Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm vpOfxkwfa0onf
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm pmrsuf E S m 2
tpdk;& ay:vmacs+yD r_rsm; =umav qdk;av jzpfvmojzifh Taqmif;yg; owday;pmudk a&;vdkuf&jcif; jzpfyg.?
(1) wH w m;wvrf ; oH w vrf ; ---wJ h ?
r=umao;rDu vlxkpdef0if;ESifhAsL;cJholu trSefjzpf&rnfh jy'g;wvrf; oHwvrf;tpm; wHwm;wvrf; oHwvrf;[k
}udrfzefrsm;pGm a&;cJhygonf? q&m}uD; vlxkpdef0if;uawmh trSeftwdkif; ajymcJhrnfrSm ajr}uD;vufcwfrvGJyg? odk haomf “AsL;” cJhol
ukd,fawmfjrwfu jrefrmpm A[kokw =uG,f0olr[kwfI toHzrf;pufxJwGif oGif;vmaom pum;rSefudk r=um;awmhbJ xifrdxif&m
22 ESpfwm umv =um+yD;aemuf etz tvdkus zGJ hpnf;vdkufaom }udK;qGJ
“wHwm;wvrf; oHwvrf;”[k “&kwfwrf;” “&rf;wkwf” vdkufjcif;om jzpfygayrnf?
&kyf }uHhzGH htpdk;&onf 2011 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiH jzpfpOftwGuf xl;jcm;jzpfpOf w&yf
jy'g;wvrf; oHwvrf; qdkaompum;rSm t*~d&yfynmrS aygufzGg;vmaom pum;jzpfygonf? jy'g;0dZ…mESifh oH 0dZ…mwdk hrSm
taejzifh ay:xGufvmcJhacs+yD?
wvrf;pDjzpfa=umif;/ “jy'g;ao waqG0” “oHao wjynf0” qdkaom yHkjyifjzifhvnf; axmufjyxm;ygonf? jy'g;&SifvHk;udk
tcif;tusi;f tm;jzifh orwrSonf 0ef}uD;Xmersm;xd OD;b,fo/l OD;b,f0g
&atmifvkyfEdkifonfh jy'g; 0dZ…mrSm 4if;.aqGrsdK;wpkudkom csrf;omatmif vkyfay;rnf jzpfaomfvnf; oHudkydkifEdkifpGm toHk;csEdkifrnfh
ponfjzifh t&yfom;tpdk;& jzpfav[ef toGifudk zefqif;xm;aomfjim;vnf; }uHhzGH
oH0dZ…murl wwdkif;wjynfvHk;udk csrf;omatmif pGrf;aqmifEdkifaprnf[k qdkvdkygonf? Tpum;yHk 2 ckudk =unhfjcif;tm;jzifh
t
h zGJ h 0ifrsm;udk t"duxm;um Adv k cf sKyfrLS ;}uD; qG&J mudu k rnfh &kyaf o;&kyf tpd;k &w&yf
a&S@jrefrm}uD;rsm;onf t*~d&yf ynmrS ydkIacwfrDaom "gwkaA'/ owWKaA'odk h ajymif;vdkcJhonfrSm xif&Sm;ygonf? taemufEdkifiHrsm;wGif
qdkonfrSmum; xif&Sm;vSayonf?
pufr_ awmfvSefa&;rsm; ay:aygufvmum =uG,f0 csrf;omoGm;=uyHku oufaocHaeygonf?
,if;tcif;tusif;udk &,lvdkI etzonf 17 ESpfvHk;vHk; ,if;wdk h. vrf;jyajryHk
(2) yk v J e H y oif h --- wJ h ?
twkdif; csDwufcJhayonf? ,ckaomf xdkvrf;jyajryHk aemufqHk;tqifhodk h c&D;
vlwdkif;avmufeD;eD; txufyg pum;yHktm;vkH;udk oHk;ae=uygonf? wcsdK hvlrsm;uqdkvSsif oD[dkVfusGef;wGif ykvJqdkolESifh
aygufajrmuf+yD; jzpfayonf? ,if;vrf;jyajryHkxGuf &kyfao;&kyf tpdk;&onfvnf;
eHyqdkolwdk h cspfcif&if;ESD;=u&mrS 4if;pum;yHkay:vmonf[k +zD;jzef;&rf;wkwf=uygonf? trSefrSm rGefbmompum;rS vmaom
jrefrmhEdkifiHa&; ZmwfcHkwGif ujytoHk;awmf cHawmhrnfjzpf.?
pum;yHkjzpfygonf? urmaumifrsm;rS &aom ykvJonf }udK;eDESifh vdkufzufonf[k qdkvdk&if;jzpfygonf? }udK;eDudk rGefbmomjzifh
trsm;jynfol arSsmfvifhxm;ouJhodk h etzonf xl;rjcm;em; oHpOfESifh
yeH[kac:ygonf? xdk ha=umifh pum;yHktrSefrSm “ykvJyeHoifh” omvSsif jzpfygonf? umva&G havsmI a&S haemuf ajymif;jyefjzpfoGm;u
rJjymykqdk; Zmwfvrf;udkyif wifqufaeav.? etz EdkifiHa&; upm;uGuftwGif;wGif
“ykvJeHyoifh” [k rSm;ae=ujcif;ygay?
0ifa&mufum vkyfuGufuav;rsm; &avrvm;[k 0if=unhfonfqdkaom ygwD
(3) bk r od brod ?
i,frsm; crsmrSmvnf; aemufqHk;wGif tdrfjznfhtjzpfESifh ordkif;wGif trnf;puf
4if;pum;yHkrSmvnf; rGefbmomrS vmjcif;jzpfygonf? “bk”ESifh “b”onf tjzLESifhtrJ[k jrefrmt"dy`g,f &ygonf? tjzLrSef;
xifuse&f u kH vGI J jynfot l wGuf bmrS vkyaf y;Edik pf rG ;f &Srd nfr[kwo f nfukd ud,k w f ikd f
trJrSef; rcGJjcm;wwfol? bmrSsrodol? iwHk;[laom oabm&ygonf? rl&if; rGefbmomrS vmrSef;rodol “jyifnm,Sd*sD;” rsm;u
od&Sdem;vnf avmuf+yD[k usaemfwdk h ,Hk=unfarSsmfvifhrdonf?
bk&ifhorD;awmf. wdwfwdwfykef; cspfolrSm csnfref;uGif; pGyfvdkufvSsif iSufuav;tjzpfjzifh rif;orD;taqmifwGifae+yD; nvlajc
xdk ha=umifh usaemfwdk harSsmfvifh awmif;waeaom 'Drdkua&pDESifh vl htcGifhta&;um;
wdwfcsdefwGif csnfref;uGif;jzKwfvkduf&m vljzpfvm+yD; orD;awmfESifh tcspfyvl;onf qdkaom Zmwfwck xGifxm;ygonf? wae hwGif
&kyfao;&kyf tpdk;&qDrS pdk;pOf;rSs arSsmfvifhp&m r&SdonfrSm xif&Sm;vS.? 'Drdkua&pDESifh
bk&if}uD; &dyrf o d mG ;I orD;awmfu 4if;.cspo f u
l kd csnrf ef;uGi;f pGy+f yD; iSuuf av;tjzpf tv$ww f iG f csnrf ef;uGi;f jywfomG ;I vljzpfvm+yD;
vl htcGifhta&;r&Sdaom wdkif;jynfrS jynfolrsm;um; vlpOfrrDaom vlrsm;tjzpf
ppfom;rsm;vufrS vGwf&efajy;&avawmh.? ppfom;rsm;udk twefi,f jzwfxm;rdcsdefwGif v,fawmtdrfwck twGif;okd h 0ifoGm;&m
EdkifiHwum pifjrifhwGif qufvuf &Sifoefae=u&ayOD;rnf? onfhtwGuf usaemfwdk@
xrif;pm;aeaom v,form;}uD;ESifh orD;. xrif;0dkif;odk h twif;0ifI pm;avawmhonf? ppfom;rsm; a&mufvmcsdefwGif 4if;u
qufvuf wdkufyGJ 0ifae=u&OD;rnf?
“pm;yg tb&Jh/ tborD;&Jh vuf&mu odyfaumif;wmbJ” [lI/ “rdef;uav;udkvnf; pm;yg rdef;r&Jh? rif;vuf&mu wae@xuf
&kyfao;&kyfudk u}udK;qGJaom ppftm%m&Sif}uD;rsm;onf olqENtwdkif;
wae@ ydkaumif;vmw,f” [4if;ajymavawmh&m ppfom;rsm;u rdom;pk xrif;0dkif;xif+yD; xGufoGm;=uavawmhrS v,form;}uD;u
qGJaernfom? &kyfao;uvnf; qufvuf uaeOD;rnfom jzpf.? ta&S htv,fydkif;
orD;udk “bka& orD;ol u h kd odovm;” [kar;&m orD;u “rodygb;l tba&/ ba&m ol u h kd odovm;”[k jyefar;jyef&m v,form;}uD;u
tm&yfEikd if rH sm;wGif tm%m&Sif qef u h sif jzKwfcsa&;rsm; wEdik if +H yD; wEdik if H awmrD;yrm
“tbvnf;rodygbl;” “vufpowfawmh bkrod brodvlygvm;” [k ajymqdkvdkufavonf? xkdtcg vlpdrf;u xdkifuefawmh+yD;
ul;pufvSsuf &Sdonf? tm&yfurBm. t}uD;qHk;aom tD*spfEdkifiHwGif vlxkwdkufyGJ?
ta=umif;pHkudk &Sif;jy&m v,form;}uD;u “bkrod brodvnf; udpPr&Sdygbl;? toufwacsmif; u,fvdkuf&wm wdk hukodkvfaygh?
vlxk tHk=uGr_ ta&;awmfyHk}uD; ay:aygufvSsuf&Sdonf?
rif;vnf; igwdk hv,fawmxJrSm ae+yD; ulvkyfay;ygvm;”[k qdk+yD; ac:xm;vdkuf&m aemufqHk;wGif orD;ESifh nm;oGm;aom
jref r mEd k i f i H a &;wG i f ta&;awmf y H k r sm; aemuf x yf ay:ayguf v m
Zmwfvrf;jzpfonf? toHwdwf&kyf&Sifacwfu “a0bm*D” [laom &kyf&Sifum;vnf; ay:bl;onf? &kyf&SifrSm vl}udKufrsm;ojzifh pum;yHk.
OD;rnfjzpfovdk vufiif;tm;jzifhvnf; e,fpyfa'orsm;wGif ppfrD;ppfvSsH pwif
rl&if; t"dy`g,fudk odol ydkenf;oGm;ygonf?
avmifu|rf;vSsuf &Sd.? ´zdvSsif =uGwwfonfh enf;wl? tm%m&Sif &Sdaeoa&G@
4“r*F v myg---wJ h ”
hykefuefawmfvSefr_rsm;uvnf; pOfqufrjywf &SdOD;rnf jzpfaoma=umifh usaemfwdk@
pma&;olwdk h i,fpOfu pI jrefrmhtoHrS ae hpOf=um;ae&aom pum;rSm “aomw&Sifrsm; usef;rmawmf rl=uyg&Jh
tzdESdyfcHrsm;onf rqHk;ao;aom awmfvSefa&; ykefuefa&;rsm;wGif udk,fus&m
vm;&Sif§cifAsm;” qdkaom E_wfcGef;quf pum;om jzpfcJhyg.? obifyGJrsm;? {nhfcHyGJrsm;wGifvnf; a&$yGJvm y&d\wfrsm; cifAsm;§&Sif?
tcef;u¾rS 0ifyg=u&rnf jzpf.? ta=umif;rlum; tm%m&Sif pepf.aus;Zl;a=umifh
{nfhawmfrsm;&Sif§cifAsm; paom E_wfcGef;quf pum;rsm;om =um;cJh&yg.? tpdk;&ausmif;rsm;wGif yxrqHk; bk&m;&Sdcdk;=u&ygonf?
,cktcg usaemfwdk honf vljzpfygvSsuf vlcsif;rwl olcsif;rrSs tEkwfpkwf *kwfpkwf
1965 ckESpfwGif ausmif;aygif;pHkudk jynfolydkifodrf;vdkuf&mwGif ,cifu ´Good morning Sir - teacher` ponfjzifh
b0udk usa&mufae&aoma=umifh jzpfayonf?
E_wq f ufc=hJ uaom t*Fvyd af usmif;rsm; enf;ud, k +l yD; tm%m&Sif Adv k af e0if;u “r*Fvmyg” [laom pum;udk xGiaf y;vdu k +f yD; “r*Fvmyg
u}ud K ;qG J o l / &k y f a o;&k y f E S i f h awmf v S e f yk e f u ef o l r sm;. ord k i f ; opf
q&m§q&mr”[k ausmif;wdkif;wGif E_wfqufcdkif;ygawmhonf? odk haomf jrefrmhtoHESifh &kyfjrifoH=um;url 1988 ckESpftxd r*FvmygESifh
tcif;tusif;rsm;udk 2011 jrefrmhordkif; pmrsufESmopfwGif usaemfwdk h qufvuf
rpao;yg? 1965 ckrS pxGio f nfh r*Fvmygq&m§ q&mr udv k nf; ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;u vlysKd q&m§ q&mrrsm;udk aemufajymif+yD;
a&;xkd;=u&ayOD;rnf?
“r*Fvm aqmifyg q&m§ q&mr” [k E_wfquf=uav&m q&m§ q&mrwdk huvnf; “b,frvJ owdk;om;§ owdk;orD;”[k jyefaemuf
=uojzifh wa0ga0g&,f+yD;om twef;rsm;udk pcJh=u&ygonf? 88 ck aemufydkif;wGifrl Adkvfae0if;xuf "g;pGrf; aoewfpGrf;xufaom
uefawmhcHcsifaom “aoemywd r[kwfaom” “aoemiwd}uD;” rsm;u “r*Fvmyg”ESifh vuftkyfcsD pepfudk "g;rdk;I cdkif;avawmh&m
&ckdiftrsKd;om;owif;pm aemifvm aemufom;wdk hrSm wuJh jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_}uD;ozG,f vdkufemae=u&ygawmhonf? ydkIqdk;onfrSm jrefrmbmom pum;
,Ofaus;r_ wdk hudk avhvm=uaom EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;u awG horSsvludk vdkuf+yD; r*Fvmyg[k E_wfquf&mwGif vltrsm;pku +yHK;&HkrSsty
t}uH a y;yk * ~ d K vf r sm; tm;upm;ESifhtjyiftqif
rnfolurSsjyef+yD; “r*Fvmyg” rvkyf=uI tla=umifa=umif jzpfukef=uygonf?
wcgu EdkifiHjcm;om; jrefrmbmomq&mrwOD;onf jrefrmjynfrS emrnf}uD; pma&;q&mr}uD;wOD;. tokbudk vkdufydk@
ygarmuQa'gufwmat;ausmf
zkd;aZmf &mwGif rom&Sifudka&m awG@orSsvludkyg “tm;vHk; r*Fvmyg&Sif”[k E_wfqufvdkufavawmh&m “idktm;xuf &,ftm;oef”
OD;cifarmif=unf
“zpfrSzpf&yav”[k ajym&awmhrvdk jzpfoGm;ygonf? aemufqHk;wGif raeEdkifolwOD;u rom 4if;tokbqdkonfrSm jrefrmr_wGif
vSapm(James)
“tr*Fvm udp”P jzpfI “r*Fvmyg” [k E_wrf qufoifah =umif; &Si;f jyvdu k &f m Edifk if jH cm;ol q&mru “'Dvq kd &kd if jrefrm bmompum;oif
t,f'DwmcsKyf jzef@csDa&; pmtkyaf wGrmS bma=umifh E_wcf eG ;f quf pum;vdk ah &;xm;wmvJ”[k apm'u wufavawmh&m 4if;yk*Kd~ vfrmS rcso
tm%mpufeJ hvkyfxm;wmyg? wu,fjrefrmr_awG r[kwfygbl;” [kom ajymvdkuf&&Smygawmhonf?
d mG ;+zJ&,f&if; “'gawGu
aX;0if; ukdcifarmifxGef; (*syef) ,cktcsdefwGifawmh jynfwGif;wGifomru jynfytoHv$ifhXmersm; &kyfjrifoH=um;rsm;uyg r*Fvmyg jzpfae=uyg+yD? ppftpdk;&udk
ukdarmifwl(rav;&Sm;)
vuf a xmuf t ,f ' D w m qef husifygonf qdkolrsm;u ppftpdk;& t"rR jrefrmr_jyKxm;onfrsm;udk bma=umifh vdkufemae&onfudk pma&;ol em;rvnfEdkifyg?
rif;Ekdifol “trsm;nD Tudku|J[kzwf” [k qdk&rnfom jzpfygawmhonf?
xk w f a 0onf h a e&m ydkI “tjrifrawmf qifawmfESifh cavmuf” jzpf&onfrSm rsdK;cspf udka&$&cdkifrsm;u “armif*vmyg”[k &cdkifoHjzifh a&'D,dka&m
xkdif;EkdifiH befaumuf+rdKŒ &kyjf rifo=H um;wGiyf g vkyaf e=ujcif;jzpfygonf? uG,v f eG o
f l jrefrm&cdik f y¾dwf q&m}uD; OD;OD;omxGe;f rsm;=um;cJyh gvsS if bmajymrnfrodyg?
tk y f c sKyf a &;rS L ; rdrdwdk h tzdk;oSsif/ tabmifoSsif/ tbDo#if / tZloSsifrsm;udk ar;=unhf=uyg? &cdkifrsm; b,f&moD b,facwfu “armif*vmyg”=uygenf;?
ckdifrsKd;cspfxGef; ANN T&cdkif owif;pm. em,u q&m}uD; a'gufwmat;ausmfonf r=umc% “&cdkifr_”rsm; a&;om;avh&Sdygonf? q&m}uD;udkvnf;
owif ; pk a qmif ; ol r sm; P-O BOX (16) BANG BON ar;=unhf=uygOD;? “armif*vmyg” qdkonfrSm &cdkifE_wfqufenf; [kwfr[kwf qdkonfudk/ pdwfnpfyD; q&m}uD;. rsufapha&m*g
atmifjrifhodef; P-O ausmufuyf a&m*gwkd hydkqdk;oGm;rnfrSm aocsmygonf?
bom BANGKOK-THAILAND tcsdK h&cdkifrsdK;cspfrsm;u qdkavh&Sdygonf? jrefrm ,Ofaus;r_ESifh igwdk hESifhrqdkif? igwdk hrSm oD;jcm; ,Ofaus;r_ &Sdonf ponfjzifh?
bapmwif 10151 rSefygonf/ &cdkifESifh jrefrm oD;jcm;,Ofaus;r_rsm; &Sd=uygonf? Todk hoD;jcm; ,Ofaus;r_ &SdygvSsufESifh ppftm%m&Sifrsm; xGifxm;aom
ausmfEkdifOD; arakannews@gmail.com r*Fvmygudk &cdkifoHjzifh “armif*vmyg” vkyfae=uonfu oifhawmfyg.avm? tjcm; &cdkfifE_wfcGef;quf pum;wckjzifh tpm;rxdk;
PHONE 0869368721 oifh+yDavm[k pOf;pm;=uyg rsdK;cspf udka&$&cdkifrsm; cifAsm;?
ykÀu
TwGifa&G h edwd̂wH?
}udKifoef;
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm vpOfxkwfa0onf
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm pmrsuf E S m 3
&ckdif wkdif;&if;om; a'gufwm at;armifonf ppfawG vl&nfcsGef wOD;jzpfcJh+yD; 1981 ckESpfwGif arG;jrLa&;ESifhaq;ukoa&; wuUokdvfrS ar;? ? jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;orkdif;udk jyef=unfh&if p0fa&$odkufwkd@ ref;0if;armifwkd@ aemufykdif;rSm
bGJŒ&&SdcJhonf? Edik if aH wmftqifh &mxl;}uD;awGrmS wkid ;f &if;om;awG taeeJ@ bma=umifh r&&Sad wmhwmygv?J
tckcsdefrSma&m yg0ifcGifh&Sdae+yDvm; r&Sdao;bl;vm; ? b,fvkd &SdygovJ?
touf 54 ESpf&Sd a'gufwmat;armifonf txufwef;jy q&mr t+idrf;pm; ZeD;onf / om;orD; 2 OD;ESifhtwl ppfawG+rKdŒwGif
aexkdifvsuf&Sdonf? ajz? ? jynf a xmif p k ppf r S e f a tmif zef w D ; =ur,f q k d & if a v? jynf a xmif p k
orRwjrefrmEkdifiHawmfqkdwm pm&Gufay:rSmyJ a&;vkd@ r+yD;bl;av? vlrsKd;}uD;wck[m
ar;? ? 'Duae@ v$wfawmfwGif; 'korRwa&G;cs,fr_eJ@ ywfouf+yD; odcsifvkd@yg? tcGifhta&;udk enf;,lekdif&r,fav? usaemfwkd@ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;i,fav;awG&JŒ
tcGifhta&;awGukdvnf; azmfay;Ekdif&r,fav? 'grSvnf;yJ EkdifiH}uD;om;yDorSmayghAsm?
ajz? ? usaemfwkd@ trsKd;om;v$wfawmftwGif;rSm jynfckdif+zKd; (jynfaxmifpk}uHhckdifa&;ESifh zGHŒ+zKd;a&;ygwD) uyJ rJtompD;eJ@ 'korRwae&m [efaqmif yefaqmifr[kwfbJeJ@ tESpfom&&Sd&Sd ay;zkd@ vkdw,fav? vlrsKd;pkHygEkdifatmif /
&oGm;ygw,f? jynfol@v$wfawmfrSmvnf;yJ jynfckdif+zKd;ygwDuyJ &oGm;ygw,f? vlenf;pkrkd@ csefxm;cJhwmrsKd;rjzpfatmif / vlrsKd;}uD;rkd@vkd@ tukefvkH;ukd odrf;usKH; ,lwmrsKd;
rjzpfatmif / tjrif}uD;}uD;eJ@ wm0ef&SdwJh yk*~KdvfawGu qkH;jzwf=u&rSmyg?
ar;? ? rJtompD;eJ@qkdawmh b,fESpfrJtuGmeJ@ q&mu &_H;edrfhcJhwmvJ?
ar;? ? tck q k d & if jynf c k d i f + zKd ; ygwD u yJ Ek d i f i H h & J Œ tjrif h q k H ; tqif h &mxl ; awG u k d
ajz? ? usaemf&wmu 27 rJyg? 1 rJu y,frJjzpfoGm;ygw,f? jynfckdif+zKd;ygwD 140 rJ&oGm;ygw,f? jynfolŒv$wfawmfrSmawmh usaemf odr;f usK;H ,lomG ;+yDqadk wmh Ekid if aH &;jy\emawG ajz&Si;f &mrSm 'Dru dk &ufwpft&yfom;ygwD
=um;oavmuf zvkH-pa0:ygwDu OD;apmodef;atmifu rJ40 &&Sd+yD;awmh usefwJhrJtm;vkH;ukd OD;odef;pdefu &&SdoGm;w,fvdk@ =um;ygw,f? udk,fpm;vS,fawG&JŒ aqmif&GufEkdifr_u b,favmuftxd &SdEkdifygOD;rvJ?
ar;? ? rae@u jyKvkyfcJhwJh 'k orRw t&nfcsif;jynfhrDr_ &Sdr&Sd a&G;cs,fpOfrSm bmawG }uKHawGŒcJh&ygovJ? ajz? ? 'Dvkdyg? usaemfwkd@ rD;yGKdifhwckjzwf&if teDuae tpdrf;a&muf+yD;rS jzwfvkd@&wmukd;?
teDuae tpdrf;ra&mufcif t 0guav; jzpfaecsdefrSm apmifh=u&wmmukd;? qkdawmh
ajz? ? 'k orRw a&G;wJhtcgrSm uef@owfcsufav;awG &Sdygw,f? zGJŒpnf;ykHxJrSm 'korRw[m ppfa&;tjrif &Sd&r,f qkdwJh tcsufygygw,f? usaemfwkd@u t0ga&mifav;ukd apmifhae=uwmyg?
ppfa&;tjrifeJŒywfoufvkd@ usaemfwkd@ t&yfom;ukd,fpm;vS,f 2 OD;ukd t&nftcsif; jynfhrDw,fvkd@ olwkd@ owfrSwfygw,f? qkdawmh
v$wfawmf 2 &yfpvkH;rSm 'kwd,orRwae&mukdvnf; t&yfom; ukd,fpm;vS,f wOD;[m a&G;cs,fcHykdifcGifh&Sdw,fqkdwJh vrf;awmh
yGifhoGm;w,fayghAsm? tJ'gav;wckygyJ?
ar;? ? wkdif;&if;om; 'Drkdu&ufwpf ygwD acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfw,f? v$wfawmfxJukd a&mufawmhvnf; usef 'Drkd u&ufwpf ygwDawG&JŒ
a&G;cs,fr_t& 'k orRw&mxl; vsmxm;cH&wJh txdjzpfcJhw,f? aemufykdif;rSmawmh 'k orRwtjzpf a&G;cs,f rcHcJh&bl;? 'geJ@ ywfouf+yD;
b,fvkd cHpm;&ygovJ?
ajz? ? usaemfwkd@ oabmaygufygw,f? v$wfawmft&yf&yf&JŒ OuUX eJ@ 'k OuUX ae&mawGukd jynfckdif+zKd; ygwDuyJ &,l
vkdufw,fqkduwnf;u 0ifaygufpnf;ukd ydwfvkdufw,fqkdwm usaemfwkd@ oabmaygufygw,f? wpkHwckudkwifr,f? Oya'=urf;wckudk
wifr,fq&dk if 'DcaHk yguu
f 0ifr&S rSmuk;d ? aemuf Ekid if aH wmforRwwk@d bmwk@d qw
dk mvnf; twGi;f pnf; xJrmS &Sw
d muk;d ? vk+H cKHa&;tm;jzifah &m
tajctaet&yf&yfukd jyef=unfh&if w&m;rSsww,fvkd@ usaemf xifygw,f? 'gayr,fh r=umcifrSm jynfaxmifpktqifh tzGJŒtpnf;awG
zGJŒ=uawmhr,f? jynfaxmifpkw&m;&kH;wkd@ ckH&kH;wkd@ qkdwmawG jzpfvmawmh rSmukd;? tJ'DtzGJŒawGtwGif;rSm wkdif;&if;om;tzGJŒpkH / ygwDpkHu
(RNDP) OuU X a'guf w mat;armif
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm vpOfxkwfa0onf
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm pmrsuf E S m 4
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm vpOfxkwfa0onf
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm pmrsuf E S m 6
pmrsuf E S m 1 rS t quf
orwtjzpf a&G ; cs,f w if a jrS m uf c H & onf h O D ; od e f ; pd e f o wif ; rS t quf
rª; (2) 'kwd,AkdvfcsKyf}uD; wifOD; &[wf ,mOf ysufus aoqkH;+yD; aemuf OD;odef;pdef onf
jynfaxmifpkae@wGif a':pku
ppfa&;csKyf jzpfvmonf?
2004 ck E S p f ppf a umif p D . twG i f ; a&;rª ; (1) 'k Ak d v f c sKyf } uD ; pk d ; 0if ; u
0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf ajymif;vJ wm0ef,l &onfh tcg ppfaumifpD. twGif;a&;rª; (1) ae&mukd
wdkif;&if;om;nDnGwfa&; ta&;}uD;[k ajym
OD;odef;pdefu qufvuf wm0ef ,lcJhonf?
xkd@aemuf EkdifiHawmf 0ef}uD;csKyf 'k AkdvfcsKyf}uD; pdk;0if; usef;rma&; csdKŒ,Gif;
vmonfh twGuf 2007ckESpf {+yDvwGif OD;odef;pdefu ,m,D0ef}uD;csKyfjzpfvm+yD; xkd
ESpf atmufwkdbmvwGif w&m;0if 0ef}uD; csKyf jzpfvmcJhonf?
twGif;a&;rª; (1) ae&mukdrl ,ck 'k orRwjzpfvmonfh ppfaxmufcsKyf
AkdvfcsKyf}uD;a[mif; oD[ol& wifatmif jrifhOD;udk v$Jajymif;ay;cJhonf?
0ef}uD;csKyftjzpfjzifh EkdifiHwum rsufESmpmwGif tmqD,H tpnf;ta0;rsm;/
awmiftm&S EkdifiHrsm;/ w&kwf / *syefESifh tar&duef EkdifiHrsm;okd@ oGm;a&mufcJhonf?
2009ckESpf rwfvtwGif; oGm; a&mufcJhonfh pifumylEkdifiH c&D;pOfwGif
pifumylEkdifiHu opfcGwrsdK;ukd 'rf'&kdAD,rf odef;pdef [k trnfay; *k%fjyjcif;cH&onf?
2010 ckESpf {+yD wGif a&G; aumufyGJ 0if&eftwGuf ppfbuf&mxl; AkdvfcsKyf}uD;
tjzpfrS Ekwx f uG +f yD; jynfaxmifpk }uhcH idk af &;ESihf zG+H zdK;a&; ygwD OuUÏ tjzpf wm0ef,cl o hJ nf?
xkd@aemuf 2010 ckESpf Ekd0if bmvwGif usif;yonfh a&G;aumufyGJwGif OD;odef;pdef
OD;aqmifonfh }uHzGHygwDu rJtrsm;pkjzifh tEkdif&cJh+yD;aemuf ,ck orRwjzpfvmcJhonf?
OD ; od e f ; pd e f E S i f h ZeD ; a':cif c if 0if ; wG i f orD ; ES p f O D ; &S d + yD ; wOD ; jzpf o nf h
jynf a xmif p k a e h t crf ; tem;ud k *syef w G i f u sif ; yaeyk H
r,OfolZmodef;onf 2009 ckESpf azazmf 0g&Dv twGif;u Akdvf}uD; [ef0if;atmif ESifh
vufxyfcJhonf? bom (*syef) azz0g&D 16
(OD;odef;pdef. udk,fa&; tcsuftvuf rsm;udk {&m0wD owif;rS &,lonf) (64) }udrfajrmuf jynfaxmifpkae htcrf;tem;rsm;udk jynfwGif; jynfy ae&mXmetoD;oD;wGif usif;y jyKvkyfcJh=uonf?
&efukef+rdKŒ NLD XmecsKyf&Hk;wGif usif;yaom jynfaxmifpkae@ tcrf;tem;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ,ckuJhodk hajymcJhonf[k
tdrfa&SŒyl tdrfaemufydkcsrf;om od&onf?
“taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ajymoGm;&mrSm 'Duae@ tvkt d yfq;kH [m trsK;d om; jyefvnf oihjf rwfa&;eJ@
jynfaxmifpk wkdif;&if;om;tm;vHk; nDnGwfzdk@jzpfw,f/ tJ'Dvkd nDnGwfzdk@qkd&if w&m; Oya' pdk;rkd;zkd@vdkw,f/ Oya'yg tcGihfta&;awGudk
wkdif;&if;om;tm;vHk; wef;wl&nfwl nDwlnDrSs cHpm;cGihf&=uzdk@ ta&;}uD;w,f/ EkdifiHa&; aqmif&GufwJhae&mrSmvnf; wkdif;&if;om;tm;vHk;
yg0ifEkdifatmif us,fus,f jyef@jyef@ aqmif&Guf&r,f/ tJvdkyg0ifEkdif tvkyfvkyfEkdif=urSom ppfrSefwJh wkdif;&if;om;nDnGwfa&; &r,f/
tvkyfvkyfwJh ae&mrSmvnf; rSefuefwJh apwemeJ@/ ZGJowWd &Sd&SdeJ@ atmifjrif&r,fqkdwJh oHEMdÏmefeJ@ }udK;yrf;rSom jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwf
&Sifoefa&;eJ@ wu,fh wkdif;&if;om; aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&; &rSmjzpfw,fvkd@ ajymoGm;ygw,f” [k ajymcJha=umif; wufa&mufcJhol wmarG
vli,fwOD;u qko d nf?
tvm;wl *sefEdkifiHwGifvnf; jrefrm'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkrsm; pkaygif;um jynfaxmifpkae htcrf;tem;udk usif;ycJh=uonf?
wufa&mufcJhol &ckdifvli,fwOD;u “'DeSpftcrf;tem;rSm wdkif;&if;om;aygif;pHk yg0if qifE$J=uwmudk awG h&w,f? usaemfwdk hqDu qdk&if
q&m}uD; OD;cifarmif=unf wufa&mufygw,f? t*Fvefu vmwmyg? q&m}uD;ajymwJh rdef;cGef;u tm;rmefyg+yD; tifrwef em;axmifvdk@
aumif;ygw,ff” [k qdkonf? xdk hjyif &cdkif ,Ofaus;r_ uuGufwckjzpfaom ydk;0gtuudk rapmat;wifu ujycJha=umif; od&onf?
pmrsuf E S m 1 rS t quf
a&;udk csDwuf oGm;r,f? ppfa&; jrifhwifwJh ae&mrSm &ckdifjynfolawGeJŒ yl;aygif; aqmif
&GufoGm;r,fqdkwJh ta=umif; awGudk ajymcJhygw,f”
4if;jyif olu “wufa&muf vmwJh &ckdiftrsdK;om;awGudk usaemfwkdŒ&JŒ
acgif;aqmifawGu zuf'&,fudk vdkcsifvm; vGwfvyfa&; Independence udk vdck sif
ovm;vkŒd ar;wJt h cg wufa&muf vmol awGu Independence / Independence
vkdŒ oHk;=udrfoHk;cg atmf[pf ajz =um; cJh=uygw,f?”
tqdyk g tcrf;tem;udk rav;&Sm; Edik if w H iG f a&mufae=uaom &cdik t f vkyf orm;
500 cefŒ wufa&mufcJh+yD; ALP acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; vuf&Sd jrefrmEdkifiHta&;/ &ckdifjynf
ta&;rsm;ESihf ywfoufjyD; tjyef tvSefar;jref;r_rsm; jyKvkyfcJh=ua=umif; od&onf?
,ckuJhodkŒ tcrf;tem;udk rav; &Sm;wGif usif;y jyKvkyf&jcif;ESihf ywfouf+yD;
cdkifrdk;aZmfu ,ckuJhodkŒ qufajymonf?
“usaemfwkdŒ tckvkd usif;y&wmu rav; &Sm;a&muf &ckdifawGeJŒ EkdifiHwumrSm a&muf &Sd yd k ; 0gtujzif h rapmat;wif u ujyaeyk H
ae=uwJh &ckdifjynfolawG trsKd;om;a&; pdwf"mwf &Sifoefxufjruf vmzdkŒeJŒ vuf&Sd
jrefrmhEdkifiHa&; tajctaeeJŒ etz ppftkyfpku w&mr0if a&G;aumufyGJ=uD; jyKvkyf bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif; jzdKzsufcH&I Ak'<bmom0if
oGm;cJhwmudk &ckdifol &cdkifom;awGu em;vnfod&SdzkdŒ/ aemufjyD;awmh &ckdifjynfol awG
olŒu|efb0u vGwfajrmufzdkŒtwGuf ppfqifa&;awG jrSihfwifvmwJh tcg jynfol
awG t aeeJ Œ b,f v k d tcef ; u¾awG u trsKd ; om;a&; ppf y G J u d k yg0if v mEd k i f z d k Œ eJ Œ
300 eD;yg;cefŒ aumhpfbZm;wGif qENjy
aemufwcsufu &ckdifjynf vGwfajrmuf twGuf &ckdifjynfol jynfom;awGtm;vHk; ed&dOP&m owif;Xme azz0g&D 17
yl;aygif;yg0if vmEkdif&ef twGuf jyKvkyf&jcif; jzpfygw,f” Ak'<bmom bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif; wpfausmif;tm; a'ocH b*FvD rGwfqvifrsm;u 0ifa&muf +zdKzsufrludk uefŒuGufonfh
tcrf;tem;udk ALP ygwrD S 'k-OuUX(2) ckid rf sK;d rif;ESifh taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL; taejzifh ,aeŒeHeufu Ak'<bmom0if 300 eD;yg; aumhbZm;+rdKŒwGif qENjy uefŒuGufcJh=uonf?
a':apmjr&mZmvif;wkŒd tjyif rav; XmecGrJ S wm0ef&rdS sm;vnf; wufa&muf cJ=h u onf[k qENjyyGwJ iG f yg0ifco
hJ l OD;armifat;csr;f u “ vlaygi;f 200 ausm/f 300 xdawmif &Srd ,fxifygw,f? trsm;pku Ak'b < mom0ifawGyg/
od & onf ? ,ck u J h o k d Œ awG Œ qH k y G J r sKd ; ud k ALP ygwD & H k c G J & S d & m Ed k i f i H r sm;wG i f v nf ; [dENdvlrsdK;awGvnf; yg0ifwmudk awGŒ&ygw,f? t"duawmh olajymwJh txJrSm vlenf;pkawG&JŒ bmoma&; taqmufttHkawGudk
usif;yjyKvkyfoGm;&ef tpDpOfrsm; &Sda=umif; ckdifaZmfrdk;u ajymonf? tpdk;&u umuG,fapmifhxdef;ay;zdkŒ wm0ef&Sdw,fqdkjyD; ajymoGm;wmudk awGŒ&ygw,f” [k ajymonf?
tqdyk g awGŒqHyk t JG crf;tem;udk aeŒvnf 1 em&DwiG f pwifcjhJ yD; nae 6 em&Dcw JG iG f OD;aqmif vlyf&Sm;ol wpfOD; jzpfol udkausmfaZmatmifuvnf; “ u|efawmfwdkŒ 'DuaeŒ qENjy&wm twdkif;twmxd wpfckxd
&ckdifh tvHawmfESihf ALP ygwD tvHawmftm; a0SŒ&rf;um &ckdifppfcsDaw;udk zGihfvSpfI atmifjrifrl &&Sdw,fvdkŒ ,lqygw,f? Ak'<bmom0ifawGomru c&pf,mefbmom0ifawG/ [dENL bmom0ifawGvnf; usGefawmfwdkŒeJŒ
tqHk; owfcJh=ua=umif; od& onf? twl 0ifa&mufjyD; qENjyw,f? axmufcH tm;ay;rlawGudkvnf; &&Sdygw,f? yD;&if u|efawmfwdkŒ vdkvm; awmif;qdkwJh tcsufawGudkvnf;
&cdkifjynf vGwfajrmufa&; ygwDudk 1968 ckESpf ywf0ef;usifu &efukefwGif txuf tm%mydkifawGudk pma&;jyD; awmif;qdkcJhygw,f” [k ajymonf?
pwifzGJŒpnf;cJhjyD; 1973-74 ckESpfwGif u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; e,fajrwGif OuUX}uD; ,ckuJhodkŒ awmif;qdkojzifh txuftm%mydkifrsm;u bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif; wnfwHha&; twGuf ulnDay;Edkifrnf[k xifyg
cdkifrdk;vif;u jyefvnf xlaxmif zGJŒpnf;cJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif OuUX}uD; cdkifrdkif;vif; ovm;[k ar;jref;&m olu ,ckuJhokdŒ ajymonf?
tmZmenfyo D pGmjzifh csi;f jynfe,f wae&mwGif Arm ppfwyfEiS hf wdu k cf u
kd pf Of usq;kH oGm;cJjh yD; “ txuftm%mydik af wGu b,fvkd oabmxm;r,fqw kd mudak wmh rod&ao;ygb;l ? 'Dausmif;awmfukd jyefvnf xde;f odr;f a&;
vuf&dS useaf ecJah om ygwD OuUX cdik &f cJ ikd Ef iS hf ygwD 'kOuUX cdik pf ;kd Edik af tmifu ygwu D dk jyefvnf twGuf Xmeqdik &f mawG&ŒJ tultnDrygbeJ ŒJ jyKvkyzf Œkd qkw d m rvG,u f El ikd yf gb;l ? bmjzpfvŒkd vnf;qdak wmh wpfcsKd Œ bmoma&; tpGe;f a&muf
xlaxmifcJhonf? &cdkifjynf v$wfajrmufa&; ygwDrSm &cdkifh vGwfvyfa&; twGuf vufeuf awGu tm;}uD;aewJh twGuf b,folrS olwdkŒudk rajym&Jbl;? ajym&ifvnf; &kdufwm ykwfwm nSOf;yrf;ESdyfpufwmawGvnf; &SdwJhtwGuf
udkifaeaom &cdkifjynfrS tiftm;t=uD; qHk;ESifh pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrl tawmifhwif;qHk; ygwD jzpfygw,f?”
w&yf jzpfonf? 4if;jyifolu “ 'Dvdk vkyfaewmudk oufqdkif&m tpdk;&u umuG,f ray;Edkif&if t=uif t=uif vlenf;pkawG taeeJŒ 'DEdkifiHrSm
ygwD. vuf&Sd acgif;aqmifrsm;rSm OuUX cdkif&Jcdkif/ 'kOuUX (1) cdkifpdk;Edkifatmif/ a&SŒquf aeEdkifzdkŒqdkwm jzpfEdkifawmhrSm r[kwfygbl;” [k olu ajymonf?
'kOuUX (2) cdkifrsdK;rif;/ taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL; atmifrdk;a0(ac: ) apmjr&mZmvif;/ qENjyyGJudk aumhbZm;c&dkif DC aumfr&Sif&Hk;a&SŒwGif jyKvkyfcJh=ujyD; eHeuf 10 em&DcGJrSm pwifum 12 em&Dxd uefŒuGuf
wGb J uftwGi;f a&;rSL; (1) cdik &f efaemifp;kd / wGb J uf twGi;f a&;rSL; (2) cdik o f ck wdŒk jzpf=uonf? qENjycJh=ua=umif; od&Sd&onf?
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm vpOfxkwfa0onf
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm pmrsuf E S m 7
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm vpOfxkwfa0onf
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm pmrsuf E S m 8
'kAdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;om;ruf
pnf;urf;rvdkufemojzifh wyfuxGuf& tD * spf j ynf o l r sm;qEN j yr_ a eyk H
{&m0wD
AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD; oef;a&$u 'k AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD; armifat;. om;rufjzpfol Adkvfrª;jynfatmifudk wyfpnf;urf; rvdkufemr_jzifh
ppfwyfrS xkwfy,fvkdufa=umif; ppfbuf tokdif;t0ef;wGif ajymae=uonf? jynfe,fESihfwkdif; 0ef}uD;csKyfrsm;udk ppfwyf
'k AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;armifat;. wOD;wnf;aom orD; reENmat;ESifh vufxyfxm;ol pufr_ 1 0ef}uD; OD;atmifaomif;. om;
Adkvfrª;jynfatmifonf Adkvfrª;rsm; rjzpfrae wufa&muf&rnfh wyf&if;rª; oifwef;udk rwufbJ w&kwfEkdifiHokd@ oGm;a&mufcJha=umif;/ t&m&SdESifh t&m&Sda[mif;rsm;udk cef@tyf
xkod @dk oifwef; ysuu f uG cf jhJ cif;udk 'k Adv
k cf sKyf}uD; rif;atmifvid_ u
f Adv k cf sKyfr;ª }uD; oef;a&$xH today; wkid =f um;cJ&h mrS Adv
k rf ;ª jynfatmifudk
ed&dOP&m owif;Xme 12 azz0g&D
wyfpnf;urf; rvdkufemr_jzifh AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD; oef;a&$u wyfrS xkwfy,fcJhjcif; jzpfonf[k aejynfawmf ppfwyftokdif;t0ef;rS owif;
,refaeŒu wkdif;ESihfjynfe,fESifh 0ef=uD;csKyfrsm;udk orRw OD;odef;pdefrS cefŒtyf
&&Sdonf?
vdkuf&mwGif }uŒHcdkifa&; ygwDrS ppft&m&Sdrsm;ESifh ppft&m&Sda[mif;rsm;udk a&G;cs,f cefŒtyf
“AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;u aemufrSm &mxl;wufzdk@ apmifhaewJh wyfrawmft&m&SdawG wef;pDaewm/ jynfatmif pnf;urf; ysufvdk@
vdkufa=umif; od&onf?
aemufval wG oifwef;wufz@kd uaomif;ueif; jzpfw,f/ aemuf+yD; wyfrawmft&m&Su d oufqidk &f mudk ta=umif;r=um;bJ Ekid if &H yfjcm;udk
tqkdyg 0ef=uD;csKyfrsm;rSm &efukefwkdif; OD;jrifhaqG(AdkvfcsKyf=uD;a[mif;)/ rE Wav;
xGufw,f? 'gawGu }uD;av;wJhtjypfawGyJ qkd+yD; wyfuxkwfzdk@ rif;atmifv_difudk n$ef=um;wmvdk@ =um;w,f” [k aejynfawmf ppfbuf
wkid ;f OD;tke;f jrifh (Adv
k cf sKyf=uD;a[mif;)/ weoFm&Dwidk ;f OD;cifaZmf(Akv
d cf sKyf=uD;a[mif;)/ ppfuikd ;f
owif;&yfuGufESifh eD;pyfolwOD;u ajymonf?
wkdif; OD;omat; (AdkvfcsKyf=uD;a[mif;)/ yJcl;wkdif; OD;Om%f0if;(EdkifiHjcm;a&; 0ef=uD;a[mif;)/
Adv
k rf ;ª jynfatmifukd wyfrS xkwyf ,fjcif;tay: 'k Adv k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;armifat;u rauseyfaomfvnf; pnf;urf; ysuu f u G jf cif;a=umifh
{&m0wDwkdif; OD;odef;atmif (opfawm0ef=uD;)/ rauG; wkdif; OD;bkef;armfa&$ (AkdvfcsKyf=uD;
xkwfy,fjcif; jzpfonfqdkaom ta=umif;jycsuf cdkifvkHojzifh rnfokd@rSs rajymombJ E_wfqdwf ae&onf[k od&Sd&onf?
a[mif;)/ u&ifjynfe,f AdkvfcsKyf aZmfrif;/ rGefjynfe,f OD;tkef;jrifh(owWKwGif;0ef=uD;/
Adkvfrª;jynfatmif/ OD;aeatmif tygt0if OD;atmifaomif;. om;rsm;onf IGE ukr`%Dudk wnfaxmifxm;+yD; obm0
&ckdifjynfe,f OD;vS armifwif (AdkvfrSL;=uD; a[mif;)/ &Srf;jynfe,f OD;atmifjrwf(c)
"mwfaiGŒESifh a&eHykdufvkdif; oG,fwef;jcif; vkyfief;rsm; uefx&kduf&&Sdxm;aoma=umifh r=umc%qkdovdk w&kwfjynfokd@ &uf&Snf
p0fatmifjrwf/ ucsifjynfe,f OD;v*sGefiefqdkif;/ u,m;jynfe,f OD;cifarmifOD;/ csif;jynfe,f
c&D;oGm;a&muf+yD; w&kwfpD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;&Sifrsm;ESifh pD;yGm;a&; udpPaqG;aEG;jcif;/ w&kwf enf;ynmrsm;ukd oGm;a&mufavhvmjcif;rsm;
OD;[kefidkif; (AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;)wdkŒjzpfonf?
jyKvkyfavh&Sdonf[k 4if;wdk@ESifh eD;pyfaom tokdif;t0ef;u ajymonf?
4if;tjyif 0ef=uD;Xme 34 ck twGuf 0ef=uD; ta,muf 30 cefŒtyf&mwGifvnf;
IGE ukr`%Donf ausmufrsuf&wem vkyfief;/ obm0"mwfaiGŒ ykdufvkdif;oG,fwef;jcif; vkyfief;/ tr&m b%fvkyfief;
Armr[kwfaom wkdif;&if;om; vlrsKd;rsm; wOD;rS yg0ifjcif; r&Sda=umif; od&onf? orRw
tygt0if jynfwGif; pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;rsm;pGm vkyfukdifvsuf&Sd+yD; tpkd;&ykdif [kdw,frsm;/ ajruGufESifh puf&kHrsm; ukdvnf; v$Jajymif;
OD;odef;pdef wifoGif;aom 0ef=uD; 30 OD;xJwGuf t&yfom; 4 OD;omyg0ifa=umif; od&onf?
&,lvsuf&Sdonf[k od&Sd&onf?
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm vpOfxkwfa0onf
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm pmrsuf E S m 9
e&Dvif;vuf ({&m0wD) 2 azz0g&D ajyoG m ;wmyg” [k r[meef ; pD ; yG m ;a&; twGif;rSm ¶_d;yGJawG rvkyfzdk@ wm0ef&Sdol
rav;&S m ;a&muf jref r mrsm; vkyfief;pkrS rpef;pef;i,fu ajymonf? awG u vmajymxm;w,f ? usaemf w d k @
twGuf yxrt}udrf t}uD;us,fqHk; *Dw tqdyk g yGo
J nf jrefrm tqdak wmf w¶kwfESpfopf ul; yGJawmf txdrf;trSwfeJ@
yGJawmf}uD;w&yfudk azz0g&D 3 &ufae@ wGif 50 ausmf yg0ifaoma=umifh yxrqHk; [pfyfa[mhyf yGJwckvkyfzdk@ pDpOfxm;wm
usif;yrnf[k od&onf? rav;&Sm;EdkifiHa&muf jrefrmrsm;twGuf ysuf o G m ;wmaygh ” [k yG J p D p Of o l w OD ; u
Iron Cross (IC) aw;*Dw t}uD;us,fqHk; usif;yrnfh yGJjzpfonf [k {&m0wDudk ajymonf?
0dkif;/ tifyg,m wD;0dkif;tygt0if wjcm; od&onf?
aom wD;0dkif; 4 0dkif;ESifh *Dw e,fy,f toD; 4if;ESihft+ydKif rav;&Sm;EdkifiH&Sd qufvufI 4if;u ¶_d;yGJ trsm;pkudk oDwif;
oD;rS jrefrmtEkynm&Sif 52 OD;wdk@onf arm&Srf; pm;aomufqdkifrS azazmf0g&D 3 u|wfvjynfh/ wefaqmifrkef;vjynfh/ urBmh
azazmf 0 g&D 3 &uf E S i f h 4 &uf a e@wG i f &uf E S i f h 4 &uf a e@wG i f emrnf } uD ; IC ESpfopful;ae@/ w¶kwfESpfopful; ponfh {&m0wD 10 azz0g&D
rav;&Sm;EdkifiH/ azazmf0g&D 5 &ufae@wGif wD;0kdif;ESifh yifwdkiftqdkawmfrsm; jzpf=u yGifhvif;&moD yGJawmf&ufrsm;wGif usif;y orRw OD;odef;pdefudk tpkd;& tkyfcsKyfa&; tm%mv$Jay;rnf jzpfaomfvnf;
pifumylEdkifiHrsm;odk@ oGm;a&muf azsmfajz aom av;jzL/ tiJ/ rsdK;}uD;ESifh 0dkif0dkif; avh&Sdojzifh xdkodk@aom &ufrsm;wGif usif;y Adv
k cf sKyfr;ª }uD; oef;a&$ OD;aqmifyg0ifaom Ekid if OhH aoSsmif tzGŒJ zGŒJ pnf;+yD; tkycf sKyfa&; ,E &W m;
=urnf jzpfonf? wd@k tjyif arcvm/ aumfe/D jzLjzLausmo f ed ;f / cGifh ydwfyifygu tqdkawmfrsm;/ *Dworm; udk }uD;=uyfuGyfuJrnf jzpfa=umif; aejynfawmftajcpkduf owif; &yfuGufrS pkHprf;od&Sd
“3 &ufae@us&if r[meef; qdkif cspfoka0/ oZif/ L qdkif;ZD/ N udkif&m/ rsm;ES i f h yG J p D p Of o l r sm; tenf ; ES i f h t rsm; &onf?
twGuf uGmvmvrfylrSm azsmfajzr,f? 4 a&AuU m 0if ; wd k @ yg0if o nf h 8 Lady xdcdkufr_&Sdonf[k qdkonf? jrefrmEkid if u H kd t"du }uD;=uyfuyG u f J tkycf sKyfrnfh tzGŒJ tpnf;rsm;tjzpf Adv k cf sKyf
&ufae@ us&if arm&Srf;qdkif eJ@ 5 &ufae@ Show yGJ udkvnf;usif;yrnf jzpfonf? jrefrmjynfwiG f w¶kwEf pS o f pfu;l rª;}u;D oef;a&$ OD;aqmifaom Ekid if OhH aoSsmiftzGŒJ ESihf Ekid if aH wmf orRw OD;ode;f pdef OD;aqmifaom
us &ifawmh pifumylrSm oGm;azsmfajzr,f? “rdk;a[udk udk {nhfonf tqdk yGJawmfomru Ak'<bmom &[ef; oHCm EkdifiHawmf vkH+cKHa&;aumifpD tzGJŒ[lI 2 zGJŒ &Sdvmrnf jzpfonf?
tqdkawmfawGu t&rf;rsm;awmh jrefrm awmf t aeeJ @ zd w f x m;w,f ? rav;rS m rsm;. w&m;yGJrsm;/ pmaya[majymyGJrsm;/ Ekid if OhH aoSsmiftzGŒJ wGif tzGŒJ 0if 8 OD; yg0ifrnfjzpf+yD; Adv
k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$/ 'kw, d
jynfrSm rusefawmhwJh oabm jzpfoGm; yGJawGuwdkufae+yD; t+ydKifvnf; vkyfovdk trsm;jynfolESifh oufqkdifaom ae&mrsm; AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD; armifat;/ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;a[mif;ESifh jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUÏ ol&OD;a&$ref;/
wmaygh” [k tqdkawmf a&AuUm0if;u jzpfoGm;w,f? w¶kwfESpfopful;yGJudk tqdk wGif jyKvkyfrnfh aps;a&mif;yGJrsm;/ pifwif orRw OD;odef;pdef/ 'kwd, orRw oD[ ol& OD;wifatmifjrifhOD;/ 'kwd, AdkvfcsKyf}uD;a[mif;
ajymonf? awmfawG rav;rSm vmusif;yovdk jzpf aw;*D a zsmf a jzyG J r sm; tygt0if wjcm; OD;wifat;ESihf twl wjcm;tqifjh rifh ppft&m&Sad [mif; 2 OD; yg0ifrnfjzpfa=umif; od&onf?
rav;&Sm;EdkifiH r[meef; pD;yGm; oGm;wmaygh” [k arm&Srf; qdkifrS wm0ef&Sdol yG J v rf ; rsm;uk d usif ; ycG i f h acwW yd w f y if “'D OaoSsmiftzGŒJ qkw d mu Ekid if aH wmf&ŒJ tqift h jrifq h ;Hk aom tzGŒJ tpnf;}uD;ayg?h tkycf sKyf
a&; vkyfief;pkrS }uD;rª; usif;yaom &mpk wOD;u ajymonf? xm;a=umif; &efukefwkdif; at;csrf;om,m a&; ,E W&m;udk }uD;=uyfwmrsKd;xuf t}uHay;tzGJŒqdkwJh ykHpHeJ@ tpkd;& tqufqufukd
opf . =u,f y G i f h r sm; *D w yG J a wmf wG i f ESpf 20 ausmftwGif; yxrqkH; a&;ESifh zGHŒ+zdK;a&;aumifpD (w,u) &kH;rS ulnD t}uHay;wmrsKd; vkyfr,fvdk@ od&r,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'DtzGJŒ&JŒ =oZmtm%mu
tifyg,m/ Lazy Club/ AURORA/ t}udrf usif;yonfh v$wfawmf tpnf; od&onf? awmfawmf}uD;rm; ygvdrfhr,f” [k ppfwyftokdif; t0ef;ESifh eD;pyfolwOD;u ajymonf?
tvuFm0wf&nf ESifh [pfyfa[mhyf aw;*D ta0;rsm;twGuf EkdifiHw0ef; vkH+cKHa&; “taumif;bufuyJ vSnhfawG; 2008 ckESpf zGJŒpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccH Oya't& jzpfay:vmrnfh EkdifiHawmf
w0dkif;rsm;jzifh jrefrmoH tqdkawmfrsm; wif;usyfxm;+yD; azazmf0g&D 3 &ufae@wGif vdu k w
f mayg?h jynfwiG ;f u yGaJ wG vkycf iG &hf &if umuG,fa&;ESifh vkH+cKHa&;aumifpDonf orRw/ 'kwd, orRw 2 OD;/ umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf/
tygt0if tqdkawmf 52 OD;wdk@u azsmfajz usa&muf r nf h w¶k w f E S p f o pf u l ; t}ud K jynfy y&dowfeJ@ awG@zdk@ tcGifhta&; r&Edkif 'kwd, umuG,f a&;OD;pD;csKyf/ umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;/ EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;/ jynfxJa&; 0ef}uD;/
=urnf[k od&onf? yGJvrf; rsm; tygt0if yGJawmfrsm; usif;y bl;av? tEkynma=u;a&m/ tawG@ t}uHK e,fpyfa&;&m 0ef}uD;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmf OuUÏESihf trsKd ;om; v$waf wmfOuUÏwk@d yg0ifaom
“e*d k u wnf ; u 'D v d k yG J } uD ; cGifhudkyg uef@owfxm;aoma=umifh *Dw a&m yd k & wmaygh ? wu,f v d k @ jynf w G i f ; tzGJŒ0if 11 tzGJŒjzpfonf?
pDpOf+yD; rav;a&muf jrefrmawGtwGuf e,fy,f toD;oD;rS jrefrmtqdkawmf 50 rSmvnf; yGJawG vkyfcGifhr&/ jynfyuvnf; aemufqHk;od&aom owif;rsm;t& vmrnfh rwfv 15 &ufae@wGif etzu
vkyfay;r,fqdkwJh pdwful;&Sdw,f? w¶kwf ausmf w d k @ rav;&S m ;ES i f h pif u myl w G i f rac:wJ h tajctaersKd ; eJ @ wd k u f q d k i f t&yfom;tpdk;&udk tm%mv$Jajymif; ay;rnfjzpfa=umif;/ ,cktcg aejynfawmfY tpnf;
ESpof pf ul;eJ@ 'Du ydw&f ufe@J wdu k qf ikd o
f vdk oGm;a&muf azsmfajz=ujcif; jzpfonf[k oGm;&ifawmh wrsKd;aygh? y&dowf b,f ta0;rsm; xkdifae+yDjzpfa=umif; od&onf?
tqdkawmfawGuvnf; [dkbufrSm yGJawG od&onf? avmuf tm;ay;ay; tm%mydkifawG qdkcGifh ,ckvuf&SdwGif &JcsKyf&mxl;udk &efukefwkdif; 'kwd,wkdif;rª; Adkvfrª;csKyf ausmfausmf
b,folrS vufcHxm;wm r&Sdawmh tqif “'D w ywf ES p f y wf a vmuf ay;&ifqdk/ qdkcGifhray;&if xdkifaeaygh” [k xGef;tm;vnf;aumif;/ &J txl;owif;wyfzGJŒ n$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyftm; Adkvfrª;}uD;
trsKd;om; tqdkawmf wOD;u ajymonf? wifpdk;tm;vnf;aumif; cef@tyfvdkuf+yDjzpfonf?
ppfwyftwGif; &mxl;tajymif;tvJrsm; jzpfay:cJh+yD;aemuf }uD;pOfi,fvkduf
r[kwb f J Adv k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$u ,k=H unf&olrsm;om t"du &mxl;rsm; &&Sad ejci;fa=umifh
rauseyfr_rsm; jzpfay:aea=umif; aejynfawmf ppfwyf todkif;t0ef;rS od&Sd&onf?
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf rjzpfcJhonfhtwGuf AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;oef;a&$udk apm'u
wufaom 'kwd,Adkvf csKyf}uD; ol&jrifhatmifonf 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD; armifat;u
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf cef@tyf&ef tqdjk yK xm;cJo h jl zpf+yD; ,cktcg wyfrS txkwyf ,f cHxm;&
a=umif; owif;&&Sdonf?
&cd k i f j ynf e ,f 0ef } uD ; csKyf
trf;+rdK he,f }uHhzGwf trwf OD;vSarmifwif jzpfvm
pdkif;aA'g azz0g&D 14
Edik if aH wmf orwopf OD;ode;f pde.
f trdef jh zifh wdik ;f ESihf jynfe,ftoD;oD;. 0ef}uD;
csKyfrsm;udk xkwfjyefa=unm&m &cdkifjynfe,ftwGuf trf;+rdK he,frS }uHhzGwf v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,f OD;vSarmifwifudk a&G;cs,fvdkufa=umif; od&onf?
&cdkifwdkif;&if;om;rsm; wdk;wufa&;ygwDrS OD;atmifjrwfausmfu “usaemfwdk h
&cdik jf ynfe,ftwGuf 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf OD;vSarmifwifukd cef t h yfvu kd yf gw,f” [k qdo k nf?
xdk jh yif &cdik jf ynfe,fwiG f 0ef}uD;Xme 9 ckjzifh zGJ ph nf;um tkycf sKyfomG ;rnf[k 4if;u qufajym
onf? ,if; Xmersm;rSm usef;rma&;ESifh ynma&;Xme/ vHk+cHKa&;ESifh e,fpyfa&;&m Xme?
omoema&;Xme/ yd k h a qmif a &;Xme/ puf r _ E S i f h tm;upm;Xme/ vl r _ z l v H k a &;ES i f h
,Ofaus;r_Xme? pD;yGg;ul;oef;Xme/ om;ig;ESihf pufrz_ HG +h zdK;a&; Xme/ v,f,m pdu k yf sKd ;a&;Xme
rsm; yg0ifrnf[k od&onf?
,if;Xmersm;udk rnfolu udkifwG,frnf[k xkwfjyefa=unmjcif; r&Sdao;yg?
&cdkifwdkif;&if;om; wdk;wufa&;ygwDrSvnf; 0ef}uD;rsm; jzpfvmEdkifzG,f &Sdonf[k arSsmfvifh
rav;&S m ;wG i f usif ; yrnf h *D w yG J a wmf a=umf j im &a=umif; OD;atmifjrwfausmfu qdkonf?
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm vpOfxkwfa0onf
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm pmrsuf E S m 10
vlaysmufa=umfjim
33? udkoef;a0 (Adkvfwaxmif) bwf 500
34? udkbdkbdk (Adkvfwaxmif) bwf 100
34? OD;pHa&$ (Adkvfwaxmif) bwf 100
35? udkausmfausmf (r[mcsdKif) bwf 1000
36? udEk ikd f (C-S ) (r[mcsdKif) bwf 500
37? q&m OD;oef;armif (r[mcsdKif) bwf 300
38? udkjr0if; (r[mcsdKif) bwf 300
&cdkifjynfe,f &rf;+AJ+rdK he,f ausmufacsmif;wdkufe,f ausmufe*g; tkyfpk/
pkpkaygif; 13200 bwf ukefabmifaus;&Gmae (OD;vSodef;) a':aiGwifwdk h.om; wdkif;&if;aq;q&m
&cd k i f t rsd K ;om; owif ; pm zwf o l r sm;od k h tod a y;jcif ;
&cdkiftrsdK;om; owif;pmudk pmrsufESm 12 rsufESmjzifh yHkrSef xkwfa0Edkifa&;
udqk ef;0if;.nD &efuek +f rdK ah e yef;xdrq f &m udv k aS &$. tudk OD;aomr% (vltrnf
twGuf ulnD=uolrsm; pnf;&Hk; aumufcHay;olrsm;udk txl; aus;aus;Zl;wifygonf? OD;ode;f a&$) touf (37) ESpcf ef h t&yf&n S &f n
S f tom;jzLjzLonf vGecf ahJ om tESpf
Towif;pm xkwfa0&mwGif yg0ifolrsm;onf apwem t&if;cHjzifh pmzwfy&dowf.
vdtk ifukd rdrw d kd wh wfeikd o f nfb
h ufrS jznfph rG ;f ae=ujcif;om jzpfygonf? xdk ah =umifh xkwaf 0
20 cef u h xdik ;f edik if H &aemif;+rdK o
h kd h oGm;a&muf&if; aysmufq;kH um ,ae x h w
d ikd f
ol/ ulnDyHhydk;olESifh pmzwfolrsm; oHk;OD;oHk;zvS,f tjyeftvSef axmufyHh ulnDjcif;tm;jzifh rdb nDtudk armifErS rsm;ESihf tquftoG,f jywfaeygonf? odk yh gI od&adS wG &h dS
qufvuf c&D;qufae&OD;rnf[k arSsmfvifha=umif; today;tyfygonf?
OD ; aX;0if ; 086 9368 721 ud k q ef ; +id r f ; atmif 089 7700 802
olrsm; tquftoG,f jyKvkyfay;yg&ef ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf?
ud k a tmif j rif h o d e f ; 085 1299 153 ud k a usmf j rif h 081 4213 554
(xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H ) ud k q ef ; 0if ; (080 4246 847 ) atmif j rif h o d e f ; (085 1299 153)
ud k v S a t;armif (*syef ) ud k c if a rmif x G e f ; (*syef ) ud k q ef ; 0if ; (*syef )
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm vpOfxkwfa0onf
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm pmrsuf E S m 11
wevFm? ? tdyrf ufaumif;awGukd rufae&ovkd tcGit hf a&;awG wck+yD; wckay:aevd@k &nf&, G f csuaf wG taumiftxnfaz:Ekid rf ,f? qENjyif;jypGm vkyxf m;wJh tvkyaf wGrmS tusK;d cHpm;cGiahf wG &&Sad e +yD; aiGrsm;rsm;0ifaer,f?
c&D;oGm;vdak om qEN&ydS gu oGm;a&; vma&; tqifajyacsmarGv@kd ab;Oy'fuif;r,f? rdwaf qGo*F[rsm;u aiGa=u;ulnrD paeovdk txufv}l uD;awGuvnf; ud, k uhf kd ulnyfD yhH ;kd ae vdrrhf ,f? vmbf&i$ af evd@k ta&mif; t0,fvyk if ef;rsm;
vkyfrnfqdkygu tvGef aumif;ygw,f? aiGvnf;rsm; rsm;0if vkyfwkdif;jzpfaevdk@vnf; bkef;wefckd;}uD; aeygvdrfhr,f? olrsm;tr_awGudk,fu0if+yD; yg0ifajz&Sif; ay;&ygu tcuftcJ }uHK+yD; pdwfnpfp&mawGeJ@ &ifqkdif&ygvdrfhr,f?
teD;uyf &efol&JŒ acsmif;+yD; 'kuQay;wm cH&wwfaomfvnf; &efoludk atmifjrifpGm ausmfv$m;Ekdifr,f? tr_tcif;jzpfygu ukd,fu &efoludk tEdkif&&Sdr,f? avSmifxm;aom ukefypPnf;rsm; jyef a&mif; rnfqdkygu tusKd;tjrwf
aumif;&r,f? t}uHtpnfopfrsm; vkyfukdifyguvnf; rdwfaqGtaygif; toif; wdk@. tultnDaumif;awG &+yD; vkyfief; awGrSm emrnfaumif;&r,f? nDtudk armifESrwdk@. vlr_a&; pD;yGm;a&;wdk@ twGuf tpp t&m&m
pdwfylae&r,f? 0efxrf;rsm; &mxl;wdk;+yD; vpmwkd;r,f? }udK;pm;oavmuf tusKd;cHpm;cGihf&rJh tcGifh ta&;aumif;awG }uHKawG@ae&r,f? &nfrSef;csufawG atmifjrifvdk@ uHaumif;ae r,f? ,mOf&xm;/ um;/ qkdifu,f 0ifr,f?
rdom;pkxJu c&D;a0;oGm;aewJh olawG jyefvmvdrfhr,f? &p&m&SdwhJ aiG/ a=uG;a[mif;rsm; jyef&vdrfhr,f? rif;pdk;&mZm t}uD;tuJwkd@ESifh cifrif&if;ESD;cGifh&r,f? om;orD;wdk@ &JŒ usef;rma&;omru tazESifh tarwdk@. usef;rma&;vnf;
nHhaeI owdjyKyg? udk,fwdkif ausmufuyfa&m*g/ qD;a&m*g 'kuQay;r,f?
,=wm? ? arG;ae@wiG f ta&SŒbuft&yfo@dk rsuEf mS rl+yD; acG;/ a=umif/ aus;iSuw
f @kd ukd tpmau|;+yD; uav;oli,frsm;tm; o=um;vH;k a0iS au|;arG;tvSLay;+yD; vk&d m qkawmif;ygu aumif;usK;d csr;f omrsm; &&Scd pH m;&ygvrd rhf ,f?
t*F g? ? tvkyfwzufESifh ynmoif=um;ae&ayrhJ ESpfckpvkH;rSm atmifjrifr_ &ygr,f? twlwl vkyfaz:udkifzuf (odk@r[kwf) ausmif;aezufoli,fcsif;ESifh cspfol&D;pm;jzpfvm&ygvdrfhr,f? c&D;,m,D oGm;&if pdwfqif;&J&+yD;
ab;Oy'f}uHKawG@&wwfojzifh owdxm;yg? tk;d tdraf jrtwGuf rdbESihf pdw0f rf; uG+J yD; pum;rsm;&wwfw,f? ywf0ef;usiuf r[kwrf rSe/f oGm;ykyaf vvGihf tajymcH&wwf+yD; tdraf xmifonfw@kd EiS hf tpGypf cJG &H wwfw,f? tdraf xmifa&;ESihf
ywfoufI t&SufwuGJ tr_tcif; awG@}uHK& wwfygw,f? tdrfwGif;a&;tqifrajyyJ vifr,m;csif; r=umc% pum;rsm;&wwfw,f? tr_tcif;}uHKawG@&ygu &efoludk tEkdif&&Sdr,f? pD;yGm;a&; tqifajy+yD; aiGa=u;eJ@ ywfoufvkd@
pdwfcsrf;omaomfvnf; tdrfaxmifa&;rSm pdwfnpf¶_yfaxG;p&mawG }uHKawG@ae&r,f? twwfynmeJ@ywfoufvdk@ q&morm;/ txufvl}uD; wdk@&JŒ cspfcifav;pm; txif}uD;r_cH&+yD; wm0ef}uD;}uD;ay;tyfcH&r,f? vkyfcsifwJh
tvkyf twGufvnf; tultnDay;rJhol tqifoifh&Sdaer,f? om;orD;/ nD/nDri,fwdk@&JŒ ynma&; owif;aumif; =um;&+yD; olwdk@twGuf tvkyfudpPvJ tqifajy atmifjrifr,f? om;orD;wdk@u udk,fvdkcsifwJh ykHpHrsKd;jzifh udk,fh
pum; em;axmifvdk@ pdwfcsrf;om&ovdk om;orD;rsm;uvJ ukd,fhtwGuf tvkyftukdif tultnDay;r,f? pD;yGm;a&;rSmavmb}uD;+yD; jzwfvrf;rsm;vdkufvdk@ tvdrfcH&wwfw,f? udk,f0efaqmifrsm; orD;rdef;cav;arG;r,f?
&nfrSef;csufrsm; wjznf;jznf; vkyf&if;udkif&if; ykHay:vmr,f? a&csKd;rSm;r,f? ava&m*gjzpfr,f? wa&Smifa&Smifjzifh r=umc%zsm;em a&m*gxl+yD; emwm&Snf a&m*ga0'em&wwfw,f?
,=wm? ? rdrdtdrf. ta&SŒajrmuft&yfokd@ xD;/ zdeyfta[mif;/ t0wftpm; ta[mif;rsm;udk vGifhypf+yD; bk&m;wGif arG;ae@/ arG;&yfrsm;wGif py,fyef;/ ZGefyef;/ pdefcs,fyef;rjywfxdk;ay;ygu ukodkvfuH tqdk;tnhHrsm;
aysmufI aumif;usKd;csrf;omrsm; &&Sd cHpm;&vmygr,f?
Ak'<[l;? ? ynma&;/ tvkyftudkif pD;yGm;a&;wdk@rSm udk,f}udK;pm;oavmuf tusKd;cHpm;cGifh &r,f? OD;}uD;/ b}uD; ponfh aqGrsKd; t}uD;tuJwkd@. ulnDapmihfa&Smufr_ cH&r,f? pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;wdk@wGif tdrfaxmifzuf
ZeD;§cifyGef; omru rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;wdk@. tultnDvnf; &wwfw,f? tzdk;wef vuf0wfvufpm;ESifh t0wftpm;aumif;rsm; vufaqmif&&Sd 0wfqif&+yD; tpm;taomufaumif; pm;&r,f? tvSL twef;t}uD;tus,f
vkyfjzpf+yD; rdwfaqGtopf rdwfaqGaumif;rsm; wdk;yGm;r,f? ausmif;q&m/ pma&;q&mwdk@ pmay/ uAsm tEkynmwdk@a=umifh emrnfaumif;&+yD; &mxl;wufum vpm wdk;r,f? tvkyfudpPESpfckudk w+ydKifeufwnf; vkyfae&aomfvnf;
ESpfckpvkH; atmifjrifvdk@ vkyfief;cGif tvkyfrSm pdwfcsrf;om aysmf&$if ae&r,f? vkyfief;t}uHtpnfawG txajrmufatmifjrifr,f? pD;yGm;a&; txl;aumif;vm+yD; aiGtpktykHvkduf 0ifvmum aiGpkEkdifr,f? rarSsmfvifhbJ
aiGtpktyHkvdkuf0ifrJhudef;&Sd aevdk@ uHprf;xDxdk;oifhw,f? (4 ˜6) *%ef; tusKd;ay;r,f? vkyfief;cGifwGif vufatmuf i,fom;rsm;eJ@ ywfoufvdk@ ywf0ef;usifwGif txif tjrifao;p&moduQmus &vdrfhr,f ? udk,fbufu
OD;aqmif+yD; vkyfcsifwJhtvkyfawG vkyfjzpfr,f? tvkyfajymif; ae&majymif; }uHpnfygu atmifjrifr,f? ,m,D c&D;oGm; Edkifvdk@ jynfy c&D; awmif atmifatmifjrifjrifoGm;&r,f? &yfa0;rS r*Fvmowif;aumif; rsm;=um;&r,f?
cspfolqDu aumif;aom tajzpum;=um;&r,f? zcifESifh pum;rsm;&wwfw,f? tdrfaxmifbufwdk@ usef;rma&; csKdŒwJhvkd@ pdwfylae&r,f? rawmfwqxdcdkuf rdwwfw,f? &ifacgif;eJ@ ywfoufwJh a&m*g jzpfr,f? tylem
tzkt}udwfwdk@ aygufr,f? ta&jym;eJ@ ywfoufwJh a&m*g&r,f?
,=wm? ? wefcdk;}uD;bk&m;wqlqlwGif opfoD;qGrf;qufuyf+yD; tcsKd&nf aomufawmfa& at;at;qufuyfvSLum Ak'GjrwfpGmbk&m;qif;wkawmfudk a&oy`g,fyg? ouf}uD;&G,ftkdrsm;tm;vnf; tcsKd&nf tat;
vSL'gef;ay;ygu pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;aumif;rsm; wdk;yGm;vdk@ pdwfcsrf;om udk,fcsrf;om vdk&mqENrsm; jynfh0&&Sdygvdrhfr,f?
=umoyaw;? ? txufvl}uD; q&morm; tajymif;tvJ &SdayrhJ q&morm;wdk@&JŒ ulnDapmihfa&Smufr_ aumif;aumif;&aeygr,f? qef@usifbuf vdifwdk@. tultnDaumif;&r,f? cspfoltopf &rnfhtjyif cspfolxHrS
tppt&m&m tultnD &aer,f? ,cifu pdwful;,Oftdrfruf &nfrSef;csuf tcGifhta&;& wmrsKd;/ rarSsmfvifhwhJ &mxl;wdk;wmrsKd;/ r*Fvmaqmif& *k%fusufoa&&SdwmrsKd; jzpfr,f? ynma&;rSm uHtvGef aumif;aevdk@ EdkifiHjcm;
ynmawmfoifudk oGm;&wwfygr,f? rdwfaumif; aqGaumif;eJ@ awG@&wwf+yD; rdwfaqGwdk@. aiGa=u; tultnD&whJtjyif tquftoG,f aumif;rsm;jzifh ta&mif;t0,f vkyfief;tusKd;ay;r,f? wxifhxifheJ@ pdwfylae&wJh vlod
rcHEkdifaom vSsKdŒ0SuftcspfZwfvrf; wyk'f jzpfwwf+yD; udk,fh&nfrSef;csuf atmifjrif+yD;qkH;oGm;vdk@ &wuf at; pdwfcsrf;om&r,f? vkyfief;cGifrSm pum;ajymaumif;wwfvdk@ ae&maumif;&r,f? txufvl}uD; q&morm;wdk@&JŒ
ae&may;/ ajrêmufpm;jcif; cH&r,f? t}uHtpnftopf jyKvkyfyguvnf; atmifjrifr,f? tvkyftukdifaumif;vdk@ aiG0ifae ayrhJ &+yD;om; aiGvufxJr+rJbJ tusKd;rJh ukefoGm;&wwfw,f? nD/nDri,f om;orD; vufatmufi,fom;
wdk@u udk,fhpum; em;raxmifbJ awmfvSefwmcH&vdrfhr,f? udk,fqDu ypPnf;iSm;+yD; tvdrfcH&wwfovdk tzdk;wef vuf0wf&wemwdk@ usaysmufjcif;/ olcdk;tcdk;cH&jcif;wdk@a=umifh pdwf¶_yfaxG; pdwfnpfp&m jzpf&Hkomru rdrdudk,fudk
owfaojcif;rsKd;txd jzpfwwfojzifh qifjcifowdjyKyg? ajcawmuf atmufykdif; aojcif;/ ajcusKd;/ ajcjywfjzpf&jcif;/ oHpl;vdk@ vrf;ravSsmufEkdifjcif; ponfjzihf xdckdufrdwwfw,f? 'l;/ wawmif/ tqpftjrpfudkufa&m*gESifh
tpmra=ua&m*gvJ jzpfwwfygw,f?
,=wm? ? arG;ae@wGif tdrfrSbk&m;wGif ar+rdKŒyef;udk a0a0qmqm qufuyfvSLylaZmf+yD; rpGrf; roef 'kuQdwrsm;twGuf vdktyfaom taxmuftulypPnf;rsm; v_'gef;jcif;/ aq;0g;uko v_'gef;ay;jcif; rsm; jyKvkyf+yD;
rdrdtvdk&Sd&mudk qkawmif;ygu &nfrSef;csuf qkawmif;jynfhygr,f?
aom=um? ? tvkyftukdif r&Sdao;olrsm; tvkyf&+yD; &Sd+yD;om;olrsm;ydkI aumif;aom tvkyfae&m ajymif;a&$Œ&wwfw,f? &mxl;wdk; vpmwdk;r,f? tzkd;wefvufaqmifypPnf;&&Sdwwfw,f? a&$aiG0ifr,f?
om;orD;vdkcsifaeol tdrfaxmifonfrsm; om;orD;&wem xGef;um;r,f? pufbD;/ qkdifu,f/ um; ponfh ,mOf&xm;topf&&Sdr,f? olrsm;&JŒ tr_tcif;/ t¶_yft&Sif;udk udk,fuvdkuf ajz&Sif;ay;&if; udk,fwkdifyg 0ifrdvdk@
pum;rsm;&efjzpf&wwfw,f? pdwfxJrSm tESpfESpftvvu qENjyif;jyaeaom &nfrSef;csufudk taumiftxnfaz:Edkifvdk@ atmifjrifr,f? EdkifiH&yfjcm;c&D;pOftygt0if teD;ta0; c&D;oGm;cgeD;rS usef;rma&;/ v_r_a&; tysufay:vmvdk@
c&D;pOfzsu&f vdrrhf ,f? ud,
k u
f siw
hf &m;ESiyhf wfoufaom txifvjJG cif;/ tpGypf cJG &H jcif; jzpfwwfw,f? vkyif ef;tawmfrsm;rsm;wGif pdwu
f ;l ESihf vufawG@ uGm[ae wwfv@kd pdwu
f ;l ,Of+yD; vkyaf ewJh tvkyrf sm; &yfwef@ysupf ;D oGm;vdrrhf ,f?
pdwful; r&SdbJ xvkyfvkdufwhJ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;rS rxifrSwfbJ tusKd;tjrwftawmf rsm;rsm; udk cHpm;&vdkufr,f? [efaqmif aumif;aom teD;uyf rdwfaqGwOD;u aiGacs;iSm;+yD; jyefray;bJ tvdrfcH&wwfw,f? aiG0ifae
oavmufvnf; aiGukefaygufrsm;xGufaevdrfhr,f? &p&m&Sdaom ta=uG;rsm;vnf; jyefr&jzpfae +yD; &if;ESD;jrKyfESHxm;aom aiGrsm;jyef ray:vdk@ aiGa=u; rvSnfhEdkifavmufatmif t=uyftwnf; jzpfaer,f? xl;jcm;wJh tvkyfawG
wm0efay;jcif; cH&r,f? udk,fu OD;aqmif+yD; vkyfief;rsm;udk taumiftxnfaz: vkyfjzpfaer,f? cspfoltopf&+yD; tcsdefumv r=umcifrSmyif rxifrSwfbJ tdrfaxmif usudef;&Sdw,f? tdrfaxmifjyKSvSsif aumif;ygw,f?
rif;pdk;&mZmvl}uD;rsm;/ ppfbufqdkif&mt}uD;tuJrsm;ESifh cifrif&if;ESD; cGihf&+yD; tcef;tem;yGJvrf;obifrsm;wuf&r,f? ydkI aumif;rGefaomtvkyf tdrfae&m ajymif;a&$Œ&wwf w,f? aqG;rsKd;om;csif;rsm;eJ@ ywfoufvdk@ pdwfqif;&J
pdwfnpfp&m jyoemtr_udpPwck}uHK&r,f? aq;xkd; aq;pm;rSm;jcif;/ tpmtqdyf tawmufjzpfjcif;wdk@ tjyif tqdyf&SdowW0gtudkufcH&jcif;wdk@ jzpfwwfw,f? udk,fwdkif&efjzpfvdk@yJjzpfjzpf/ olrsm;&efjzpfwmudk
0ifa&mufjzefajz&if;yJjzpfjzpf xdcdkuf'g%f&m& wwfyg w,f? ta=umwufjcif;uhJodk@ tm¶kHa=umwkd@ r=umc% 'kuQay;aevdrfhr,f?
,=wm? ? uav;i,fwkd@tm; rkef@a0iSjcif;/ acG;/ a=umif iSufwdk@tm; tpmausG;jcif;wdk@ tpOft+rJ jyKvkyfonfhtjyif arG;ae@&ufrsm;wGif &[ef;oHCm/ olawmfpifrsm;udk =uufom;'efaygufqGrf;avmif;ay; ygu
aumif;usKd;csrf;omrsm; &&SdcHpm;&ygvdrfhr,f?
pae? ? &nfrSef;csufxm;aom EkdifiHjcm;c&D;a0;udk atmifjrifpGm oGm;&ygr,f? aiGtpkHtykHvkduf &udef;&Sdvdk@ xDaygufudef;&Sdygw,f? (1˜4) *%ef;tusKd;ay;r,f? odk@r[kwf tarGrsm;rsm;&jcif;/ aiGtxkwf txnfvdkuf
aumuf&jcif;wdk@}uHK&r,f? a&$ESifh ,mOfpufypPnf; 0ifvdrfhr,f? tdrfaxmifonf rdef;r a,musFm;wdk@ESifh tpGyfpGJcH&wwfvdk@ taetxdkif toGm;tvm qifjcifoifhygw,f? txl;ojzihf (,/ &/ v/ 0) ESifh emrnfyg Ak'G[l;om;orD;wdk@ESifh
ndpGef;wwf/ txiftjrifvGJrSm; tpGyfpGJcH&wwfw,f? cspfolu OD;aqmif+yD; vkyfwJh tvkyfawGtm;vkH; atmifjrif+yD; aiGrsm;rsm;0ifr,f? pdwfxJrSm vkyfcsifwJh tvkyfawG trsm;}uD; jzpfaeayrhJ vufawG@rSm ¶kyfvkH;az:vdk@ r&bl;
jzpfaer,f? vufatmuf i,fom; vli,fwdk@ a=umifh txufvl}uD;wdk@&JŒ txiftjrifvGJrSm;cH&wwfw,f? pum;ajymrSm;vdk@ wkwfwjyuf 'g;wjyufjzifh jyoemt}uD; tus,f wufwwfojzifh pum;ajymqifjcifyg? tpDtpOfr&SdbJ
xvkyfwJh vkyfief;rsm; ysufpD; wwf+yD; ta&mif;t0,f vkyfief;rsm;vJ t¶_H; ay:wwfojzihf &yfqdkif;xm;oihfygw,f? tdrf/ +cH ajr twGuf pdwfnpf&r,f? tdrfaxmifzuf ZeD;r,m;/ vif a,musFm;ESifhukd,fhzufu rdbaqGrsKd;
t}uD; tuJ wdk@ pum;rsm;&efjzpfojzihf =um;nêyfpdwfnpf&wwfygw,f? aiGtokH;tpGJ tukeftusvnf; rsm;aewwf w,f? tcsdefawG tusKd;rJh ukefaewwfvdk@ bmvkyf&rSef; rodbJ a=umifae&ygr,f? tvkyfxJrSmvnf;
+ydKifbuf&efolay:ae+yD; b,fvdk t[ef@twm;awG/ tcuftcJawGudkawG@awG@ ukd,fu tEkdif&aeygr,f? rEdkif0efxrf;ae&+yD; cufcJ/ cJ,Of;aom tvkyf awGudk rwefwqvkyfae&vdk@ pdwfyifyef;/ vlyifyef; jzpfae &ygr,f?
udk,fusifhw&m;udk olrsm;u t&SufcGJcH&vdk@ oduQmusrnfhtjyif tr_tcif; }uHKygu ,m,D tcsKyfcH& wwfw,f? rdef;rudpP tpGyfpGJ ajymqdkcH&+yD; &efrlcH&wwfygw,f? pdwfxJrSm av;vHxdkif;r_dif;+yD; pdwfrcsrf;rom raysmfr&$ifjzifh
o&JtpD;cH&/ ewfyl;cHae&ovdk cHpm; jzpfaewwfygw,f? tvkyf/ tdrfae&m tajymif;tvJ &Sdw,f? uav;arG;&if tE W&m,f &SdEdkifwhJtjyif emwm&Snfusef;rma&;csKdŒwJhr,f? 0rf;avsm 0rf;ysuf a&m*gjzpf+yD; aq;eJ@a&m*g
wjcm;pDjzpfaewwfw,f? touftE W&m,f r&SdEkdifayrJh a&&Snf a0'emudk cHae&r,f? tylem tzkt}udwfawG aygufr,f? ausmufuyfa&m*g/ qD;a&m*g }uHKawG@&wwfw,f?
,=wm? ? ajconf;/ vufonf;ESifh qHyifar$;wdk@udk puUL jzLjzLjzifh xkyfI pD;aeaom a&wGif arSsmypfvkduf+yD; bk&m;wGif &Sm;rD;(9)wdkifxGef;nSdylaZmfjcif;/ yef;/ a&csrf; qGrf;cJbG,fwdk@ qufuyfylaZmf jcif; jyKvkyfay;ygu
tqkd;rsm; aysmufI aumif;usKd;rsm; a&mufvmygvdrfhr,f?
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm vpOfxkwfa0onf
&cdkiftrsKd;om;owif;pm pmrsuf E S m 12
tuf z f a tzvm; uG m wm;zd k i f e ,f y G J p Of w G i f
bmpDvdkemudk tef;r&dwfpfrSm tEkdif,lcJhonfh ref,lESifh tmqife,fwdkŒ xdyfwdkufawGŒqkHzG,f&Sd
tmqife,f tufzfatzvm; uGmwm;zdkife,fyGJpOfrsm;
FA zvm; uGmwm;zdkife,f tqifhyGJpOfawGudk rJcGJvdkŒ jyD;ygjyD? rJcGJyGJ tpDtpOfudk
tmqif e ,f - bmpD v d k e m
0ifbavuGif;=uD;rSm usif;ycJhjyD; E-ON pyGefqmay;xm;wm jzpfygw,f? rJcGJcJhwJh
yG J p Of w G i f td r f & S i f toif ; u urB m @
&vm'fawG t& uGmwm;zdkife,f tqifhrSm ref,ltoif;[m tmqife,f toif;udk
taumif;qH;k uvyf[k wifpm; cHae&onfh
tdk;x&ufzdkŒ'frSm upm;&rSmjzpfygw,f? 'D uGmwm; zdkife,fyGJpOfawGudk rwfv 12-13
pyd e f uvyf toif ; tm; 2*d k ; 1*d k ; jzih f
&ufawGrSm upm;rSm jzpfygw,f?
tEkdif,ljy EkdifcJhonf? xdkyGJwGif {nfhonf
uG m wm;zd k i f e ,f yG J p Of r sm;
bmpDvdkem toif;u pydef vufa&G;pif
pwk w f p D ; wD ; - (0uf p f [ rf ; (od k Œ ) bef e f a v)
wk d u f p pf r S L ; a';Apf A D v m. yxryd k i f ;
(ref c suf p wmpD ; wD ; (od k Œ ) tuf p f w G e f A D v m )- (tJ A mwef (od k Œ ) &D ' if ; )
oG i f ; *d k ; jzih f OD ; aqmif Ek d i f c J h a omf v nf ;
bmrif * rf - abmf v f w ef
tmqif e ,f toif ; u 'k w d , yd k i f ; wG i f
ref c suf p wm ,l E d k u f w uf - tmqif e ,f ( od k @ )avwef t k d & D , if h )
acsy*dk;ESihf tEkdif*dk;rsm; jyefvnf oGif;,l
Ek d i f c J h u m 'k w d , tausmh rwk d i f r D w G i f
tom& aecJhonf?
tmqif e ,f toif ; twG u f acsy*k d ; ES i f h tEk d i f * k d ; oG i f ; ol A ef y gpD E S i f h t m&S A if yDwmca&mhcsf oGif;*dk;eJ@ atpDrDvefudk
tmqife,f toif;onf AefygpD
tm; taxmif wkdufppfrSL; tjzpf upm;ap
ta0;uGif;rSm tEkdif,lwJh pyg;
cJu
h m a0gvaf umh/ 0D&id_ ;f ,m;/ aqmif;/ emq&D cseyf , D vH *d f &H;_ xGut
f qihf yGpJ Ofrsm;wGif t*Fvef uvyf awmhwif[rf a[mhpyg;
tp&Sdonfh upm;orm; rsm;ESihf zmb&D toif;u atpDrv D ef toif;tm; tDwvD ajray:wGif tEkid f upm; Ekid cf ahJ =umif; od&onf?
*wfpf wdk@tm; uGif;v,fwGif yGJxGuf apcJh yGJrwdkifrDu vDAmyl;vfESihf twl upm;pOfu atpDrDvef tay: r+yD;jywfcJhonfh
onf ? bmpD v d k e m toif ; rS m ruf q D / 4if;. tvkyftwGuf *dk;oGif;,lrnf[k a=uG;a=umfcJhonfh yDwmca&mhcsfu atpDrDvefESifh
yuf ' &d k / AD v m tp&S d o nf h wd k u f p pf ta0;uGif; yGJpOf. wpfvHk;wnf;aom *dk;tm; oGif;,lum toif; twGuf tzdk;wef
orm;rsm;jzifh yGJxGuf vmcJh+yD; yl,dk;vfrS tEkdif&v'ftm; aqmif=uOf; ay;EkdifcJhjcif; jzpfonf?
vGJI t"du upm;orm; rsm;jzihf yGJxGuf xdkyGJwGif tdrf&Sif rDveftoif;u tDA&m[DrkdApfcsfESihf a&mfbif[dk wkd@tm;
cJhonf? 26 rdepfwGif bmpDvkdem toif;u wku d pf pfwiG f wGu J pm; apcJ+h yD; pyg; toif;url Aef'gAwf/ ca&mhcsf wk@d jzihf yGx J u
G f vmcJo
h nf?
OD;aqmif*dk; pwif &&SdcJh+yD; rufqD zefwD; awmhwif[rf toif;onf yGJppcsif; taumif;qHk; upm;EdkifcJh+yD; 45puUef@ twGif;rSmyif
ay;onhf abmvHk;rS wqifh a';ApfADvmu yife,fwD uefcGihf &vkeD;yg; jzpfcJhonf? b,fjcrf;rS yDem; qGJajy;um jzwfwif ay;ydk@r_tm;
trSm;t,Gif; r&dS tqHk;owf EkdifcJhonf? eufpwmu wm;qD;cJ&h m pyg; upm;orm; rsm;u vufxad bm[k atmf[pfum yife,fwD
yxrydkif; t+yD;wGif bmpDvkdem toif;u awmif;qkdcJh=u aomfvnf; 'dkifjzpfolu yGJtm; qufupm; apcJhonf?
wpf*dk; tomjzihf OD;aqmif aecJhonf? yGJcsdef 17 rdepfwGif rDvef *dk;orm; tbD,mwD yDwm ca&mhcsfESihf xdckduf rdcJhI
'kwd,ykdif; jyeftpwGif tmqif vlpm;vJ cHcJh&+yD; awmfwif[rf toif;u wkdufppfESifh cHppf rSswatmif upm;I rDvef
e,f toif; acsy*dk; &&Sda&; ydkrkd }udK;yrf; toif; *dk;oGif;cGihfrsm; r&&Sda&; xdef;csKyf xm;cJhonf? xdk@a=umifh yxrykdif; t+yD;wGif *dk;r&Sd
vmcJh+yD; 48 rdepfwGif yxrqHk; *dk;oGif;cGihf oa&om jzpfcJhonf?
&cJJhonf? 0D&_dif;,m;ESihf zmb&D*wfpfwdk@ 'kwd,ydkif;wGif yGJrSm ydkrdk oGufvmcJh+yD; Aef'gAwf. *dk;uefoGif;r_ tukefvHk;tm;
0rf;wl;&dkufum 25udkuf tuGmrS 0D&_dif;,m; tHhtm;oifhzG,f jzpfcJhaomfvnf; vlpm;0if *dk;orm; trDvdkif,mu umuG,f EkdifcJhonf?
uefoGif;r_ AJvf'ufpf umuG,f EkdifcJhonf? yGJcsdef 76 rdepf cef@wGif &kef;&if;qefcwf tenf;i,f jzpfcJh+yD; pyg; vufaxmuf refae*sm
xd k @ aemuf w G i f tmqif e ,f toif ; u *sdK;a*smf'eftm; wGef;xkd;cJhonfh *wfwlqkd t0gu'fjy owday; cHcJh&onf? 79 rdepfwGif
qufvuf zdupm; cJh+yD; 62 rdepfwGif AefygpD vefEGef zefwD; ay;onfh abmvHk;rS wqihf yDwmca&mhcsfu toif; twGuf tEkdif*dk;tm;
*dk;oGif;Ekdif&ef emq&D zefwD;ay;r_ yDau; oGi;f ,l ay;cJu h m 'kw, d tausmh tdru f iG ;f yGpJ Of rwkid rf w
D iG f taumif;qH;k &v'f wpfctk m;
zsufxkwfcJhonf? 67 rdepfwGif bmpDvdkem ydik qf idk f apcJo
h nf?
toif; *dk;oGif;cGihf xyfrH &&SdcJhjyef+yD; tife tmqif e ,f toif ; twG u f t Ek d i f * k d ; oG i f ; jyD ; tm&S m Aif a tmif y G J c H a eyk H
aD ,pwm xd;k ay;onfh abmvH;k tm; rufqD xdk@a=umifh wpf*dk;pD oa& jzpfaecJhum yGJcsdef tqH k ; owf tm;enf ; cJ h I *d k ; r&cJ h a y?
teD;uyf ydwfoGif;aomfvnf; ab;xGu 83 rdepfwGif emq&DESihf zmb&D*wfpfwkd@ tmqife,f toif;u yxr tausmh t+yD;
fcJhonf? wGJvHk;rS wqihf vl;pm;0if upm;orm; 2 *dk; 1*dk;jzihf tEkdif,l EkdifcJhonf?
79 rd e pf w G i f tmqif e ,f tm&SmAifu taumif;qH;k tqH;k owf cJu h m bmpDvdkem tdrfuGif; El;urfhY
toif; acsy*dk; &&SdcJhum uvpfcsD zefwD; 2 *d k ; 1*d k ; jzpf a pcJ h o nf ? 86rd e pf w G i f 'kwd, tausmhtjzpf qufvuf upm;
ay;&mrS AefygpDu tvGef jyif;xefonfh tmqif e ,f w d k @ wwd , *d k ; &&S d & ef &rnf jzpf+yD; bmpDvdkem toif;. ta0;*dk;
b,fajc uefcsuffjzihf usOf;ajrmif;onfh tcGifhta&; &cJh+yD; 0D&_dif;,m; zefwD;ay;ydk@ wpf*dk;a=umifh tmqife,fwkd@ *dk;ray; &a&;
*dk;aygufxJodk@ uefoGif;cJhjcif; jzpfonf? r_tm; vlpm;0if wkdufppfrSL; befwem owdxm; upm;&zG,f &Sdaeonf?