STRUCTURE AND

FUNCTION OF CELLS
Ms. Pia Marie Albano
 Two General Types of Cells:
• Prokaryotic cells • Eukaryotic cells
– “pro”–before; – with nuclear
– “karyon”- nucleus; membrane
– without nuclear – NUCLEUS
membrane
– NUCLEOID
TYPICAL ANIMAL CELL
TYPICAL PLANT CELL

The Central Dogma identifies the
flow of genetic information

 DNA is expressed as RNA through

transcription

 RNA is translated into proteins

through translation

TRANSCRIPTION copies
genetic information into RNA

RNA polymerase- synthesizes RNA from

the DNA template

Only one of the two DNA strands is

transcribed
BASE PAIRING
• DNA REPLICATION
CYTOSINE = GUANINE
ADENINE = THYMINE

• TRANSCRIPTION
CYTOSINE = GUANINE
ADENINE = URACIL
TACGGCTGCATCCAGTACGATGCAGC
 TYPES of RNA PRODUCED
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) - carries the information of what
proteins will be synthesized

2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - framework of ribosomes

3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) contains the anticodon

 anticodon
a sequence of 3 nitrogenous bases complementary to
the codon on the mRNA
 it corresponds to a specific amino acid

TRANSLATION is the process
of making the polypeptide

ribosome moves along the mRNA

begins with the addition of the tRNA

whose anticodon is complementary
to AUG