protidogramma

A.A. 2009-2010
 Protidogramma
Separazione elettroforetica delle proteine del

siero su gel di agarosio o acetato di cellulosa

 Protidogramma
Separazione elettroforetica delle proteine del
siero su gel di agarosio o acetato di cellulosa
NORMALE
 Im Serum Bereich Einheit Bereich Einheit

Albumin rel. 59 - 70 %

alpha-1-Globulin rel. 2.0 - 3.5 %

alpha-2-Globulin rel. 5.3 - 9.3 %

beta-Globulin rel. 7.6 - 13.0 %

gamma-Globulin rel. 10.5 - 19.0 %

Albumin abs. 3.8 - 5.2 g/dl 38 - 52 g/l

alpha-1-Globulin abs. 0.14 - 0.25 g/dl 1.4 - 2.5 g/l

alpha-2-Globulin abs. 0.25 - 0.69 g/dl 2.5 - 6.9 g/l

beta-Globulin abs. 0.50 - 0.90 g/dl 5.0 - 9.0 g/l

gamma-Globulin abs. 0.70 - 1.50 g/dl 7.0 - 15.0 g/l

 Immunoglobulin Classes
I. IgG
Structure: Monomer
Percentage serum antibodies: 80%
Location: Blood, lymph, intestine
Half-life in serum: 23 days
Complement Fixation: Yes
Placental Transfer: Yes
Known Functions: Enhances phagocytosis, neutralizes toxins
and viruses, protects fetus and newborn.
 Immunoglobulin Classes
II. IgM
Structure: Pentamer
Percentage serum antibodies: 5-10%
Location: Blood, lymph, B cell surface (monomer)
Half--life in serum: 5 days
Half
Complement Fixation: Yes
Placental Transfer: No
Known Functions: First antibodies produced during an infection.
Effective against microbes and agglutinating antigens.
 Immunoglobulin Classes
III. IgA
Structure: Dimer
Percentage serum antibodies: 10-
10-15%
Location: Secretions (tears, saliva, intestine, milk), blood and
lymph.
Half--life in serum: 6 days
Half
Complement Fixation: No
Placental Transfer: No
Known Functions: Localized protection of mucosal surfaces.
Provides immunity to infant digestive tract.
 Immunoglobulin Classes
IV. IgD
Structure: Monomer
Percentage serum antibodies: 0.2%
Location: B-cell surface, blood, and lymph
Half--life in serum: 3 days
Half
Complement Fixation: No
Placental Transfer: No
Known Functions: In serum function is unknown. On B cell
surface, initiate immune response.
 Immunoglobulin Classes
V. IgE
Structure: Monomer
Percentage serum antibodies: 0.002%
Location: Bound to mast cells and basophils throughout body.
Blood.
Half--life in serum: 2 days
Half
Complement Fixation: No
Placental Transfer: No
Known Functions: Allergic reactions. Possibly lysis of worms.
Allergia

Basophils
GAMMOPATIA MONOCLONALE (mieloma IgG-K, come risulta dalla IMMUNOFISSAZIONE)
GAMMOPATIA BICLONALE (IgG-k e IgA-λ, all’immunofissazione)
AUMENTO DELLE ALFA-2 E DELLE BETA (sindrome nefrosica)
“PONTE” BETA-GAMMA (pattern cirrotico)
AUMENTO DELLE ALFA-2 (pattern infiammatorio))
DEFICIT DI ALFA-1 (es., deficit congenito di alfa-1 antitripsina)