Cell Reproduction and Mendelian Genetics

Different forms of DNA Mitosis

DNA double helix-makes chromosomes
DNA wraps around histones -> chromatin
Chromatin coils tightly around proteins
Condensed, duplicated chromosomes can be aligned
and separated during mitosis.
Half of a chromosome is chromatid.
1) Interphase(not part of mitosis)-cell copies DNA and
grows in preparation for division. DNA loosely organized
2) (Mitosis begins) Prophase-DNA and proteins condense
into tightly coiled chromosomes. Nuclear envelope breaks
down, centrioles begin to move to opposite poles and
spindle fibers form.
3) Metaphase-spindle fibers attach to each chromosome.
They align chromosomes equally.
4) Anaphase- Chromatids separate to opposite sides of
the cell. Cytokinesis usually begins in late anaphase or
5)Telephase-Nuclear membranes start to form,
chromosomes begin to uncoil, and spindle fibers fall.
6) Cytokinesis-cytoplasm divides, cells enter interphase
and cycle starts again.
(diagram in additional notes)

Cell Cycle Meiosis

G1(Gap1) –cell does normal functions
S(Synthesis)-DNA is replicated
G2(Gap2)-additional growth
M(Mitosis)-division of cell and its contents (nuclear
membrane dissolves, duplicated DNA condenses
around proteins and separates, and two nuclei form)
Cytokinesis-process that divides cell cytoplasm (last
part of mitosis)

Vocab Punnet Squares

1) Histones
2) mitosis vs. meiosis
3) cancer
1) Somatic cells vs. gametes
3) homologous vs. heterogenous chromosome
4) autosomes vs. sex chromosomes
6) fertilization
7) diploid vs. haploid