12d Model Manual

Detail Survey
Version 9.0
March 10
12d Soultions Pty Ltd

ACN 101 351 991
PO Box 351 Narabeen NSW Australia 2101

℡ (02) 9970 7117 (02) 9970 7118
support@12d.com www.12.com
Detail Survey Procedures
12d Model V9.0 Detail Survey Manual
V9.0 March 10
Disclaimer
12d Model is supplied without any express or implied warranties whatsoever.
No warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is offered.
No liabilities in respect of engineering details and quantities produced by 12d Model are accepted.
While every effort has been taken to ensure that the advice given in this manual and the program
12d Model is correct, no warranty is expressed or implied by 12d Solution Pty Ltd.
Copyright
This manual is copyrighted and all rights reserved.
This manual may not, in whole or part, be copied or reproduced without the prior consent in writing
from 12d Solutions Pty Ltd.
Copies of 12d Model software must not be released to any party, or used for bureau applications
without the written permission of 12d Solutions Pty Ltd.
Copyright © 1989 – 2010 by 12d Solutions Pty Ltd.

Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
ACN 101 351 991
All rights reserved.
March 3, 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SETTING UP TRAINING DATA 1

1.1 Copy training data to computer 1
Run install program from DVD.................................. 1
1.2 Create new project 2
Open project............................................................ 2
Create new environment configuration...................... 3
Select environment configuration.............................. 5
2.0 SETTING UP 12D 7

2.1 Title File Creation 7
Import Title File........................................................ 7
Import New Logo ..................................................... 9
Move image........................................................... 10
Scale image .......................................................... 11
Edit Company Details ............................................ 12
User Prompt Text .................................................. 13
Default Text ........................................................... 14
Save Title File........................................................ 16
2.2 Linestyles and Symbols 17
World Linestyle ...................................................... 17
Paper Linestyle...................................................... 22
2-Point Linestyle .................................................... 25
3-Point Linestyle .................................................... 27
World Symbol ........................................................ 28
2.3 Text Favourites 30
Create New Font ................................................... 30
Create Text Favourites........................................... 31
2.4 Cad control bar name 34
3.0 ADJUSTMENTS 37
Create new project................................................. 37
Enter Project details............................................... 38
3.1 Traverse Adjustment 39
Control Point Entry................................................. 39
Traverse String Entry ............................................. 40
3d Adjustment ....................................................... 42
Set Symbols and tinability ...................................... 44
3.2 Least Squares Horizontal Adjustment 45
Horizontal Adjustment ............................................ 46
Distances .............................................................. 47
Angles ................................................................... 47
True azimuths........................................................ 48
Fixed points ........................................................... 48
Initial points ........................................................... 48
March 3, 2010 i
Draw options ......................................................... 49

Output options ....................................................... 49
Control model ........................................................ 50
Calculate Initial results ........................................... 50
Calculate network adjustment ................................ 52
Update control model ............................................. 54
3.3 Least Squares Level Adjustment 55
Level Adjustment ................................................... 55
Observations ......................................................... 56
Benchmarks .......................................................... 56
Unknown points ..................................................... 56
Control model ........................................................ 57
Calculate level adjustment ..................................... 58
Update control model ............................................. 59
3.4 Transformations and Projections 60
Read in sample data .............................................. 60
Create new view .................................................... 60
Non Projection to Projection ................................... 61
4.0 FIELD CODING 63

Create new project................................................. 63
Enter Project details............................................... 64
4.1 Non Leica Feature Codes 65
Survey Setup......................................................... 65
The Feature Coding Tab ........................................ 66
The Delimiters Tab ................................................ 67
The Advanced Tab ................................................ 68
The Strings Tab ..................................................... 69
The Templating Tab............................................... 70
4.2 Leica Feature Codes 71
Survey Setup......................................................... 71
Leica Control codes ............................................... 72
4.3 Mapping File 79
The Basic branch................................................... 79
The Solid Fill branch .............................................. 80
The Symbols branch .............................................. 81
The Tinable branch ................................................ 84
Vertex Text Data.................................................... 85
Pipes..................................................................... 85
Tin Boundaries ...................................................... 86
5.0 DOWNLOADING & REDUCTIONS 87

5.1 Discussion of Instruments 87
Converting a Raw File............................................ 88
5.2 Control Model 89
5.3 Survey Data Reduction 91
Select Field Files ................................................... 92
Mapping File.......................................................... 94
Advanced settings ................................................. 94
Geodetics .............................................................. 95
Other settings ........................................................ 95
Reduce the field files.............................................. 96
The Report File...................................................... 97
Joining Strings Across Field Files ......................... 100
5.4 Plan view set up 101
View text set up ................................................... 101
Create chain ........................................................ 103
ii March 3, 2010
String height text .................................................. 105

String name text .................................................. 106
Point ID text ......................................................... 107
5.5 Field file editor 110
Field file editor setup............................................ 110
Field File Editor icons........................................... 113
5.6 Field file editing 118
Find and Replace ................................................ 118
Change Target Height.......................................... 121
Re-order Strings .................................................. 123
Close String......................................................... 125
Reverse String..................................................... 126
Templates ........................................................... 127
Manually Changing Coding .................................. 129
Deleting a Point ................................................... 132
Bearing Swing ..................................................... 133
Distance Correction ............................................. 134
Preliminary height errors ...................................... 135
Lock the Field File................................................ 137
Print the Report File ............................................. 138
5.7 Graphical Edits 139
Toolbars .............................................................. 139
Join Strings ......................................................... 139
Append String...................................................... 141
Create New String ............................................... 142
Join Many............................................................ 143
Inserting Images .................................................. 145
House cad string.................................................. 151
Editing Heights .................................................... 153
6.0 TRIANGULATION AND ANALYSIS 156

6.1 Check for crossing Breaklines 156
Reporting errors................................................... 156
Locate errors ....................................................... 157
Delete identical strings and height differences ...... 160
Fix crossing strings .............................................. 162
Re run check panel .............................................. 165
6.2 Delete empty models 166
6.3 Create Tin 166
6.4 Editing Tin 169
Tin model to back ................................................ 169
Nulling single triangles ......................................... 170
6.5 Create Tin Boundary 172
6.6 Internal Tin Boundaries 174
6.7 Checking Contours 176
Tin Flow .............................................................. 176
Flipping Triangles ................................................ 178
Slope Contouring ................................................. 179
6.8 Create Survey Data tag 182
Create Tag .......................................................... 182
6.9 Perspective View 185
Set up new view .................................................. 185
Orbit Button ......................................................... 187
Shading............................................................... 188
Pipes................................................................... 189
Drive along a String ............................................. 190
March 3, 2010 iii

6.10 Section View 191

Create section view ............................................. 191
Settings ............................................................... 192
Profile a String ..................................................... 192
Pipes................................................................... 194
Dynamic Profiling................................................. 196
7.0 PLOTTING 197

Create new view .................................................. 197
Set plot scale....................................................... 197
7.1 Label Contours 198
Create labels ....................................................... 198
Use Label Lines ................................................... 200
7.2 Label Map File 201
Label Survey ....................................................... 201
7.3 Grid Creation 204
7.4 Text Edits 205
Default Text settings ............................................ 205
Add Text.............................................................. 205
Edit Simple Text .................................................. 207
Legend & Scalebar .............................................. 209
7.5 Plot Frames 210

Place first plot frame ............................................ 210
Mosaic Plot Frames ............................................. 212
Move Plot Frames................................................ 213
7.6 Quick Plotting 214

Quick Sheet Plot .................................................. 214
Plotting using PPF Editor ..................................... 217
iv March 3, 2010
1.0 SETTING UP TRAINING DATA

1.1 Copy training data to computer
The training dvd has an install icon to create a new folder for the training workshop. Any
previous install is replaced.
This training manual is written for version 9.
Run install program from DVD

• Select install icon
• Click on <Yes> to install the workshop data
• Click on <OK> to finish the install
March 3, 2010 1
1.2 Create new project

A new project will be created to demonstrate setting up new title files, codes and text styles.
Open project
• Select 12d icon from the desktop

• Select
• Tick on Advanced check box
• Use the Folder icon to navigate to the folder C:\12d\9.00\Workshops\

SURVEY\DETAIL SURVEY
• Type in project name SETUP
2 March 3, 2010
Create new environment configuration

A configuration can be set up for this project and can be used for other projects where the
parameters such as linestyles and symbols are defined for a particular client
The configuration simply points to the environment file which in turn defines the location of
user and user library files amongst other features
• Click on the Registry Folder icon then select [Open] to open the configuration file
Highlight Environments then click on Insert icon
March 3, 2010 3
• Type in the name DETAIL SURVEY WORKSHOP

• Browse to the folder C:\12d\9.00\Workshops\ SURVEY\DETAIL SURVEY\User
then select the file env.4d
• Select [Write] at the bottom of the panel to create DETAIL SURVEY WORKSHOP
• Select [Finish] to return to the New project panel
4 March 3, 2010
Select environment configuration

Once the configuration has to be selected for this project it will remain linked to the
configuration.
• Click on the Environment configuration icon then click the explode icon
• Double click on DETAIL SURVEY WORKSHOP
March 3, 2010 5
• Click on <Create> to create the project
6 March 3, 2010
2.0 SETTING UP 12D

2.1 Title File Creation
Title blocks used for plots generated by plot frames, long sections, cross sections, pipe line
and drainage can be defined by the user.
For the purpose of defining a title block, all plots are considered to have the origin (0,0) in the
bottom left hand corner (i.e. the plot is in the positive quadrant only) and the units used in the
title block drawing commands are millimetres.
12d Model allows the user to create their own title block files from scratch, from reading in an
existing title block from a different package or by modifying an existing 12d Model title block.
For the purpose of this training, we will be modifying an existing 12d Model title block.
Import Title File

• Read in the title block file using option Plot Plotting setups Read title block
file
Ensure the Format is set to tbf
From the [User Lib], select the title block

file TITLE FILE.tbf
In the Model field, enter TITLE FILE to

create a new model to add the title file to.
• Click on <Read> to read the data into the model TITLE FILE
• Turn on the model TITLE FILE in plan view 1
March 3, 2010 7
To automatically turn on a model in a view, type the view number after the
model name in the panel where the model will be created.
8 March 3, 2010
Import New Logo

You can replace the existing 12d Solutions logo with any graphics file such as your own
company logo. We will replace it with a photo in a jpeg format.
• Delete the existing logo using String Delete icon from the Cad Delete toolbar
• Select the bottom left of the existing logo. Ensure that the logo highlights and not one
of the surrounding strings. Accept the selection and the 12d logo will disappear.
• Import the new logo using the Insert icon from the Cad Images toolbar
Select JPEG as the Format for the new

logo
From the [User Lib] select the image file

SAMPLE LOGO.JPG
Enter a nominal value of 50 in the Pixel

to mm field. We will rescale the image
later so this is not so important.
Ensure that the Model for image is the

same model as that of the title block
Use the Pick icon to locate the

bottom left hand corner of where you
would like the logo to be inserted
• Click on <Insert> to insert the logo into the title block. As the model is already turned
on, the image will appear.
March 3, 2010 9
Move image
• Move the image to better fit within the boundaries of the title block. Select option
Strings Strings edit Translate
Change the Move/Copy mode to Move
Change the Translate mode to Typed x

yz
Enter 1 1 in the xyz field to move the

image 1mm right and 1mm up
• Click on <Start>, then pick and accept the bottom left corner of the logo
10 March 3, 2010
Scale image
• Scale the image to better fit within the title block area using the Scale image icon
from the Cad Images toolbar
• Click and accept on the bottom left of the image. A green rectangle will appear as
you drag your mouse to show you the finished size of the image.
• Pick and accept the size of the image. It is a good idea not to make it as large as the
title block box as the logo will be drawn over the top of the linework.
March 3, 2010 11
Edit Company Details

You can use the text toolbar to edit the 12d Solutions text and change the details to your own
company information.
• Select Edit Text icon from the Cad Text toolbar
• Turn on the Text Snap

• Click and accept anywhere on the text to show the grip points and the text menu at
the bottom of the screen
• To change the text click on [t] key
• Type in the new information and click <Ok> then click <Escape> to finish on the text
editor
12 March 3, 2010
• Replace the rest of the text with your own company details
• To move the text around use the same option we used to move the logo. Move the
text by 1mm at a time and continually pick and accept it until it is in the correct
position.
By using the Translate option rather than the Cad Text Move Text
option you have better control over the position of the text because you can
easily move it horizontally or vertically. It is often best to use this option
when creating new lines of text, by copying and translating the existing text
and then modifying the new value.
User Prompt Text

12d Model user defined title blocks can include up to 1,000 markers for placing user defined
text which is only substituted for actual text at plotting time. The user prompt text starts off
with $user_text and then is followed by a number and the alias for the text to be plotted. For
example
$user_text<1,Description line 1>
In the Plot Frame PPF Editor this will prompt for the first line of the drawing description and
then when plotted will replace the text with whatever is typed into the plot parameter file
editor.
Take a look at an example of the user text in the title block.
• Edit the text as shown previously
• Pick and accept the text $user_text<1,Description line 1>
• Note the format the text is typed into 12d. You can edit the text to reflect your own
company requirements but be sure to keep the exact format.
The title file and aliases work seamlessly with the interactive PPF editors. In the Title block
section of the interactive PPF editors and Plotters, the user defined title block file is scanned
for any $user_text in it and it is presented as a grid containing all the aliases in the title block
with a column to fill in the values that the user wants to be plotted.
March 3, 2010 13
• Open up the plot parameter editor using option Plot Plot and PPF Editors Plot
Frames
• Expand the directory tree and open the User title info
• In the Title file field pick TITLE FILE.tbf from [User Lib]
• Note that line 1 asks for the first line of the drawing description (Description line 1).
Default Text
For title blocks, special information such as the current date and time, plotting scales etc. can
be automatically inserted into the title block.
To achieve this, special title block variables have been defined and wherever these variables
appear in a title block text command, they are expanded to their defined value. Hence the
title block variables are simply place markers which have text values substituted for them
when the title block file is used. The title block variables all begin with a $.
The title block variables which don't involve plot parameters are:
$project the current project

$plot_file the current plot file
$scale for plot frames, the current scale
$horizontal_scale for section plots, the current horizontal scale
$vertical_scale for section plots, the current vertical scale
$start_chainage for section plots, the start chainage on the plot sheet
$end_chainage for section plots, the end chainage on the plot sheet
The following title block variables take values which are passed down from the plot
parameter file for the plot:
$time The current date and time. The format for the date and
time is defined in the PPF Editor.
$page_number Page number has the starting value one, or the value
given in the PPF Editor, and is incremented by one for
each plot produced by the plot option.
14 March 3, 2010
$drawing_number_prefix The values for drawing number prefix and drawing

number postfix are passed down from the PPF Editor
$drawing_number Drawing number has the starting value one or the value
given in the PPF Editor and is incremented by one for
each plot produced by the plot option.
$drawing_number_postfix The values for drawing number prefix and drawing

number postfix are passed down from the PPF Editor
Data entered into the Projects details panel at the commencement of the project can also be
automatically inserted into the title file
• To use the project details we need to open up the details editor panel using option
Project Management Details Editor
• Click on Client
March 3, 2010 15
To insert the client name into the title file type in variable $project_detail_Client where
“Client” is the Name of the variable
Save Title File

• Open the create title block panel using option Plot Plotting setups Create/Edit
title block
Select the model your title block was created

in
The parameters are automatically filled in

according to the attributes stored with the title
file when we read it in at the beginning.
To see the attributes stored

with your title block open the
Models Attributes panel
using option Models
Utilities Attributes and
select the model where your
title block is stored
Give the File a new name, which will be the

name of your new title block. We called it
DEMO TITLE FILE
• Click on <Set> to update the stored attributes. In this instance they don’t change but
it may be that you changed the margins or any other of the parameters.
• Click on <Write> to save the new title block and then <Finish>
16 March 3, 2010
2.2 Linestyles and Symbols

Users can define their own line styles to use when drawing 12d Model strings. The definitions
of linestyles are stored in a file called linestyl.4d.
In the survey workshop additional line styles and symbols are linked to the standard 12d
ones. This is done by putting the files in the user folder and prefixing them with “user_”. So in
the case of the line styles file it is called “user_linestyl.4d”
World Linestyle
The world linestyle (worldstyle) is the definition of the style given in world or ground units.
Before we can create a linestyle we will draw a simple shape from 3 strings.
• Turn off the model TITLE FILE
• Create a new model called DEMO1 in the Cad ControlBar
• Select the Traverse icon from the Cad lines toolbar
• The starting position for our new linestyle will be 0,0, so hit the space bar to bring up
the coordinate entry panel and type in . (Note there is a <space> between the 0’s)
• Press <Enter>
• 12d is now asking for a bearing (look down in the bottom left hand corner), enter a
value of 90 (degrees).
• Again looking in the bottom left, 12d is asking for a distance, enter a value of 5
(metres).
• You have now created the first string, but 12d wants to continue with the traverse.
Press <Esc> and note that 12d will ask for the start position of the next traverse. We
will be starting the next line in the middle of the existing string.
• Select the Snaps Mid-segment icon to snap the start of the next string onto the
middle of the existing string.
March 3, 2010 17
• Follow the instructions in the bottom left of the screen (Pick and accept the segment
to snap to)
• Give a bearing of 180° and a distance of 1m
• From the end of the original string draw another string at a bearing of 180° and a
distance of 0.5m
18 March 3, 2010
To save this line style as a worldstyle, click on the lines style icon in the Cad Control Bar
Select [Edit ] from the very bottom of the list of existing symbols.
Set the Option field to Create
The Linestyle name is the name

of the linestyle as it will appear in
the list of linestyles
The Group is the name of the

group as it will appear in the list
of linestyles
Set the Linestyle type to World
Select the data to turn into a

linestyle. In this instance we used
the rectangle to draw around the
data
Set the Origin y to 0. If you don’t

do this 12d will centre the y origin
about the whole drawing. In this
case it would be -2.5.
March 3, 2010 19
• Click on <Process> to create the worldstyle. This will create the style in memory
only. You will need to write the file to your local folder if you want to use it once the
project has been restarted. But before writing the data away it is always a good idea
to check that it works.
• Create a new Plan View using option View New Plan
• Create a new Model (in the Cad ControlBar) called TEST
• Open the Linestyle selection panel.
• Note that there is a new group called DEMO and inside that group is the new style
DEMO1
• Select linestyle DEMO1
• Create a test string using the Create Line icon from the Cad Lines toolbar
• Draw a series of connected strings across the screen.

• Turn on the vertices and note that the linestyle sits right on the vertices. If you hadn’t
set the Origin Y to 0, then you would get a different result.
Origin y set to 0 Origin y not set
20 March 3, 2010
• Click on <Write> and save the linestyle.
• Click on <Write> then <Finish> to save the file to your local directory.
• Leave the linestyle editor open
March 3, 2010 21
Paper Linestyle
The paper linestyle (paperstyle) is the definition of the style given in millimeters when
plotted. In this case we will create a dashed line with some text.
• Turn off all the models in Plan 1 and create a new model called DEMO2 and set the
linestyle back to 1
• Using the Traverse option create a string from 0 0 to a point at 90° for a distance of
20m (once we convert this to a paperstyle the line will be 20mm in length when
plotted)
In order to produce a dashed line, leaving a gap of 5mm when plotted, we will also need
to create a point 5m from the end of the string already created.
• Create a point at a bearing of 90° and a distance of 5m from the end of the string
using option Bearing/Distance from the Cad Points toolbar
In the gap between the string and the point, we will add some text. The text must be in
world units and in the Text ControlBar there is already setup a list of favourites.
• Select CO-ORDINATES 1:1000 from the dropdown list.
The text control bar displays the font and text size
• Use the Create Text icon from the Cad Text toolbar to write the letter E in the gap.
22 March 3, 2010
• Pick in the gap for the insertion point of the text
Type in E
• Click on <OK>
• To reposition the text, select [V] to move the vertex then move to text to be more
central to the gap
• Press <Escape> to finish the text placement
March 3, 2010 23
This line style will be saved as a paper style

Set the Linestyle type to Paper
Select Rectangle and draw

around the data
Set the Origin y to 0. If you don’t

do this 12d will centre the y origin
about the whole drawing.
• Click on <Process> to create the new paperstyle

• Test that the new linestyle is working and then <Write> the file to your local directory.
24 March 3, 2010
2-Point Linestyle
A 2-Point Linestyle (2ptstyle) is defined by two points. It can be stretched in either one or
two directions, for example a symbol that looks like this could be stretched in the x
direction or in both x and y directions
• Turn off all the models in View 1 and create a new model called DEMO3 with a
linestyle of 1
• Use the Rectangle icon from the Cad Polygons toolbar
• Draw a rectangle from a start point of 0 0 to point 2 1 (width 2 and height 1) and a
corner radius of 0.
• Draw a diagonal line from one corner of the rectangle to the opposite corner.
Note that in this example we will create the 2ptstyle with insertion points at the mid-point
of the shorter sides and the linestyle will scale in both x & y around these points
Save this linestyle as a 2 point linestyle
March 3, 2010 25

Set the Linestyle type to 2 Point

around the data
Set the Origin1 x to 0

Set the Origin1 y to 0.5
Set the Origin2 x to 2
Set the Origin2y to 0.5
Set Stretch mode to Both directions
Set Draw mode to Every second line
• Click on <Process> to create the new linestyle

If you wanted the insertion points to be the diagonally opposite corners

of the symbol then you would set your Origin x & Origin y coordinates
to be 0,0 and 2,1.
To scale the symbol in only the x direction, set the Stretch in to One
Direction.
It is unlikely that you would want the symbol to be produced between
every vertices that you pickup, however if you do require this then set
the Draw on to Every line/arc.
26 March 3, 2010
3-Point Linestyle
A 3-Point Linestyle (3ptstyle) allows you to

control the scale in both the x and y direction,
by picking these points up in the field.
We will use the same symbol as we used to (2,1)
the create the 2ptstyle, only this time we will
have insertion points at 0,0 2,0 and 2,1.
Insertion points
(0,0) (2,0)

Set the Linestyle type to 3 Point

around the data
Set the Origin to the values

shown.
• Click on <Process> to create the new linestyle

March 3, 2010 27
World Symbol
• Turn off all the models in View 1 and create a new model called DEMO5 with a
linestyle of 1
• Create a circle at origin 0 0 and a radius of 1.5 using Centre and Radius icon from
the Cad Circles toolbar
• Use the textstyle favourite in the Text ControlBar, CO-ORDINATES 1:1000.
• Draw text (S) as shown previously, and position it in the centre of the circle.
To save this symbol as a worldstyle, click on the symbol icon in the Symbol ControlBar
Select [Edit ] from the very bottom of the list of existing symbols.
28 March 3, 2010
Set the Option field to Create
The Symbol name is the name

of the symbol as it will appear in
the list of symbols
The Group is the name of the

group as it will appear in the list
of linestyles
Set the Symbol type to World
Select the data to turn into a

symbol. In this instance we used
the rectangle to draw around the
data
Set the Origin x and Origin y to

0.
• Click on <Process> to create the new symbol.

• Test that the new symbol is working and then <Write> the file to your local directory.
March 3, 2010 29
2.3 Text Favourites

The textstyle data favourites option defines a set of text style parameters along with a user
given name. Whenever a text style needs to be used, the name of a textstyle data favourite
can be selected and the parameter values are automatically filled in.
Create New Font
• On the Text ControlBar, click on the Font icon
• At the very bottom of the list select [Edit]
• This will open up the Create/Edit Textstyle panel
Give the Textstyle name a

unique name. This will be
displayed in the list
Select the Font type from the

drop down list
Give the Font name
From the standard list of

Windows installed fonts, select
the font that you want to set.
There is no need to set the Font
Style and Size as this will be set
later inside 12d.
• Click on <Set> then write this away to your local folder and the new Font will then be
available to use inside the Text ControlBar
30 March 3, 2010
Create Text Favourites

A text favorite can be set up under the project tree option
• Select Project Tree
March 3, 2010 31
• Expand the tree to open Textstyle data favourites and double click on Create
textstyle data favourite
Fill in the panel as shown. Note that the Textstyle DEMO which we created in the
previous exercise is now available.
Set the Slant to 15º to give the effect of Italics
• Click on <Set> then write this away to your local folder
32 March 3, 2010
The favourite should appear in the list
March 3, 2010 33
2.4 Cad control bar name

A code name will now be created that will make use of a number of the features created in
this section
• Select the name pick icon
• At the very bottom of the list select [Edit]
34 March 3, 2010
Basic tab
• Fill in the last row as per the example above. No name is necessary as it will use
the key as the name. The linestyle DEMO1 we created earlier will be used here
Symbols tab
• Fill in the last row as per the example above. The symbol DEMO5 we created
earlier will be used here
Tinable tab
• Fill in the last row as per the example above.
March 3, 2010 35
Text data tab
• Fill in the third row as per the example above. The textstyle DEMO we created
earlier will be used here
• Click on <Set> then write this away to your local folder
Try selecting the name DEMO TB from the Name icon in the Cad control bar
The rest of the control toolbars are populated with the previously set up parameters
36 March 3, 2010
3.0 ADJUSTMENTS
Create new project
For the Adjustments exercise, create a new project in the DETAIL SURVEY folder called
ADJUSTMENTS
• Select Project New
Browse back up to the folder

C:\12d\9.00\WORKSHOPS\SURVEY\DETAIL SURVEY
Click on <Create>
March 3, 2010 37
Enter Project details
• Fill in the panel as per the example above.

Note that some fields are mandatory
• Click <Set> then <Finish>
38 March 3, 2010
3.1 Traverse Adjustment
Control Point Entry

Prior to creating the traverse string, we will read in 2 fixed points that have been saved away
to a 12d ascii file.
• Read in the 12da file TRAVERSE CONTROL POINTS.12da using option File I/O
Data Input 12da/4da data
Browse up to folder
and select TRAVERSE CONTROL POINTS.12da
The view DATA INPUT is created and the data is automatically turned on
• Toggle on the Point Id’s – you may need to zoom all to see your points.
March 3, 2010 39
Traverse String Entry

We will now input the traverse String between 901 and 904.
• Open the Bearing Distance Entry panel using option Survey Extras
Bearing/Distance Entry
Type in the name STN
Use the same Model that your fixed

coordinates are in
Use the pick icon to pick and accept the

coordinates for point 901
Leave the Start point id blank otherwise

you will get duplicate id’s
Type in the bearings, distances and heights

as shown
Leave the final To Pt blank otherwise you

will get duplicate id’s
• Click on <Process> to generate your traverse
40 March 3, 2010
• Before proceeding further it is a good idea to zoom into the closing point (904) and
check the misclose.
• Toggle on the vertices
• Use the option Measure Bearing/Distance icon from the Measure Edits toolbar to
measure between the vertex at the end of the traverse string to the fixed point 904
You should get 13mm if everything was entered correctly.

If the miscose is incorrect then simply edit the traverse entry panel and click <Process>
again. Recheck the misclose
• Click <Finish> on the traverse entry panel
March 3, 2010 41
3d Adjustment
The next step is to perform a 3d traverse adjustment.
• Open the Traverse Adjustment panel using Traverse adjustment icon from the
Survey Reductions toolbar
• Select Adjustment tab
• Fill in the panel as shown
Use the pick icon and type in

the point id for your Closing
Point (904). 12d will snap to
this point and you can then
accept it and the coordinates
will be filled in automatically
The Closing azimuth is the

calculated bearing between
904 and 901.
The Closing bearing is the
measured bearing between 904
and 901. You enter this in
manually.
• Select Adjustment tab
Untick the check box so that

the traverse string is adjusted
Type in a report file name
• Click on <Pick> and pick on the traverse string. The misclose after the angular
adjustment is shown.
• Note that the misclose shown here is not the same as the one shown in the graphics
as this misclose is calculated after the angular adjustment
42 March 3, 2010
• Click <Adjust> and the traverse will be adjusted and the report file will be shown.
March 3, 2010 43
Set Symbols and tinability

We will now map the survey stations to set the point type, symbol and tinability
• Select Utilities H-Z Map
Select the model SURV STATION
Tick the check box to map the models
Select the mapping file DETAIL

SURVEY V9.mapfile from the User_lib
folder
• Click <Convert>
• Toggle on the Z values and zoom in to one of the points
Note that the height is

suffixed with (nt) which
denotes that the point is non
tinable
44 March 3, 2010
3.2 Least Squares Horizontal Adjustment

We will now recreate the survey stations and perform a least squares adjustment on the
horizontal coordinates
• Firstly delete the model SURV STATION using option Models Delete Delete all
models
Untick on the check box to Permanently delete
• Click on <delete>
• Click <Yes> to confirm

A trash bin option has been included in 12d version 9.
• To retrieve a deleted model from the trash bin double click on the Trash bin icon at
the bottom right of the screen
• To restore a model tick the Select check box and then click on <Restore>
We will not restore the model
March 3, 2010 45
Horizontal Adjustment
In this exercise, rather than type all the data in, we will simply read in an input file. The input
file format can be found via the 12d forum page.
• Open up the Least Squares Horizontal Network Adjustment panel using option
Survey Adjustments Least squares network
Read in the input file to populate the panels
Browse up to folder
C:\12d\9.00\WORKSHOPS\
SURVEY\DETAIL SURVEY
and select the file HORIZ
WORKSHOP.in
• Click on <Read>
46 March 3, 2010
Distances
• Select the Distance tab
The values shown are the observed horizontal distances between each point. You can set
the standard deviation for each distance individually, or you can set the standard deviation
for all distances
Angles
• Select the Angle tab
The values shown are the angles read in a clockwise direction. Again the standard deviation
can be set for each angle or all angles.
March 3, 2010 47
True azimuths
• Select the True Azimuth tab
This section allows the entry of a fixed azimuth from a point. As we are using coordinates
only for our fixed parameters this section is not going to be used
Fixed points
• Select the Fixed tab
Points with known coordinates can be entered here or picked from the screen using the
<Add Point> button
Initial points
• Select the Initial tab
The Intial tab allows you to enter in approximate coordinates for your unknown points. 12d
Model will try and calculate the initial position for each point from the entered measurements
but for some points this is not possible
48 March 3, 2010
Draw options
• Select the Draw tab
The Draw tab is used to plot the traverse to the screen as a diagram prior to any
adjustments.
• Tick check box to Clear draw model beforehand, so that if we run it a few times we
will not create multiple strings.
Output options
• Select the Output tab
The Output tab allows you to output a report file and to save the values typed into the panel
so they can be read back in at a later date.
• Enter an Output file name (HORIZ WORKSHOP EDITED.in), a Report file name
(HORIZ WORKSHOP.rpt) and set the Number of decimal places to 3.
March 3, 2010 49
Control model
• Select the Control Model tab
The Control Model tab allows you to enter a new model, or select an existing model for the
adjusted control points. If you select an existing model, and there is a point in the model with
the same point id as a point being calculated, then rather than a new point being created, the
coordinates of the existing point can be updated after the reduction is complete
• Set the Model to SURV STN, give it a colour and set the Style to 1
Calculate Initial results

• Click on <Calc Init>
• A report file of just the initial data will be created and the model of OBS will give an
indication what the network looks like
• Turn on model OBS
50 March 3, 2010
• View the report file
The report file can be checked for errors prior to running the adjustment
March 3, 2010 51
Calculate network adjustment

• Click on <Process>
• Click <Replace> to overwrite the edited input file if recreating the file
• Click <Replace> to overwrite the report file created previously
In the graphics error ellipses are created around each of the new station positions indicating
the accuracy of the solution
Turning on the names will show the residuals
52 March 3, 2010
Errors can be located by analysing the differences in distances and angles
March 3, 2010 53
Update control model

• Return to the Control Model tab and click on <Update>
The model SURV STATION can be turned on
54 March 3, 2010
3.3 Least Squares Level Adjustment

We will now perform a least squares adjustment on the levels for the previously created
stations
Level Adjustment
In this exercise, rather than type all the data in, we will simply read in an input file. The input
file format can be found via the 12d forum page.
• Open up the Least Squares Level Network Adjustment panel using option Survey
Adjustments Level network
• Read in the input file to populate the panels
Browse up to folder
C:\12d\9.00\WORKSHOPS\SURVEY\D
ETAIL SURVEY and select the file
LEVEL WORKSHOP.lin
The Use weight allows you to weight

each observation by either Distance or
Standard deviation or to have no
weighting at all. Leave it at none
Type in LEVEL WORKSHOP EDITED
Type in LEVEL WORKSHOP
Type in 3 decimal places
• Click on <Read>
March 3, 2010 55
Observations
• Select the Observation tab
The values shown are the observed vertical distances between each point. You can set the
standard deviation for each distance individually, or you can set the standard deviation for all
distances
Benchmarks
• Select the Benchmark tab
• The values shown are the heights of all of the fixed stations.
Unknown points
• Select the Unknown tab
The Unknown tab allows you to enter in approximate heights for your unknown points. 12d
Model will try and calculate initial position for each point from the entered measurement but
for some points this is not possible. In this example we won’t use any initial levels
56 March 3, 2010
Control model
• Select the Control Model tab
The Control Model tab allows you to select the control model whose heights are to be
updated
• Choose the model SURV STATION
March 3, 2010 57
Calculate level adjustment

Errors can be located by analysing the differences in heights
58 March 3, 2010
Update control model

• Return to the Control Model tab and click on <Update>
• Toggle on the Z values for the stations
March 3, 2010 59
3.4 Transformations and Projections

We will now look at a transformation adjustment from a non-projection system to a system
with a projection.
• Firstly delete all models as shown previously
Read in sample data
Prior to performing the transformation, we will read in some sample data from a 12d ascii file.
• Read in the 12da file NON PROJECTION BDY.12da using option File I/O Data
Input 12da/4da data
Browse up to folder
C:\12d\9.00\WORKSHOPS\SURVEY\DETAIL
SURVEY and select NON PROJECTION
BDY.12da
• Click <Read> to import the data

Create new view
Prior to viewing the data we will create a second plan view. The data is divided into non
projection strings and two check points that lie in different coordinate systems so we will view
the data in separate views.
• Rename view DATA INPUT to view 2 using option View Rename
• Click back on plan view 1 and tile the two views vertically by selecting option Window
Tile Vertical
60 March 3, 2010
• Add model BDY NON PROJECTION in plan view 1 and turn on model SURV PEG in
plan view 2. Toggle off the Z values, names and point id’s in plan view 1
Non Projection to Projection

Copy the boundary string from the non projection coordinates to projection coordinates. A
common point in both systems is used to calculate the shift in coordinates
• Select option Survey Geodetics Non-projection to projection coordinates
Select the boundary string in Plan 1
Select the projection MGA94 Zone 56
Select the point in Plan 1 that has

a corresponding point in Plan 2
The corresponding point is the

southernmost control point in Plan 2
The string will be copied to the model

BDY PROJECTION
• Click on <Process> and turn on the model BDY PROJECTION in Plan 2
March 3, 2010 61
• You can check the accuracy of the translation, rotation and scale (based on your
chosen projection) by zooming in on the second control point and checking that it is
within the required tolerance.
62 March 3, 2010
4.0 FIELD CODING

Create new project
For the remainder of the training we will use a project called THE VALLEY which we will
create in the DETAIL SURVEY folder
• Select Project New

• Click on <Create>
March 3, 2010 63
Enter Project details
• Fill in the panel as per the example above.

Note that some fields can be set as mandatory by the user
• Click <Set> then <Finish>
64 March 3, 2010
4.1 Non Leica Feature Codes
Survey Setup
In this section we will look at the feature coding available in 12d for the Sokkia SDR format.
Formats such as the Topcon GTS, Trimble and Nikon are set up in a similar fashion
• Open the Survey Data Setup panel using option Survey Setup
Select type Sokkia String Feature
• Again click on select icon
• Select [Edit] at the bottom of the panel
With the exception of the Leica

1200, each instrument has its
own translation program. The
Leica 1200 handles this on the
instrument bypassing this
section of the workflow.
You can see inside the
Translation tab, the Sokkia
String Feature has its own
Translator, sdr.4do
March 3, 2010 65
The Feature Coding Tab

• Select Feature coding tab
The Feature Coding tab deals with the order in which you string the code in the field
The String number position has three options – before feature code
– no string number
– after feature code
We don’t need to worry about the Tinability position as we will use a Map File to
set up the tinability of a string
The Numeric feature coding is the number of characters for each code and is
always entered before the string number.
66 March 3, 2010
The Delimiters Tab

• Select Delimiters tab
The Command field defines the separator between the feature code/string number
and an op code command or another feature code/ string number. You must use a
character that cannot be used as part of a feature code, string number or op code
The Comment field defines the separator for comments. Note that in this example
we are using a space. Below we have used the feature code for a tree TRxxxx with a
<space> and then the description of the tree which will come through as vertex text
The Check measurement field defines a code that is used for a check shot rather
than a reading to a point.
We enter this code before the point number that you are taking a check reading to.
Below we have setup on station 902, set the backsight to 901 and taken a check
reading to 906. When this is reduced inside 12d, it will show us any errors
• For information on the other fields, press <F1> or click on <Help> and select Data
Collector Definitions
March 3, 2010 67
The Advanced Tab

• Select Advanced tab
By clicking on Comment raw files, the data from the raw survey file will be included
in the 12d Field File as comments. This can be useful for error tracking what was
actually done in the field
Allow bad line lengths is useful to be turned on if you have done any editing of your
raw file in a text editor or have created a raw file from a non native instrument (eg. An
SDR file from a Topcon instrument) as the native SDR file has a specific line length
depending upon the control code at the start of each line.
68 March 3, 2010
The Strings Tab

Select Strings tab
Close allows you close a string, that is to join the current measurement back to the
first measurement of the string. Using the *C command code the headwall string
(69HW) will close after 4 points below.
Rectangle allows you to draw a rectangle given just three measurements. That is
the current measurement and the previous two points of the string are three points of
a parallelogram and the fourth point is automatically created (and given a null height).
Rectangle by 2 pts allows you to draw a rectangle by just two points. That is the
previous two points of the string define one side and a offset defines the opposite
side. Positive being to the right. The created points are given null height
Start arc fit allows you to define the start of a three point arc (or multiples of 3 points
– 3,5,7,9….).
End arc fit allows you to define the end of a three point arc (or multiples of 3 points –
3,5,7,9….).
New String allows you to start a new string. This is most commonly used when not
using string numbers, but you can also use it if you do not want to change the string
number for the next point.
March 3, 2010 69
The Templating Tab

Select Templating tab
The Templating tab allows you to make use of a very powerful option inside 12d where you
can record your first cross section and then as you move along the defined feature, you do
not need to enter the individual feature codes, you can simply take readings, thus saving you
a lot of time in the field.
There is an example of this in the GSI file we will process in this workshop and we will look at
in more detail later in the training
If you want to see more information about this tab, click on the <Help> button and
select Data Collector Definitions
70 March 3, 2010
4.2 Leica Feature Codes
Survey Setup
In this section we will look at the feature coding available in 12d for the Leica GSI format.
Control codes are typed into the data collector and these are in turn read by the converter file
gsi.4do to create the control codes in the field file.
For the Version 9 workshop we will use the Leica GSI format as the use of string
attributes is easier to demonstrate.
• Open the Survey Data Setup panel using option Survey Setup
Select type Leica GSI 12D Codes before

measurements
• Again click on select icon
• Select [Edit] at the bottom of the panel
As control codes are directly entered into

the instrument the fields are deactivated
(greyed out)
March 3, 2010 71
Leica Control codes
A full list of the control codes can be found in the reference manual under Appendix G
72 March 3, 2010
The codes used in the workshop are listed below

BM is before measurement
AM is after measurement
Field Code Description of Record
.3 New instrument setup point
.4 Measurement to backsight
.6 Check measurement
.16 Multiply coded point
.20 Close string
.51 Start using an existing field template
.52 Finish using a field template or finish recording a field template
.55 Start recording a field template
.61 Start of arc through sets of three points until end of string
.62 End the arcs begun by a 61 command
.69 Add a real user defined attribute to the current string
.70 Add text user defined attribute to the current string
.72 Add real user defined attribute to the current point
.73 Add text user defined attribute to the current point
New instrument setup point (.3) (BM)
Word 1 .3 Word 2 Point name Word 3 Instrument height

Set up an instrument at the point with name Point name. In the reduction, the (x, y, z) co-
ordinates for Point name are found by first searching the control model, then the list of
previously named points in the reduction, point numbers of previous measurements and
finally if Point name is still not found, the user is asked to type in the (x, y, z) co-ordinates.
March 3, 2010 73
Measurement to backsight (.4) (BM)

Word 1 .4 Word 2 Station name
The next measurement is to a backsight with name Station name.
Check measurement (.6) (BM)

Word 1 .6 Word 2 Station name
The next measurement is a check measurement made to the Station name.
Additional code for point (multiply coded point) (.16) (AM)

Word 1 .16 Word 2 Feature code Word 3 String number
A new measurement point is created at the same position as the current measurement point
but with the Feature code and String number from this field code. The same point number is
used as for the current measurement point.
Close string (.20) (AM)

Word 1 .20
The current string is closed
74 March 3, 2010
Start using an existing field template (.51) (BM)

Word 1 .51 Word 2 [Template name] [mode]
Start using the template Template name. If Template name is blank, the default template is
used
If mode is "for", then the field template is used as a forward template.
"rev", then the field template is used as a reverse template.
"zig", then the field template is used as a zig zag template and is used in the
forward definition direction first.
"zag", then the field template is used as a zig zag template and is used in the
reverse direction first
If mode is blank, or 0, or anything other than "for", "rev", or "zag", then the field template is
used as a zig-zag field template starting on a zig.
Start using the template Template_name. If Template_name is blank, the default template is
used
Finish using a field template or finish recording a field template (.52) (AM)
Word 1 .52
Stops using the current field template or stops recording a field template.
March 3, 2010 75
Start recording a field template (.55) (BM)

Word 1 .55 Word 2 [Template_name]
Start recording a field template with the name Template name. If Template name is non-
blank, then the default field template is defined. The feature code and string number of the
following measurements until a Finish code (52) are stored as the field template. There is no
limit to the number of points in a field template.
Start of arc through sets of three points until end of string, or a 62 occurs (.61) (AM)
Word 1 .61
The arcs are fitted as follows - the first arc is fitted through points one, two and three, the
next arc through points three, four and five etc. If there is less than three points remaining at
the end, then no arc is fitted to the end points.
76 March 3, 2010
End the arcs begun by a 61 command (.62) (AM)

Word 1 .62
The fitting of arcs through the points of the current string is stopped. The current
measurement point is the last of the points used in the arc fitting.
Add a real user defined attribute to the current string (.69) (AM)
Word 1 .69 ]Word 2 Name] Word 3 Real
Add a real (floating point) user defined attribute to the current string.
Add text user defined attribute to the current string (.70) (AM)
Word 1 .70 [Word 2 Name] Word 3 Text [Word 4 Text]
Add a real (floating point) user defined attribute to the current string.
March 3, 2010 77
Add text user defined attribute to the current point (.73) (AM)
Word 1 .73 [Word 2 Name] Word 3 Text [Word 4 Text]
Add a text user defined attribute to the current measurement point.
78 March 3, 2010
4.3 Mapping File

Once we reduce the survey, the Mapping File converts the code that we used in the field into
linework and symbols in the graphics. At a minimum, it will give each line or symbol a colour,
style and a separate model.
• Open the Map File Create/Edit panel using option File I/O Map File
• Click on the folder icon in the Map file field and from the User Library select the file
DETAIL SURVEY V9.mapfile and select <Read>
The Basic branch

• Select Basic branch
March 3, 2010 79
The Basic tab reads the field code (Key) along with the attribute data (optional) and places
the data associated with this code in a user defined model, gives it a colour, determines if the
code is a point or a line, and gives the linestyle of the particular code. If the code represents
a symbol then the linestyle would be set to 0 or null and a symbol would be given on the
Symbols tab.
The Name column is the name given to the string or point once the map file has been
processed. As you can see, the name column is blank and therefore the name of the string
will be same as the field code (Key).
The Solid Fill branch
• Explode the Fills branch then select Solid Fill branch
The Solid Fill tab sets whether strings (closed and non-closed) are filled with a solid fill
colour.
The Name from the Basic tab is read along with the attribute data (optional) and the polyline
is then filled according the colour given. If the string is open then an imaginary string is used
to close the polyline to fill it in.
The Blend is the transparency of the fill – 1 is fully opaque and 0 is fully transparent, you can
use any number between 0 and 1 to achieve the desired result.
80 March 3, 2010
The Symbols branch
String symbol
• Explode the Symbols branch then select String branch
The Symbols tab sets which symbols are to be used on the vertices.
You can set a symbol in the vertices of a linestyle, for example, if you picked up fence posts
and wanted to show both the posts and the fence in between.
The Basic tab would set the linestyle for the fence and the Symbols tab would set the
symbol for the posts.
A more common use is to just have a symbol at the vertex such as a tree, or a light pole.
The Name of the string, as set by the Basic tab, is read along with the attribute (optional) to
nominate a symbol. The symbol can be scaled by setting the Size, given a Colour and a
rotation (Angle). If you want to offset the symbol from the actual surveyed point then you
would fill in the Delta X and Delta Y fields.
As 12d is a strings based package, there is actually no such thing as a

point. A point is actually a string with only one point. You will also note
that if you pick a point eg. a natural surface level, many of the
surrounding points also highlight. This is because they are all on the
same string joined by invisible segments. If you explode this string, then
you will get many one point strings, rather than many points.
March 3, 2010 81
Vertex symbol
• Explode the Symbols branch then select Vertex branch
Symbols can be scaled given a user defined diameter. Here we will define a symbol for the
tree foliage outline
In the example below the Species GUM has a trunk diameter of 0.8 and a foliage diameter of
18
Double click on Vertex

Att Key cell
The entered name and

data have to match the
text in the GSI file
(ignoring the prefixing
0’s)
82 March 3, 2010
Double click on Symbol cell

to select the symbol
The entered size text has to

match the text in the GSI
file (ignoring the prefixing
0’s)
A dollar sign ($) prefixed the
diameter
• Select Vertex 2 branch
An additional symbol can also be applied. Here we will define a symbol for the tree trunk
Double click on Vertex

Att Key cell
The entered name and

data have to match the
text in the GSI file
(ignoring the prefixing
0’s)
March 3, 2010 83
Double click on Symbol cell

to select the symbol
The entered size text has to

match the text in the GSI
file (ignoring the prefixing
0’s)
A dollar sign ($) prefixed the
diameter
The Tinable branch

• Select Tinable branch
The Tinable branch sets whether the vertices and segments are tinable (used in the
triangulation), not tinable (not used in the triangulation) or only the vertices (points) are
tinable. An example of where you would only want the vertices set to tinable would be for a
fence or a gate. In this case the fence and the gate themselves are not breaklines, however
the shots taken along the string would be used as natural surface shots in the triangulation.
84 March 3, 2010
Vertex Text Data

• Select Vertex Text Data branch
The Vertex Text Data branch sets parameters for drawing text at the vertices of the string
based on the comments given to the point in the field.
By using an * in the Name column, 12d will read the name of every string, check if a
comment was added to the code in the field and add the text to the data. You can assign
different fonts to different codes if you prefer by manually entering their name and then the
font details into the panel.
Pipes
• Explode the Pipes branch then select String branch
The String tab sets parameters for sizing pipes and culverts for strings, based on the name
set in the Basic Tab and attribute (optional).
In the Justify column, you can specify where you are picking up the height of the pipe
(invert, obvert or centre).
March 3, 2010 85
The Shape of the pipe, would be set to culvert if you were picking up a box culvert type
pipe, and then Size 1 and Size 2 would be the width and height of the culvert. If you are only
picking up a pipe with a diameter then Size 1 and Size 2 would both be set to the diameter of
the pipe.
In the example below a reading has been taken to the invert of a 0.225 diameter circular
sewer pipe
Double click on Att Key cell
The entered name and data

have to match the text in the GSI
file (ignoring the prefixing 0’s)
Tin Boundaries
• Select Boundaries branch
The Boundaries tab sets the parameter for a string so that when it is part of a triangulation it
is also used to null or reset any triangles. A good example of an exclude boundary would be
a house or a dam. You do not want to triangulate inside the boundary of the feature so the
Boundaries are set to exclude. If you put a boundary around your entire survey then this
would be an include boundary and anything outside of this would not be used in the
triangulation.
86 March 3, 2010
5.0 DOWNLOADING & REDUCTIONS

5.1 Discussion of Instruments
A wide range of Instrument manufacturers formats are handled inside 12d when converting
from their raw data format into 12d’s field file format.
The Leica 1200 converts the data on the instrument and outputs a field file direct to the
software and no further conversion is necessary.
When using Trimble instruments, Trimble has their own transfer software, Trimble Link built
into 12d for downloading and converting the data to 12d’s format.
Most other instrument manufacturers are downloaded and converted inside of 12d.
12d can also process XYZ files inside the field file editor, however they must be in a specific
tab delimited format –
Easting <tab> Northing <tab> Height <tab> Point No. <tab> Code (with string number before
or after the code).
For more information on each of the instrument types above, view the videos in Discussion
of Instruments inside the Detail Survey Procedures Workshop DVD which came with this
training manual.
March 3, 2010 87
Converting a Raw File

We saw in chapter 4.1 Survey Setup how to set the instrument type you are working with.
• Open the Survey Data Setup panel and set the Data collector to Leica GSI 12D
Codes before measurements
• Open the Survey Data Convert Raw panel using option Survey Convert raw
Browse up to folder
SURVEY and select raw file VALLEY1.GSI
The field file name is automatically inserted
Click on <Convert> to create the field file

• Repeat for each of the other GSI files
It is a good practice to open the output window to ensure that there are no errors found in the
conversions.
88 March 3, 2010
5.2 Control Model

Prior to reducing the field data, we will read in our station coordinates from a 12d Ascii file.
• Open the Read 12d Solutions Ascii Data panel using option File I/O Data input
12da/4da data
Browse up to folder
SURVEY and select file VALLEY SURVEY
STATIONS.12da
• Click <Read>
• A view called DATA INPUT shows the new data.
March 3, 2010 89
• Return to plan view 1 and turn on the model SURV STATION

• Toggle on the Z values and Point id’s
90 March 3, 2010
5.3 Survey Data Reduction

After downloading the data from the instrument and converting the data into 12d’s field file
format, the next step is to create the Survey Data Reduction Function.
• Open the Survey Data Reduction Function panel using option Survey Create
Field file
• Fill in the top section as shown
Use UPPER CASE as functions are sorted

alphabetically and according to case
Use lower case to put the model below

the main survey models
March 3, 2010 91
Select Field Files

• Select Field Files tab
In the Field Files tab, the last file that we converted is shown in the table. This is our field
data taken from its raw format (in this case GSI format and converted into 12d’s field file
format). We want to reduce all three files at once, so insert two blank lines above the file
shown.
• Right click on the line number and select Insert above

• Repeat to create two blank rows above VALLEY3.fld
• Add the two missing field files into the File column of rows 1 and 2 by clicking right
button inside the cell
92 March 3, 2010
• Double click on the files
March 3, 2010 93
Mapping File
• Select Map File tab
We saw previously how to set up the map file. We will now use this file in the reduction of
our data.
Select file DETAIL SURVEY V9.mapfile

from the User_lib folder
Advanced settings
• Select Advanced tab
When control points are to be used, but the field file does not contain the coordinates of the
stations, 12d will use the coordinates in the Control model and match them to a point id.
Select the model SURV STATION
Untick check box to ensure station

coordinates are not read from the field file
94 March 3, 2010
Geodetics
• Select Geodetics tab
This survey uses a total station that measures plane bearings and distances.
Our control points are in a projection coordinate system so by selecting the projection to work
with 12d will calculate and apply the scale factor to each reading.
Set the Projection to MGA94 Zone 56
Other settings
• Select Others tab
Additional settings can be set to help with the reduction including exploding point strings and
the handling of backsight and check measurements
Tick the Explode point strings checkbox to

ensure that any points are created as single
point strings
Tick the Show check measurements so

that 12d will pause during the processing
when a check measurement is created
Ti ck the Backsight prompt mode to

Prompt to once again pause 12d to view
the errors
March 3, 2010 95
Reduce the field files

• Run the reduction by clicking on the <Reduce> button
The Bearing Datum Difference panel will pop up showing the results of the backsight
reading from our first station setup 901 to station 902. A vector also appears in the graphics.
12d calculates the difference between the observed coordinates and the coordinates
contained in the control model and reports any differences in the coordinates, the bearing
and the distance
Provided the errors are within tolerance, then you can select <Yes> to Apply the Swing
12d now reports the Check Measurement from station 901 to station 905
96 March 3, 2010
• Once again if all is OK then click <Continue>

• Work through all the station setups and ensure that there are no errors in any of the
backsights or check readings
The Report File

We can now open the Report file to check that there are no errors.
Click on the folder icon in the

Report File field
Select [Open]
The report file created by the function will open in the windows default text editor
March 3, 2010 97
• Scroll all the way to the bottom of the file and you should see a list of errors
The first error is a field code called TBK that was typed incorrectly in the field. It should have
been TBL. We will do a find and replace to change this code later in the field file editing
Next you can see that there is one Information
• To find what this refers to, copy the word Information and paste it inside a search
panel and locate the word. Moving the cursor to the top of the file may be required
prior to searching
• Select Search
98 March 3, 2010
You should find that we created a template and didn’t give it a name, so the information is
simply saying that the template has no name
• Exit out of the report file
• Prior to closing down the Survey Data Reduction Function panel, it is always a
good idea to turn on all your data
• Toggle off the Text in the plan view so that you can see the data properly
March 3, 2010 99
Joining Strings Across Field Files

Note that there is a number of strings that appear to randomly join from one feature to
another point on the same feature. This is because we have picked up this data in different
field files and 12d is joining up the data according to the string name and number
To make it easier to
print this manual some
of the screen colours
have been changed.
Your road should
appear white and your
background colour
should be black.
• To prevent this, go back to the Advanced tab in the Survey Data Reduction
Function
Untick Join Strings tick box
• Click on <Reduce> to rerun the function
100 March 3, 2010

5.4 Plan view set up

Prior to performing the Field File Edits, it is a good idea to setup the view to make it easier to
work with the data.
View text set up
• Toggle the Text back on
• Toggle on the String names on
Obviously this clutters up the view and we can’t make any sense of the data without zooming
into an area. However, 12d allows you to set the zoom factor for the text to turn on or off.
We will create a chain to save this process. The chain will be saved to the User_lib folder for
use with any project using the same configuration (DETAIL SURVEY WORKSHOP)
March 3, 2010 101

• Zoom into an area where you can clearly read all the text with minimal overlap
102 March 3, 2010

Create chain
• Open the Chains panel by selecting Utilities Chains Create

The chain will be created in the User_lib folder so that other projects using the same
configuration can access it
Click on the folder icon then

click on User_lib (Don’t
walk right)
Type in file name VIEW 1 TEXT SETUP then click <Open>
March 3, 2010 103

We are going to record the next three processes we do in 12d
• Click on the record icon

The chain panel disappears and the recorder toolbar is placed at the top left of the screen
while the recording takes place
104 March 3, 2010

String height text

• Open the String Z values for Plan view panel by selecting Menu Settings Z
values
Click on <Size max> to calculate a

maximum height (in ground units) for the
points level text (You can type in a
height manually if you like)
• Click on <Set>
• Zoom out slightly to check the settings is working
• Select <Finish> to exit the panel but LEAVE THE RECORDER RUNNING
March 3, 2010 105

String name text

• Open the String Names for Plan view panel by selecting Menu Settings
Names

point name text
You can type in a height manually if you
like
• Click on <Set>
• Zoom out slightly to check the settings is working
• Select <Finish> to exit the panel but LEAVE THE RECORDER RUNNING
106 March 3, 2010

Point ID text
For the Point Id’s it is a good idea to have them turn on before the other information so we
will zoom out slightly
• Open the Vertex ID’s for Plan View panel using option Menu Settings
Point/Vertex id’s

point name text
You can type in a height manually if you
like
• Click on <Set>
• Zoom all to check the settings are working. As you then zoom in the point ID’s turn on
first followed by the names and z values
Stop the recording
• Click on the Stop record icon
March 3, 2010 107

• Click on <Write> to update the chain

Test the chain
• Delete view 1 using option View Delete
Select view 1
• Select <Delete> then <Yes> to confirm

• Add new view 1 using option View New Plan
• Add all of the models to the view
108 March 3, 2010

Run the chain
Walk right on Run chain User_lib

VIEW 1 TEXT SETUP
Open the Output window and check there were no errors in the chain
• Zoom in to a section of the survey and watch the text activate
March 3, 2010 109

5.5 Field file editor

Field file editor setup
We will now open the field file editor and place the editor on the left of the screen and place
the plan view 1 on the right.
• Open up the Survey Field Data Editor panel Survey Edit Field data
Select DETAIL SURVEY
• Click on <Edit>
This can also be achieved using the Recalc panel
Click on Edit data
Click on Pick Edit then select a string in the

survey
110 March 3, 2010

Now set the screen up so that the view takes up half the screen area and the Survey Field
Data Editor panel takes up the other half. This enables you to easily pick from either the
plan view or the panel to edit data
• Select Window Tile Vertical to float the plan view in the graphics
• Minimise the plan view DATA INPUT
• Move and resize the field file editor panel to the left half of the screen and move and
resize the plan view 1 to the right half
March 3, 2010 111

Load the Survey Data Reduction workspace
Select Read workspace Survey

Data Reduction
The toolbars Xtra Edit Reduction, Xtra Survey Reductions and Xtra Plotting toolbars are
displayed at the top of the screen
112 March 3, 2010

Field File Editor icons

Before we start the editing of the data in the field file, we will just have a look at the
functionality of the icons at the top of the screen.
Insert Goto Find/Replace Toggle To Checksight Pan
Delete Find Find by pick To Backsight To Measurement
To Insert a new command into the field data, simply click on the line where the
data is to be inserted and select the Insert icon. The New Field Data Command
panel will open.
A full list of field commands is displayed by clicking on the down arrow and the
required command can be selected from the list. Once you select a command a
new panel will appear to fill in the required information
To Delete a line from the field data, highlight the data by clicking in the line and
then either use the Delete key on the keyboard or select the Delete icon from the
top of the panel.
If an original command has been deleted then the original command is left in the
file but has a large red cross placed on the left hand side of the line to indicate that
it has been deleted.
Any original command that has been deleted can be undeleted by simply
highlighting the deleted command and pressing the Delete icon or Delete key
again
Note that the first time you delete a line the backsight and check measurement
prompts will reappear as the field is recalculated.
Make sure you select Yes to all for the backsight prompts and Continue all for
the check measurement prompts.
Don’t select Cancel as this will stop the reduction at the relevant survey reading.
To re-reduce the survey if this has occurred then reopen the Survey Data
Reduction function and select <Reduce>
March 3, 2010 113

Alternatively we could use the Recalc panel to re-run the function
Walk right on Recalc then double click

on function DETAIL SURVEY
Selecting Find brings up the Field Data Find panel.
Each of the tabs allows you to search your data

for a different object
Named find given code, string number,

point id etc.
Numbers find numbers between given

minimum and maximum.
State find a field command in a given

modification state (added,
changed, deleted, field)
Text find text containing given text.
Type find a field command of a given

type. For example "New String".
The Up/Down radio button define which direction to search in the field data.
Selecting the Find/replace icon brings up the Field Data Find/Replace panel.
114 March 3, 2010

Enter the Old and New Code and Old

and New String number fields, and the
search and replace is done using these
parameters.
The Up/Down radio button define which
direction to search in the field data
After selecting Find by pick, the user selects a point in the plan view created by
the Survey function and the field data editor will scroll to the line of the field data
that created the point
March 3, 2010 115

The toggle button allows commented information to be shown/ not shown. Simply
press the Toggle icon to move from one state to another. You can set 12d (Survey
Setup Advanced tab) to comment the raw survey file, and then toggle to THE
raw data on and off as needed. The example below shows an SDR raw file.
The To Backsight icon is visible when a measurement line has been selected
(highlighted) in the field data. When the measurement line is highlighted, clicking on
the To Backsight icon brings up the Backsight panel with the highlighted
measurement details filled in.
116 March 3, 2010

Clicking on the <OK> button will then convert the

selected reading to a backsight. The original
measurement will then be shown as deleted and
a new Backsight record created.
The To Checksight icon works the same as the To Backsight except that it
converts the reading to a check measurement rather than a backsight measurement
The To Measurement icon works the same as the To Backsight and To

Checksight icon except that it converts the reading to a measurement from a
backsight or checksight measurement
Ticked on - when a line is selected (highlighted) in the survey data editor panel, if
the point is not visible in a plan view that the model for the data is on, the view will
automatically pan so that the selected point is at the centre of the view (keeping the
same zoom factor)
March 3, 2010 117

5.6 Field file editing

We will now perform some edits on the data using the field file editor panel and Survey
Reduction toolbar
Find and Replace
The first edit that we will do is to find the TBK code that was mistyped in the field and replace
it with the correct code TBL.
• Click in the Find/Replace icon
Type in old code TBK
Type in new code TBL or select from

the list
• Click on <Find> and 12d will search the file until it finds the first occurrence of the
code in the field file and will highlight the line.
118 March 3, 2010

In the plan view a vector will be drawn from the survey station to the point highlighted
• Click on <Replace>.
As you click on replace the data will be re-reduced and 12d will search the field file for the
next occurrence of the code. The field file editor will leave an audit trail that the data has
been edited by changing the colour to magenta
• Click <Replace> again
The plan view will show the correct linestyle or symbol for each point. The point has also
been moved into its correct model according to the mapping file.
If you are changing the code to a code whose model has not been turned on
previously the string will disappear. Simply turn the newly created model on
• Repeat clicking <Replace> until all codes have been fixed
March 3, 2010 119

120 March 3, 2010

Change Target Height

There are a couple of places in the survey where we forgot to change our target height in the
field and need to update it inside of 12d.
• Click on the Find icon
• Type in 1044. As soon as you start typing, the Enter XYZ panel will pop up, it is here
that you enter the point number to find
Type in 1044 then click <Enter>
• 12d will pan to the point number and highlight it with a cross.
• If this the point that you require then press <Enter> and the field file editor will
highlight the line
• You can see that the previous point (1043) had a target height of 2.1m in order to see
over the top of a car parked on the side of the road, however the surveyor forgot to
change the target height back to 1.6m until several shots later.
• To fix this, click on the Insert target height icon from the Xtra Edit Reductions
toolbar
March 3, 2010 121

Click on the <Pick> button and pick and

accept point number 1044 (you can select
from screen or type in point number)
12d will fill in the panel with the existing target height
Enter a Target height of 1.6
• Click <Set>
The file is re-reduced and the Target Height command is inserted into the field file
We have the same problem with point 3038, so follow the same procedure and set the target
of this point to 1.6m also.
122 March 3, 2010

Re-order Strings
In the field the surveyor may pick up points along a string in the wrong order. This produces
a zigzag effect.
• Zoom into point number 2356
• Note that there is a zigzag where the surveyor decided to pick up an extra point to
better define the direction of the top of bank, but did so after picking up the next point
• To make the view clearer you may want to toggle off the Text
• Pick on the icon Order by points. icon from the Xtra Edit Reductions toolbar
This options allows you to pick the correct order the points should be in one at a time
Click on <Pick> then select the first point in

the zigzag (2356)
• Select the point that should be next along the string (2358)
12d will re-reduce the data and the string have the zigzag removed
March 3, 2010 123

• It is important to correct the zigzag in the same direction that the string was picked up
in. If you make a mistake then you can use the option Remove order from the
Xtra Survey Reductions toolbar and pick and accept anywhere on the string. The
string will return to its original state
• There is a similar problem on the string immediately north-east of the string we just
fixed that needs to also be rectified. Follow the same procedure to fix this string. The
string runs from top to bottom so the first point selected is 3019
If you have turned off the text,

rather than toggling it back on, to
determine which direction the
string is running, use the String
inquire option (F2) and pick on
one of the segments. Look for
the brg near the bottom of the
information panel to read the
bearing the segment is running
and hence the direction of the
string
124 March 3, 2010

Close String
• Zoom in near the left hand dam
The small island created where the creek bed splits up should be a closed string and the
direction of the string should show the bank leading into the bed rather than in on itself.
• Pick on the icon Close string icon from the Xtra Edit Reductions toolbar
Click on <Pick> then select anywhere on the

string to close
12d will re-reduce the file and the string will now appear as a closed polygon
The Close String command appears in the field file editor

at the relevant reading
March 3, 2010 125

Reverse String
The same string will be reversed so that the bank ticks will point down the slope
• Pick on the icon Reverse string icon from the Xtra Edit Reductions toolbar
Click on <Pick> then select the string to

reverse
12d will re-reduce the file and the string will now be reversed
The Reverse String command will be added to the field

file
126 March 3, 2010

Templates
If you are using an instrument that doesn’t have templating commands built into the software,
then you can use the template commands within 12d.
here is a section of the pickup in VALLEY2.GSI as shown in the far north west of the job,
that was done using a template, coded with the commands from 12d.
March 3, 2010 127

• The first x-section is defined by the codes FE51,

TBR52…….FE59
• Before the first reading on the cross section, we use
the command code .55 (as shown in chapter 4.2) to
let 12d know that we are recording a template and
give it a number (in this case 1)
• After defining the template, we move to the next
point on the first string and give it the control code
.51 followed by the template number and the type
(ZIG). There is no feature code given and 12d will
now apply the codes in order as we defined the
cross section for each subsequent point that is
collected
• We now zigzag back and forth collecting each cross
section and after the last point we give the code .52
followed by the template number
128 March 3, 2010

Manually Changing Coding

• Toggle the Text back on
• Zoom into point 1510
Double click on the first

attribute line inside the
Survey Field Data Editor
March 3, 2010 129

Type in the species

WILLOW. The text typed in
has to match one of the
species used in the
mapping file
• Click on <OK> to update the symbol
The file is re-reduced and

the symbol now represents
a willow tree
130 March 3, 2010

The field file editor line is highlighted magenta
If you wanted to undo this change then you could double click on the line again click on
<Reset> then <Finish>
March 3, 2010 131

Deleting a Point
To delete a point simply select the point either in the graphics or in the Survey Field Data
Editor
• Click on the Delete icon (or use the delete button on the keyboard. Ensure the focus
is on the field file editor before hitting the delete button)
The point will disappear from the graphics and will be shown with a red cross at the start of
the line in the field file editor. To undo the deletion, simply highlight it again and hit delete.
The Bearing Datum Difference panel will often pop up when you delete a point as a
safeguard in case you have deleted a backsight or an important measurement used in the
orientation of the data. If you are happy that it is only a normal measurement then you can
click <Yes to all>.
132 March 3, 2010

Bearing Swing
• Highlight point 1001 in the field file editor and click on the Insert icon
Select Backsight reference
• Click <Create>.
This will allow us to perform a swing to all subsequent readings
Enter a Bearing swing of 10
• Click <Ok>
All the subsequent readings would then be swung by 10° until it reaches the next station
setup
If you wanted to only swing a few readings then you could add another bearing swing of 0°
before the reading that no longer required the swing
Be sure to delete the swings from the field file before continuing on
March 3, 2010 133

Distance Correction
• Highlight point 1001 in the field file editor and click on the Insert icon
• From the list select Distance correction and click <Create>. This will allow us to
adjust the distances to the prism if, for example the wrong ppm were set
Type in the radial offset

NOTE. This offset is from the target back
to the instrument and NOT from the
instrument
• Click <Ok>
All the subsequent readings would have their distances reduced by 0.030 metres
If you wanted to only adjust a few readings then you could add another distance correction
before the reading that no longer required the correction
Be sure to delete the corrections from the field file before continuing on
134 March 3, 2010

Preliminary height errors
A new option in 12d allows the user to create a temporary triangulation to check contours.
Height of target errors can also be picked up here.
Firstly we will toggle on the contours and set up the contour increment
Select Menu Settings Tins
Tick the check box to Draw triangle contours
Set an appropriate increment for the minimum and

maximum interval
• Click on <Set> then <Finish>
Select the Tin Quick icon from the Tin Utility toolbar
Select view 1
Select an appropriate colour
March 3, 2010 135

• Click <Window>
Pick and accept the

opposite corners of the
proposed tin
Tinable points inside the rectangle are used to create the tin. Note that this is a temporary tin
and as such has no nulling parameters and can’t be retriangulated. It is for previewing only
The tin can be recreated as many times as required

To delete the tin select option Tins Delete Delete a tin
Select the tin 12d Quick Tin
Tick each check box to delete the tin model and to

permanently delete the tin
136 March 3, 2010

Lock the Field File

Once you have finished all the possible field file edits, you should always lock the field file.
This will prevent any graphical edits that you make being lost if the field file is accidently re-
reduced at a later stage.
• Select <Finish> in the Survey Field Data Editor to close the panel down and
maximize Plan view 1
• Click on the Lock function icon from the Xtra Edit Reductions toolbar.
Select the function DETAIL SURVEY
Tick on the Lock mode checkbox
• Click on the <Set> then <Finish>
If you perform a string inquire on any point or

string in the graphics, you will see that it is
linked to a function (DETAIL SURVEY) and
also which Field file (VALLEY1.fld) the data
came from.
Once we start to perform the graphical edits,

this link will be lost on any point or string that
is edited. This is because the data is now as
a result of this edit and not from reducing the
raw data.
Therefore if we didn’t lock our field file and

re-reduced the data then we would end up
losing our graphical edits and producing
multiple strings.
March 3, 2010 137

Print the Report File
• Click on the Print report icon from the Survey Reductions toolbar to open the
Edit a file *.rpt panel
Select the file DETAIL SURVEY.rpt
• Click on the <Edit>

The report file is opened inside your text editor. The file reflects all the edits that were made
inside the field file editor. You can check this by looking at the target height of point number
1044
Print the file and keep as a record
138 March 3, 2010

5.7 Graphical Edits

Toolbars
We will close the Survey Data Reduction workspace by reading the default Workspace
Select Read Default Workspace
The toolbars Xtra Edit Reduction, Xtra Survey Reductions and Xtra Plotting toolbars are
removed from the top of the screen
Join Strings
Joining the gaps in the strings can be done using a number of options. The first one we will
look at is the string join option. This assumes that we are joining from the end of one string to
the start of another with the same properties. To help with this we use a method called
Picking with Direction. This way we don’t have to worry about reversing strings to ensure
that we join between the two correct ends of the strings.
Zoom in to the gap between point 1232 and 2112
• Click on the Strings join icon from the Xtra Edits toolbar
March 3, 2010 139

• Pick on the first string, but when you do it, hold the left mouse button down and drag
the mouse towards the gap in the string. Then release the mouse button. Click
middle button to accept
• Pick on the second string, once again hold the left mouse button down and this time
drag away from the gap that you wish to join. Click middle button to accept
Click, hold, drag, release

Click, hold, drag, release
12d will automatically set the properties of the string to match the properties of the first string
that you pick
• Repeat this same procedure to join all the gaps in the survey.
• To reverse strings that are flipped using this process click on the Strings join icon
from the Xtra Edits toolbar and select the strings to reverse
`
140 March 3, 2010

Append String
Where the end of a string has to be joined to middle of another string or the two strings have
different properties, we cannot use the join string command (this only does end to end). In
this case we use the Append point option.
• Zoom in to the area where the two centerline of drain strings intersect at point 1115
• Click on the Append point icon from the Xtra Edits toolbar
Pick the end of the string where you want

to append from
Pick and accept the point that you want to

append to
• Press <Esc> to finish but note that 12d still stays in the option so you can continue
appending the next string
March 3, 2010 141

Append the bottom of bank string at point 2086 to the top of bank string at point 1078
Pick the end of the string where

you want to append from
Pick and accept the point that

you want to append to
• Repeat this same procedure to join all other gaps in the survey.
Create New String
The last type of join is where we can create an independent Cad string between two points.
The string properties are set from the Cad ControlBar.
We can set these either by selecting the name of the string in the Name field, or by using the
eyedropper icon to match the existing properties of a string already created.
• Zoom in near the dam in the south west

• Use the eyedropper to match the properties of the top of bank string, 12d will fill in the
Cad ControlBar with the same properties. The Default Tinable field will show blank
and this means that the tinability is set to Yes by default.
Note that if you picked on the string then the properties of the vertex will not be set, therefore
any points we create will not have the point cross shown. In order to fill in both the string and
point properties, we need to pick a point on the top of bank string
• Click on the Create Line icon from the Cad Lines toolbar
• Pick and accept on the end of one string and then on the end of the other
Note that there are three separate strings created, so the original two strings have not been
joined but a new string has been created between them
142 March 3, 2010

Join Many
Another type of join is the Join Many command. You will notice that there is a sewer line
running through the job with a sewer manhole and an invert level at the centre of the pit. We
will need to join the sewer line to the invert level and then continue down the remainder of
the pipe.
1
2
• Click on the String Join Many icon from the Cad Strings toolbar
• Pick with direction towards the gap on the first pipe segment. Be sure to pick the
string, not the end point
• Zoom in on the manhole by itself and pick the invert level. Be sure to pick the invert
of the pipe (SEW) and not the manhole itself. The pipe will then join to this level.
March 3, 2010 143

As we are using the Join Many option we can now pick with direction towards the next gap
anywhere along the 3rd segment.
• Finally we can pick and accept anywhere with direction along the 4th segment. We
now have just one complete pipe string along the sewer line
144 March 3, 2010

Inserting Images
Images such as digital photos taken during the survey can be inserted into the graphics
either individually or as a group which matches a photo to a point id
Single photos
• Zoom in to the dam on the left as shown below. Ensure the text is toggled off
• Pick on the Insert icon from the Cad Images toolbar
March 3, 2010 145

Select the Format, JPEG
Select the file DAM.jpg from the folder

C:\12d\9.00\WORKSHOPS\SURVEY\
DETAIL SURVEY
Use the Pick icon to select the lower left

hand corner of where you would like to
place the image
Set the Pixel to mm to 5
• Select <Insert> and the image will

appear Select the model photos which includes
the photo direction points
The image can be rescaled or moved using other options in the Images toolbar
• Click on the Scale Image icon from the Cad Images toolbar
146 March 3, 2010

• Pick and accept the bottom left hand corner of the image
A rectangle will appear to show you the size of the image.

• Drag the rectangle to the requires size then Pick and accept
We can now move the image to centre it better inside the dam
• Click on the Move Point icon from the Cad Vertex toolbar
• Pick and accept the insertion point of the image and move to the required position
Using the option Move Point in the

Cad Vertex toolbar is a better
option than using Move Image in
the Cad Images toolbar, as it also
moves the insertion point. This is
not the case for Multi symbols
where the photo direction point
should stay in its original point
March 3, 2010 147

Multiple photos
Photos can be renamed to match the point number of the survey point that they were taken
from.
Eg A photo called P1023 would be linked to the survey point 1023
The photos should be renamed prior to running the option and should be put into one folder
(this may be the working folder)
• Click on the Insert Many icon from the Cad Images toolbar
Select the model photos which contain

the photo points
Select the folder that contains the

photos. In this case select
C:\12d\9.00\WORKSHOPS\SURVEY\D
ETAIL SURVEY
Type in the values as shown for the size

and offsets of the images once inserted
• Click <Read> to locate the photos
148 March 3, 2010

The photos are listed

To remove a photo from the listing click
on the mage name and click on <Delete>
Remove the photo DAM.jpg
• Click <Process> to import the photos into the model photos
• Zoom in to the tree photo as shown below
The photo can be moved off the survey point
• Click on the Move image icon from the Cad Images toolbar
March 3, 2010 149

150 March 3, 2010

House cad string
During the survey, we located two sides of a building and we will now construct the
remainder of the building using cad options.
• Zoom into the area of the housing allotment
Before creating the strings we want to match the string properties of the house
• Select the Sameas icon from the Cad Control Bar

• Pick on one of the house line end points
To create the two additional corner points of the house we will intersect two distances
• Pick on the 2 Distances Intersect icon from the Cad Intersect toolbar
• Pick and accept point number 7182 and enter a distance of 24.17 <Enter>
March 3, 2010 151

• Pick and accept point number 7179. This time we need to make a tentative pick (a
pick without the accept) somewhere near where the point should be
• Type in distance 22.54 <Enter>
• We can do the same thing to create a point using an intersection of 15.85 from point
number 7181 and 11.26 from point number 7180
• We can now use the Join Many option to join the strings and points together
(remember to pick with direction)
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Once we get to the last point we created, if you try to join back to the start, you will find that
the option fails. This is because you cannot join a string back onto itself.
• Instead you can use the String Close command from the Cad String toolbar to close
the string off and create a closed polygon
Editing Heights
If you toggle back on the Text, you will see that the new points that were created all have the
same height as the first point selected.
We can edit these heights. The first point we created will be given the height of the boundary
at the perpendicular of the point dropped onto the boundary.
March 3, 2010 153

• Click on the Point Height icon fron the Cad Vertex toolbar
• Pick and accept the point to open the Typed Input panel
• Click on the More Information icon and from the list select String from Point
• Click on the fence line and accept.
• As you move the mouse back and forth a rubber band line appears perpendicular to
the fence and the height value updates according to the position of the cursor
Click on the newly

created house corner
• Click back in the panel and press <Enter>. The new z value will be given to the point
154 March 3, 2010

The second point we created will have the same z value as the closest point on the driveway.
• Pick and accept the point to open the Typed Input panel
• Click on the More Information icon and from the list select Point
• Click and accept on the point at the corner of the driveway
• Click back in the panel and press <Enter>. The new z value will be given to the point
March 3, 2010 155

6.0 TRIANGULATION AND ANALYSIS

6.1 Check for crossing Breaklines
Prior to forming the triangulation you should always check to see that there are no crossing
breaklines. This will also check to see that there are no duplicate strings, or points with
different z values.
Other than the crossing breaklines, the errors are not in the GSI files. If
you wish to have the identical strings and the different z value errors,
you will need to read in the 12da file SAMPLE ERRORS.12da from the
folder C:\12d\9.00\WORKSHOPS\SURVEY\DETAIL SURVEY
Reporting errors
• Open the Check Breaklines, Duplicate Vertices and Identical Strings for panel
from option Tins Check breaklines
• Fill in the panel as shown
We want to check all our data

across all models so select View
1 as the Data to check
Enter the model name errors for

the new data to be created.
Select colour magenta
Tick on Clean models

beforehand as we will need to
run this option again to check our
corrections
Type in report file name

ERRORS
• Click on <Check>
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The error report will open automatically in your text editor
Note that we have four crossing breaklines, one identical string and one occurrence of two
points having the same X and Y values but different Z values
Locate errors
• Exit the report file and move the Check Breaklines panel off the screen to give you
more workspace
Don’t finish the panel off, or you will need to fill all the information in again later
• Create a new plan view using option View New Plan

• Tile the two views vertically using option Windows Tile Vertical
• To help identify the errors, turn on the model error in both views.
March 3, 2010 157

Note that in Plan view 2 it is far easier to detect the errors than it is with all the data turned
on in Plan view 1
• You can also locate the problem areas by opening the Output Window and looking
for the lines that start with an
• Click on one of the lines and crosshairs in the graphics will point to the problem
• To remove the crosshairs, in the Output Window, right click on the highlighted line
and select Deselect current
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Delete identical strings and height differences

We can start to fix up the problems by deleting the identical string. You can do this in plan 2
• Click on String Delete icon from the Xtra Edits toolbar
• Pick and accept the fence string
We will now fix the problem with the two points with the same X and Y values but different
heights
Firstly we will link Plan 1 to Plan 2 so that as we zoom into a string in Plan 2 the same zoom
will display in plan 1
• In plan view 2 select option Menu Utilities Autosync plan view
Select target view 1
• Move the panel to the bottom of the screen
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• Zoom in to the error circle in plan view 2
There are actually two points, one on top of the other
• Click on Vertex delete icon from the Cad Delete toolbar and delete the incorrect
point. In this case we have found it is the point with the height of 161.089
.
Use the Delete String icon to delete the circle.
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Fix crossing strings
Finally, to fix the crossing breaklines, there are a number of different options that we can use
• Working from left to right, zoom into the first problem at point 2275
We could just insert a new point into the

string running north-south, at the end of the
other string and this would fix the problem.
However, we will instead trim the overlap
and then insert a point into the string
running north-south. We cannot just trim
the data as this will still cause a crossing
breakline because the z values are unlikely
to match perfectly.
• Click on String Trim icon from the

Xtra Edit toolbar
At the bottom left of the screen 12d prompts

for the cutting edge string
• Select the string running north-south

• Pick and accept on the end of the
crossing string. Ensure that you pick
the correct side of the string you wish
to trim
• To insert the point, click on Insert
point icon from the Xtra Edits
toolbar
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• Pick and accept the segment you want

to insert the new point into
• Pick and accept the end of the crossing
string
• Delete the diamond around the intersection to show that we have fixed the problem
using String Delete icon from the Cad Delete toolbar
We have now resolved the first crossing breakline problem so we will move onto the next one
at point 3024.
• Zoom into the second intersection
On this occasion we will simply move one point onto the

top of the other point and match the z value of the new
point
• Click on Move point (including Z) icon from the

Xtra Edit toolbar
• Pick and accept the point 3024

• Pick and accept the second point 3077
• Delete the highlight diamond
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Zoom in to point 7156 using the window from view 2
The last problems show that the driveway has slightly overlapped the road. We won’t bother
to trim the driveway string this time, instead we will simply insert the points at end of the
driveway into the road strings.
• Use the Insert point command to insert a point at the end vertices of each driveway
string
• Remember to delete the diamonds
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Re run check panel

We will now re run the Check breaklines panel to ensure that we have actually fixed all the
problems. If you didn’t close the panel down, slide it back into the screen. If you did close it
done, you will need to start the option again and fill in the panel.
• Click <Check>
A warning will pop up to tell you that the report file already exists.
• Click on <Replace> to overwrite the existing file
We should now get an empty report file. You may however, find that the report file says that
there are points with the same z value. This is most likely due to rounding errors, just check
that the values are the same and delete the circles if you are happy with the heights
• Delete plan view 2 and maximize plan view 1
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6.2 Delete empty models

Before creating the triangulation it is always a good idea to delete any empty models
• Open the Delete Empty Models panel using option Models Delete Delete
empty models
Click the down arrow to see a list of the

empty models
• Click <Delete all>
6.3 Create Tin

• Ensure that all your data is turned on in plan view 1
• Open the Triangulate a Data Source panel using option Tins Create
Triangulate data
• Select the General tab
Type in function name TIN GROUND
Type in tin name GROUND <Enter>
Select colour green
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• Select the Data tab
Select view 1
• Select the Nulling tab
Tick on Apply Nulling
Change the length to 50
• Click on <Triangulate>
• Change the contour interval as shown previously back to 1 and 5 metres
March 3, 2010 167

• Turn on the model tin GROUND in Plan view 1 and toggle off the contours
• Move the Retriangulate Tin panel off the screen, but do not shut it down
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6.4 Editing Tin
Tin model to back

When looking at the triangles, it is often difficult to determine whether it is a triangle or a
string. For this reason it is a good idea to move the tin to the back of the model list.
• Zoom in to the bottom of the road
• Open the Models to Back panel by selecting Menu Models Models to Back
and select model tin GROUND
The survey line work will now be shown over the top of the triangulation
We can now more easily determine which triangles are not supposed to be part of the
triangulation.
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Nulling single triangles

Open the Null by points panel by selecting Tins Null By points and select model tin
GROUND
Select the tin GROUND
• Zoom in to the bottom of the road
Immediately to the left of the road there is a triangle that should not be part of the
triangulation.
• Zoom in close to the centre of the triangle (so that a point is not snapped to) and pick
and accept anywhere inside the triangle.
• By holding the <Ctrl> key down on the keyboard, we can use the middle mouse
button to pan around the entire job and check for other triangles that need nulling.
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At the northern end of the road you will find three triangles that need to be nulled.
• To exit out of the pan mode, press the right button on the mouse once (this will then
return us to the null triangles mode) and then pick and accept each triangle
• Continue around the entire job paying particular note to the end of the drainage
strings. A triangle should not join between the opposite tops of banks
March 3, 2010 171

6.5 Create Tin Boundary

We will create a boundary string around the outside of our survey and incorporate it into the
triangulation so that if we ever need to recalculate our triangulation then the work we did with
the nulling will not be lost.
• Open the Create Boundaries for Tin panel using option Tins Boundary
Select the Tin to “shrink-wrap” the boundary around
For the Model for boundaries, it is a good idea to

select the tin model and add the suffix BDY. This way
we always know which boundary relates to which tin.
Adding “,1” after the model name will automatically
turn the model on in View 1
• Click on <Create> and <Finish>

• Call up the Retriangulate Tin panel from the bottom of the screen and select the
Nulling tab
Clear the previous values prior to selecting the

null polygon
Select the pick icon then pick and accept the

boundary string
The reason for clearing the original nulling values is that the values are still used in addition
to the nulling boundary. If a triangle was reset (undeleted) at the edge then although the tin
boundary is formed out on the reinstated triangles the reset triangle will be deleted as per the
nulling values. See example below
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• Click on <Retriangulate>
March 3, 2010 173

6.6 Internal Tin Boundaries

If you zoom into the house that we created earlier, you will notice that there are triangles
running through the house polygon.
We could now make the house string an exclusion boundary similar to the dam strings so
that when triangulating, no triangles appear inside the house.
• Open the Tin Include/Exclude Boundaries panel using option Tins Null
Include/exclude
• Click on <Pick> and pick and accept the house string

• Set the Boundary mode to exclude
• Click on <Set>
• In the Recalc panel, walkright on Recalc TIN GROUND.
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The triangulation will be recalculated and the triangles inside the house will be removed
March 3, 2010 175

6.7 Checking Contours

• Toggle on the Tin contours using the toggle icon
Zoom and pan around the data and make a visual check for any errors in the contours.
The things to check for are that the contours change direction when crossing a breakline,
and that there are no strange “pyramids” where the contours appear to run to a point.
The steeper the ground the more uniform the contours appear to be and the flatter the
ground the more jagged or irregular they appear. It is often difficult to check the flat ground
for this reason
Tin Flow
• To help see the actual flow of the ground, toggle on the Tin flow using the Toggle
icon.
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This will produce an arrow for each triangle with the direction that surface is flowing
indicated.
• You can also toggle off the Tin contours to show only the flow arrows
March 3, 2010 177

Flipping Triangles
• Set the graphics up so that the Tin contours and Tin edges are the only things
toggled on.
• Zoom in to point 3613
• Open the Flip Triangle panel using option Tins Edit Flip triangle
Select the Tin to edit
The Models for breaklines needs to be

included in your tin, so to make things easier
add the new breaklines to the TOPO CHANGE
GRADE
• Pick and accept the edge of the triangle that you want to flip (From pt 3563 to 3354).
A breakline will be added to your data ensuring the triangles run along the flipped
line.
If you are unhappy with the result of the flip, simply delete the breakline string and
recalculate the triangulation.
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Slope Contouring
Another option that we can use to analyse the slope of the ground is to colour each triangle
based on the slope.
• Toggle off the Tin edges and Tin Contours
• Open the Slope Analysis Colour panel using option Tins Colour Slope
Colouring
Select the Tin
We will create a new Range file so click on the icon

and select [Open]
Give the Range file a name
Fill the panel as shown. This is a simple example

that could be used to show areas that cannot be
built on. That would be areas shown as red are too
steep.
• Click on the <Write> then <Finish> button to save the file

• Back in the Slope Analysis Colour panel, pick the new slope file in the Range file
field
• Click on <Slope>
March 3, 2010 179

Each triangle will be give its own colour based on the range file.
• To give a more dynamic view toggle on Tin Solid
• To reset the colour of the tin, open the Reset Colour of Triangles panel using option
Tins Colour Reset
• Click <Reset>
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March 3, 2010 181

6.8 Create Survey Data tag

A tag (grouping) of all of the survey data along with the ground tin can be created to make it
easy to turn the survey on or off. Tags can also be used when filtering data.
Create Tag
• Select option Project Management Tags
• Click on Tags then select the Insert icon
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• Select the Details tab
For Tag name type in DETAIL SURVEY
The computer name and date are

included in the tag
Click on [Update details]
• Select the Tag objects tab
Select view 1
Click on Tag Objects
Click on [Update details]
March 3, 2010 183

The tag SURVEY DATA has been created
• Click on <Finish> to exit the panel
184 March 3, 2010

6.9 Perspective View

We will now analyse the data in a perspective view
Set up new view
• Open a new Open GL perspective view using option View New Perspective
Open GL
• Add the DETAIL SURVEY tag models using option Menu Models Add tagged
models
Select the tag DETAIL SURVEY
March 3, 2010 185

186 March 3, 2010

Orbit Button
• Click on the Orbit button
• By holding the left mouse button down you can rotate around the graphics up and
down or left and right
You can zoom in on the graphics using the scroll wheel on the mouse the same as you
would in a plan view or use the options in the Orbit panel
March 3, 2010 187

Shading
• Toggle on the Shade
• To change the angle of the shading open the Shade View panel using option Menu
Settings Shade
• Select the Angle tab
We can manually enter an Angle to change

the contrast
• Select the Sun position by time tab
If we are in a published coordinated system

such as the one being used in this job, then
you can set the angle according to the
position of the sun as shown
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Pipes
• Zoom in on an area where the pipes go under the road
• Toggle off the Shading
Note that the pipe is shown in the perspective view as a solid circular string
March 3, 2010 189

Drive along a String

• Toggle back on the Shading
• Assuming that the crown of the road was joined correctly to be one complete string,
we can drive along this string. Open the String Drive for View panel using View
Drive icon
Change the eye height to make it easier to see

along the road
Pick on the String to drive along icon

Zoom in on the road and pick and accept the
crown string
Tick on Repeat so that once we get to the end

of the road 12d will start the drive again.
• Click on <Drive>
• To pause the drive simply click Right button or press <Escape> anywhere in the
view
In the perspective view, the selected string does not highlight. It is therefore
important that you look at the information panel to see that you have selected
the correct string.
In this example we are looking for the model ROAD CROWN
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6.10 Section View

We will now check parts of the survey in a section view
Create section view
• Close down the Orbit panel and minimize the perspective view
• Select menu View Create Section view
Type in LONG for the long section view

name
• Click on <Create> to create the view
• Tile view 1 and section view LONG to make it easier to navigate between them using
option Windows Tile Vertical
March 3, 2010 191

Settings
Before profiling any string in the section view we need to turn on any models that we wish to
see included in our profile.
• Add the models DRNGE PIPE, SEWER PIPE and tin GROUND. Note that even if we
zoom all, nothing will show in the section view until we have profiled a string
• Set the vertical exaggeration to 2x
• Turn off the tin in plan view 1

Profile a String
The first profile we have a look at will be the long section of the road centreline.
• Click on the View Profile icon
• Zoom into anywhere along the road and pick and accept the centreline
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• As we move the mouse back and forth along the section view, you can see a dynamic
link to the plan view to show exactly where the vertical matches the horizontal
geometry
March 3, 2010 193

Pipes
• In the section view move your mouse, back and forth until the cross in the plan view
passes over one of the culverts in the road
• Zoom into this area in both the plan and section view
Note that the pipe is shown in the section view and that the cursor in the section view
matches the cross in the plan view
We will now profile the sewer pipe
• Zoom into the area where the sewer pipe crosses under the road and note that you
can see the same thing
• In the section view, pick on the View Profile icon and pick and accept the sewer pipe
• Change the exaggeration to 5x
• Toggle on the Grades to see the as-constructed grades
194 March 3, 2010

• To see the coverage of the pipe, open the Depth From String to Tin Inquire panel
using option Tins Inquire Depth from string
Select the Select the String

Tin to to calculate the
calculate the depths to
depths from
The depths to the Invert, Centre and Obvert of the pipe will be shown as you move your
mouse back and forth along the string. The pipe diameter, and coordinates are also shown
in the message box at the bottom of the panel
March 3, 2010 195

Dynamic Profiling
• Use the right mouse button to click on the View Profile icon in the section view.
select 2 points from the menu
• Click on the <Start End pts>

• Select a point in the lower left of the data. A profile from the first point to the cursor
position is automatically calculated and displayed in the section view as the cursor is
moved around the view
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7.0 PLOTTING
Create new view
• Create a new view using option View Create Plan view and call it PLOT
SETUP
Type in PLOT SETUP for the plan view name
• Turn on all the survey models (either use the button or adding tagged models)
• Turn off the models tin GROUND and tin GROUND BDY
Set plot scale
The proposed plot scale is to be 1:500 and this needs to be set prior to any placement of the
text
• Select the Set plan Plot Scale icon from the Xtra Display toolbar
Type in 500 for the scale
• Click on the <Set> then <Finish>
March 3, 2010 197

7.1 Label Contours

Create labels
• Label Contours using the panel Tin: Contour, Smooth and Label by selecting Tin
Contour Contour, Smooth and Label
Type in function name CONTOUR

GROUND
Select the Tin to contour
Type in contours for the model name
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• Click on the Major Contours tab
Type in contours major for the model name
• Click on the Labels tab
We only want to Label major contours so tick

this on
Select Line removal and centred line uphill
Set the Textstyle data to CONTOUR LABEL

1:500 which has been stored as a favourite
Set the Start dist and Separation to a value

that will be the distance between each label
• Turn on the two new models contours and contours major
March 3, 2010 199

Use Label Lines

Under the Labels tab we also have the option to use label lines. These are lines that are
drawn through the survey and the labels will only be placed where they cut the contour.
• Set the Cad ControlBar as shown
• Use the Create line icon from the Cad Lines toolbar to draw a series of lines through
the data, along the ridges
• In the Tin: Contour, Smooth and Label panel, under the Label tab, select the model
in the Model of label lines
• Click on <Process> again and note the labels now follow the lines created
You can delete the model cut labels, remove it from the panel and reprocess the contours
200 March 3, 2010

7.2 Label Map File

The next step is to label the data. A Label Map File is used to label the data with heights,
point numbers, codes etc.
Label Survey
• Open the Label Data by Label Map File panel using option File I/O Use Label
map file
The data to label will be everything on

view PLOT SETUP
From the [User Lib] select the label

map file DETAIL SURVEY
TRAINING.lmf
As we want to put all the labels into

separate models, untick Use models
for labels to prefix the existing
models
Give the models a prefix to place the

labels into
• Click on the <Label> button
Open the Label Map File by clicking on the Mapping info icon and
selecting [Open]
Take a look at the Point ID Text Data, Height Text Data, Name Text
Data and Vertex Attribute Text Data tabs to see how 12d will place the
labels in the graphics.
This option creates models for all the data whether there are labels to be applied or not so
we need to delete the empty models first
• Select option Models Delete Delete empty models
March 3, 2010 201

• Turn on the following models
• Zoom in to a sewer manhole
Labelling uses the following parameters
Manhole name
Manhole level
Manhole attribute (Depth to invert)
Pipe level
202 March 3, 2010

• Zoom in to a photo point
Labelling uses the following

parameters
Point id of photo point
• Zoom in to a survey station

parameters
Station Point id
Station attribute (type)
Station level
• Zoom in to group of trees to the left of the dam at the left of the survey

parameters
Tree attribute (Comment)
March 3, 2010 203

7.3 Grid Creation

• Toggle on the Grid
• To set how the grid will look when it is plotted out, open the Grid on View panel using
option Menu Settings Grid
Change the grid mode to marks and

crosses
Change the grid to 50m x 50m
Give the labels a Pre and postfix of E*m

and N*m
Change the text plot height to 3.5
Set the cross size to 5
• Click on <Set> and you will see a preview of what the plot will look like. The grid labels
will obviously sit just inside the plot frame
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7.4 Text Edits

Default Text settings
• In the Cad ControlBar click on the Name icon and select .TEXT ROAD NAMES
This will setup the model, colour and textstyle for the road labels we are about to create
Add Text
• Click on the Create simple text icon
• Pick and accept a point in the graphics near where you would like to insert the text
• In the Typed Input panel, enter the name of the road
Type in the road name
• Click on <Ok>
March 3, 2010 205

Once the text is placed, the text has three locks which allow you to edit the position, rotation
and size of the text
Size
Position
Rotation
• To move the text, click the Position lock and pick and accept the new location.
• To rotate the text, click and accept the Rotation lock. As you move the cursor, the
text will rotate.
• If you wish to align the text with another feature of the graphics you can use the
keyboard shortcuts described in the message window at the bottom left of the screen
• To make the text parallel to the centerline of the road, type ‘t’, then pick and accept
the road centreline
• If the text appears upside-down, type ‘n’ to flip it over
• To scale the text, click on the Size lock and move the cursor. To set the height to an
exact value, simply type the value in. The Typed Input panel will appear as soon as
you start typing
• To finish editing the text click on <Escape>
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Edit Simple Text

• Zoom in to one of the drainage pipes.
We can use the Edit Simple Text icon to move and change the text
• Pick and accept the invert level text

• Using the Position lock move the text
March 3, 2010 207

• Using the Rotation lock make the text parallel to the pipe
• Press <Escape> to finish the edit for that piece of text.

Note that the option is now ready to pick a new piece of text
208 March 3, 2010

Legend & Scalebar

To add a legend and scalebar, we have created it in plotting coordinates, in the position it
would appear in the title block and written the file out to a 12d ascii file. You can read the file
back into your project.
• Open the Read 12d Solutions Ascii Data panel using option File I/O Data Input
12da/4da data
Select the file LEGEND 500.12da from the

User Lib folder
• Click on <Read> to import the file

• Check the data in the DATA INPUT view
• We will not use this model until we start plotting so ensure the model is not turned on
in the PLOT SETUP view
March 3, 2010 209

7.5 Plot Frames

Place first plot frame
As we are going to plot this drawing at 1:500, we will insert one plot frame and then create a
mosaic of frames to cover the entire drawing.
• Open the New Plot Frame Create panel using option Plot Plot Frames Create

SURVEY\SETUP and select the title block file
DEMO TITLE FILE that we created earlier
Most of the panel is automatically filled in from

the title file attributes
Type in plot scale 500
Pick on the Origin icon and pick and accept a

point in the lower left of the graphics
Turn off the Draw viewport border and Draw

viewport border
• Click on <Create>
The New Plot Frame Edit panel will open
210 March 3, 2010

• Turn on the model pfa1survey
• Use the <Translate> button to position the plot frame correctly
• In the New Plot Frame Edit panel, select <Set> and <Finish>
March 3, 2010 211

Mosaic Plot Frames

Once the first plot frame is placed, we can then copy the frame to cover the entire drawing
• Open the Plot Frame Copy panel using option Plot Plot frames Copy
Select the model of the existing frame
Type in 390.5 <space> 0. The x value is the distance

across the plot frame allowing for the margins and the
scale of 1:500
Dist = (841 (A1 sheet)–60(margins))/2
• Click on <Pick> and pick and accept the existing plot frame
• The New Plot Frame Edit panel will open. We don’t want to change any of the
parameters, so click <Set> and <Finish>
• To copy the plot frames vertically, we can change the dx and dy to 0 247, and repeat
the steps above
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Move Plot Frames

The plot frames can be moved as one using the following option
• Open the Translate Strings panel using option Drafting Multi string translate
All the plot frames have the same name pfa1survey so click on <Name>
• Pick and accept any of the frames and they will all move together. Select a suitable
position
March 3, 2010 213

7.6 Quick Plotting

Quick Sheet Plot
An alternative to using the plot frames is to use a dynamic sheet frame to create a quick plot
• Turn off the plot frames model pfa1survey
• Zoom into the area of the house
• Open the Quick Sheet Plot panel using option View plotting Quick Sheet Plot
Initially the plot frame starts at a landscaped A4 size and is dynamically linked to the view
port size As you zoom in and out the scale dynamically changes which is very useful to find a
suitable scale for the required area
214 March 3, 2010

Once the plot frame looks about right we can type in a scale and the plot frame is now locked
into a scale and can be moved in ground coordinates
Select the plotter to plot to. In this case we will

just plot it to a landscape A4 pdf file called
QUICK PLOT
Set up the text parameters are shown here
• Click on the <Plot> button
March 3, 2010 215

The pdf plot is viewed in the Acrobat reader
216 March 3, 2010

Plotting using PPF Editor

• In the PLOT SETUP view turn on the plot frames
• Toggle on the Grid
• Open the Plot Frame PPF Editor using option View plotting Plot frames
Select the model

pfa1survey
Select the view PLOT

SETUP
Select your PDF writer to

plot to a PDF file. Only click
once and then click on
<Preferences>. Set the
orientation to Landscape.
Click on the <Advanced>
button and set your paper
size to A1
Give the plot a file name

THE VALLEY
• Click on Notes to enter plot parameter file details for future reference
• Type in relevant notes about the plot parameter file. These notes will be stored with
the file once it is saved
March 3, 2010 217

• Click on Title Block section to nominate using a title file and to select the model for
the legend and scale bar
Click on Use title file
Select plot 1to500 legend and

scale bar
• Explode Title block
• Click on User title info
Select the title block

file DEMO TITLE
FILE from
C:\12d\9.00\WORKS
HOPS\SURVEY\DET
AIL SURVEY\SETUP
Enter the title block

details
218 March 3, 2010

Prior to plotting we will save the plot parameter file to the local folder
• Type in a file name at the top of the panel
• Click <Write> to save the file

If you have another plot to do later, you can call up this same file and click on <Read>
• Return to the Plot Frame section
• Click on <Plot> to produce the 6 PDF files
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220 March 3, 2010

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222 March 3, 2010

Notes:
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12d Model Manual

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Detail Survey

12d Soultions Pty Ltd

PO Box 351 Narabeen NSW Australia 2101

12d Model V9.0 Detail Survey Manual

Copyright © 1989 – 2010 by 12d Solutions Pty Ltd.

1.0 SETTING UP TRAINING DATA 1

2.0 SETTING UP 12D 7

Draw options ......................................................... 49

4.0 FIELD CODING 63

5.0 DOWNLOADING & REDUCTIONS 87

String height text .................................................. 105

6.0 TRIANGULATION AND ANALYSIS 156

March 3, 2010 iii

6.10 Section View 191

7.0 PLOTTING 197

7.5 Plot Frames 210

7.6 Quick Plotting 214

1.0 SETTING UP TRAINING DATA

Run install program from DVD

• Click on <Yes> to install the workshop data

• Click on <OK> to finish the install

1.2 Create new project

• Select 12d icon from the desktop

• Tick on Advanced check box

• Use the Folder icon to navigate to the folder C:\12d\9.00\Workshops\

• Type in project name SETUP

Create new environment configuration

Highlight Environments then click on Insert icon

• Type in the name DETAIL SURVEY WORKSHOP

• Select [Finish] to return to the New project panel

Select environment configuration

• Double click on DETAIL SURVEY WORKSHOP

• Click on <Create> to create the project

2.0 SETTING UP 12D

Import Title File

Ensure the Format is set to tbf

From the [User Lib], select the title block

In the Model field, enter TITLE FILE to

Import New Logo

Select JPEG as the Format for the new

From the [User Lib] select the image file

Enter a nominal value of 50 in the Pixel

Ensure that the Model for image is the

Use the Pick icon to locate the

Change the Move/Copy mode to Move

Change the Translate mode to Typed x

Enter 1 1 in the xyz field to move the

Edit Company Details

• Turn on the Text Snap

• To change the text click on [t] key

User Prompt Text

$project the current project

$drawing_number_prefix The values for drawing number prefix and drawing

$drawing_number_postfix The values for drawing number prefix and drawing

Save Title File

Select the model your title block was created

The parameters are automatically filled in

To see the attributes stored

Give the File a new name, which will be the

2.2 Linestyles and Symbols

• Select the Traverse icon from the Cad lines toolbar

• Give a bearing of 180° and a distance of 1m