T he A daptive Immunity

C hapter 17
A daptive/A cquired Immunity
1. Naturally acquired active immunity

2. Naturally acquired passive immunity

3. A rtificially acquired active immunity

4. A rtificially acquired passive immunity

 A daptive Immunity
H umoral Response Cell-M ediatedResponse
1. Involves the production 1. Involves the production of
of antibodies specialized lymphocytes

2. key cell type: 2. key cell type:

B lymphocyte T lymphocytes

3. E ffectiveness: tends to be 3. E ffectiveness: useful at the

most effective against cellular level
bacterial toxins, bacteria,
and viruses before they
enter cells
 A ntigen : C haracteristics
Antigen: a substance that stimulates an immune response.

1. 0D\EHIRUHLJQWRWKHERG\«QRQ³VHOI´e.g. mo, toxins,

vaccines, transplants, transfusion, pollen, insect venom, egg

2. 0D\EHVHOI«$XWRLPPXQHGLVHDVHVUKHXPDWRLGDUWKULWLV
OXSXVSHUQLFLRXVDQHPLDDQG*UDYH¶VGLVHDVH

3. M acromolecules: usually proteins or lipoproteins, many are

polysaccharides, some nucleic acids, teichoic acids

4. M ay be particulate or soluble (like albumin)

O nly part of the antigen stimulates the immune response
T hose parts of the antigen that the antibodies react with
are called antigenic determinants or epitopes

Figure 17.1
A ntigens must be of relatively high molecular weight
e.g.a10,000 daltons
H aptens : molecules too small to stimulate an immune
response by themselves. T hey must be associated with a
larger molecule. e.g. penicillin

Figure 17.2
 A daptive Immunity

H umoral vs. C ell M ediated

Responses
 M echanism of H umoral Response
1. C haracteristics of B lymphocytes
2. Primary H umoral Response
‡ W hat happens if lymphocytes do not
encounter their specific antigen?
‡ W hat happens if lymphocytes recognize
self-antigen?

3. A ntibody Production in Primary

humoral response
4. Plasma cells vs. M emory C ells
Figure 17.5
W hat happens when the body is exposed
to the same Ag the second time?

‡ Secondary H umoral Response

‡ A ntibody Production in secondary

humoral response

‡ Booster immunization and Secondary

Immune response
Figure 17.16
 H umoral Response
1. T-independent humoral response:
T-independent antigens
2. T-dependent humoral response
 Protective O utcome of
A ntibody-A ntigen Binding

1. Neutralization
2. Immobilization and prevention of
A dherence
3. Agglutination and Precipitation
4. O psonization
5. Complement A ctivation
Figure 17.7