Uplink and downlink in GSM :

It is because a mobile is operated on a battery with low power and therefore it sends
signals on low(uplink) frequencies whereas a base station is driven by high power and
can easily send signals on high(downlink) frequencies. This can be verified by Friis
equation which says Transmitted power and Transmitted frequency are directly
proportional.

Why down link frequency is more than up link in GSM?

If you mean why is the downlink frequency higher than the uplink frequency, it's because
- all other things being equal - signals propagate for less distance the higher the frequency
gets.
Having the (slightly) lower frequency transmitting from the handset allows for a slight
advantage in achievable propagation distance from the handset to the base station. The
base station has more power and larger antennas, so it can usually transmit further than
the mobile station.

Why the up-link frequency is higher than the down-link frequency in satellites?

Because the uplink frequency can be sent from a way bigger antenna. If Up and Down
were running on the same frequency, they would end up both garbled from meshing with
each other.....separate frequency paths guarantee clear transmission In some cases, such
as satellite communications, the uplink frequency (Earth to satellite) is of a higher value
than the downlink to mitigate the free space spreading losses, and the tropospheric losses
(gases, clouds, rain), all of which are related to wavelength and therefore to frequency
(wavelength=speed of light in vacuum/frequency). Higher the frequency, lesser the
wavelength. So high frequency can be received using smaller antenna in satellite, which
is more practical. Whereas in earth we can have bigger antennas..