;.;.::--in -the-Iast .. session of the talent. contest, and both were country singers.

9. Bishop Desmond TUtu of South 'Africa received the Nobel· Peace Prize-for his ( ... anjt~r.ian) _ efforts to bring justice to his country's people.

_~ _ _;__ 10. In 1961, administrators of New York's Museum of Modern Art were

(humiU ... d) ~ to learn that for weeks a painting had been displayed

upside down e: ' .

I·

v.,

'.

2.A( ... rhythm)_--_"isany Cycle of periodicchanges in life. suchasdaily

changes in body t61nperatiire.- - .

NOTE: Now check youra'nswersto-ihese questions by turning to page 178, Going ~ver 'thetlnswers carefully willhelp

you prepare for the next two practices, for which answers are not given. .

>- Sentence Check .. 2·

Using the answer lines provided,compl~te- each italiCized word in the sentences below with the correct word partfromthe box. lJ~~ ea~'-wordl'art .. once,

I I

1-2. Llooked (down' .•• ) _ and watched the doctor tap my knee to see if its (re ... ) _ was normal.

3-4. My supervisor, Mr. Kane.js ( , .. naJ) _. He (e~ ... es) _ the rules ina: faih,erly.waY=ftiwybut kindly; In addition-mycoworkers are. all very amieble'vmaklng for a very friendlyatmosphere,

)f

;0

ld

ry

an

:ot

for

ere led

ard

.r its

ules e all

:l

y

;---

~,., ..

Chapter 12 65

5 -6. After the accident, my brother was ( . . . conscious) _ for several hours. ( . . . ally)_. around midnight. he became fully alert and mobileo enough to walk out of the hospital on his own. .'. .

7-8. When the teacher asked students to write ,a ( •.. graphy) _, she meant the life story of a ( ... an) _, But Harry wrote the 1ife story of Tarzan, his pet snake.

_---'I_· 9-10. In 1863. Abraham Lincoln issued a (pro: .•. ation) _ freeing the slaves.

But it would be almost one hundred years after his announcement before real efforts were made to (integr. •.• ) _ black people into society's

mainstream.

.(

>-- Final Check: It's Never Too Late

Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten word parts. First read the following selection carefully, Then complete each italicized word in the parentheses below with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word part goes in which blank.) Use each word part once.

I almost fell out of my chair last night when my father (pro ... eel) (1), _

"I quit my job today; I'm going to college." He realizes that people may think it eccentric" to start school. at his age, ·but he~s willing -to appear odd because he's tired of ~ : . . skilled)

(2) ~~.

Both of 01)' ( ... nal) (3)_-+ _.;._ grandparents died when Dad was a child, so

work in a factory. He wants a job that requires more skill and training. \

he and his brothers were forced to quit school early to work. Dad finished high school at night.

Now he will venture" working only part-time in order to (educ ... ) (4), \_-'---:- _

'i

; ,.

himself further. He still isn't sure what his major will be, but he has always liked science. He

definitely wants.to takea ( .... logy) (5), __ \l.,.,· ...... · ---. course because all living

things interest him. He'd like to focus his (ef ... s) (6) in a field that benefits ( ... anity) (7) \' \ '.' , such as physical therapy, where he could help rehabilitate" people with certain infirmities", He's also thinking about nurs.ing. Most men of his generation think of nursing as women's work, so Dad's interest in this field shows me he is more

( ... ible) (8)._~ in his thinking than I ever realized, Whatever his choice.

he is looking (jor ... ) (9) to classes with great zeal", I know that

when he ( , .. ishes) (10) his schooling, no one will be prouder of him

than I already am.

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

--------r---

UNIT TWO: Review

=

!he box at the right lists twenty-five words from Unit Two. Using the clues at the bottom of the page su

·-·--·mthesewordstocomplete-the puzzlethatfollows.L. .. -. .. '

attribute blatant calamity concurrent . contrive

c9nX~~~ls)Ual

. de~ip~~r

default

discern dispatch---------enigma fluctuate

gaunt immaculate impla~sible:- . intercede mobile

nominal

'. ponder qualm recession scrutiny sinister suffice turmoil

.i

ACROSS-

5. Perfectly clean .

6. Thin and bony

7.' Ail event bringing great loss and inisery

.. 8._A qualityorfeature of a person or thing

9 .. To, considerc~~eful1y

11. An uneasy feeling about howright or proper a particular action is

"'lK'C~sibmary; ordinary _22,._Tobe. good enough

23. A tel1lp()l't\ry-Jec"f(I~e in business

13;"'fo make-arequest'or plead on behalf of someone else

14. Close inspection; careful ... examination

15. To interpret or read (something confusing or hard .. to make out)

. '., -i15;Happening"ar.-e~dstin.g,at-th.e

same time; simultaneous

17. Complete confusion; uproar

19. To recognize; detect

20. To fail to do something, ..... required

21. Evil; wicked ' ..

.... ···Z4.Ariiystery:6fp.uzzle.

25. To send to a specific place or a specific business

DOWN

, J~:.\-[()£~an.c1~werly.; think up

2. To vary irregulai.-iY; togo up- .. and down or back 'aiidIoftll

3. Difficultto believe: unlikely

4. Very obvious, often offensively so

10. Slight; very small compared to what might be expected T2:-Moviiigol'able to irtOvcdrbhl place to place

66

i 1

11

on

rd

e

.r

. ,.~-. .

"'.

UNIT TWO: Test 1

=

PART A

Choose the word that best completes each item and write it in the space provided.

,

I

I ..

I

I

. '-

~~.

'.- ~

1. According to legend. vampires are _ creatures who cannot survive in daylight.

a. incoherent

b. immaculate

c. nocturnal

d. conventional

2. The counseling program to _ addicts includes job training.

a. rehabilitate b. contrive c. ponder d. exemplify

3. Unless figure skaters practice regularly. their skills will_.

a. retaliate b. degenerate c. confiscate d. decipher

4. It may sound _. but a camel can drink twenty-five gallons of water at a time .

a. implausible b. gaunt c. mobile d. nominal

5. Movie subtitles should be _ with the spoken words they are translating.

a. flagrant b. hypothetical c. incoherent d. concurrent

6. Even the most _ people have microscopic creatures clinging to their hair,

a. sinister

c. incoherent

d. intricate

h. immaculate

7. Measles remains a serious _ worldwide. killing over a million people each year.

a, blight b. plagiarism c. qualm d. prerequisite

8. The Peace Corps continues to _ American volunteers to live tint! work in developing nations.

a. discern h. garble c. dispatch d. default

9. The government student loan program is in serious trouble because many students _ on their payments,

H. suffice

b. attest

c. intercede

d. default

_____ ~ 1O. In a race across New Jersey in 1901, drivers traveling up to thirty miles an

hour were arrested for their _ disregard of the speed limit, which was eight miles an hour.

a, flagrant b. hypothetical c. conventional d. immaculate

(Continues on next page)

67

68 Unit Two: Test 1

f

!

L-

j~-

l

r

PARTB

On the answer line, write the letter of the choice that best completes each item.

__ 11. Conventional business clothing for a man includes

---"--~.- .. a~'BermuaiishortS-afta iCHaWaiianshirt.---·-h; - jeans and a sleeveless tank top.

·-c. a suit and tie. . .. -- .- -.- d.swimming trunks •.

__ 12. In order to attestto what it feclsJike .. to walk an the moon '.8 surfac:e,.1,\ person must .'.

----------a; havetead about anastronautwhodid it. b. have walkedtherehimself orh.er.~el..f~J::·' "

c. be a scientist who has studied the moon. d. have a good imagination.·' \t,ytf:'r:,

'. :_". '> ~~. ':'1

__ 13. A person who has 'losthisor her eyesight can become more mobile by ". -- -v.

a. learning to read Braille.~.. •.... _ _ b.l?~~9rpil1g_~~ressed and-refusirig~~o,:gq out.

c.l~!l:rn,ing~9 get around.wltha Seeing E.yec1og.d. Ust~ll:ing~() the:radio. . . "':\' .

... ---------;:----- -=.::= '14; Ausual-prerequislte to getting:adri~ef'slid~~se-is~- .-_ .. ---~--_ .. -

a. purchasing a car. ..' _ .. ":.::::.' , b. committing many traffic offenses ..

c.passing1ldrivi1;lgt~st .. ·.,,>..~. r~flls~ng to haveone'sphotograph taken.

-----:-~---- .-,~ •• -. -- ••• --- .• -------- •• ----.-- --_ •• _- ·'_C"T~· -~- -~----------~-~--~--- __ ~ _.~ •• __ ~ _._ •• _ ,_ ._ •••.• _. , ••• __ ._, , __ • __ •••. ~ c.

,

I i

. i

.--.~ .. , .. --, .... _-------_ .. _ .

__ 15. When her brother andsister argue, Rachel oftenIntercedes by'

a. JeaviQ~g-th¢hj)4s.e~·>:.·':; .. :.:: .;: bcoveringherears. .. .

c. igiioilng them both:' .~.::". '. " .' ~. heipirig~ach see tlie other's P?~~ t Of view.

';_._ L _

,

'i

!

__ 16. College students. who don'teat properly and don't get much sleep are vulnerable to ,

_ ·.a.goodhealth. ., . b.tbeit doctors, .. ... '"

- .. c. . dr"i vfngplace~~' --- .. _.-. --- ··---a~-illness. - --- ---.-----. '- .. - ... - -

17. The parrot garbled its words,' ._. . ..

a. making us all laugh at its mixed-up speech. b. amazing us by speaking so. clearly, '

c. embarrassing us with its dirty. words. '., ..... __ .d •... boring us. by r~p~.a,ting the s(j.~e few words.

__ 18. Which of the following constitutes a good breakfast? a; A'neighborhood diner

b. Orange juice and bran flakes with milk and bananas

c. Spaghetti with anchovy sauce

d. Customers at a pancake house

19. The tennis player's performance fluctuated during the tournament. It

a .. was magnificent one daY,llwful the.next, ~4 average the following clay. b. was consistently excellent. . - . " ..

c.fiegail Wellbfi~Went"$te~diJyclovvIlllilll:lllY!~~k.- - - .. ..---.----~ ....

d. started badly but became better every day.

__ 20. Wanting to gloat over her promotion at work, Kris .

. a. didn't mention it to anyone •.

b. worked harderthanever'tc -showthet-she-deserved-it. c+said to·a· coworket~'·<SortY/losei':;l'gofic:'- ..

d. became very ner-veus-.abGu.t.her.,new,.responsibilities.

" ... "~!': '.

Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the hook.

• ._.,_.~_~ ._. _T~ '". '

.s,

UNIT rvvO: Test 2· ..

PART A

Completeeach item with a word from the box. Use each word once.

'.'.<':;'O"< .. ~ ... : .. ' ••. e. exemplify j .. retaliate

1. The sinking of the ship Titanic, which struck an iceberg, was tl(n) _ in which nearly 1,600 people died.

2, People who can't read must _ themselves in a city by relating to familiar

places, not signs. "

3. "A hint to my daughter to take out the garbage won't _," Alonso . insisted. "She needs to be told to do it."

4. I don't know who sent me the birthday card because 1 couldn't _ the signature,

5. A shortage of a single product.. such as sugar, could cause a(n) _ in several industries.

6. Don't buy a used car unless you examine it closely and also have a mechanic give it careful_.

7, Although our library charges only a _ fee to use a computer, I don't think it should charge students any fee at all.

8, In some religions, gods and goddesses represent various human _s, such, as strength, beauty, and wisdom.

9. Through the years, people with _J about having cheated on their income taxes have sent gifts of money to the IRS.

__________ 10. The Romanian people _(e)d against their communist dictator, who had

ordered mass murders, by executing him. .

_________ 11. One of the odd~st _._ plots of all time was thought up by a wealthy Frenchman. He fed his victims rich foods until they died of overeating.

__________ 12. The thousands of oak leaves that covered the ground in a Scottish town in 1889 were a(n) _' The nearest oak. trees were eight miles away,

__________ 13. Lightning bolts, which travel at millions of miles an hour and produce five times the heat of the sun's surface, ~ nature's tremendous energy,

[Continues Oil next page)

69

70 Unit Two; Test 2

PARTB

Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write I if the word is used incorrectly.

........ _._ .. __ ._._ .. _.. __ 14. The turmoil of a smooth, clear lake always makes me feel at peace .

• --- • L • _ _ _ •• _. __ • __ • __ •• __ • ••• ',. ,._

1 S. A wo-ridei'fullYincoherent speaker, Abraham Lincoln was widely admired for- his powerful speeches . . ··-16 c: J~mes-B ondwasabout. to.step low_ his enem.Y" s ttap_w h~ti_'~~bea.t!tifufwoman;· a -formerenemy

who had fallen in love with him, pondered him to escape. . ... :;::::::.;.;:.---..- '- ,

'_. ,- ".

17, The Democratic and Republican parties are predominant in theUnited States, but other parties

are-also represented onthe ballots. .. . , .. ,: .. !

" ".

···---.·------.--=:1.8.Sh01;t1ih~(ote~hisJDithday, Bn1(:~ _ _qonl1·ived to get hisparents to walk past the toy store so that hecould P?int out the Nintendo.game displayed in the window-:---' .. - ... -----

•..... - ._ .• ....::_._: __ .. __ .-r- __ .-:-- ._ .. :.

. .. ,-"---~- .--- ..... ----- --~-==_-:-19;-·Eatll~yea~,~tl'lot.is~nds- of::Ameiicail~~who __ thinltlhet6S"cilY~~tQQ_gtltmt.l_1~~e some fat surgicall y

". ... . '. re_ll:1ov~cr-" -. • '.' . --- --~--------- .-. " --

,

·1

PARTe

..... -~On-the.JUlswyrlil)~,wiit~ th~l~!ter ~_f_~~~_Y"!J_~~ ~~t is thesymlllym oftM'p_(Mt?ce~ word.

Example: _c_nominal a. 'personal b. enormous c. slight ,,'
20. cnnilscate a.giv~ back b. sei:ll;:.· c. combine
21. enhance a. improve b.lead c. weaken
__ 22.; comprehensive a. limited b. broad c. irregular PARTD.

On theanswer line; Write the letter of the word that is the antonymof theboldfaced word .

Exanipl"e: "_Q_nofuinal

a.personal

.. . .. ... ---,-.-

. b. enOllUQUS

c. slight

__ 23. intricate

a. complicated ..

.b, musical

c. simple

__ 24. persevere

a.1ook

.. c .. .persi.st_,

25. blatant

. · ... - .. .h .. .obvious .

c. hidden

Enter your score above lind in the vocubulury pcrformuncc chart on the inside hack cover nflhc hunk .

. .. :,' .'·r

{

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-r

UNIT TWO: Test 3

1

, .

Each item below starts with a pair of words in CAPITAL LEITERS. For each item, figure out the relationship between these two words. Then decide which of the choices (a. b. c, or d) expresses a similar

relationship, Write the letter of your choice on the answer line, .

1. CALAMITY: SUFFERING :: a. magnet: repels

c. tragedy: sadness

2. PERSEVERE: QUIT :: a. open: shut

c. drink: thirsty

3. VENTURE: EXPLORER:: a. see: blind person

c. cow: milk

"

4. CONVENTIONAL: UNCOMMON :: a. conduct: experiment

c. owner: possesses

5. MOBILE: UNMOVING :: a. rapid: slow

c. excited: lively

6. ENIGMA: MYSTERIOUS :: a. baseball: bat

c. funny: serious

7. OWL: NOCTURNAL:: a. tiger: cat

c. day: night

8. DISCERN: LOOK :: a. hear: listen

c. cold: touch

9. DECIPHER: CODE :: a. surgeon: doctor

c. puzzle: piece

_ 10. CONFISCATE: SEIZE :: a. confuse: clarify

c. take: give

b. tragedy: joy d. table: chair

b. perspire: sweat d. continue: persist

b. teach : professor d. ocean: ship

b. thoughtful: considerate d. quiet: noisy

h. write: words d. wet: water

b. joke: funny

d. clue : detective

b. tiger: fierce d. child : adult

b. smell: taste d. ignore : see

b. untangle: knot d. evident: clear

b. cry: funeral

d. contribute: give

(Continues Oil next page)

71

72 Unit Two: Test 3

_ 110 HYPOTHETICAL: ACTUAL :: a. brave: cowardly

Co old: ancient

1--

±=

. b. scary: frightening d. problem: solve

··-==1-2.-DEFAULT--:LOAN:: a. : pass : course .

c. break .promise

. b.:. pay: salary d .. tax: income

.~-----" ..

_ 13.- INTRICATE- :.COMPLEX::

a, difficult':" simple

Co Circular: round

-r, ,_-:.,I-/.

- ·····K··hb'tialignt: car ~:d.~ 'scold : soothe

. ' .

. -=.;__:_ 14. DEGENERATE :JMPROVE :: _

L.·_ ••... _"'_".

--1' ---.--~-,~--:--~.- .--;._---- - --a. solve.i.equation ~_~ -- - . - .:_:__g!.._g~n~r.o_y~: g_iyi1!_g_ -

j .; - . ,.'. c. ride: train d .. grow : shrink -- ----

.; ]'_:::: .... _,. "-,

.-- ..... ~.j .. =---,_ ----.-.- .r.: -- ~-. -_-:'··~-··-·-·~lS~~IM.PLAUSIB.:-l~E-,~:·-~·tiNLlKELY-::: __

~ ::

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a.straight : crooked c •. " furni.ture:1;louse

b. unfortunate: unlucky d. uI1fqrtunate : luc_ky

_. _16. SANCTUAR):" : SAFETY::

~-Jt~_ . .bi_q~Ql.l_tLS_!!~cy_. __ '_" ' _ ...

c. wheel: steer

b. enclosed : exposed - . 'd~-dinfier":hteaKfast

_ 17. GAUNT' : PLUMP ::

<I. tall: short

c. precious: jewelry

b. thin: skinny

d. fruit: nutrition

_ 18. BLIGHT: DES!fROYS::

a. flood: dries

b. medicine: heals

c. pianist: piano

d. agreement: disagree

_ 19. QUALM: CONSCIEN~E::

- a.love : lmtr~d

c. cramp: muscle

b. room: fireplace . d. pain: health"

"

:~

"_. 20.PU~.GIAiusM : IDEAS ::'

a. criminal : crime c. writing: paper

b. host: party

d. shopliftirig : merchandise

i

,

,.-

,

!

. : ..

~

:.--

-,", ~-

Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

"

UNIT TWO: Test 4 (Word Parts)

PART A

Listed in the lett-hand column below are ten common word parts, followed by words ill which the purls arc

used. In each blank, write in the letter of the correct definition on the right.

Word Parts Examples Definitions
I 1. -ate motivate, fascinate a. Father
r 2. bio- autobiography, biology b. Call; cry out
I 3. claim, clam acclaim, exclamation c. Partly
I 4. fin final, finale d. End
1 5. flex, fleet flexible, genuflect e. Cause to become
6. fore, fort forcibly, fortify f. In the direction of: toward
7. hum humanly, humane g. Person; having to do with people
8. pater, patri- paternity, patriotism h. Strong
9. semi- semiretired, semisweet i, Bend
-I __ 10. -ward skyward, backward j. Life; of living things
PARTB 1

Using the answer line provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Not every word part will be used.

I

r -' .

I

I

e. flex .1. -ward

_________ 11. To (activ ... ) _ yeast, put it in a warm liquid. __________ 12. When I meditate, I focus (in ... ly) _ by mentally repeating a nonsense word.

j. 1

__________ 13. In the seventeenth century, England ( ... ified; _ its weakening wool trade by passing a law that all corpses must be buried in wool.

~ 14. The French king Louis XIV's ( ... al) _ words before his death were to

his servants: "Why do you weep? Did you think I was immortal?"

__________ 15. Why are robots often given a ( ... anoid) _ appearance'? Are we more comfortable with "smart" machines that resemble us?

[Continues 011 next pll~W)

73

---.---;

. . .... ~

,

, .

. ~ . .

. '0 •.

74 Unit Two: Test 4

PARTe

Use your knowledge of word parts to determine the meaning of the boldfaced words. On the answer line, . write the letter of each meaning.

[6. The.diningclub .issemipublic.-

a.Tullypublic

b. -partly public

c. private

... _-_. _-17. A-p'atriarchyisa form of social-organization in which families are headed by

a. the strongest.

b. the oldest.

c. the father.

__ ·18. Mychemlstryteacller also teacll,esbjocheinistry, whichisthe chemistry of

a. life processes.

, b, likes.

c. weather.

__ 19. Albert Einstein claimed that his brain was his laboratory.

-- .... - - -------- -------a.--realiz.eo--

.. -----h.--iriadeJmown-

__ . . 20.Tlle~8!Tipany I work for has decided to-experiment with flextime for employees.

a. longer work hours

b. shorter work hours

c. adjustable work hours

i 1-

Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book .

.' -.~" ••• ~ .. __ ""'"'7 .... ,._'~,.,."U ... -, ........ __ • ~, ••.•.• ~.'

-.,.,

Unit Three

Chapter 13

Chapter 15

Chapter 17

I.

I

(.

I

f· '.

. ~ ,

'.

' .' '::.' -; ,

Chapter 14

... allevlate

. ',- 'ehefactor

6v~ir'· . rlil;;<':

infamous Intrinsic revulsion speculate virile

Chapter 16

poignant prevalent proponerit quest traumatic

;~;":charlsina· jtt(iotltemporary ?;?c6rttiirid :

'. conversely

~~;~j.~;~~,rt:: '. '

Chapter 18

i-~~r:~br; cour ... -lsh

.:'/"cli~, du- .: '. . maqnl-, magn-

-dom . phob

;~:~fy , .. : pro-

0:f.ll .. -~ini~~ :' psych-, psycho-

'.:' ", _.!' ~. :.0 .... _ _;c

i- -- 1

CHAPTER

13

i i I i

.1

I

... ,i

Ten Words. in Context ....

In the-space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the . context: of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning.

, 1 curtail'

. - {K~r~tal'l .. . -verb .

e Upon hearing reports of a tornado, the principal curtailed the school day so

· 'sttrdentscotiltl go home' early. .. .--~ . .. .... .. . .....

• I need to curtail my volunteer activities so that I can spend more time earning

....... -~:_ ..... ~w._Qlj~YJ()p~yQ.a_ck_li.J():;u?:~· ..... . .... __ .

_ Curtai/means

2· devastate (dev' os-tat')

-verb .. ~

_ Devastate means

3 digress

. (di-gres") -verb .

_ Digress means

4 incentive II (In t sen' tiVf -noun

. . _ llicefitive means ..

5 incorporate (In-kor+psr-at') -verb

_ Incorporate means

6 indispensable (In-di-spen I so-bal) -adjective

_ Indispensable means

76

a. to combine.

b.to shorten.

. c. to extend. .

• Learning that· their son had been arrested for armed robbery devastated the Huttons. They couldn't believe he'd do such a terrible thing.

• Vera is so fond of Andy. She'll be devastated to hear he has cancer.

,_ ., --------, _,_- ..... - . -_-----._----- - ---_... ""'--', . --,. _._-_ .. _.. "'., _ .. _ ---_ ... ,_ .... ,_.

a. to thrill.b. to. annoy. c. to upset greatly.

.1

I . .,.

• Professor Rubin never digresses during a lecture. Even his jokes relate to the

day's topic. . .

• I tried to teach my three-year-old piece our phone number, but we digressed to

adisct1ssio~ of whetherWinnie th.e Pooh has a telephone. . .

3. to listen carefully. . I b. to go off the subject. c. to get up.

.• The insurance company offers an incentive-a free vacation-to encourage its representatives to make more sales.

• The thought of myself in .a bathing suit next summer provides me with an .. adequate incentive to exercise.

, . \ t ~ / t

'-I/a; encouragement, .... b~·li~erty.-·c,change ..

• Jerry incorporated all of his favorite desserts into, one: a chocolate-covered

banana-cream pecan pk' . ... . .

... 4o·.Since,.the' . .number .of.youngchildren has gone <16wri"'ininy-neighborhood,·the

two .r::l.eWentary schools have been Incorporated into one. .

, -_...... . \ .. . .

a. to give up. ~. b. to join together. .. c. to raise.

.1

I r---

:1

, I

i

• Because there's no bus or train service nearby, a car is. indispensable hi my neighborhood. '.

• When you're, broke, '\ you. find,;Jh::ltx:nany things you thoug~~~~re indispensable aren't actually necessary after all.

a. free. 'b: needed.· ··-·c,-·expensive.

_.,
I
I
[
( 7 intermittent
(In 'tor-mft'cnt)
I -adjectlve
I'
_.Jntermittent means
8 rigor
(rlg'ar)
-noun
_ Rigor means
9 squander f
(skwon I dar)
-verb
_ Squander means
·Q)r
~ !.; "< r 10 succumb i
\' (ss-kiim ')
. \ I -verb
_ Succumb means c

()

;s

n

"

I

:d

"

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re

I,~'

1.' '--

-,

Chapter 13 77

• You have to work steadily with your dog to train him well. Intermittent practice won't work.

• Dora realized that her weight loss on a diet would be intermittent, so she didn't give up when the losses stopped. She knew they would start again.

a, irregular.

b. too much.

c. steady.

• New Marines mustgo through the rigors of boot camp, such as completing an \ obstacle course and running several miles a day.

• The ribor of working at two part-time jobs while going to school proved too much for Joseph. Exhausted, he dropped both jobs.

.\ I

1.1 __ ---'-_' _' _

b. an expense.

a. a gamble.

c.a hardship.

• It's sad to see such a wonderful artist squander her talent designing labels for

baked-bean cans. / ,

• The company lunchroom now closespromptly at one o'clock so that workers can'tsquandertime.onjlong lunch breaks.

a. to share.

b. to misu$e.1 i 1,\1

c. to upset.

, \.

• Leah succumbed to her daughter's begging and bought her a pet lizard for her birthday.

• Once the suspect was stealing the car stereo.

a, )to yield.

2: _

'-3.

I I

4.

5.

I

6.

7.' (.

----------------

1\"

, I'

I

t., \

,,! 8. '\.19.

10.

arrested, he' quickly succumbed and confessed to

b. to delay.

c. to anger.

Matching Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous pa~e will help you decide on the meaning of each word. .

To waste; spend or use foolishly To cut short or reduce

Something that moves one to take action or work harder; a motivation

To turn aside, or stray, especially from the main topic in speaking or writing

Great hardship or difficulty; harshness; severity To upset deeply; overwhelm

1'0 give in; stop resisting

Necessary

To unite into a single whole; combine

___ \_,, __ '_"i_( _1_',_1 v Starting and stopping from time to time; off-and-on

CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions at all.

78 Chapter 13

i---

>- Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.

I '

.... - ... _, .. : -_ .... " ..• ,: ---', • _',. ", - ._-._' •• _::?,:-:. •• : , •• '_'.' • >" ·:;,·'··:·::....:=.:.:;·-:.:;;_,',.::,::::.:t!.i~.;5~::.~::-~'I.-,~---~-:--:----,

. 'a:: curtail \: ,b .: d.evas.tate." :JC',;:~'dig '·"·\,',iL;d;.·hlcentive. e/incorporate'::

1. in~Jispensable' ':'."g.' i~t~~·;t;dni'i·::.'~h.:'~13br ':"/;/' ·.·jr··:~q~ari~~r . (. ~~'C~~~b'; .'

1. _ rain Kept interrupting ~he ballgame,

2., Thesight of her .bandaged husband in an oxygen tent _Ce)d Claire.

"--_-'--'-- . 3; Someone ha§'mahagedt6 .~.,~. tomato .and 'apotato into one plant

4. A home computer and a telephone are ~ iDols for -many 'iidf'~employea--

people. 'j

;-' :'-:;~. ~ ;.;:.:=. -~-:.- • .:..:.,:;.. . .... _ ... ,_ -_ . _, -

... -_ .. __ __ .. _----_ _ .' . ~... . .,. '.. , .

______ ...;__;_-'-_~ -~r.Air1iiiesoffef·"fieqtierirflyefc~teditS" .toward .free . trips: ·as·an":::...::.:..-.to--get.-··~

people to fly often; 'I")' J

6. Many teenage~~ do~'t foresee, the _s of parenthood, such as stayingup all night with a sick child."

.i

_......,.,.-'"--' .. '",,' . i.:..;." -'-'--"~;.:;==-- '7.-By examining her last two months ofsp~ncling, C:o.ret~a~ discovered that she

had _.(e)d mcney on too many expensive m.eals. . -. . ' ..

8. The man on the comer offered to sell me a watch, but he quickly _(e)d

his sales pitch when-he-saw-a poliaeofficer.app,foaching. . ..

9. 'Because our history teacher loved to gab, we' often could get him to _

from the lesson to talk rib out school athletics or school politics.

______ -'-...:.- __ 10~ Carl tried hard to ignore the double-fudge caramel pecan pie on the menu, but he finally _(e)d and ordered a slice.

NOTE: Now check your answers to these questions by turning to page 178. Going OVer the answers carefully will help )'o.lI prepare 1'01' the next two practices, for which answers-are not given.

_.:. .. ~~:' ~' ., ... ,. . .. .. . .. _ ..

Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box, Use each word

once. ' , . '

~ ~ __ . .1 __ 2. Duane. feels. he _{e)d too many years in inactivity, 'so 'now·he

welcomes the _. _s,ofanei~rClse program.

3 .... 4.'fhj:: company decided, t6_- _ the construction of its new plant until the architects could decide on how to _ an employee gym into the new building .

...._...~~ .. S __ 6 ... MY3:~11Jh.~sonly._ .. _ ... success in quitting smoking. Every few months

she_s to teniptation~ ,and then 'she has toqiiit all i:iver agaiii. . . ... . .

.. _ "

I,

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l Chapter 13 79

7-8. As Leo explained a failed business deal that had once _(e)d him, he _(e)d into the even more interesting tale of his romance with Molly,

his business partner, ," \ ) } ! I

• I, _) I

__ ..1-. -'-- 9-10. The vitamin saleswoman offered me free samples, ninety-day trials, and

every other _" she could think of to get m~ to buy. However, I found her sales pitch-highly implausible". 1 simply could not believe that her products, and her products alone, were _ to my well-being, ,

"-....-.

)tao-- Final Check: Learningto Study

Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once.

Linda neverhad to work very hard to make good grades in high school. But in college, where the (1) s of course work were greater, she soonlearned that her casual high-school studyhabits would no longer suffice", Linda was also learning how easy it was to (2) time on dates and parqes. She didn't realize how hadly she was

~ "

doing until she saw her midterm grades, which (3) (e)d her. She knew

she had to make some changes. right away] and began to ponder" what th~y ShOll1? I be. As a(?( (4) \ I " , to work harder, she tried studying with her friend Denise. But that

" " .

didn't work; their conversation would (5) , from European history to

personal topics, such as dates or favorite singers. ( ,

Linda decided she'd have to go it alone. She began to skip weekday parties and also to

, :- \ - . . -.~,/----

(6) C I ,; .1 I) ! \ 1/ the time she spent talking or exchanging e-mails wi~h friends.

" ", . A'f""

She discovered that a good place to study was (7) I (\ ". I " to her new study

habits. She found the library's silent third floor asanctuary", a place with no temptations to which she could (8),./ r , She also became more methodical" in her study. habits. keeping an assignment book, writing due dates on a ' -, calendar, and setting up a study schedu~ .. ~t first, Linda's performance fluctuated", and so the improvement in her grades was"

(9) ;_A's and B's alternated with C's and D's. But little by little, she

I

,.

I

learned to (l0) __ -'- "~social life with serious study and get grades she

was proud of.

SCOl'e~ -, SentenceCheck 2"_"_" -:--_%

• ~ ·c- ,_;

Final.Check %

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performnnce chart on the inside back cover or the book.

_~ ~·_~L- _ .. __ .. ... _._ .. _.

~:

.. - - ... ~

CHAPTER

14

Ten Words in-Context.

In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the

co~~~xt oft~l:ls~l_1t~rt~~S to help' you figure out each word's meaning. . ... .

- - -.-----~-

1 alleviate ··~···;··To·:a]ieViaie.liis'loneliness;tiie>wrdowerh1oved··Cl()Ser to his daughter and her

----(:Fle've~iit'r--· ·-----·---famtly:·~··:: ,'~-----... -.. . '-.. ---- '.

-verb

• After alonggame in the August heat. the young baseball players alleviated

---------.--- .. _ ... _ ._. __ . thJ\kJhirs! _wm~..ic:~~c:ol_qJ~Il!()lla_d(! ...•. -

a. to consider. b. to hide.

Alleviate means

. . .:..';; ..

_ ... ,- ... -

2 benefactor

(ben ' o-fiik 'tar) -noun

;_ Benefactor means

3 covert (kuv'art) -adjectlve

Covert means

4 cynic (sln'lk) -noun

_ Cynic means

5 demise (dl-miz '). -noun

Demise_l.neans

6 infamous (In/fa-mas) -adjective

_ Infamous means

80

C. to ease .

• The Second Street-B~nlds-a long~timebenefaCtc>ibfthe arts. This year it will . sponsor a series of free jazz concerts. in the parks.

_} ~TE~ __ ~~~!!~~_ ~eileffl_ctor who paid f?r:~~~.~?:i.~~'~_.~peratiQn prefers to remain

anonym()us. . .

a. a financial supporter.

b. a social critic ..

c. a cooperative person.

• Miriam and David's relationship is so covert that they never eat out. Eventhelr " .. best friends don't know they are seeing-each other.

·_}f you enjoy c()vert activities,.~e?ome·u secret agent.

a. .obvious. b. concealed.

c. easy to bear.

• Her parents' nasty divorce has made Libby a cynic about marriage.

~ Mr. Bryant was a cynic about people until he fell down on a street corner and several strangers rushed to his aid.

a. someone who b. someone who

..-. '"IJelieves the worst;~···· -gives ·help.--···_--··

c.S0111eone witha bad reputation.

• During my years in grade school and high school, the untimely demise of severalofmy classmates mademe very aware of my mortality.

"Ini567. a beard caused a man's demise. Hans Steininger's beard was so long ____ that he stepped on it while climbing a staircase, lost his balance, fell down the

stel?s~anddie(C- .---. .... ..-- -, .. ,-.. ---. ----- ..

_._a,POPtl_larity._ b. asecret. _ _ _ c. dying.

;

i

r--'-

• King Henry VIII of England was infamous throughout Europe for executing . two of his six wives.

. . .

• Visitors. to the dungeons of ancient castles always want to see the instruments of torture,includingtheinfamollsIron Maiden-s-a.body-shaped box.with . spikes inside.

a. known unfavorably.

b. thought to be annoying. c. giving hope.

1

19

ts th

'.

Chapter 14 81

7 intrinsic (In-trfn ' sfk) -adjective

• Trust is intrinsic to any good friendship.

• Because Lian has an intrinsic desire to learn, she doesn't need the reward of good grades to motivate her studies.

b. fundamental.

_ Intrinsic means

a. secret.

c. unnecessary.

8 revulsion (ri"viiI'shan) -noun

I

• Whenever I read about child abuse in the newspaper, I am 'filled with such

revulsion that I often cannot finish the article.

• When Sharon met the man who had cheated her father. she was overcome with revulsion.

b. hatred.

c. understanding.

Revulsion means

a. interest.

9 speculate (spek ' yo-Hit') "verb

• It's interesting to speculate how history might have been different if Abraham Lincoln had lived a few years longer.

• The therapist asked Cassy to speculate about what might happen if she told Ralph her true feelings.

_ Speculate means

a. to remember.

b. to announce.

c. to guess.

10 virile (vir" 01) -adjective

• Men who are unsure about their masculinity sometimes try to "prove" they are virile by being overly aggressive.

• When a male heron stamps his feet and sticks his neck out, and then droPfl his head and says "plop-buzz," the female finds him very virile. In fact, that behavior is how the male. attracts a mate.

a. having attractive male qualities. b. lacking in confidence. c. unselfish.

Virile means

Matching Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word.

1. 2.

Secret; hidden

A person who believes the worst of people's behavior and motives: someone who believes people are motivated only by selfishness

Belonging to a person or thing by its very nature (and thus not dependent on circumstances)

Having a very bad reputation; widely known for being vicious, criminal, or deserving of contempt

A person or organization that gives help; especially financial aid Manly; masculine

Death

To come up with ideas or theories about a subject; theorize To relieve; make easier to endure

Great disgust or distaste

3.

4.

S. _

6.

7. __

8. 9.

10.

CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions at alL·

,

1· ! .

I ' I

82 Chapter 14

r-

» Sentence Check 1

=

Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.

. e .: ·.den-lise ..

,~ '. .

'-j. ·vlrlle .

aallevlate . . "b::b~n:~factor: ./:. q:? ,{::·;;·:·};·?:d,;:··cynlc·,· .'

1. infamous . 9:-IOtI'I0$1c . h. r~,\(u'~19n ·...!.:·speculate

'~. "" '" ; -". "'. ·~:~.:.:l·.:·!'f~\4·· ::~/. ' ;. ~ '. :

_______ ._'_:-'_.; -,-'-_' . '1. Problems are _ to life; they're unavoidable,

2. My hunger isn't fully satisfied, but the apple _(e)dit somewhat.

._;_~_"_"".;_""_""_".;_---,' ·'-'--'--"-..:.......;.,.....·-3. Teenage guys usuallywelcome a deepening voice and a thickening beard

__ .:_.~~~~~_~. __ .. _.!W§Ig~~Jh~Bhey .. arelJec~(j1!llllg_l_"I_i()~'e-=~ ._. ' ..

4. The selfless work of the nuns in the slums of India is enough to touch the

_____ ....... _..... .._ ... ._~~~~_o~.~.?!~_~~~dened_~ ~ __

5.T,h()ugh she was tried and found not guilty, Lizzie Borden is still _ for

killing her p~~~iits 'W#h'~ h~ichet. . .

6. The children loved the _ activities involved in preparing tIleir mother's surprise party.

__ _;_ .;........ ._- ._--. -7:'Tiie-'-mass~mufd~rei"s' rteighbofs-wereovercome'with .. =- when . they

learned what their "friend" had been doing in his basement. .

8. "As I1f:J.group has claimed responsibility, we can only _". on the motives for the bombing," said the newscaster.

9. Roger Novak had -be~n a well-known_ of AIDS research, so it was no surprise that he .left a lotof money for the research in his will.

__________ 10. It's a good idea for married couples to discuss their funeral plans in case of each other's _. For example, do they wish to be buried or cremated?

NOTE: Now check your answers to these questions by turning to page 178. Going over .the answers carefully will help you prepare for the next two practices, for which answersarenot gi.v_e'_,.

>- Sentence Check 2

Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once,

________ .- _"_·~'''i~2:·'Nursing·"is·~a'''g{)od;'>Oal'.eer"for.-D.ee.,.,because .It's ., :.a(.lJL __ .. part of her' personality to try to _ people's pain, In addition, since she is

. physically and-mentally strong. she will he able tohandle the rigors" of nursing, such as intense stress and long hours.

3-4. Although everything about the Nazisfilled the Dutch spy with _, his _,__ assignment was to make friends with top Nazi scientists. He had "-fewqualmso.about-fakingsuch .friendships-e-he would .have,felLmQre guilty if he hadn't done everything in his power to fight the Nazis .

....... ~. __ ~ __ ._.L' ..... ~

v;

"

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I I

i,

lis ad

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Chapter 14 83

5-6. The _s in town said that Joyce Lester's sorrow over her husband's _ was much less than her joy in getting the money from his insurance

policy.

7-8. Young men who are bullies usually think of themselves as _, but a _ of the weak is far more manly than someone who takes advantage of weakness.

__________ 9-10. With' all the stories told about Jesse James, the Dalton Gang, and other _ figures of the Wild West. we can only _ as to how much is fact and how much is fiction.

!

j"

>- Final Check: The Mad Monk

Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. '(Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once.

Shortly before the Russian Revolution" an eccentric" man named Rasputin became

(1) ;...., as the "mad monk." Because he dressed like a peasant, drank

heavily, and rarely bathed, the nobility often felt (2)_--'!-... during their

encounters" with him at the palace.

Yet despite his outward appearance, Rasputin possessed a(n) (3), _

charm that drew many to him, including the Russian empress, She thought him a great man of God

and a special (4) of her seriously ill son, whose condition she felt

Rasputin (5) (e)d.

Many (6) s believed otherwise. To them, Rasputin was no healer:

instead, he was a man who exploited? his relationship with the empress for his own benefit. Rather than praise Rasputin, his enemies preferred to malign" him. In a pamphlet titled The Holy Devil, one of his critics described him as a sinister" man. This author even dared to

(7) that the monk and the empress wereromantically involved. 'This

theory was strengthened by the fact that the empress's "holy man" pursued many women and

boasted about how (8) he was.

Finally, a group of Russian noblemen made (9) plans to kill

Rasputin. Somehow, the 'secretinusth~ve gotten' out, for a Russian official warned Rasputin of a plot against him. He nevertheless accepted the noblemen's invitation to a dinner party, where they served him poisoned wine and cake. When Rasputin did not appear to succumb" to the poison, his enemies hastened his (10) by shooting and stabbing him and then dumping him into an icy river. An autopsy revealed that he had died by drowning.

Enter your scores above and in the vocabularyperformance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

~ ...

CHAPTER

15

;---

Ten Words in Context

In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the contextoftll~.s.c?l1tences~,? help youfi¥ure out each word's meaning.

1 abstain

.. - {ao'=sUrl') . --

-verb

• Although Lou has givertup· dgarettes,hec:loesn't abstain from tobacco. Now

· __ ·--·-·ne -coews-it. .- .. - .. " .. _-.... . ... - ... - ..

. . .

• My sister called off her engagement to Clayton because he wouldn't abstain

- .. --_.- ... ~ .. ·_·.~~~~. __ fliO_fi\.daJjngQ1h.eI_wojji_~n::_~~~:~~.:::::~:_~:. __ ... . .__. .

_ Abstainfro.m means J!. to desire. b .. to believe in.

c.·i6deny oneself,

2 affiliate (a-ffl' e-ilt') .i-vera,

• Diane is neither a Democratnor a Republican. She isn't affilia:tedwith any

political party.· . .

.. ::·~::Tl:1J;~_~2~!.l$ .~!rtg~r_could have earned more if she had beenaf'(Lli~te4 wiJll the musicians' unio~, but -she-couldiiifaIfoicrtlie memoersliip dues."." --_ .. :-. ...-.. ..

a. to join. b. to study. c. to hold back from.

_ Affiliate with means

3 agnostic (ag~nos' tfk) -noun

• Iris believes there is a God, and Marcia feels sure thereisn't.Tean, an agnostic,

feels that ,we can't be certain one way or the other. .

• My uncle, ~h.o was an agnostic, used to say, "Humans 'cannot understand a flower, let elone whe,~er6t-iiotiliere's·a God."· .. ..... .... ..

_ Agnostic means

a. one who ,denies God's existence.

b. one who feels we can't know if God exists.

c. one who is sure there is a God.

4 aspire .... ·(::)~spir')

-verb

• Twelve-year-old Derek, who loves drawing buildings, aspires to be a great architect. .

..• Millions of young people aspire to.beprofessional athletes, butonly a fewwill succeed.

_ Aspire means

a. to fear.

b. to wish.

c. to volunteer,

, ,1

5 benevolent (~;)-l?:~.v '~~l;)nt) -adjective

Benevolent means·

•.. peopleare·;niorebe:iievolertt'Wherfther'gbrtax'deductionsJor·theil'·donations.

• In J 878, WilUmIl:EJpoth fOl..lI1cled a benevolent associati~n to. help the poor of

London. He called it the SalvationAnny.·--- .. . ..

a. recreational. b. prQfit~Ql~.. c. charitable.

6 deficit (def" c-sft) .. noun

• Our club has spent so much more than it has taken in that it now has a huge budget deflclt..

..... -. :

• Residents are asked not to water their lawns because a deficit of rain has

.. dangerouslyloweredthe watersupply, -... .....-

_ Deficit means

a. alack ..

b. an overflow.

c. a collection.

84

:". "'I

f

e

IS

Chapter 15 85

7 dissent (dr-sent') "inoun"

• The committee was so tom by dissent that its members could not agree even "on whether or not to schedule another meeting.

• The dictator permitted people to agree with his policies or keep silent about them, but not to expressdissent.

a. plans. b. opposition. c. relief.

_Dissent means

8 diversion (da-vfrrtzhen) -noun

• My history teacher says that one of her favorite diversions during summer vacation is reading mystery novels.

• Skip likes his job, hut he also enjoys such diversions as playing video games, watching baseball, and reading humorous stories.

a. a recreation. h. something easy. c. an assignment.

_Diversion means

9 jucratlve (loo'kra-tlv) -adjective

• Investments in the stock market can be lucrative. However, they can also result in great financial loss,

• "Teaching at a small college isn't lucrative." Professor Baum admitted, "but I've never felt the need to make lots of money."

a. required. b. financially rewarding. c. risky.

_;:,. Lucrative means"

10 mandatory (man' do-tor 'e) «uljective

• Members of the "basketball team have to follow strict rules. For example, it's mandatory that each player attend at least 80 percent of the practices.

• "A research paper isn't mandatory,".the instructor said, "but if you write one, you'Il get extra credit."

b. helpful.

_ Mandatory means

a. unimportant.

c. essential.

Matching Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word nex.t to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will belp you decide on the meaning of each word.

1.

To strongly desire; to be ambitious (to do something or to get something)

Profitable; well-paying

A shortage; a lack (in amount)

To hold oneself back from something; refrain Charitable

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

" A person who believes we cannot know whether or not there is

a God' .

7. 8. 9.

10.

Required

An amusement 01' pastime; anything that relaxes or amuses To associate; join

Disagreement

CAUTiON: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions at all:

t-

: '·:1

. >j.:"

86 Chapter 15

t:

>- Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.

a. abstain ... deficit.

1. My kid brother _s to become thevi<leo-game champion oflhe world" _______ .."."..~,..,." .... 2. The _. fund at my church collects money to help poor .families in our

-_p~sh~ - - . - - ..

__ _:;;_=~=====-J.-:MY-:.pal'ents_~enjgy_cfll'g~g;:l.l'l;_l~~!~1?llt my sister and I like such _8 as c.?~~ute~ games and music videos. . .. --- -- ....... - --

______ ~.,..__.=_:_·.,...,·:.=~._·:~A.An'entrancefeewasn't'~; but a sign.at the museumentrance suggested

.' - - ii1·afVlslioi:·s'lnakea-aonation.- .--------------- ... --.- ... -.-------- ...... '--

5. Because Hank needs toloseweight, his. doctor recommended that he _. _-

from aU sweets and fatty foods. . ... .

6. We could overcome aCn) _ of organs for transplants if more people

....would_agreeto .ha'leih~ir()rg!\ns dOl1"'t.~.c!ll:ft~r.~~_~y.di_~:: '.

7.Therewas no_····· in the family on whether ornot to start a vegetable garden this year, We all agreed it was a great idea:

8. Yong could have joined the.' all-male club, but he prefers. to _ .... with

organizations that welcome both men and women.

_____ --'-'-'- ·~9,~··Wh~n someone who believes in God marries 'someone who does not," the

comic asked, "do they give birth to a(n) _7"

__________ 10. Acting is _ for only a small percentage of performers, The rest need additional sources of income, such as waiting on tables or driving a cab.

Nore:Now checkY6uranswers to these questions-by turning to page 178~ Going over the. answers carefully will help you pr_eJ'l~re for the_ n_p_xt !Y'~ p_ra~!~~_~S.~ .~~r_which answers are not given.

>- Sentence Check 2

i

,-" ""

Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below -with.tw.o,.w.ords_from the box. Use each word once,

1-2, My uncle decided to splurge and _ with a country clubbecaiise golf is his favorite _,

3-4. Gail didn't _ from smoking cigarettes at the office until her employer: made not smoking _. _. Keeping her job was.a very good incentive" to :_

get her to quit.

> c" "" •• ~~__..._--" "~ •• '"".-" "

er 10

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Chapter 15 87

5-6. Some people think that since Stan is a(n) _, he must be amoral". It's true he's not sure if God exists, but that doesn't mean he lacks a moral sense. In fact, he recently founded a _ society lit work In mise money . for disabled children in the area.

__________ . 7-8. The _ in the township treasury is causing a lot of _ over whether or not taxes should be raised.

__________ 9-10. Because my father _'5 to make enough money to send his children to college, he's working hard to make his auto repair business as _ as

possible. .

>Final Check: Conflict Over Holidays

Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following .selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once,

While Jeanne and raul are generally a happily married couple. they do struggle over one point of

(l). ___,...__....;~ __ . They disagree as to how their family should observe religious holidays.

"The emphasis ox: presents," says Jeanne, "has made. the season (2), for

all those mercenary" retailers who overcharge at holiday time. Also, people who should be watching

their expenses create unnecessary (3). .P in their budgets by squandering"

. .

money on unimportant gifts." She complains that exchanging presents at Christmas is practically

(4) " whether or not one believes in the holiday's religions significance.

Jeanne (5), ,5 to keep her, home free of all Stich nonreligious customs

and thus wants her children to (6) from traditions such as gift-giving

and dyeing Easter eggs, She feels the family's money would be better spent if it were donated to a

(7) organization for helping the poor. Some of Jeanne's neighbors assume.

that she is a(n) (8) because of her lack of holiday spirit. They-are wrong,

however, Jeanne believes deeply in God and is (9)· (e)d with a church.

While Paul understands Jeanne's concerns, he prefers the conventional" way of celebrating

holidays. "'Chil<l;,en·e~joY the customary (lO). s that are connected with the

holidays," he says. "What would Christmas be without a visit to Santa and gifts under the tree? What would Easter be without colorful eggs and an Baste~ egg hunt? These are pleasant practices that enhance? the JOY of the season,"

Scores Sentence Check 2_~_%

"""_C" .~ :c" __ ._ "'. '

Final Check %

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book,

CHAPTER

16

.: "quest; .: .. , , . traumatic' .

Ten Words in Context

In ,the space provided; write the 1etter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word, Use the

-contex.toi' thesentences ~o help you figure out each word's meaning, '

1charisma_ (ks-riz ' me)

. "lJoyn

.. '- .-- - _ _!_Karn~llj~j__§!lchC~!~i~~~t!l!-twhen he ran for class president, almost every person in the_ tenth grade voted1orhim:--Sifclnfiagnetisrrrwill--benefithim throughout his life .

.... -. .. '-.".~~.~;~::-'~~,:: . .:.

··Great--Britain~·s--p;rim~ess:~:Diana-~ob\fiouslY .. had_-.gte1!L~h~Xism!-l,_)?eJpite __ her

personal problems, she l1.!i':l:l1\lll1e~ous loyal fans-e-even after het ·!ie-ath.

'. a, feelings.. . b. personalappeal. c:'iuc'k,

--- ... __ .--._._--_.....:.._-_._--_._--_.

2 contemporary . • Beth likes contemporaryfurniture, but her husband prefers antiques,

-(k~l1~terit'pa:; rel;' re)_~_; 'My-gr~ni:lfa:thet~says-~::thaL compal'e.d·_tQ_19_Q~ _ _in his day," contemporary

'. -adjective youngstersaresoftand lazy. . ------.---.--.. .... ....-

-a. common. . b.olg~fashioned. c. current.

_ Contemporary means

3 contend (ken-tend ') -verb

~ The .defense atiorneycortte:nded: that his client was 'insane 'and therefore 'could not be held responsible for the murder.

<Scientistseontend that no two snowflakes are identical,buthow could they

possibly prove it? . ..

_ Contend means

. a. to wish,

b. to deny.

c. to declare,

4 conversely (ken -YUJs'le) -adverb

• Ron, who is basically bored by food, eats in order to live. Conversely, Nate . loves food so much that he seems to live in order to eat.

• Mary drives her children to school whenever it ra.ins.Conversely, Fran makes

. . .. _ . her.kids Walk b¢c!lllsesh~thi~~.alittle rain-never hurt .anyone. .

_ Conversely means

h. in a modem way.

c,·similai:ly.

a, in contrast.

5 extrovert . (ek' stra-vflrt ')

• S~.UJrisin~iy, not all performers areextroverts.Dffstage, many are quiet and

. ,shy. .

···--.--eMs;-SteinhiredRobert.to-greetandChat withher clientsbecausehe's' such an extrovert.

-noun

a.a supporter of causes;

b. atimid pers.QD,_._._.___ c. a sociable person.

6 poignant - (po in' yont)

-adjective

• The service honoring American soldiers missing inaction was touching, A speech by-a friend: Qf.Qu.e pf the, $91di~!:s. was particularly poignant.

• I cried when I read a poignant story about a dying girl who gave away all of her dol1s-io'fpoorchiloren."

a. affecting the emotions. b. correct. c. lively.

_ Poignant means

88

A

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I'
.~
','
d
111 of

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Chapter 16 89

7 prevalent (prey "o-Iont) -adjective

• Unemployment was prevalent during America's Great Depression. By 1932, over twe1ve million people were out of work.

• Television sets are more prevalent in: the United States than bathtubs. Over half of American homes have two or more TVs. Far fewer homes have more than one bathtub.

_Prevalent means

a. favorable.

b. found frequently.

c. unlikely.

8 proponent (pro-po' nont) -noun

• I voted for Senator Williams, a proponent of improved services for the elderly. because I feel that many older people need greater assistance,

• Although Blaine quit work to take care of her children, she is a proponent of employer-supported day care.

_ Proponent means

,a. a recipient.

c. a supporter,

b. an opponent.

9 quest (kwest) -noun

• During Carlo's quest for the perfect pizza, he sampled the cheese pizza at twenty-seven' different restaurants.

• Ponce de Leon's quest was for the Fountain of Youth: what he found instead was Florida.

_ Quest means

a. ahunt.

b. a question.

c. design.

10 traumatic (tro.mat'Ik) -adjective

• Divorce can be less traumatic for children if their fears and feel lngs are tf.ll<en into account as the divorce takes place

• My cousin has had nightmares ever since his traumatic experience of being trapped in a coal mine.

_ Traumatic means

a. familiar.

b. reasonable.

c. upsetting.

Matching Words with Definitions

Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The' sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word.

1. 2.

In an opposite manner; in an altogether different way

The quality of a leader which captures great popular devotion; personal magnetism; charm

A search; pursuit

Widespread; common

To state to be so; claim; affirm Modem; up-to-date

I)

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Someone who supports a cause Emotionally moving; touching

Causing painful emotions, with possible long-lasting psychological effects

An outgoing, sociable person

10.

!

, '

CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are COrrect. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the ~Howing practices, Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions at all.

90 Chapter 16

~ Sentence Check 1

Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box, Use each word once.

__________ "1;''1 StUdyhestin"the<moming. _- _' - ;,my·sister.concentrates-better...atnight.

2. Nancy is a(n) _ by nature, but since she's become depressed, she has avoided 6thetpeople,-"

.. .3 •. AUh~Jli1:PQil!_ J,_~.l:I~_~~!X_ll)-_()~~d by the, _ ._, reunion of family members who had been separated for years:" ... - .. - ... --- - - '---

- -----~ ~_ ....... ,.". .. = ... _= .. = ====' ."" ... - ..... ',-' ." ".' 4,Underage drinkingwasso __ . _ in, the frat~~nityl1011se thatcollege officials

- --- .. --"oi:aered1Ile-nouseclOsedfor' a-year.----· -.', -----:-.:-:. ----- .

S.~Ii::hisWo~au =--s tltafshe was here be.~bre you," said the supermarket

checkout clerk. "Is ither tum now?;"- . . .

-i ,.

--->----------- ... -

,

I I

=:

.. _ --!

,

~ ..

6. Felipe isa(n) _ of exercising for good health. He even encourages his .. "- ---- . - -~- young.childr~tQsw.i.xp.9r.~y'?1~_every day. .

. - . _" _ .. --_ _,_ .. :"'-., -.

-'- ~ 7. Certain movie stars may not be great actors, but they have aCn) _. _' that

makes people want to see their films.

8. Abby . didn't. like theapartment with the old~fashioned tub and radiators.

She preferred a more _ place .

.9. Repeating ihirdgrade was. _. for my brother. It. still pains him to think . about it, even though he's a successful businessman now.

__________ 10. Over the past three hundred years, several people-have gone on a(n)_ for Noah 'sark. Some. have looked for it in northeastern Turkey, on Mount Ararat, sixteen thousand feet above sea level.

NOTE: .Now.check yo\lrall~w~r~ to th_(ls_e questions by turning to page 178. Going over the answers carefully will help

you prepare for the next two practices. for whlch-rulsweis-are nofgiv~i:i:':-' _':_-. _.~'. . -.. . ".

>- Sentence Check 2

... Usillg lh~answer lines;:provided;.-cample£e. .each item. below 'withl'YO words'fromthe 'box; Use 'each word

--.~-------- ------------- ~-~----."-... t

once.

1::..2. Many people life surprised to learn how = poverty is in _ America, Today, millions live below the poverty line. and the number seems to escalate" daily.

• .":. -." ,.. ".. r. • " •.• ,_":' • ".~.. .-' • _ .' _ .\..I -.

3-4. Judy and Martin Reed exemplify" the old saying "Opposites attract." A(ri) _-,- Judychooses work that-brings-her-into constant contact withothers, _, Marty prefers jobs in which he mainly works alone.