B3001 Engineering Mathematics III Topic 2: Area Under The Graph

AREA UNDER THE GRAPH

2.1 TRAPEZIUM RULE

The trapezium rule is a way of estimating the area under a curve. We know that the area under a curve is

given by integration, so the trapezium rule gives a method of estimating integrals.

This is useful when we come across integrals that we don't know how to evaluate.

The trapezium rule works by splitting the area under a curve into a number of trapeziums, which we

know the area of.

X0 = a Xn = b

If we want to find the area under a curve between the points x0 and xn, we divide this interval
up into smaller intervals, each of which has length h.

b−a
h=
n

Then we find that:

h
[ y 0 + y n + 2( y1 + y 2 + .... + y n−1 )]
b
∫a
f ( x) dx =
2

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B3001 Engineering Mathematics III Topic 2: Area Under The Graph

Activity 2a
Evaluate the area of the functions below using the Trapezium Rule.

0.2 1
a) ∫ 0 1+ x2
dx where n = 4
n Xn Yn

0 0
b−a
h= 1
n
2

4 0.2

∫ (2 x + 1) dx where n = 4
1
b)
0

10
c) ∫
0
2 x 2 dx where h = 2

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B3001 Engineering Mathematics III Topic 2: Area Under The Graph

4 1
d) ∫
2 x −1
dx where n = 6

2x2
e) ∫0 1 + x 2 dx where n = 6

20
f) ∫
0
cos 2 x dx where h = 5

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B3001 Engineering Mathematics III Topic 2: Area Under The Graph

∏
g) ∫
0
2
(1 + cos x ) dx where n = 4

0.8
∫
2
h) e x dx where n = 4
0

4
i) ∫
0
4 x dx where n = 4

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B3001 Engineering Mathematics III Topic 2: Area Under The Graph

2.2 SIMPSON RULE

h
[ y 0 + y n + 4(∑ y odd ) + 2(∑ y even )]
b
∫
a
f ( x)dx =
3

Activity 2b
Calculate the area of the functions below using the Simpson Rule.

12
a) ∫
0
x 2 dx where n = 6
n Xn y0 + yn y odd y even
b−a 0 0
h=
n
1

6 12

∫ (2 + x ) dx where n = 4
4
−2
b)
1

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B3001 Engineering Mathematics III Topic 2: Area Under The Graph

∫ 2 cos θ dθ where n = 4
2
c)
0

2∏
d) ∫
0
3
(sin x ) dx where n = 4

3 ex
e) ∫
0 1+ x
dx where n = 10

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B3001 Engineering Mathematics III Topic 2: Area Under The Graph

3
f) ∫
1
ln x dx where n = 6

3 dx
g) ∫
0 1 + x3
where n = 6

x(2 − x ) dx where n = 6
2
h) ∫
0

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