Digital Modulation

oleh
Warsun Najib
Digital Modulation

Three basic forms of digital modulation

Analog Digital

AM Amplitude ASK

FM Frequency FSK

PM Phase PSK

08/12/21 Digital Modulation 2

 Amplitude Shift Key
11111010001101010010111 f t f t  ASK  t 

t

 ASK  t  Ac sin  c t
t

 t  nT  1
f  t    an rect   where an  
n  T  0
 ASK  t   f  t   Ac sin  c t

 Ac sin  c t (logic 1)
  ASK  t   
 0 (logic 0)

08/12/21 Digital Modulation 3

Amplitude Shift Key[1]
The ASK waveform for one pulse (logic 1)

 Ac sin  c t 0t T
  ASK  t   
 0 elsewhere

In order to find an Energy Spectrum of  ASK  t 

Energy Spectrum
The Autocorrelation technique is used
f t f t R t   R f 
 
Delay
f t T 
sinc2 function

Therefore Energy Spectrum of ASK

 2 2

0
T T
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Power Spectral Density
2 2
 Ac   Ac 
   0  c     0  c 
 2   2  2
2
 Ac   Ac 
  Gb   0   c    Gb   0   c 
 2   2 

 c 
2  c  c 
2 0 c 
2 c c 
2

T T T T

2
 A 

G ASK      c  Gb  0   c   Gb   0   c       0   c      0   c  
 2 

Detection of ASK : detect

 present (logic 1) or
absent (logic 0)
of the carrier

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 Frequency Shift Key
11111010001101010010111
f t
t
 FSK  t 
t
 ASK 1  t 
t
 ASK 2  t 
t

 ASK 1  t 

Output for 1

f t Ac cos  c    t  FSK  t 


Output for 0  ASK 2  t 

Ac cos  c    t
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Power Spectral Density
K      c    K      c    K     c    K     c   

G ASK1    G ASK 2   

  c    c   c   0  c   c  c  


2 

Frequency separation

Note: To prevent significant overlapping of the bandpass of two

filters in detection process

frequency separation  Data rate

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Power Spectral Density[1]
The Actual shape of Power Spectral Density of FSK
Detection of FSK Bandpass Filter
is used to detect f1 (1) and f2 (0)

 c  
 c  c  

2
In general for frequency separation; 2  DataRate
2
2 
T
1 m
  2f ; 2 f  or where m is an integer
T T
08/12/21 Digital Modulation 8
 Phase Shift Key
11111010001101010010111 f t f t  PSK  t 

t

 PSK  t  Ac cos  c t
t

cos 2f 0t
~
cos 2f 0t   
~

 t  nT  1
f  t    an rect  where an  
n  T  0
 PSK  t   f  t   Ac cos  c t
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Power Spectral Density

2 2
 Ac   Ac 
  Gb   0   c    Gb   0   c 
 2   2 

2  c 2 0 2 c  2

 c   c  c  
T T T
c
T

2
 Ac 
GPSK       
 Gb  0   c  Gb   0   c   
 2 

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Detection of PSK
Phase Reversal Key (PRK)
Since information is in the phase, only synchronous detection is possible

Receiver:
To data detection Matched filter detection

cos 2f 0t

 PSK  t 
carrier  
 
Synchronize cos 2f 0t   
(coherent)
carrier
Local oscillator e.g. Crystal oscillator
known as Voltage Control Oscillator VCO

08/12/21 Digital Modulation 11