Swanwick Hall Chemistry Revision Notes C3

The Periodic Table

Group 1 –Alkali Metals Group 7 - Halogens

• Soft- can be cut with a • Have coloured vapours

knife • Do not conduct
• Very reactive- • Low melt & boil points
have to be stored in oil Transition metals that get higher as you
• Get more reactive as go down the group
you go down the group • Reactivity gets less as
(last electron further you go down the group
away from attractive (outer shell further
force of the nucleus and away from attractive
therefore easier to lose) force of nucleus,
• Low melting and boiling therefore harder to
points that get lower as attract electrons)
you go down the group • Made of diatomic
• 1 electron in outer level molecules (eg Cl2)
(lost when reacting to form • React with metals to
ionic compounds that are white and soluble) Halogen displacement reactions: form ionic compounds
• Conduct heat & electricity A more reactive halogen will • React with non metals to
• Have a low density. displace a less reactive one from form covalent
Reaction with water solution. compounds
e.g. sodium + water Æ sodium hydroxide + hydrogen e.g Chlorine + Sodium Bromide Æ
Na + H2O Æ NaOH + H2. Sodium Chloride + Bromine

The Transition Metals

• Between groups 2 and 3
• Have coloured compounds
• Hard & strong
• Have special properties due to special structure (18
• Conduct
electrons in 3rd shell):
• High density
– 2,8,8 - 2,8,8,2
• High melt & boil points
– 2,8,18, - 2,8,18,3 etc
• Unreactive
(obviously with elements in between)
• Used as catalysts