MEDIAN

 Definition

If we have an ordered series of data, the median value of the series is the
value that splits the series into two groups of equal size:
one group made up of values less than or equal to the median;
one group made up of values greater than or equal to the median.

OR

The most middle value of the arrange data set.

OR

A median is described as the numeric value separating the higher half of

frequency distribution, from the lower half. The median of a finite list of
numbers can be found by arranging all the observations from lowest value to
highest value and picking the middle one.

Elements of formula

l = lower class boundary at MEDIAN class

h = class interval at MEDIAN class

f = frequency at MEDIAN class

c = Cumulative frequency presiding at MEDIAN class

n = number of observation

A. Median for Ungroup Data

Formula: X= (n+1/2) the value

If the series of data is not ordered then you should order it.
Example: Here is the ordered series of test scores (out of 20) obtained by pupils:
2; 3; 5; 6; 6; 8; 9; 9.5; 10; 10; 10; 11; 11; 12; 14; 14; 15.5; 16; 17; 17.5; 19.

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 By counting the test scores, we can find that there are a total of 21. We want
to split the series into two groups of 10; the remaining central test score will
then be the median of the series: here it is the 11th test score in the series,
which is equal to 10.
The median value for this series is therefore 10, it is represented below:

B. Median for Group Data

Formula: X= l + h/f (n/2 - c)

Example: Here is a table giving the distribution of test scores given to a class
of pupils, as well as the cumulative frequencies:

GROUP Frequency Cumulative Frequency

7 - 8 3 3
8 - 9 6 9
9 - 11 5 14
11 - 12 2 16
12 - 12.5 3 19
12.5 - 14 1 20
14 - 17 1 21
17 - 18 1 22

22

The total population is 22; so we have to split the test scores into two groups
of 11.
Using the cumulative frequencies we can look for the first test score for which
the cumulative frequency is greater than 11: it is the test score 9. So the test
score 9 (the 11th test score in the ordered series) is the median test score for
this series.

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