HELP IS

ON THE WAY!

! !"#
$%&#'(%"#'(%)*(++
 ! FORWARD

!" #$%&'" ()*" +)," -.##/&0" 1,23" 4%5" %&*" 6%,5"

6%,2$%77" /&" 85" 9-%#$" )+" 7/+:3;" 65" /&#,)*.<#/)&" #)"
=--:,">:,?/<%7">%,:"#))'"-7%<:"8%&5"5:%,2"%0)"%,).&*"
#$:"%0:")+"@A3"=-".&#/7"#$%#"#/8:B"!"$%*":&C)5:*"%"7/+:"
+.77")+"-$52/<%7"%<#/?/#5B"5:#"$%*"27)D:*"*)D&"*.:"#)"
%78)2#"<)&2#%&#"&:<'"-%/&3"!"D%2"2#%,#/&0"#)"-/<#.,:"
852:7+" %2" 0:##/&0" 9)7*;" E:+),:" 85" #/8:3" !" $%*" 2::&"
?%,/).2" *)<#),2" #)" 2::'" %" ,:8:*5B" E.#" #)" &)" %?%/73"
F&#:,"1,23"4%5"G"6%,5333"
"H)D"2)8:"IJ"5:%,2"7%#:,B"!K8"$%--5"#)",:-),#"#$%#"
!K8"/&"E:##:,"-$52/<%7"2$%-:"#$%&"!"D%2"%#"%0:"@A3"L$/7:"
5)."8%5"#$/&'"<)/&</*:&<:"<%.2:*"5)."#)"-/<'".-"#$/2"
E))'B",:%7/M:"#$%#"<)/&</*:&<:"/2"9#$:"$%&*/D),'")+"
()*3;"
" 1%?/*"L%,,:&"
" N,)0,%8"1/,:<#),"
" O%2/2"4%*/)"H:#D),'"
" P.72%B"OQ"
 !
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction: You Can Get Better! ............................... 7

Chapter 1: Is It Really Impossible? .............................. 9

Chapter 2: It’s Not That Bad! .................................... 15

Chapter 3: How Old? ................................................ 23

Be Relentless

Never Too Old to Feel Good Again

Chapter 4: It’s All Connected .................................... 31

Chapter 5: Why We Do What We Do ....................... 35

Conclusion: Help Is On the Way ............................... 45

 !
!
INTRODUCTION

!"#$%&'$()*$+)**),-$$

"%8"D,/#/&0"#$/2"E))'"#)":&<).,%0:"5)."%&*"#)"
7:#"5)."'&)D"#$%#"D$%#:?:,"$:%7#$"<)&*/#/)&"5)."8%5"
$%?:B"5)."<%&"0:#"E:##:,3"
!"'&)D"#$/2"/2"%"E)7*"2#%#:8:&#"#$%#"+7/:2"/&"#$:"+%<:"
)+"D$%#"8)2#"-:)-7:"#$/&'"),":R-:<#B"E.#"!K8"&)#"C.2#"
#%7'/&0"%E).#"%"#$:),5S!K8"2-:%'/&0"+,)8":R-:,/:&<:3"
1)"!",:%775"E:7/:?:"#$%#"=--:,">:,?/<%7"T-/&%7">%,:"
U=>T>V"/2"%"<.,:W"%77"+),"$:%7#$"-,)E7:82X"YE2)7.#:75"
&)#Z"[.#"/&"8)2#"<%2:2B"/#"/2"#$:"8/22/&0"-/:<:"#)"#$:"
-.MM7:3"
65"0)%7"/&"D,/#/&0"#$/2"E))'"/2"#)":R-7%/&"%"2/8-7:B"
-%/&7:22" -,)<:*.,:" /&" 2.<$" %" D%5" #$%#" 5)." D/77"
.&*:,2#%&*"$)D"/#"D),'2"%&*"D$5"/#"<%&"8%':"5).,"
7/+:"E:##:,3"
T)"!"/&?/#:"5)."#)"2/#"E%<'B",:7%RB"%&*"E:":&<).,%0:*B"
'&)D/&0"#$%#333"
!"#$%&'%()%*!"%+,-.%
""""""""""""""

!
 " """""""""""""""

"
 1

Y
! CHAPTER

./$0*$1)&223$.45"//062)7$$

#" 2 ) 8 : " - ) / & # " / & " 7 / + : B " : ? : , 5 ) & : " + % < : 2"
2/#.%#/)&2" U)+#:&" -$52/<%7" <)&*/#/)&2V" #$%#" 2::8" #)"
E:" /8-)22/E7:3"Y#" 2.<$" #/8:2B" #$:2:" -:)-7:" &::*" %"
8/,%<7:3"N:,$%-2"5)."U),"%"+%8/75"8:8E:,"),"+,/:&*V"
%,:"+%</&0"2.<$"%"2/#.%#/)&3"!+"2)B"!"$%?:"0))*"&:D2Z"
\)77)D/&0"%,:"2#),/:2"+,)8"2)8:")+").,"-%#/:&#2"D$)"
$%*"2::8/&075"$)-:7:22"2/#.%#/)&23"\%<:*"D/#$"7/?:2")+"
-%/&B"*52+.&<#/)&B"),"7%<'")+"].%7/#5B"#$:5"&)D":&C)5"
+.7+/77/&0" 7/?:2" %+#:," ,:<:/?/&0" #$:/," 8/,%<7:3" \::7/&0"
,:C.?:&%#:*B" #$:/," 7/?:2" %,:" &)D" +.77" )+" :R-:<#%#/)&B"
'&)D/&0"#$%#"#$:/,"E:2#"*%52"%,:"%$:%*")+"#$:83"
Y2" 5)." ,:%*" %E).#" $)D" #$:5" :R-:,/:&<:*" #$:/,"
8/,%<7:2"#$,).0$"=--:,">:,?/<%7"T-/&%7">%,:"U=>T>VB"
/8%0/&:"5).,2:7+"+%<:*"D/#$"%"<$,)&/<"),"7/+:"#$,:%#:&/&0"
/77&:223"O,"-:,$%-2"5)."%,:"%<#.%775"/&"2.<$"%"<)&*/#/)&"
&)DB"%&*"5).K?:"E::&"#)7*"E5"&.8:,).2"*)<#),2"%&*"
2-:</%7/2#2" #$%#B" %7#$).0$" 8:*/<%#/)&2" %&*" 2.,0:,5"
8%5"-,)?/*:"#:8-),%,5",:7/:+"%&*"-,)7)&0"7/+:B"#$:5"
<%&")++:,"&)"$)-:")+":?:,"E:/&0"+,::"+,)8"#$:"-,)E7:83"

#
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

H)D"/8%0/&:")&:")+"5).,"+,/:&*2"2%5/&0"#)"5).B"9!"
%2':*"1,3"4%5"%E).#"5)."%&*"5).,"<)&*/#/)&B"%&*"$:"
2%/*"5)."<%&"0:#"$:7-3;"
P)" D$/<$" 5)." ,:-75B" 9L$%#X" !K?:" E::&" #)7*" !" <%&"
&:?:,"0:#"$:7-"+),"#$/23;"
9^:2B"E.#"$:"2%/*"/#"<%&"<$%&0:3"!"#$/&'"5)."2$).7*"
0)"#%7'"D/#$"$/8"%E).#"/#3;"
P$/2"2<:&%,/)"/2"&)#"+/<#/)&3"!#"%<#.%775"$%--:&:*3
"_:,:"/2"`)&/K2"2#),53

!"#$%!$&%'#$()#**%+%,-#../%

012"%3""4%("-%.$""/%5"*62"$"5%.$78%-)"%9$6(74%-)#-%
:#(%8;%7:4%375;&%<)"%"=-"4-%7.%8;%>7456-674%:#(%
#% 46?)-8#$"% .$78% :)6>)% 0% >7@*541-% #:#A"4&% ';%
)@(3#45%#45%0%37-)%A4":%-)#-%6-%:#(%74*;%#%8#--"$%
7.%874-)(%3".7$"%-)6(%56("#("%:7@*5%-#A"%8;%*6."&&&7$%
-)#-%0%:7@*5&%B(%#%C)$6(-6#4/%-)#-%6(%#%)#$5%-)64?%
-7% #586-/% 3@-% -)#-% :#(% :)"$"% 0% :#(&% % D7:"2"$/%
E75%)"#$5%8;%>$6"(%.7$%)"*9%#45/%-)$7@?)%#%>)#64%
7.%"2"4-(/%D"%*"5%8"%-7%;7@$%7..6>"&%

0-%#**%3"?#4%64%,"9-"83"$%FGGH&%0%:#(%:#->)64?%
<I%:6-)%8;%)@(3#45/%#45%:)"4%0%(-775%@9%-7%?7%-7%
3"5/%0%."*-%.@44;%#45%-)"4%>7**#9("5%74-7%-)"%>7@>)&%
0%:#(%@4#3*"%-7%(9"#A%#-%.6$(-/%#45%8;%"4-6$"%$6?)-%
(65"% :#(% 9#$#*;J"5&% 0% )#5% #% 8647$% (-$7A"/% #% <0B/%
#45%:#(%$@()"5%-7%-)"%)7(96-#*&%

23
 4*(4-(5%0&&1(46'+**)7&%8

<)6(% :#(% -)"% 3"?64464?% 7.% #% -)$""K;"#$% 3#--*"&%

0% >74-64@"5% -7% )#2"% <0B(% 74% #% $"?@*#$% 3#(6(&% B-%
.6$(-%-)"$"%:"$"%74*;%#%.":%#%874-)L%-)"4%:""A*;/%
#45%.64#**;%@9%-7%-)$""%-68"(%#%5#;&%<)"%<0B(%:"$"%
#*:#;(%74%8;%$6?)-%(65"%#45%2#$6"5%64%*"4?-)%.$78%
#$7@45% #4% )7@$% -7% #*87(-% -)"% "4-6$"% 5#;&% 0% 4"2"$%
A4":%:)"4%-7%"=9">-%-)"%#--#>A(%7$%)7:%*74?%-)";%
:7@*5% *#(-&% % B.-"$% 8#4;% 57>-7$(% #45% -"(-(/% 0% :#(%
"2"4-@#**;% 56#?47("5% :6-)% ,;(-"86>% M@9@(&% % ';%
4"@$7*7?6(-% (#65% -)"% 8646K(-$7A"(% :"$"% >#@("5% 3;%
-)"%3$#64%(-"8/%9$73#3*;%5@"%-7%-)"%M@9@(&%0-%:#(%
#% $#$"% >7456-674% #45% 57>-7$(% 56541-% A47:% )7:% -7%
(-79%-)"8&%

B*74?% :6-)% -)"% M@9@(% >#8"% #4% #$$#;% 7.% 8#4;%

7-)"$% 9$73*"8(N% % ("2"$"% :"#A4"((/% (78"-68"(% -7%
-)"%9764-%-)#-%0%>7@*541-%"2"4%*6.-%8;%)"#5%7..%-)"%
96**7:&%%'@(>*"%#45%O764-%9#64&%%P7??;%-)64A64?%#45%
8"87$;&%%Q)7-7K("4(6-626-;%-)#-%>#@("5%-)"%(@4%-7%
3@$4%8"%"#(6*;&%,O7$?"4(%!6("#("/%:)6>)%5$6"5%7@-%
8;%";"(%#45%-)$7#-/%8#A64?%6-%)#$5%-7%(""%#45%-7%
(:#**7:&% R#;4#@51(% ,;45$78"/% :)6>)% >#@("5% 8;%
.64?"$(%#45%-7"(%-7%?"-%"=-$"8"*;%>7*5%#45%9#64.@*&%
S""5*"((% -7% (#;/% 0% :#(% 74% 8#4;% 8"56>#-674(&% % B-%
74"%9764-%0%:#(%-#A64?%#-%*"#(-%TU%9$"(>$69-674%96**(%
5#6*;&%

0%?7-%-7%-)"%9764-%-)#-%0%>7@*541-%?"-%#$7@45%3;%
8;("*.%87(-%7.%-)"%-68"&%%

V)"4% 0% :#(% (-$74?% "47@?)% -7% ?"-% #% ()7:"$/%

(78"74"%)#5%-7%:#->)%8"%>#$".@**;/%#45%0%7.-"4%4""5"5%
)"*9% ?764?% -7% -)"% 3#-)$778&% B.-"$% "=9"$6"4>64?%
8@*-69*"%64O@$6"(%.$78%#%.#**%3$7@?)-%74%3;%#%<0B%

22
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

:)6*"%0%:#(%#*74"%64%8;%3#>A;#$5/%0%:#(%#.$#65%-7%3"%
#*74"%#45%(78"-68"(%)#5%#4=6"-;%#--#>A(&%B-%-68"(%
(78"74"%)#5%-7%(-#;%:6-)%8"%7$%>)">A%74%8"%:)6*"%
8;%)@(3#45%:#(%#-%:7$A&%

0%:#(%47-%#**7:"5%-7%5$62"/%(7%8;%)@(3#45%)#5%-7%
5$62"%8"%-7%8;%57>-7$(%#99764-8"4-(&%0%:#(%74*;%TW%
;"#$(%7*5%:)"4%#**%-)6(%(-#$-"5/%#45%0%."*-%#(%6.%8;%
*6."%:#(%#*$"#5;%72"$&%0%:#(%#%9$6(74"$%64%8;%7:4%
375;&%0%>7@*541-%?7%#4;:)"$"X47-%-7%>)@$>)/%7$%-)"%
?$7>"$;%(-7$"X#45%0%>7@*541-%>77A/%7$%?7%26(6-%8;%
.$6"45(&%0%9$"--;%8@>)%*7(-%>74-#>-%:6-)%-)"%7@-(65"%
:7$*5&% D"% #*(7% )#5% -7% :#6-% 74% 8"% )#45% #45% .77-%
:)"4%)"%>#8"%)78"%.$78%:7$A&%

0% :#(% (7% 5"9$"(("5% #45% *74"*;/% #45% 0% ."*-% (7%

:7$-)*"((&%<)"4%:)"4%:"%-)7@?)-%6-%>7@*541-%?"-%#4;%
:7$("/%0%3"?#4%)#264?%("2"$"%3$"#-)64?%9$73*"8(&%

V)"4% 0% :#(% ("4-% -7% #% (9">6#*6(-% #-% Y#;*7$%

Z462"$(6-;%64%<"=#(/%:"%:"$"%)79".@*%#45%-)7@?)-%
0% :7@*5% .64#**;% ?"-% (78"% )"*9&% Y@-% )"% )#5% 47%
#4(:"$(% .7$% 8"/% "6-)"$&% 0% :#(% (7% 56(>7@$#?"5&% 0%
A4":% 0% :7@*541-% 8#A"% 6-% #47-)"$% (6=% 874-)(% 64%
-)#-%>7456-674&%

<)"4% 0% )#5% -)"% :7$(-% <0B% "2"$&% <)"% 9#64% :#(%

@43"#$#3*"&%S7-%"2"4%9#64%96**(%#45%(*""964?%96**(%
)"*9"5&%[2"4-@#**;%0%9#(("5%7@-%.$78%-)"%"=)#@(-674%
#45%-$#@8#&%0%)#5%46?)-8#$"(/%#45%0%:#(%(7%(>#$"5%
6-%:7@*5%)#99"4%#?#64%-)#-%0%O@(-%>7@*541-%)#45*"%6-&%

,7%0%8#5"%#%9*#4&%<)"%4"=-%-68"%0%)#5%#47-)"$%
<0B% *6A"% -)#-% 0% :#(% ?764?% -7% -#A"% "2"$;% 9#64% 96**/%
(*""964?%96**/%#45%"2"$;%7-)"$%96**%0%)#5%@4-6*%0%:#(%

29
 4*(4-(5%0&&1(46'+**)7&%8

?74"&%<)#-%:#;%0%:7@*5%4"2"$%)#2"%-7%)@$-%*6A"%-)#-%
#?#64&%';%46?)-8#$"%7.%*6."%:7@*5%.64#**;%3"%72"$%
#45%0%:7@*5%.64#**;%)#2"%9"#>"&%0%)#5%"2"4%:$6--"4%
*"--"$(%-7%8;%>)6*5$"4%#45%8;%)@(3#45%.7$%:)"4%0%
9#(("5%74&%

<)#-%:""A%P#;/%:)7%6(%*6A"%#%87-)"$%-7%8"/%-7*5%
8"% ()"% )#5% -#*A"5% -7% !$% R#;% #-% '#$()#**% ,964#*%
C#$"%#37@-%8;%(6-@#-674%#45%-)#-%)"%(#65%)"%>7@*5%
)"*9%8"&%,)"%)#5%3""4%-$;64?%-7%?"-%8"%-7%?7%-7%-)"8%
.7$%#37@-%#%;"#$&%\@-%7.%()""$%5"(9"$#-674/%0%#?$""5%
-7% -#*A% -7% 8;% )@(3#45% #37@-% -)6(% 4":% -$"#-8"4-&%
D"%56541-%"2"4%*"-%8"%.646()%8;%("4-"4>"%)"%(#65/%
]V)"4%>#4%:"%?"-%;7@%64^_%

B.-"$%8;%2"$;%.6$(-%26(6-%-)"%<0B1(%(-799"5&%';%
"4"$?;%*"2"*%>#8"%3#>A%@9/%#45%#*87(-%"2"$;%M@9@(%
(;89-78%689$72"5%-$"8"457@(*;&%,7%8@>)%(7%-)#-%0%
)#2"%>78"%7..%7.%(78"%8"56>#-674(%#45%(6?46.6>#4-*;%
$"5@>"5%("2"$#*%7-)"$(&%

0% >#4% 5$62"% #?#64X-7% -)"% ?$7>"$;% (-7$"/% -7%

>)@$>)/%#45%7@-%:6-)%8;%.$6"45(&%0%>#4%?7%C)$6(-8#(%
()79964?% :6-)7@-% #4;% )"*9&% B45/% 3"(-% 7.% #**/% 8;%
)@(3#45%57"(41-%)#2"%-7%-#A"%>#$"%7.%8"%#4;87$"%#(%
6.%0%:"$"%#%>)6*5&%0%)#2"%8;%*6."%3#>A&%0%4"2"$%-)7@?)-%
-)6(% 5#;% :7@*5% >78"/% #45% 0% #8% (-6**% -#A64?% 6-% #**%
64&%,78"-68"(/%0%.645%8;("*.%>$;64?%3">#@("%0%#8%
?$#-".@*&%B.-"$%3"64?%(6>A%.7$%(7%*74?/%018%)#264?%-7%
*"#$4%)7:%-7%3"%47$8#*%#?#64`%

'#4;% 7.% 8;% .$6"45(% :"$"% (7% #(-746()"5% #-% -)"%

-@$4#$7@45%64%8;%)"#*-)%-)#-%-)";%#$"%47:%>7864?%
-7%;7@&%0%9$#6("%E75%-)#-%;7@%)#2"%#**7:"5%D68%-7%

2:
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

@("%;7@%#(%#%2"(("*%-7%)"*9%7-)"$(&%B45%0%9$#6("%E75%
.7$%?"--64?%8"%-7%;7@$%7..6>"%#45%)"#*64?%8"&%0%:#4-%
-7%-)#4A%;7@%#45%;7@$%(-#..%.7$%#**%-)#-%;7@%57&%%

a7@%#$"%-$@*;%8#A64?%#%56.."$"4>"%64%-)"%*62"(%7.%
7-)"$(&%<)#4A%;7@/%#45%E75%3*"((%;7@`%

%% % % I746%D&%

2;
 2

9!
! CHAPTER

.*8/$9"*$:;&*$+&<-$$

#K2" &)#" #$%#" E%*Z;" L:" $:%," #$%#" %" 7)#" +,)8"
-%#/:&#23" \%</&0" <$,)&/<" <)&*/#/)&2B" 2)8:$)D" #$:5"
$%?:"<)&?/&<:*"#$:82:7?:2"/#K2"&)#"D),#$"*:%7/&0"D/#$3"
" >)&*/#/)&2" #$%#" 7%2#" *%5" %+#:," *%5B" 8)&#$" %+#:,"
8)&#$B"5:%,"%+#:,"5:%,"%,:"2/0&2"#$%#"2)8:#$/&0"/2"9)++;"
/&"#$:"E)*53"H)")&:"$%2"%"$:%*%<$:"E:<%.2:"#$:5"%,:"
%2-/,/&"*:+/</:&#3"!+"#$%#"D:,:"#$:"<%2:B"D:"D).7*"$%?:"
#)"-.#"%2-/,/&"/&").,"E%E/:2K"E)##7:23"
"P%'/&0"8:*/<%#/)&"/2"&)#"%"E%*"#$/&03"[5"%77"8:%&2B"
/+"5)."%,:"$.,#/&0"%&*"5).,"E)*5"/2"&)#"%E7:"#)"+.&<#/)&"
-,)-:,75"%&*"8:*/</&:"<%&"$:7-S#%':"/#Z"a.2#"'&)D"
#$%#"/#K2"&)#"%7D%52"0)/&0"#)"9+/R;"#$:"-,)E7:83"
6%&5" -:)-7:" %.#)8%#/<%775" %22.8:" #$%#" D:" %,:"
)--)2:*"#)"8:*/</&:"%&*"2.,0:,53"L:"%,:"&)#3"L:"%,:"
)--)2:*"#)"2.++:,/&03"
"" L$:&"!"+/,2#"8:#"6%,5B"2$:"7))':*":R$%.2#:*3"
1::-"+,)D&"7/&:2"<)?:,:*"$:,"+),:$:%*B"%&*"2$:"D).7*"
E.,2#"/&#)"#:%,2"%#"#$:"27/0$#:2#"E/#")+":8)#/)&S0))*"
),"E%*3"

2<
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

"!"28/7:*"%2"2$:"7/2#:*":%<$"258-#)83"T$:"<).7*&K#"
+/0.,:").#"D$5"!"D%2"28/7/&03"Y+#:,"%77B"2$:"D%2"$.,#/&03"
!" D%2" 28/7/&0" E:<%.2:" !" '&:D" #$:,:" D%2" %" ,:%7"
%&2D:,"#)"$:,"2.++:,/&0"%&*"#$%#"?:,5"2))&"2$:"D).7*"
E:"+::7/&0"0))*"%0%/&3"T$:"D%2Z"
"" _:,:"/2"$:,"2#),53"

!"#$%!$&%'#$;/%

% %B-%74"%-68"%64%8;%*6."/%0%."*-%-)#-%0%)#5%*6--*"%
-7%*77A%.7$:#$5%-7&%B.-"$%)#264?%"4O7;"5%#%*6."-68"%
7.%?775%)"#*-)/%0%:#(%56#?47("5%:6-)%);9"$-"4(674/%
#4=6"-;%56(7$5"$/%#45%?#(-$6-6(&%04%#556-674%-7%-)"("%
9$73*"8(/%0%:#(%9*#?@"5%:6-)%64(7846#/%86?$#64"(/%
#45%>)$746>%.#-6?@"&%

[2"$;%5#;%6-%(""8"5%-)"$"%:#(%(78"%4":%*6--*"%
#>)"% 7$% 9#64% -7% #55% -7% 8;% 86("$;&% C7*5(/% .*@/%
#45% 26$@("(% 3">#8"% #% >78874% 9$73*"8% .7$% 8"&%
<)"4%-7%8;%56(9*"#(@$"/%8;%)69%3"?#4%-7%?62"%8"%
8#O7$%9$73*"8(&%0%)#5%64-"4("%9#64/%3@$464?/%#45%
4@834"((%.$78%8;%)69%-7%8;%-7"(&%S""5*"((%-7%(#;/%
0%3">#8"%2"$;%5"9$"(("5%#45%."#$.@*&%

\2"$% #% .62"K;"#$% 9"$675/% 0% 26(6-"5% 57>-7$% #.-"$%

57>-7$%-$;64?%-7%56(>72"$%:);%0%."*-%(7%3#5&%0%-77A%
#%:65"%2#$6"-;%7.%8"56>#-674%#45%:#->)"5%8;%56"-&%
0% "2"4% 9$#>-6>"5% 5""9% 3$"#-)64?% #45% $"*#=#-674/%
?#2"% @9% (96>;% .775(/% #45% (9"4-% *7-(% 7.% -68"% 64%
9(;>)7-)"$#9;&%0%>74(-#4-*;%?@#$5"5%8;%3#>A%#45%

2=
 4->*(?+-(@.0-(A0BC

)69% -7% A""9% -)"8% .$78% )@$-64?% #45% ?#2"% @9% #4;%
9);(6>#*%#>-626-;%b;"(/%-)#-%-77c&%

0%$"("#$>)"5/%"=9"$68"4-"5/%#45%-77A%#526>"%.$78%
"2"$;74"&%0%-$6"5%-7%$"8#64%97(6-62"%#45%)79".@*&%B(%
#%.64#*%$"(@*-/%8;%3*775%9$"((@$"%:#(%)6?)"$%-)#4%
"2"$&% 0% :#(% 9);(6>#**;% #45% 8"4-#**;% :7$("% -)#4%
:)"4%0%(-#$-"5%7@-&%[2"$;%46?)-%0%9$#;"5%-)#-%E75%
:7@*5% ("45% #4% #4(:"$% .7$% 8;% )"#*-)% 56*"88#&% 0%
."*-%*6A"%#%);97>)745$6#>/%#45%8;%.#86*;%:#(%(@$"%
-)#-%0%:#(&%

S""5*"((%-7%(#;/%0%.7@45%8;("*.%:6-)%47%74"%-7%
-#*A%-7&%<)"%.""*64?(%7.%6(7*#-674%72"$>#8"%8"/%#45%
0%:745"$"5%)7:%#%9"$.">-*;%)"#*-);/%#>-62"%79-686(-%
>7@*5% -@$4% 64-7% (@>)% #% -7-#*% 9);(6>#*% #45% 8"4-#*%
:$">A&%B-%-)#-%9764-%7.%8;%*6."/%#**%0%>7@*5%57%:#(%9$#;&%

\4"%5#;%8;%(6(-"$K64K*#:%>#8"%-7%26(6-%#45%()"%
#(A"5%8"%-7%#>>789#4;%)"$%-7%)"$%57>-7$1(%7..6>"&%
,)"%)#5%-)6(%86(>)6"27@(%(86*"%74%)"$%.#>"/%#45%0%
A4":%()"%-)7@?)-%6.%()"%>7@*5%?"-%8"%-7%-)"%7..6>"%
0%:7@*5%#?$""%-7%3"%(""4&%V$74?`%0%)#5%)#5%6-%:6-)%
57>-7$(&% <)"$"% :#(% 47% :#;% -)#-% 0% :#4-"5% #4;74"%
"*("%9$75564?%7$%97A64?%#-%8"&%\d&&&0%:#(%:$74?&%
\4>"%0%(#:%)7:%474K642#(62"%-)"%9$7>"5@$"%:#(/%0%
5">65"5%-7%8#A"%#4%#99764-8"4-&%V)#-%>7@*5%0%*7("^%
Z9%-7%-)#-%9764-/%47-)64?%)#5%689$72"5%-)"%e@#*6-;%
7.%8;%*6."&%0%:#(%5"(9"$#-"`%

<)"%.6$(-%9"$(74%0%(#:%:#(%-)"%$">"9-6746(-/%:)7%
:#(%:"#$64?%#%36?%(86*"&%0%)#541-%?"4@64"*;%(86*"5%
7$%3""4%(86*"5%#-%64%(7%*74?&%0%$"#**;%:#4-"5%-7%3"%

2!
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

)#99;% #?#64&% ,)"% 64-$75@>"5% 8"% -7% -)"% 3@(64"((%

8#4#?"$/% :)7% :#(% #*(7% :"#$64?% #% 36?% (86*"&% ,)"%
-77A%8"%74%#%-7@$%7.%-)"%>*646>%#45%9@-%8;%."#$(%-7%
$"(-%3;%#((@$64?%8"%-)#-%0%:7@*5%].""*%3"--"$%(774_&%
D7:%8#4;%-68"(%)#5%0%)"#$5%-)7("%:7$5(^%,7%7.-"4%
0%)#5%3""4%?62"4%-)#-%(#8"%9$786("/%74*;%-7%3"%*"-%
57:4&%P7$%(78"%$"#(74/%-)6(%-68"%-)"%:7$5(%(""8"5%
?"4@64"/%#45%0%3"*6"2"5%:)#-%()"%(#65&%

B.-"$%-)"%-7@$/%0%(#-%57:4%64%-)"%:#6-64?%$778%
.7$%#%()7$-%-68"&%B%2"$;%9$"--;/%-64;%3*745"%:78#4%
"8"$?"5% .$78% 74"% 7.% -)"% "=#8% $778(&% ,)"/% -77/%
:7$"% #% *#$?"% (86*"&% V)#-% :#(% "2"$;74"% (86*64?%
#37@-^%V#(%-)6(%47$8#*^%!65%-)";%A47:%(78"-)64?%
0%56541-^%D7:%>7@*5%-)";%#**%3"%(7%)#99;^%<)6(%-64;%
*6--*"%:78#4%:#(%!$&%'#$;%'#$()#**%b#..">-674#-"*;%
A47:4% #(% ]!$&% '#$;_% -7% )"$% 9#-6"4-(c% #45% -)"%
#4(:"$% -7% #**% -)"% 9$#;"$(% 0% -)7@?)-% E75% )#5% 47-%
)"#$5&%,)"%*"5%8"%-7%#4%"=#8%$778%:)"$"%:"%-#*A"5%
#37@-%8;%)"#*-)%)6(-7$;&%<7%8;%(@$9$6("/%()"%56541-%
-)64A%0%:#(%#%);97>)745$6#>%7$%-)#-%8;%>789*#64-(%
:"$"% :6-)7@-% #% .7@45#-674&% 04(-"#5% 7.% 3$@()64?%
#(65"%"#>)%>789*#64-%7.%864"/%()"%-77A%-)"%-68"%-7%
()7:% 8"% :)"$"% -)"% 9$73*"8(% )#5% 7$6?64#-"5% #45%
"=9*#64%)7:%"#>)%(;(-"8%7.%-)"%375;%6(%(@99*6"5%3;%
4"$2"(%-)#-%7$6?64#-"5%64%-)"%(964"&%,)"%"=9*#64"5%
-)#-%:)"4%-)"%4"$2"(%#$"%47-%#3*"%-7%.@4>-674%:6-)%
-)"% 375;% #(% 64-"45"5/% -)"% 375;% 3$"#A(% 57:4&% ,)"%
#((@$"5% 8"% -)#-% :6-)% -)"% 9$79"$% #*6?48"4-/% -)"%
4"$2"(% .@4>-674% #(% 64-"45"5% #45% )"#*64?% 3"?64(&%
04% 74*;% 74"% 26(6-/% !$&% '#$;% -7*5% 8"% :);% "#>)% 7.%
-)"%9$73*"8(%:6-)%8;%)"#*-)%)#5%7>>@$$"5&%0%>7@*5%
)#$5*;%3"*6"2"%6-&%<)"$"%:#(%)79"&%

2"
 4->*(?+-(@.0-(A0BC

%%B.-"$%8;%-#*A%:6-)%!$&%'#$;/%!$&%f6**%,>)#89%
b#47-)"$%(86*64?%.#>"c%-77A%=K$#;(%7.%8;%(964"&%M6A"%
!$&%'#$;/%!$&%,>)#89%:#(%2"$;%$"#((@$64?&%

!$&%'#$;%64-"$9$"-"5%-)"%=K$#;(%#45%()7:"5%8"%
:);% 0% )#5% ."*-% (7% 3#5% .7$% (7% *74?&% 0% :#(% $"*6"2"5&%
<)"$"% :#(% #% $"#(74% .7$% 8;% 9#64% #45% (@.."$64?&% 0%
:#(%47-%>$#J;%#.-"$%#**`%<)6(%:#(%?$"#-`%\$%:#(%6-^%
C7@*5%-)"("%9$73*"8(%3"%.6="5^%

<)"%-68"%)#5%>78"&%<)"%9$7>"5@$"%:#(%3"?64464?&%
0%:#(%*"5%64-7%#4%"=#8%$778%#45%8;%(964"/%)69(/%#45%
*"?(%:"$"%8"#(@$"5&%<)"4%0%*#;%57:4%74%#%-#3*"%O@(-%
64>)"(%7..%-)"%.*77$&%!$&%'#$;%97(6-674"5%8;%)"#5%#45%
(-775%72"$%8"&%0%#8%47-%(@$"%:)#-%()"%57"(%5@$64?%
-)"%#5O@(-8"4-/%3@-%()"%9$"(("5%?"4-*;%3")645%8;%
"#$&% ';% .6$(-% -)7@?)-(% :"$"% 755&% 0% A"9-% .""*64?%
*6A"%0%)#5%8#5"%#%86(-#A"&%0%."*-%47-)64?&%!@$64?%
-)"% 9$7>"5@$"/% -)"$"% :#(% 47% 979964?/% 47% (-$#4?"%
("4(#-674(/%#45%47%9#64&%V#(41-%9#64%(@997("5%-7%3"%
#%9#$-%7.%$">"6264?%8"56>#*%-$"#-8"4-^%0-%)#5%#*:#;(%
3""4% 9#64.@*% 3".7$"L% (78"74"% 97A64?/% (-$"->)64?/%
7$%64("$-64?%4""5*"(&%<)6(%:#(%(-$#4?"&%D7:%>7@*5%
-)6(%)"#*%8;%375;^%B.-"$%-)"%9$7>"5@$"/%!$&%'#$;%
8"#(@$"5%8"%#?#64%#45/%:6-)%#%(86*"/%#447@4>"5%
-)#-%0%:#(%64%#*6?48"4-&%0%:#(41-%(@$"%7.%)7:%0%."*-/%
3@-%0%:#(%3"?64464?%-7%.""*%-)"%9#64%(@3(65"%#%*6--*"&%

<)"%4"=-%(-"9%:#(%-7%?7%-7%-)"%$">72"$;%$778&%B%
5"*6>67@(%-$"#-`%0%?7-%-7%*6"%57:4%64%#%>78.;%$">*64"$/%
64% #% >77*% $778/% :6-)% #% :#$8% 3*#4A"-&% ,7.-% 8@(6>%
9*#;"5%64%-)"%3#>A?$7@45&%B(%0%*#;%-)"$"/%(-$#4?"%
-)64?(%3"?#4%-7%)#99"4%-7%8"&%0%."*-%(78"%-:6->)64?%

2#
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

64%8;%-)6?)%#45%.7$"#$8(&%0%:#(%#%*6--*"%."#$.@*%#-%
.6$(-/%3@-%0%$"8"83"$"5%-)#-%!$&%'#$;%)#5%-7*5%8"%
-)"% 4"$2"(% -)#-% )#5% 3""4% >789$"(("5% .7$% #% :)6*"%
:7@*5% (-#$-% $">"6264?% -)"% 9$79"$% (-68@*@(% #.-"$%
-$"#-8"4-&%0%>74-64@"5%-7%$"(-&%';%9#64%:#(%#*$"#5;%
689$7264?&%

0%)#5%-:7%26(6-(%-)#-%:""A&%\4%8;%(">745%26(6-/%
(78"-)64?%$"8#$A#3*"%)#99"4"5%-7%8"&%0%:#(%$"(-64?%
64%-)"%$">72"$;%$778%#45%8;%9#64%O@(-%56(#99"#$"5&%
<)"4%#%:745"$.@*%.""*64?%>#8"%72"$%8"&%0-%:#(%#(%6.%
-)"%(-7$8;%>*7@5(%7.%-)"%9#(-%O@(-%3*":%#:#;&%0%."*-%
$"*#="5L%47-%-)"%$"*#=#-674%-)#-%>78"(%:6-)%3"64?%
-6$"5/%3@-%-)"%A645%-)#-%>78"(%.$78%)#264?%"4"$?;%
#45%#%.""*64?%7.%:"**K3"64?&%0%>7@*5%3$"#-)"%5""9*;/%
#45% -)"% 4"?#-62"/% ?*778;% .""*64?(% 7.% -)"% 9#(-% *".-%
8"&%0%(-6**%56541-%e@6-"%@45"$(-#45%-)"%8">)#46>(%7.%
:)#-%:#(%)#99"464?/%3@-%0%56541-%>#$"&%0%:#(%.""*64?%
47$8#*/%"2"4%)#99;/%#45%8;%9#64%:#(%?764?%#:#;&%

B(%?775%#(%8;%(-7$;%(7@45(/%6-%?7-%"2"4%3"--"$&%';%
26(6-(%-7%!$&%'#$;%3">#8"%.":"$/%3@-%-)"%3"4".6-(%7.%
)"$%-$"#-8"4-%O@(-%A"9-%$7**64?%64&%f@(-%#(%!$&%'#$;%
9$"56>-"5/% 8;% 375;% (-#$-"5% )"#*64?% 6-("*.&% \2"$%
-68"/%0%(-799"5%-#A64?%8;%);9"$-"4(62"%8"56>#-674%
b0% 56541-% 4""5% 6-% #4;87$"c&% ';% 3*775% 9$"((@$"%
6(% 47$8#*% 47:&% ';% 64(7846#% #45% 5"9$"((674%
56(#99"#$"5&%0%#8%#3*"%-7%"="$>6("%#45%57%-)64?(%0%
)#2"41-%574"%64%;"#$(&%Y"(-%7.%#**/%0%)#2"%47%(-78#>)%
9$73*"8(/%47%)"#5#>)"(/%47%#4=6"-;/%#45%47%("#$64?%
9#64%64%8;%)69&%

P7$%-:7%$"#(74(/%0%.""*%-)#-%6-%6(%6897$-#4-%-7%-"**%
;7@%8;%(-7$;&%P6$(-/%O@(-%(#;64?%-)#4A(%-7%!$&%'#$;/%

93
 4->*(?+-(@.0-(A0BC

!$&%R#;/%#45%-)"6$%(-#..%#-%'#$()#**%,964#*%C#$"/%
b#45% 8;% (6(-"$K64K*#:c% 57"(41-% (""8% *6A"% "47@?)%
7.%#%$":#$5%.7$%?6264?%8"%8;%*6."%3#>A&%<)6(%*"--"$%
#**7:(% 8"% -7% 9@3*6>*;% $">7?46J"% -)"6$% -#*"4-(% #45%
>789#((674&%<)"%(">745%$"#(74%.7$%:$6-64?%6(%-)#-%
0% A47:% -)"$"% #$"% 7-)"$% 9"79*"% 64% -)6(% :7$*5% :)7%
.""*%*6A"%-)";%>#4%4"2"$%689$72"%-)"%e@#*6-;%7.%-)"6$%
*6."&%Q#64%#45%7-)"$%)"#*-)%9$73*"8(%>#4%568%;7@$%
)#9964"((%#45%*"#5%-7%5"9$"((674%#45%:6-)5$#:#*%
72"$%-68"/%3@-%-)#-%57"(%47-%)#2"%-7%)#99"4&%

0% :6**% #*:#;(% -)#4A% E75% .7$% !$&% '#$;% #45%

!$&% R#;1(% (9">6#*% ?6.-(% #45% .7$% -)"% *7264?% (-#..% #-%
'#$()#**%,964#*%C#$"&%

<)#4A%;7@/%!$&%'#$;`%

%%%%%% % % % '#$;%f&%

92
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

99
 CHAPTER 3

6
! =">$?2<7$$

%&5"-:)-7:"%,:"2$)<':*"D$:&"#$:5"D%7'"/&#)"
#$:")++/<:Z"L$5X"P$:5"2::"&:DE),&"E%E/:2B"-:)-7:"/&"
D$::7<$%/,2B"5).&0"%#$7:#:2B"%&*":7*:,75"-%#/:&#2")&"
D%7':,2"%&*"<%&:23"
L:")+#:&"$:%,"-:)-7:"<)88:&#B"9!"*/*&K#"'&)D"5)."
D),':*"D/#$"-:)-7:"D$)"$%?:"6TX;"9!",:%775"*/*&K#"
'&)D"5)."D),':*")&"E%E/:2Z;"
O.," D%/#/&0" ,))8" )+#:&" 7))'2" 7/':" %" ,:#/,:8:&#"
$)8:B"%"&.,2:,5B"%&*"%",)*:)S%77"%#"#$:"2%8:"#/8:Z"
UL:"$%?:"%"-,%<#/<:"/&"O'7%$)8%S7)#2")+"<)DE)52ZV"
[:<%.2:"#$:"-,)<:*.,:"/2"2)"0:&#7:"%&*"-%/&7:22B"
%&*",:]./,:2"7/##7:"-$52/<%7"%E/7/#5")+"#$:"-%#/:&#2B"D:"
<%&"D),'")&"%&5)&:"+,)8"E/,#$"#)"IAAb3"

%%/0%1020342055.%
" >$/7*$))*" /2" 2.--)2:*" #)" E:" +.77" )+" 0/007:2"
%&*"+.&Z"F&C)5/&0"#$:/,"<$/7*,:&"/2"#$:"*:2/,:")+":?:,5"
-%,:&#K2"$:%,#3"[.#"D$:&"/77&:22"%++:<#2"%"<$/7*B"/#"<%&"
-%,%75M:"#$:":&#/,:"+%8/753"

9:
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

[:/&0" -%,:&#2" ).,2:7?:2B" D:" $%?:" &)" 0,:%#:," C)5"

#$%&"#)"2::"#$:2:"'/*2"0:#"D:773"
6%&5" )+" #$:" +%8/7/:2" D$)" $%?:" E,).0$#" #$:/,"
<$/7*,:&"/&"+),"<%,:"D:,:",:7:&#7:22"/&"#$:/,"-.,2./#"#)"
$:7-"#$:/,"'/*2Z"_:%,/&0B"9P$:,:"/2"&)"$:7-"+),"5).,"
<$/7*B;")&75"+.:7:*"#$:/,"2:%,<$"+),"%&"%&2D:,3"
Y7/2%"/2")&:")+"#$)2:"8)823"P)"8:B"8)82"7/':"Y7/2%"
%,:"%&"/&2-/,%#/)&"%&*"%&":R%8-7:")+"D$%#"#,.:"7)?:"
*):2S/#"&:?:,"0/?:2".-Z"

!"#$%!$&%R#;%#45%!$&%'#$;/%

0-%6(%:6-)%64>$"563*"%"=>6-"8"4-%#45%9$#6("%-)#-%
0%:$6-"%-)6(%-"(-6874;%-7%>74>*@5"%#%*74?%O7@$4";%
-)#-%8;%-)6$-""4K;"#$K7*5%5#@?)-"$%)#(%3""4%74&%%

E75%6(%86$#>@*7@(&%D"$"%6(%)"$%(-7$;`%

\4% '#;% FH/% FGGW/% B33;% :#(% 9*#;64?% 64% #%

>789"-6-62"% 3#(A"-3#**% ?#8"&% ,)"% :"4-% @9% .7$% #%
$"37@45%#45%>#8"%57:4%:6-)%#%(*6?)-%-"#$%-7%)"$%
BCM%#45%#%3$@6("5%-636#&%bV"%-)7@?)-%-)6(%>78874%
64O@$;% :7@*5% )"#*% e@6>A*;% #45% -)#-% #.-"$% (78"%
9);(6>#*%-)"$#9;/%()"%:7@*5%3"%.64"&c%

B37@-% .7@$% :""A(% #.-"$% )"$% 646-6#*% 64O@$;/% -)"%

9#64% #45% (:"**64?% 64% )"$% $6?)-% A4""% >74-64@"5% -7%
64>$"#("&%<)"%7$-)79"56>%(@$?"74%$"9"#-"5%)"$%'R0L%
)"$%64O@$;%)#5%)"#*"5/%3@-%()"%:#(41-%#4;%3"--"$g
#>-@#**;/%()"%:#(%8@>)%:7$("&%<)"%57>-7$%(@(9">-"5%
R,!%bR".*"=%,;89#-)"-6>%!;(-$79);c/%#%56(7$5"$%7.%

9;
 $+D(E&B8

-)"%(;89#-)"-6>%4"$27@(%(;(-"8&%D"$%(;89#-)"-6>%
4"$27@(% (;(-"8% )#5% ?74"% >$#J;% #45% :#(% >#@(64?%
(6?46.6>#4-%9#64&%<)"%56#?47(6(%7.%R,!%:#(%#%*6."K
>)#4?64?/%*6."K#5O@(-64?%"2"4-%.7$%)"$%#45%7@$%"4-6$"%
.#86*;&%\@$%$"("#$>)%6456>#-"5%-)#-%()"%:7@*5%*62"%
:6-)% (6?46.6>#4-% 9#64/% 9"$)#9(% .7$% -)"% $"(-% 7.% )"$%
*6."&%<)"$"%6(%47%>@$"%.7$%R,!&%<)"%74*;%)79"%6(%-7%
-$"#-% -)"% (;89-78(% #45% 9$#;% -)#-% 6-% :6**% ?7% 64-7%
$"86((674&%%

D"$%56#?47(6(%:#(%>74.6$8"5%3;%("2"$#*%8"56>#*%
57>-7$(&% V"% -)"4% 9$7>""5"5% :6-)% ]-$"#-8"4-_g
!#$27>"-/%M;$6>#/%<;*"47*/%03@9$7."4/%#45%C"*"3$"=%
:"$"%#874?%)"$%5#6*;%8"56>#-674(&%04%#556-674%-7%
-)"%8"56>#-674(/%()"%@45"$:"4-%-)$""%*@83#$%(964#*%
64O">-674(/%#>@9@4>-@$"/%#45%-796>#*%-$"#-8"4-(&%,)"%
$">"62"5%#%*6--*"%$"*6".%.$78%(78"%7.%-)"%-$"#-8"4-(/%
3@-% 47-% .7$% *74?/% #45% 64% >789#$6(74% -7% -)"% 9#64%
#((7>6#-"5% :6-)% -)"% -$"#-8"4-% 6-("*./% 6-% :#(41-%
(6?46.6>#4-&%

\@$% 9$">67@(/% "4"$?"-6>% -)6$-""4% ;"#$% 7*5% :#(%

.#>64?%#%*6."%7.%9#64%#45%>7964?%:6-)%-)"%.#>-%-)#-%
)"$% *6."% :7@*5% 47-% 3"% #>-62"&% ,)"% :#(% 9$"9#$"5% -7%
?62"% @9% 3#(A"-3#**L% .7$% -)#-% 8#--"$/% ()"% >7@*5% 47-%
"2"4%-#A"%#%:#*A%#$7@45%-)"%3*7>A%:6-)%-)"%.#86*;&%
,)"%$"8#64"5%(-$74?%64%)"$%.#6-)/%#45%)"$%#--6-@5"%
:#(% 64>$"563*"/% 3@-% -)"% 9#64% :#(% >74(-#4-&% 04% #4%
"..7$-%-7%]3$"#A%-)"%>;>*"%7.%9#64/_%:"%64>$"#("5%)"$%
5#6*;%57(#?"%7.%M;$6>#%-7%TGG8?&%S7-%74*;%:#(%()"%
64%9#64/%3@-%()"%:#(%#%:#*A64?%J7836"/%.$"e@"4-*;%
.#**64?%#(*""9%#-%-)"%-#3*"%7$%5@$64?%(>)77*&%

9<
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

<)"4%64%"#$*;%\>-73"$/%#%5"#$%.$6"45%)"#$5%#37@-%
B33;% #45% $">788"45"5% 47-% O@(-% #47-)"$% 57>-7$/%
3@-%#%(9">6#*6J"5%-">)46e@"%>#**"5%Z99"$%C"$26>#*%
B*6?48"4-&%V"%5">65"5%-7%8#A"%#4%#99764-8"4-g
#.-"$% #**% :)#-% 565% :"% )#2"% -7% *7("^% B33;% :#(%
(689*;%(@.."$64?%-)"%(65"%"..">-(%7.%M;$6>#L%()"%:#(%
64>$"#(64?%)"$%57("%3;%UG8?%"2"$;%-)$""%5#;(%#45%
O@(-%?"--64?%87$"%#45%87$"%-6$"5&%V"%:"$"%*77A64?%
#-% #47-)"$% 'R0/% #45% -)"% 4"=-% (-"9% -7% -$;% -7% )"*9%
)"$%:#(%#%2"$;%642#(62"%9$7>"((%>#**"5%#%(964#*%>7$5%
(-68@*#-7$&%D"$%9#64%:#(%>74(-#4-%64%)"$%A4""/%$6?)-%
)69/% *7:"$% 3#>A% #45% $6?)-% #4A*"g#37@-% #% hKi% 74% #%
jGK9764-%9#64%(>#*"&%

0%>#**"5%'#$()#**%,964#*%C#$"%#45%(97A"%:6-)%-)"%
7..6>"%(-#..L%-)";%:"$"%2"$;%(:""-%#45%-7*5%8"%-)#-%
!$&%R#;%:7@*5%>#**%8"&%';%.6$(-%64-"$#>-674%:6-)%
!$&% R#;% :#(% 74% -)"% 9)74"&% 0% #(A"5% )68% 6.% )"% :#(%
.#86*6#$%:6-)%R,!^%D"%(#65/%]a"(/%0%>#4%)"*9%)"$&_%
0% -)7@?)-/% D"% 57"(41-% $"#**;% A47:% :)#-% R,!% 6(&%
Y@-%#?#64/%:"%:"$"%:6**64?%-7%?62"%)68%#%-$;&%\4%
\>-73"$%FU/%FGGW/%B33;%)#5%)"$%"2#*@#-674%64%-)"%
87$464?/%#45%-)#-%(#8"%#.-"$4774%()"%)#5%)"$%.6$(-%
Z99"$% C"$26>#*% C7$$">-674&% <)"% #>-@#*% 9$7>"5@$"%
-77A%#37@-%jU%(">745(&%,)"%)#5%#%9"$675%7.%$"(-%-68"%
64%-)"%7..6>"/%#45%()"%:#*A"5%7@-%g%QB0S%PR[[```%

D"$"1(% :)#-% -$6??"$"5% )"$% R,!&% V)"4% B33;%

:#(%jW%874-)(%7*5/%()"%."**%#45%)6-%-)"%3#>A%7.%)"$%
)"#5%74%-)"%.6$"9*#>"%)"#$-)&%<)6(%6(%87(-%*6A"*;%-)"%
7$6?64#*%64O@$;%-)#-%?7-%)"$%)"#5%7@-%7.%#*6?48"4-&%
<)$7@?)7@-% -)"% ;"#$(/% )"$% 375;% .@4>-674"5%
(""864?*;%:"**/%3@-%)"$%(;(-"8%:#(%47-%64%3#*#4>"&%

9=
 $+D(E&B8

<)"%A4""%64O@$;%6(%:)#-%9@-%)"$%4"$27@(%(;(-"8%64-7%
72"$5$62"&%%D"$%)"#5%:#(%47-%64%#*6?48"4-%:6-)%)"$%
(964"/%#45%-)"%4"$2"%689@*("(/%:)6>)%7$6?64#-"%64%
-)"%3$#64/%:"$"%64-"$$@9-"5&%<)6(%@*-68#-"*;%>#@("5%
)"$%375;%-7%$"#>)%#%(-#-"%7.%5;(.@4>-674&%%,7%74>"%-)"%
68964?"8"4-%74%-)"%3$#64%(-"8%:#(%$"872"5/%)"$%
375;%:#(%#3*"%-7%$"-@$4%-7%#%)"#*-);%(-#-"`%

B33;% 565% )#2"% R,!/% 3@-% :"% .64#**;% .7@45% -)"%

A";% -7% ?"-% )"$% 4"$27@(% (;(-"8% -7% ("--*"% 57:4g
Z99"$% C"$26>#*% B*6?48"4-&% <)"% 4"$27@(% (;(-"8%
O@(-% 4""5"5% -7% 3"% #3*"% -7% :7$A% 47$8#**;% #(% E75%
5"(6?4"5%-)"%375;`%

C@$$"4-*;/%B33;%6(%:"**%64-7%)"$%)"#*64?%9$7>"((%
#45%8"56>#-674%.$""`%0.%)"$%(-7$;%>#4%)"*9%O@(-%74"%
9"$(74/%()"%:6**%.""*%-)#-%6-%:#(%#**%:7$-)%6-&%

V6-)%>789*"-"%?*7$;%-7%E75%#45%-)#4A.@*%)"#$-(/%
:"%#$"%QB0S%PR[[`%

%% % % d"264/%B*6(#%+%B33;%D&%

%)0607%*88%(29%48%:002%;889%,<=>3.%

1,3"4%5"0,:D".-"%#"(,%885"%&*"(,%8-)-K2"$).2:3"
_:"#)7*"8:"2#),/:2")+"$)D"$:"$/*".&*:,"#$:"'/#<$:&"
#%E7:3"P$:&",:%<$/&0".-B"$:K*"#%':"$:,"#:%"<.-B"*,/&'"
$:,"#:%B"-.#"#$:"<.-"E%<'")&"#$:"2%.<:,B"%&*"$/*:"E%<'"
.&*:,"#$:"#%E7:3"Y2"2$:"D:&#"#)"#$:")7*"E7%<'"<))'"2#)?:"
#)",:+/77"$:,"<.-B"2$:K*"%2'B"9L$)"*,%&'"85"#:%X;"_:"
D).7*"0/007:B"%&*"#$:"0%8:"D).7*"<)&#/&.:3"

9!
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

_:"$%2"%"2-:</%7"-7%<:"/&"$/2"$:%,#"+),"(,%885"%&*"
(,%8-)-3"L:"#,5"&)#"#)"$%?:"+%?),/#:2B"E.#"2)8:#/8:2"
-:)-7:"+/&*"5).,"2)+#"2-)#3"Y.&#"4.#$"D%2")&:")+"$/2"
+%?),/#:2B"%&*"2$:"+:7#"#$:"2%8:"%E).#"$/83"T$:"%<#.%775"
8)?:*"E%<'"#)"O'7%$)8%"2)"$:"<).7*"<)&#/&.:"#)"<%,:"
+),"$:,3"
L:"$)-:"5).":&C)5"$:,"2#),53"c:#"/#"E:"%",:8/&*:,B"
#$%#"5)."%,:"&:?:,"#))")7*"#)"+::7"0))*"%0%/&Z"

!$&%'#$()#**/%

<75#;/%#(%0%:$6-"%-)6(%*"--"$/%0%#8%26(6-64?%8;%(74%
#45%)6(%:6."%64%<"=#(&%%

B% 26(6-% 57"(41-% (""8% *6A"% #% 36?% -)64?/% 3@-% 47-%

*74?%#?7%0%"=9">-"5%4"2"$%-7%-$#2"*%#?#64&%';%-$69%
6(% :745"$.@*% #45% (7% 8@>)% .@4&% V"% )#2"% -$#2"*"5%
#**%72"$%-)"%])6**%>7@4-$;_%7.%<"=#(/%"4O7;64?%-)"%
3"#@-;`%

%<)"%$"#*%3"#@-;%6(%-)"%86$#>*"%7.%8;%689$72"8"4-%
(64>"% 8;% .6$(-% 26(6-% -7% ;7@&% <)"% 56.."$"4>"% 64% 8;%
>7456-674%-)"4%#45%47:%6(%$"8#$A#3*"&%';%.#86*;%
#45%0%(""%6-%#(%#%86$#>*"/%#45%8;%.$6"45(%#-%>)@$>)%
#$"%#8#J"5&%%<)7("%:)7%5741-%A47:/%#(A%8"/%]V)#-%
)#2"% ;7@% 574"^_% S7% 74"/% 64>*@564?% 8;% 57>-7$(/%
"=9">-"5%8"%-7%689$72"&%%

0%#8%-)#4A.@*%-7%8;%)#6$5$"(("$%.7$%()#$64?%#%
(-7$;%#37@-%)"$%.$6"45%:)7%)#5%"=9"$6"4>"5%?$"#-%
9#64%$"*6".%:6-)%ZC,C%#5O@(-8"4-(&%,)"%A4":%8;%

9"
 $+D(E&B8

(6-@#-674%:#(%74"%7.%5"(9"$#-674&%0%:#(%64%"=-$"8"%
9#64/%:6-)%47%)79"%7$%)"*9%.$78%-)"%57>-7$(%0%)#5%
26(6-"5&%

0%:#(%56#?47("5%jH%;"#$(%#?7%:6-)%R)"@8#-765%
B$-)$6-6(&%!@$64?%8;%3#--*"%-7%(-#;%#>-62"/%0%"45@$"5%
-)"%9#64%7.%@*>"$(%#45%(6>A4"((%.$78%9#64%#45%#4-6K
64.*#88#-7$;% 8"56>#-674(&% 04% '#;% jkkT/% 0% 3$7A"%
8;% )69% #45% )#5% (@$?"$;&% % 0-% :#(% #% 56..6>@*-% 3@-%
(78":)#-%(@>>"((.@*%$">72"$;&%%

<)"%R&B&%)#5%>#@("5%("2"$"%5"-"$67$#-674%7.%8;%
O764-(/%9#$-6>@*#$*;%64%8;%(964"&%04%*#-"%jkkT/%8;%
9#64%:#(%(7%"=>$@>6#-64?%-)#-%8;%$)"@8#-7*7?6(-%
("4-%8"%-7%#4%7$-)79"56>%(@$?"74&%<)"%$"(@*-(%.$78%
C#-%(>#4(/%'R01(%#45%@43"#$#3*"%9#64%>#@("5%8"%
-7%#>>"9-/%"2"4%3"?%.7$/%#4;%$"*6".&%!@$64?%(@$?"$;%
-7%$"872"%374"%(9@$(%64%f#4@#$;%jkkH/%#%>$@()"5%
56(>%:#(%56(>72"$"5%#45%$"872"5%64%96">"(&%<)"%)79"%
-)"%(@$?"$;%:7@*5%$"*6"2"%8;%(@.."$64?%56(#99"#$"5%
:)"4%8;%9#64%$"-@$4"5%:6-)%#%2"4?"#4>"&%

0% 3"?#4% 64O">-674(% 7.% >7$-6(74"% 64-7% 8;% 3#>A%

-)#-%?#2"%74*;%86468#*%$"*6".%.7$%T%-7%H%5#;(&%0%:#(%
?$7:64?% 87$"% 5"(9745"4-% #(% 0% .#>"5% *7(64?% 8;%
645"9"45"4>"&%<)"%(689*"%-#(A(%7.%3#-)64?/%8"#*(/%
5$6264?/% #45% A""964?% 8;% )78"% :"$"% 3">7864?%
6897((63*"&% 0% )#5% 642"(-6?#-"5% 8#4;% 97((636*6-6"(/%
64>*@564?%-)"%'#;7%C*646>/%64%("#$>)%7.%$"*6".&%

Q#64%#45%.$@(-$#-674%:"$"%8#A64?%*6."%@43"#$#3*"/%
(7% 0% :#(% e@6>A% -7% >#**% .7$% -)"% .6$(-% #2#6*#3*"%
#99764-8"4-% #-% '#$()#**% ,964#*% C#$"`% 0% )#5% 8;%

9#
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

.6$(-%#99764-8"4-%#45%"=#8%74%B@?@(-%jF/%jkkh/%
#45%0%56541-%A47:%:)#-%-7%"=9">-&%B(%0%:#6-"5%-7%
$"-@$4%-)#-%#.-"$4774%0%)#5%*6--*"%)79"%-)6(%9$7>"5@$"%
:7@*5% $"45"$% #4;% $"*6".&% 0% :#(% $"#**;% (@$9$6("5%
-)#-%#.-"$4774%:)"4%!$&%'#$()#**%(#65%)"%-)7@?)-%
)"% >7@*5% )"*9% 8"`% 0% :#(% )#99;/% 3@-% :6-)% #% *7-% 7.%
$"("$2#-674&%

V6-)% 8;% .6$(-% #5O@(-8"4-/% 0% )#5% (78"%

689$72"8"4-%.7$%#37@-%T%5#;(&%%B%:""A%*#-"$/%:6-)%
8;%(">745%#5O@(-8"4-/%0%?7-%#37@-%H%5#;(%$"*6".&%0%
:#(%2"$;%"4>7@$#?"5&%B%:""A%*#-"$/%:6-)%8;%-)6$5%
#5O@(-8"4-/% 0% $"#**;% 3"?#4% -7% ?"-% 8;% *6."% 3#>A`%
0% 3"?#4% -7% 5$62"/% ()79/% #45% >#$"% .7$% 8;("*.X#**%
:6-)7@-%>74(-#4-%9#64`%

Q"79*"%#(A%8"%.$"e@"4-*;%:)#-%012"%574"/%#45%018%
(7%)#99;%-7%()#$"%-)6(%"=9"$6"4>"&%V6-)7@-%()7-(%7$%
96**(%7$%642#(62"%-$"#-8"4-/%#45%:6-)7@-%$6(A/%0%)#2"%
8;%*6."%3#>A`%0%.@**;%3"*6"2"%64%-)6(%?"4-*"%-$"#-8"4-%
-7% $"*6"2"% 9#64% #45% $"(-7$"% )"#*-)&% <)#4A% ;7@% (7%
8@>)%.7$%:)#-%0%$"#**;%3"*6"2"%6(%8;%86$#>*"&%%

%% % ,64>"$"*;/%

%% % % R@-)%S&%
%% % % ,A6#-77A/%%\d%

:3
 CHAPTER 4

"
L
!
$.*8/$@22$%"'')A*)<-$$$

$%#" D:" *)" /2" 2/8-7:Z"^)." *)" &)#" $%?:" #)" E:"
%"*)<#),"#)".&*:,2#%&*"$)D"/#"D),'23"!#")&75"#%':2"%"
*)<#),"#)"8%':"/#"2).&*"<)8-7/<%#:*Z"
Y"&:,?:"/2"%"#/&5B"2)+#"#.E:"D/#$"+7./*"/&2/*:B"<%77:*"
&:.,)#,%&28/##:,23" L$:&" #$:2:" 7/##7:" *,)-2" )+" +7./*"
#).<$":%<$")#$:,B"#$:5"%,:"<)88.&/<%#/&0"%"8:22%0:3"
!+"5)."-.#"-,:22.,:")&"#$/2"2)+#"#.E:B"/#"2#)-2"#$:"
+7)D")+"#$:"+7./*"%&*"#$:"&:,?:"2#)-2"D),'/&03"6)2#"
-:)-7:"'&)D"#$%#"/+"%"&:,?:"2#)-2"D),'/&0B"#$:"),0%&B"
#/22.:"),"<:77"/#"0):2"#)"%72)"2#)-2B"%&*":?:&#.%775"*/:23"
L$%#"8)2#"-:)-7:"$%?:"&)#".&*:,2#))*"/2"$)D"#$:2:"
&:,?:2"%,:"9#.,&:*")++;3"
Y#" #$:" E%2:" )+" #$:" 2'.77" /2" %&" )-:&/&0" <%77:*" #$:"
+),%8:&" 8%0&.83"Y78)2#" %77" #$:" &:,?:2B" %<#.%775"
%E).#"d"#,/77/)&B"+,)8"5).,"E,%/&"8.2#"#,%?:7"#$,).0$"
#$/2")-:&/&0"#)":&#:,"/&#)"#$:"E)*53"
Y2"#$:"&:,?:2"-%22"#$,).0$"#$/2")-:&/&0B"#$:5"%,:"
<)&2/*:,:*" #)" E:<)8:" %" -%,#" )+" #$:" E,%/&" <%77:*" #$:"
E,%/&"2#:83"P$:"E,%/&"2#:8"/2"'&)D&"%2"#$:"9:22:&#/%7"

:2
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

E,%/&;B"E:<%.2:"/#"/2"#$:"8%C),",).#:".2:*"E5"#$:"E,%/&"
#)"2:&*"/&+),8%#/)&"#)"%&*",:<:/?:"/&+),8%#/)&"+,)8"
#$:"2-/&%7"<),*"%&*"2-/&%7"&:,?:23"!#"/2",:2-)&2/E7:"+),"
<)&#,)77/&0"?/#%7"),0%&"+.&<#/)&B"E7))*W+7)DB"8)?:8:&#B"
%&*"2:&2%#/)&2"#$,).0$).#"#$:":&#/,:"E)*53"
Y+#:,"-%22/&0"#$,).0$"#$:"+),%8:&"8%0&.8B"#$:"
&:,?:2":&#:,"#$:"#)-"?:,#:E,%:B">WIB"),"#$:"=42=5B"%&*"
/&#)"#$:"&:R#"?:,#:E,%:B">WeB"),"#$:"=?>53"

Atlas

Brain
Stem

_:,:K2"D$%#"5)."&::*"#)"'&)Df"#$:"#)-"?:,#:E,%:B"
>WIB"),"=42=5B"/2"&)#"2#%#/)&%,5B"#$:,:+),:"/#"%77)D2"#$:"
$:%*"#)",)#%#:3"[:<%.2:"/#"/2"8)?%E7:B"/#"<%&"%72)"27/-"
).#")+"/#2"-,)-:,"-)2/#/)&"/+"5)."$%?:"%&">3@A7B3"
!&C.,/:2" <%&" )<<.," %#" %&5" %0:S%#" E/,#$B" *.,/&0"
<$/7*$))*B"),"%2"%&"%*.7#3">)88)&"/&C.,/:2"#$%#"%++:<#"
#$:"%#7%2"/&<7.*:"+%772B"%.#)"%<</*:&#2B"#,%.8%#/<"E/,#$2B"
%&*"2:?:,:"$:%*"/&C.,/:23"

:9
 4->*(I&&(J+,,%F-%BC

L$:&"#$:"/&C.,/:2")<<.,B"#$:5"<%.2:"#$:"2'.77B"%#7%2B"
%&*"%R/2"#)"8)?:").#")+"-7%<:3"
P$/2"<%.2:2"#$:"?:,#:E,%:"#)"-.#"-,:22.,:"%0%/&2#"
#$:"E,%/&"2#:83"4:8:8E:,"#$:"E,%/&"2#:8"$%2"d"#,/77/)&"
&:,?:23"!+"5)."2$.#"*)D&"C.2#"JAg")+"#$:"E,%/&"2#:8B"
5)." :22:&#/%775" $%?:" #.,&:*" )++" @3J" #,/77/)&" &:,?:2Z"
!&")#$:,"D),*2B"5)."#.,&")++"<)88.&/<%#/)&"#)"$%7+"
5).,"E)*5Z"
c:#"8:"0/?:"5)."e":R%8-7:2f"
<)"%3$#64%(-"8%6(%*6A"%#%.@("%37=&%0.%;7@%?7%64-7%
8;%8#64-"4#4>"%$778%#45%9@**%7@-%U%7.%-)"%jG%.@("(/%
:)#-%)#99"4(%-7%-)"%7..6>"^%P6.-;%9"$>"4-%7.%-)"%7..6>"%
*7("(%"*">-$6>6-;&%V)#-%)#99"4(%#(%(774%#(%;7@%9@-%
-)"%.@("(%3#>A%64%9*#>"^%

@.%(%&%F-G)F)-1(-+(-.+*%(0G%0*(F+6%*(70FH(+,C

<)#-1(% "=#>-*;% :)#-% )#99"4(% :)"4% :"% 8#A"%

-)"% #*6?48"4-&% V)"4% -)"% (A@**/% #-*#(/% #45% #=6(%
$"-@$4%-7%-)"6$%9$79"$%97(6-674(/%-)"%9$"((@$"%74%-)"%
3$#64%(-"8%6(%$"*6"2"5/%#45%-)"%3$#64%#45%375;%>#4%
.@4>-674%#-%jGGl&%

10C0CD07E%)07605%9>70F4%4G0%G0=2>3<%>CHA2505%>3%
4G0%D89BI%4022>3<%F0225%48%D7>3<%>3%38A7>5GC034%=39%
5039>3<%70H=>7%F0225%48%9=C=<09%H=745J%
"_%?:"5).":?:,"-7%&#:*"%"#,::X"L$%#"D%2"#$:"+/,2#"
#$/&0" 5)." */*" %+#:," /#" D%2" -7%&#:*X"^)." -.#" D%#:,"
)&"/#B",/0$#X"L$%#"/+"5).",%&"#$:"$)2:").#"#)"#$:"#,::"

::
 !"#$%&'%()%*+"%,-.

from the house, but no water came out? You would

check the valve to make sure it was open. If the valve
is shut off to the tree, it will start exhibiting adverse
symptoms—wilting leaves and dried branches. And it
will start to die. But when proper water flow is getting
to the tree, the leaves and branches recover, and the
tree stays healthy.
This is exactly what happens in your body. The
brain stem is the valve to the body—the opening that
allows all the nourishment to flow into it. When that
flow is obstructed, the body suffers. But when that
obstruction is removed and there is no pressure on
the brain stem, ALL the tissues of the body can begin
to recover. And when they have healed, they can then
stay healthy!
Here is a short list of symptoms helped by UCSC
s Allergies s Flu Symptoms s Nervousness
s !RTHRITIS s &REQUENT Colds s .EURALGIA
s !sTHMA s (ACKING CoUGH s .EURITIs
s !RM 0AIN s (AY &EVER s .EUROPATHY
s !TTENTION DeFICIT s (EADACHEs ALL s Numbness
Disorder (ADD or types)
AD(D)
s !UTIsm s (ERNIATED DisCs s /RGAN DysFUNCTION
s "ACK 0AIN s (IGH "LOOD 0REssure s 0AIN CHRONIC
s "ED WETTING s (IP 0AIN s 0ARKINson s
s "ULGING DisC s (YPERACTIVITY s 0OOR 6Ision
s CARPAL 4UNNEL s (ypertension s Restlessness
Syndrome
s CeREBRAL 0ALsy s )MMUNE System s SColiosis
DeFICIENCY
s CHILD Development s )ndigestion s Seizures
0ROBLEMS
s CHRONIC &ATIGUE s )NFERTILITY s SHOULDER 0AIN
s CHroniC )nfECtions s Knee 0AIN s Sinus 0roblems
s ConsTIPATION s ,EARNING DisABILITY s SoRE 4HROAT
s Depression s ,EG 0AIN s 4ENDONITIs
s DIABEtes s ,Oss of Sleep s 4IGHt MusCles
s %PILEPTIC Seizures s ,OW "ACK 0AIN s 4INGLING SensATIONs
s %AR )NFECTIONs s -IGRAINE (EADACHEs s 4-* Syndrome
s &EMALE Disorders s -ULTIPLE SCLEROsis s 4RIGEMINAL .EURALGIA
(MS)
s &EVER s -uSCLE SPASMS s 4Ourette s Syndrome
s &IBROMYALGIA s .ECK 0AIN s 7HIPLAsH

/0
 CHAPTER 5

N
!
B;3$B)$C"$B;&*$B)$C"-$$$$

%#/:&#2" )+#:&" %2'B" 9_)D" */*" 5)." */2<)?:," #$/2"

-,)<:*.,:X;"_)&:2#75B"!"#$/&'"/#"*/2<)?:,:*".2Z"_:,:"
%,:"%"+:D")+"#$:"*)<#),2K"-:,2)&%7"2#),/:23"!"#$/&'"/#"/2"
2)"%8%M/&0"#$%#"#$:2:"*)<#),2"$%?:"$:7*"+%2#"#)"#$:/,"
*:2#/&/:23"T)B"/+")&:")+"#$:2:"*)<#),2"$%2"E::&".2:*"#)"
E:"%"-%,#")+"5).,"8/,%<7:S"'&)D"#$%#"()*"$%*"E::&"
-7%&&/&0" /#" 8%&5" 5:%,2" E:+),:" 5)." D).7*" &::*" /#Z"

K7J%1=BL5%'487B
0% )#5% #% -$#@8#-6>% 36$-)% #.-"$% Fj% )7@$(% 64% -)"%
36$-)%>#4#*&%S7-%3$"#-)64?%74%8;%7:4%#45%)#264?%
("6J@$"(/% 0% "45"5% @9% 74% #% $"(96$#-7$&% ';% @4>*"%
>#8"%-7%-)"%)7(96-#*/%#45%8#5"%#%>7$$">-674%74%8;%
(964"%:6-)%#8#J64?%$"(@*-(&%0%?7-%7..%-)"%$"(96$#-7$/%
(-799"5%)#264?%("6J@$"(/%#45%(-#$-"5%3$"#-)64?%74%
8;%7:4&%0%:#(%h%;"#$(%7*5%:)"4%0%.7@45%7@-%:)#-%
)#5%)#99"4"5%-7%8"%#-%36$-)&%0-%:#(%-)"4%-)#-%0%(#65/%
]<)#-1(%:)#-%018%?764?%-7%57%(78"%5#;`_%

%% % !$%R#;%'#$()#**%
%% % <@*(#/%\dL%Y$#4(74/%'\%

:<
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

%%K7J%M=44L5%'487B

0% )#2"% 3""4% 64% 9$#>-6>"% #% ;"#$% 47:/% #45% 8#4;%

9#-6"4-(% )#2"% #(A"5% #37@-% 8;% 9"$(74#*% (-7$;% 7.%
C)6$79$#>-6>% #45% ZC,C&% 018% )#99;% -7% ()#$"% 6-%
47:/%47-%74*;%.7$%8;%9#-6"4-(%3@-%.7$%-)"%3"4".6-%7.%
"2"$;74"%"*("&%

0% )#2"% 3""4% $">"6264?% #5O@(-8"4-(% (64>"% 0% :#(%

"6?)-% 874-)(% 7*5&% 0% >7@*5% 47-% (*""9% #-% 46?)-/% (7%
8;%9#$"4-(%:7@*5%9@-%8"%64%-)"%>#$%#45%5$62"%8"%
#$7@45%-)"%3*7>A%@4-6*%0%."**%#(*""9&%B.-"$%#%.":%:""A(%
7.%-)6(/%-)";%5">65"5%-7%3$64?%8"%-7%-)"%C)6$79$#>-7$&%
B.-"$%8;%#5O@(-8"4-/%0%(*"9-%.64"%.$78%-)#-%9764-%74&%

04% )6?)% (>)77*/% :)6*"% 9*#;64?% (7>>"$/% 0% )6-% 8;%

)"#5% #>$7((% #47-)"$% 9*#;"$1(% )69% :)6*"% -$;64?% -7%
)"#5%-)"%3#**&%';%4">A%:#(%(7$"%#45%(-6../%3@-%#.-"$%
#%.":%#5O@(-8"4-(/%0%:#(%74%-)"%$7#5%-7%$">72"$;&%
0-%:#(%?$"#-`%

B?#64%:)6*"%64%>7**"?"/%0%:#(%74%#%-$69%-7%P*7$65#%
:6-)% -)"% (:68% -"#8% :)"4% 8;% 3#>A% (*699"5% 7@-&%
<)"$"%:#(%47%9#64/%3@-%:)"4%0%O@89"5%64%-)"%977*%
-7% (:68/% 8;% .""-% O@(-% :7@*5% 47-% A6>A&% 0% 565% 47-%
@45"$(-#45%6-%#-%-)"%-68"/%3@-%0%A4":%6-%)#5%-7%3"%
#%9$73*"8%:6-)%8;%4"$2"(&%B%C)6$79$#>-6>%C*646>%
)#99"4"5%-7%3"%#>$7((%.$78%-)"%)7-"*&%,7%0%(9"4-%#**%
8;%].@4%874";_%74%mK$#;(%#45%#4%#5O@(-8"4-&%0%

:=
 /.1(/%(B+(/.0-(/%(K+C

:#(%-7*5%-7%$"(-%-)"%$"8#645"$%7.%-)"%5#;%#45%?"-%
3#>A%64%-)"%977*%-)"%4"=-%87$464?&%<)"%4"=-%5#;/%6-%
:#(%*6A"%47-)64?%)#5%"2"$%)#99"4"5&%<)#-%:#(%:)#-%
64(96$"5%8"%-7%3">78"%#%C)6$79$#>-7$&%

B-% Q#*8"$% C7**"?"% 7.% C)6$79$#>-6>/% 0% *"#$4"5%

#**% -)"% -">)46e@"(% -)#-% )#5% 3""4% @("5% 74% 8"% #(% #%
>)6*5&%0%(-#$-"5%e@"(-67464?%8;%.$#-"$46-;%3$7-)"$(%
#37@-%-">)46e@"(%-)#-%47-%74*;%:7@*5%)"*9%9"79*"%
3@-%#*(7%#**7:%9#-6"4-(%-7%)"#*&%!$&%C$#6?%M#9"4(A6%
b,"#--*"/%VBc%$"."$$"5%8"%-7%!$&%R#;%#45%!$&%'#$;%
64%<@*(#/%\A*#)78#&%D"%(#65%0%:7@*5%)#2"%-7%8#A"%
#%-$69%-7%-)"6$%7..6>"%-)"$"%-7%@45"$(-#45%:)#-%-)";%
:"$"%5764?%#45%-)"%>)#4?"(%-)";%:"$"%8#A64?%64%
9"79*"(1% *62"(&% 0% :#(% 47-% "=>6-"5% #37@-% #% jFK)7@$%
5$62"%-7%(""%#%9$#>-6>"/%3@-%0%9#>A"5%@9%-)"%>#$%#45%
8#5"%-)"%-$69%-7%(""%-)"6$%7..6>"&%

B-% '#$()#**% ,964#*% C#$"/% 0% $">"62"5% 8;% .6$(-%

ZC,C%>7$$">-674&%0%565%47-%.""*%#4;-)64?&%04%.#>-/%
0% :#(% (A"9-6>#*/% #45% 0% :745"$"5% 6.% !$&% R#;% )#5%
574"%#4;-)64?%#-%#**`%<)"%=K$#;(%()7:"5%-)#-%-)"%
>7$$">-674%*77A"5%?775/%(7%0%:"4-%64%-7%$"(-%b#%jUKFG%
864@-"%.7**7:K@9%-7%#4%#5O@(-8"4-c&%0%:#(%7@-%*6A"%#%
*6?)-`%0%:7A"%@9%#37@-%-:7%)7@$(%*#-"$/%47-%A47:64?%
:)"$"%0%:#(`%

0%:#(%689$"(("5%:6-)%-)"6$%7..6>"/%3@-%0%:#(%#%36-%
>74.@("5%#37@-%-)"%#>-@#*%>7$$">-674&%V)#-%$"#**;%
>#@?)-% 8;% #--"4-674/% -)7@?)/% :#(% -)"% 4"=-% -:7%

:!
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

:""A(%64%(-@5"4-%>*646>&%0%:#(%>)">A"5%.7@$%-68"(%
64%-:7%:""A(/%#45%0%565%47-%4""5%-7%3"%#5O@(-"5%#-%
#**&% <)#-% :#(% -)"% .6$(-% -68"% -)#-% )#5% )#99"4"5% 64%
-)"%Q#*8"$%C*646>%64%-:7%;"#$(`%B.-"$%-)#-/%0%>#**"5%
'#$()#**% ,964#*% C#$"% #45% >7886--"5% -7% 26(6-64?%
-)"8%74>"%#%874-)%@4-6*%0%?$#5@#-"5&%0%8#5"%.62"%
87$"%-$69(%-7%<@*(#/%#45%-)"4%0%:#(%#(A"5%-7%>78"%
:7$A%.7$%-)"8&%

0%-)#4A%E75%"2"$;%5#;%.7$%9@--64?%6-%74%8;%)"#$-%
-7%("#$>)%.7$%ZC,C%#45%.7$%*"#564?%8"%-7%!$&%R#;%
#45%!$&%'#$;&%%S7:%0%)#2"%-)"%9*"#(@$"%7.%>)#4?64?%
*62"(%64%8;%7..6>"/%64%P7$-%C7**64(/%C\/%#(%!$&%R#;%
#45%!$&%'#$;%57%64%<@*(#/%\d&%

%% % !$%'#--%V")$%
%% % P7$-%C7**64(/%C\%

%%K7J%1B=3L5%'487B

04%S72"83"$%jkki/%8;%.#-)"$1(%*7:"$%3#>A%9#64(%
:"$"%#*87(-%@43"#$#3*"&%B(%*74?%#(%0%>#4%$"8"83"$/%
8;%5#5%*62"5%:6-)%*7:"$%3#>A%9#64&%%P7$%-)"%*#(-%.62"%
;"#$(/%)6(%>7456-674%)#5%:7$("4"5%>74(65"$#3*;&%D"%
7.-"4%#:7A"%5@$64?%-)"%46?)-%5@"%-7%64-"4("%9#64%
-)#-%.64#**;%.7$>"5%)68%-7%(*""9%64%#%$">*64"$%6.%)"%:#(%
-7%?"-%#4;%$"(-%#-%#**&%<)"("%$7@?)%46?)-(%8#5"%.7$%
*74?%5#;(%#-%:7$A/%"(9">6#**;%:)"4%)"%:#(%$"e@6$"5%
-7%(6-%#-%#%5"(A%#**%5#;&%!#5%:#(%-6$"5/%)@$-64?/%#45%
56((#-6(.6"5% :6-)% )6(% -$"#-8"4-% 79-674(&% !$@?(/%
-$#>-674/% #45% -)"% $">788"45#-674(% 7.% '&!&(% #45%
!&\&(% :"$"% #**% 64"..">-62"/% "=9"4(62"% 8"-)75(% 7.%

:"
 /.1(/%(B+(/.0-(/%(K+C

-"897$#$;% (;89-78% $"*6".&% Q"$.7$864?% $7@-64"%

-#(A(%(@>)%#(%87:64?%-)"%;#$5%9$72"5%-7%3"%56..6>@*-%
3">#@("% 7.% "4"$?;% *7((/% ("4(7$;% 5"9$62#-674/% #45%
3#>A%56(>78.7$-&%B**%7.%-)"%-$"#-8"4-(%)"%$">"62"5%
.7>@("5% 74% )6(% (;89-78(/% -)"% 9@$97("% 3"64?% -7%
$"*6"2"%)6(%9#64&%Y@-%-)";%.#6*"5%-7%-$"#-%-)"%>#@("%
7.%)6(%9#64&%

<)$7@?)%#%.#86*;%.$6"45%:)7%)#5%(""4%#%$"8#$A#3*"%
689$72"8"4-%64%)"$%*6."%#.-"$%26(6-64?%!$&%'#$()#**/%
!#5%5">65"5%)"%:7@*5%?62"%-)6(%57>-7$%#%>)#4>"&%0-%
:7$A"5&%<)"%57>-7$%>7$$">-"5%!#51(%86(#*6?48"4-/%
#45%(64>"%-)#-%-68"/%4"#$*;%.62"%874-)(%#?7/%)"%)#(%
*62"5% #% 9$7?$"((62"*;% 9#64K.$""% *6."&% D"% 6(% 47-% ;"-%
.@4>-67464?%#-%jGGl/%3@-%:6-)%#%>7$$">-"5%(964"/%
)6(%375;%6(%)"#*64?%#45%(-$"4?-)"464?%6-("*.%"2"$;%
5#;&%!#5%:7$A(%87$"%>78.7$-#3*;/%(*""9(%64%9"#>"/%
#45%3#(6>#**;%O@(-%"4O7;(%*6."%87$"%.@**;&%0%*"#$4"5%
3;%:6-4"((64?%8;%.#-)"$1(%)"#*-)%689$72"%-)#-%0/%#(%
#%ZC,C%>)6$79$#>-7$/%$"#**;%>7@*5%)"*9%9"79*"%*62"%
#%3"--"$%*6."&%<)6(%:#(%-)"%.6$(-%8#O7$%"2"4-%64%8;%
*6."%-)#-%56$">-"5%8"%-7:#$5(%#%>)6$79$#>-6>%>#$""$&%

<)"% (">745% 8#O7$% "2"4-% -)#-% *"#5% 8"% -7:#$5(%

-)6(% >)7("4% >#$""$% 7>>@$$"5% #% >7@9*"% :""A(% #.-"$%
!#51(%.6$(-%#5O@(-8"4-&%D"%4""5"5%-7%)#2"%#%(">745%
#5O@(-8"4-/% (7% 0% 5">65"5% -7% ?7% #*74?% .7$% -)"% $65"&%
Z974%7@$%#$$62#*/%-)"%4"=-%)7@$%-@$4"5%64-7%74"%7.%
-)"% 87(-% 6897$-#4-% )7@$(% 7.% 8;% *6."&% ';% 9#$"4-(%
64-$75@>"5%8"%-7%!$&%R#;%'#$()#**%3;%-"**64?%)68%
0%:#(%64-"$"(-"5%64%*"#$464?%#%*6--*"%36-%#37@-%:)#-%
#% ZC,C% >)6$79$#>-7$% 57"(&% V"**/% -)6(% "=-$"8"*;%

:#
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

A645%8#4%?"4"$7@(*;%(9"4-%-)"%4"=-%)7@$%7.%)6(%2"$;%
3@(;% 5#;% 5"874(-$#-64?% -)"% #5O@(-64?% -">)46e@"%
)"%@("(/%5"(>$6364?%-7%8"%-)"%.@45#8"4-#*(%3")645%
-)6(%-">)46e@"/%)6(%3@(64"((%9$64>69#*(%#45%"-)6>(/%
>)#**"4?"(%)6(%9$7."((674%#..7$5(/%#45%8@>)%87$"&%
<)7@?)% 8#4;% -)7@?)-(% :"$"% (9@$$"5% 5@$64?% 7@$%
>742"$(#-674/% -:7% -)7@?)-(% )#2"% (-@>A% :6-)% 8"%
#372"%#**%7-)"$(%(64>"%-)#-%.6$(-%26(6-&%jc%B-%-)#-%7..6>"/%
-)"$"%:#(%#4%#-87(9)"$"%7.%9"#>"/%$"*#=#-674/%#45%
87$"%6897$-#4-*;/%)"#*64?&%0-%:#(%#%2"$;%9#-6"4-K
7$6"4-"5/% ]:"1**% -#A"% >#$"% 7.% ;7@_% "426$748"4-&% 0%
-77%:#4-%-7%>$"#-"%-)6(%]>#$"%?6264?_%#-87(9)"$"%.7$%
9"79*"&%Fc%0897$-#4-*;/%-)"%5$6264?%.7$>"%3")645%!$&%
'#$()#**1(%5"(6$"%-7%("$2"%9#-6"4-(%6(%>)#$#>-"$6J"5%
3;% )6(% (-#-"8"4-/% ]Y;% ("$264?% 7-)"$(/% 0% #8% #3*"%
-7% ("$2"% E75&_% 0% $"#**;% >#447-% -)64A% 7.% #% 3"--"$%
$"#(74%-7%:7$A%7$%>)77("%#%>#$""$%-)#4%-7%("$2"%D68&%
V)"4%!$&%'#$()#**%-7*5%8"%)6(%9)6*7(79);/%6-%3"(-%
5"(>$63"5%)7:%0%>7@*5%("$2"%E75%#*(7&%Y".7$"%*"#264?%
!$%'#$()#**1(%7..6>"%-)#-%5#;/%0%A4":%64%8;%)"#$-%
-)#-%8;%>#$""$%9#-)%)#5%O@(-%3""4%>)7("4&%

04%#556-674%-7%7@$%56(>@((674/%0%:#(%#3*"%-7%:#->)%
8;%.#-)"$%$">"62"%)6(%(">745%#5O@(-8"4-&%D6(%(964"%
)#5%(*699"5%3#>A%-7:#$5(%6-(%7*5%97(6-674/%>#@(64?%
)68%(78"%.#86*6#$%9#64&%D"%"2"4%?$68#>"5%64%9#64%
:)"4% )#264?% -7% *6"% 57:4% 74% -)"% #5O@(-64?% -#3*"&%
!@$64?%-)"%#5O@(-8"4-/%0%:#(%#3*"%-7%:6-4"((%-)"%
)@$-%74%8;%5#51(%.#>"%(689*;%"2#97$#-"&%0-%:#(%#4%
"=9"$6"4>"%-)#-%$"64.7$>"5%8;%5">6(674&%

\-)"$%"2"4-(%-)#-%)#2"%(64>"%7>>@$$"5%)#2"%74*;%
(-$"4?-)"4"5% 8;% 5"(6$"% -7% 3"% #% >)6$79$#>-7$N% 8;%

;3
 /.1(/%(B+(/.0-(/%(K+C

7:4% (964#*% #5O@(-8"4-% b#% 5".646-"% 689$72"8"4-%

64% 8;% *6."`c/% #% :""AK"45% >)6$79$#>-6>% ("864#$/% #%
26(6-%-7%Q#*8"$%C7**"?"/%#45%(@3("e@"4-%-#*A(%:6-)%
!$&%'#$()#**&%P7$%-)"%.6$(-%-68"%64%8;%*6."/%0%)#2"%
#% 9#((674% #45% @45"$(-#4564?% .7$% :)#-% 0% :#4-% -7%
57% #(% #% >#$""$&% ';% @*-68#-"% ?7#*% 6(% 47-% O@(-% -7%
3">78"%#%>)6$79$#>-7$/%3@-%-7%("-%-)"%(-#45#$5(%.7$%
>)6$79$#>-6>%>#$"&%<)6(%:6**%9$73#3*;%9$72"%-7%3"%#%
*74?/%$7>A;%$7#5%0%8@(-%-$#2"*/%3@-%6-%$"#**;%57"(%47-%
8#--"$%)7:%)#$5%6-%:6**%3"&%0%:6**%3"%)"*964?%9"79*"%
#45%0%:6**%3"%("$264?%E75&%

%% % !$%R;#4%Y#$$"-%
%% % <#)*"e@#)/%\d%

%%%%%%%%K7J%)>FNL5%'487B

,@.."$64?%6(%\9-674#*%X%Y;%-)"%-68"%0%:#(%Fj%
;"#$(% 7*5% 0% )#5% (@.."$"5% :6-)% "=-$"8"% *7:% 3#>A%
9#64%.7$%.62"%;"#$(%#45%5#4?"$7@(*;%("2"$"%#(-)8#%
.7$% jW% ;"#$(% b#(% :"**% #(% #**"$?6"(% #45% (*""964?%
-$7@3*"(c&%0%)#5%(""4%>7@4-*"((%8"56>#*%57>-7$(%#45%
>)6$79$#>-7$(/%-77A%8"56>#-674(%#45%64)#*"$(%5#6*;%
#45% 6-% (""8"5% *6A"% 0% :7@*5% 4"2"$% ?"-% #4;% 3"--"$&%
P""*64?%*6A"%;7@%#$"%iG%7$%WG%;"#$(%7*5%:)"4%;7@$%
74*;%Fj%>#4%3"%9$"--;%56(>7@$#?64?%#45%#.-"$%#%:)6*"%
;7@%3"?64%-7%-)64A%]0.%0%.""*%-)6(%3#5%47:/%)7:%3#5%
:6**%6-%3"%FGKTG%;"#$(%.$78%47:^_%

%%<)"4% 0% ?7-% 8;% (964"% >7$$">-"5% 3;% !$&% R#;%

'#$()#**%.7$%-)"%.6$(-%-68"%#45%"2"$;-)64?%3"?#4%-7%
>)#4?"&&&0%:#(%688"56#-"*;%#3*"%-7%872"%:6-)7@-%-)"%

;2
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

9#64%#45%64(-#36*6-;%64%8;%*7:%3#>A%#45%8;%#(-)8#%
:#(%64(-#4-*;%689$72"5`%0%>74-64@"5%-7%.""*%3"--"$%
@4-6*%#%4@83"$%7.%5#;(%*#-"$%:)"4%0%."*-%8;%(964"%
?7%7@-%7.%#*6?48"4-&%0-%:#(%*6A"%#%(:6->)%:#(%-@$4"5%
7..%#45%8;%*7:%3#>A%3"?#4%-7%)@$-%#45%64(-#4-*;%-)"%
:)""J64?%$"-@$4"5&%0%>#**"5%!$(&%'#$()#**%#45%?7-%
64%-)"%4"=-%5#;&%088"56#-"*;%#.-"$%8;%>7$$">-674/%
-)"% -6?)-4"((% 64% 8;% *@4?(% 56(#99"#$"5% #45% 8;%
9#64% 3"?#4% -7% 568646()&% B.-"$% -)6(% "=9"$6"4>"/% 0%
A4":%-)"("%)7$$63*"%6((@"(%64%8;%*6."%:7@*5%.64#**;%
?"-%3"--"$%3">#@("%0%.7@45%(78"74"%:)7%A4":%)7:%
>7$$">-% -)"% >#@("% 7.% -)"% 9$73*"8% $#-)"$% -)#4% O@(-%
-$"#-%8;%(;89-78(&%

!#;(% *#-"$/% 0% )#5% #% $"27*@-674#$;% -)7@?)-&% 0-%

7>>@$$"5% -7% 8"% -)"% )"#*-)% 9$73*"8(% -)#-% 0% )#5%
(@.."$"5% .7$% 8;% *6."% :"$"% \Q<0\SBM`% 0% >7@*5%
(689*;%A""9%8;%(964"%64%#*6?48"4-%#45%-)"%)7$$63*"%
9#64(%#45%(6>A4"((%:7@*5%?7%#:#;&&&0%>7@*5%(689*;%
]79-%7@-_%7.%-)"8%3;%A""964?%8;%(964"%>7$$">-"5&%
0-%3">#8"%73267@(%-)#-%#**%-)"%874-)(%015%(9"4-%64%
-)"%)7(96-#*/%#**%-)"%8"56>#-674(/%#**%-)"%8"4-#*%#45%
.64#4>6#*%(-$"((%6-%9@-%74%8;%.#86*;%)#264?%#%(6>A%
>)6*5%:"$"%9$73*"8(%-)#-%>7@*5%)#2"%3""4%#2765"5&%
0% -)"4% A4":% 64% 8;% )"#$-% -)#-% -)6(% 6(% :)#-% 0% :#(%
(@997("5%-7%57%:6-)%8;%*6."&&&)"*9%7-)"$%9"79*"%]79-%
7@-_%7.%-)"%)@45$"5(%7.%)"#*-)%9$73*"8(%-)#-%@99"$%
>"$26>#*%>#$"%>#4%)"*9&%

%%'#4;%9"79*"%3"*6"2"%-)#-%-)"6$%)"#*-)%9$73*"8(%
#45% 9#64% #$"% ]47$8#*_/% 7$% ]O@(-% -)"% :#;% *6."% 6(_%
:)"4%-)"%$"#*6-;%6(%-)#-%87(-%7.%-)"%>78874%9#64(%

;9
 /.1(/%(B+(/.0-(/%(K+C

#45%(;89-78(%9"79*"%)#2"%#$"%79-674#*%6.%-)";%:6**%
A""9%-)"6$%(964"%>7$$">-"5&%Q#64%#45%(6>A4"((%8#;%
3"%>78874/%3@-%-)"$"%6(%47%(@>)%-)64?%#(%]47$8#*_%
(;89-78(%#45%56("#("&%<)#4A(%.7$%)"*964?%@(%(9$"#5%
-)"%?775%4":(%-)#-%#*-)7@?)%#>>65"4-(%#45%64O@$6"(%
86?)-% 3"% #4% @4#2765#3*"% 9#$-% 7.% 3"64?% )@8#4/%
(@.."$64?%.$78%-)"8%6(%79-674#*&%

!$&%S6>A%Y#?4#$7%
<@*(#/%\d%

;:
 $%&'()*(+,(-.%(/01

;;
 !
!
CONCLUSION

" D%2" #)7*" )?:," %&*" )?:," %0%/&" E5" -%#/:&#2B"

91)<B" !K?:" E::&" #)7*" #$:,:K2" &)" $)-:3;" 9!K?:"
E::&" #)" 2-:</%7/2#2B" %&*" #,/:*" 8:*/<%#/)&2" %&*"
2.,0:,/:2B" E.#" !K?:" E::&" #)7*" #$:,:K2" &)" $)-:3;"
!"*/*&K#"'&)D"D$%#"#)"2%53"!"'&:D"#$%#"D%2&K#"#,.:"
E:<%.2:"()*"/2"%"0))*"()*"%&*"_:"$%2"%"0))*"-7%&"+),"
#$:/,"7/?:2B"E.#"#$:5"&::*:*"#)"'&)D"#$%#3"Y2"!"2).0$#"
+),":&<).,%0/&0"D),*2"+),"#$:2:"$.,#/&0"-:)-7:B"#$:"
c),*"2%/*B"9P:77"#$:8"$:7-"/2")&"#$:"D%5Z;"T)"#$%#K2"
D$%#"!"#)7*"#$:83"
\).,"5:%,2"%0)"!"D%2",:%*/&0"%"<)-5")+"#$:"[/E7:B"
#$:"H:D"c/?/&0"[/E7:"P,%&27%#/)&")+"!2%/%$"hIfedB"D$/<$"
2%52B"9!"D%2"#$:"+/,2#"#)"#:77"a:,.2%7:8B"9c))'Z"_:7-"/2"
)&"#$:"L%53;"
"()*"D%2"0/?/&0"8:"_/2"D),*B"%&*"!"D%2"2/8-75"
#:77/&0"_/2"-:)-7:f"
_:7-"!T")&"#$:"D%5Z"
" " " " 1,"4%5"6%,2$%77"

;<
 \),"8),:"/&+),8%#/)&"<)&#%<#".2"%#f

L0G*.0&&(M'),0&(J0G%
P.72%B"OQ
iIjWJe@WAIII

),

L0G*.0&&(M'),0&(J0G%
[,%&2)&B"6O
hIdW@@iWAIII

P)"7)<%#:"%&"=--:,">:,?/<%7"T-/&%7">%,:"1)<#),
()"#)f"O>39%=%98F487%
%#").,"D:E"2/#:f"PPPJC=75G=225H>3=2F=70JF8C









#






!







#
"


 











!
 


!











#