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Ilepen BaMVI 04epeAH0Ll1 HOMep >KypHana «AaaaxonnexlIV1s:!», KOTOPblLl1 nocaauieu COBeTCKOMY CBepX3BYKOBOMY 60M- 6apAVlpOBLllVlKY Ty-22. Ha ero crpaauuax Bbl n03HaKOMVIrecs C VlCTOpVleLl1 C03Aa H VIs:! , onVlcaHVleM KOHCTpYKlIVlVI, MOAVlqJV1KallVls:!MVI' VI BapVlaHTaMVI OKpaCKI.1 :noLl1 VlHTepeCHOLl1 MaWVlHbl.

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liIcnblTaTenbHbl1ii liIHCTliITYT' SSG;

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B Ha4ane 1954 r. B M~H~cTepcTBe asaalI~OHHOIiI npovsuuneuuocra 06cY>K,QancfI Bonpoc 0 cTpo~TenbcTBe cTpaTer~4ecK~x 60M6ap,Q~poBllI~KOB. Karacrpodia on blTHOro Ty-95 ~ aanepxxa C ,QOBO,QKOIiI Typ60- B~HTOBOro ,QB~raTenfl HK-12 oTKPbln~ ,QOpory ,Qnfl paaaepruaaaas KpynHocep~IiIHoro npoaaeoncraa crpareraxecxoro 60M6ap,Q~poBllI~Ka M-4, C03,QaHHoro B OKEi-23 non PYKOBO,QCTBOM B.M. Mscauieaa. no npennO>KeH~1O M~H~CTepCTBa Ha 3aBO,Qe NQ 18 B Kylil6blweBe CH~Man~ C npoasaoncraa Ty-95, a sees saaen nepenasana B MOCKBy, OCB060>K,Qafl MeCTO ,Qnfl craneneu ctiopK~ M-4.

Eiecnpelle,QeHTHbllil cnY4alil B ~CTOp~~ aB~all~~: y A.H. Tynonesa ortiapanu O,Q~H

npe>K,Qe 4eM BnnOTHYIO nepelilT~ K pacCKa3Y 0 Ty-22, cneayer CKa3aTb HeCKonbKO enos 0 nepBblX nonsrrxax OKEi-156 co- 3,QaTb CBepX3BYKOBOIiI 60M6ap,Q~pOBllI~K. B Ha4ane 6bln npoesr «97» C ,QByMfI ,QB~raTenflM~ B,[I-5 B3neTHoIiI Tflrolil no 13 000 «r. BHewHe OH 04eHb HanOM~Han Ty-16, HO ~Men Kpblno 60nbwelil cTpenoB~,QHoCT~ - 45 rpanycos. n03>Ke paccvarpaeanca npoeKT 4eTblpex,QB~raTenbHoro cauoneta «103» C TP,[I<l> B,[I-7 ~n~ AM-13 B3neTHoIiI Tflrolil no 11 000 xr, 3,Qecb TO>Ke He 060- umocs 6e3 Bn~flH~fI Ty-16. nepBblM >Ke npeTBopeHHblM B >K~3Hb cran npoexr «98».

B anpene 1954 r. esuuno nOCTaHOBne-

2

«ABl1aKOM.eKUI1S1» NQ 1 '2004

IICTOPIDI C03,I1;AHIDI

~3 caMblX MOlllHblX aB~all~oHHbIX 3aBO,QOB. AH,Qpelil H~KonaeB~4 noua-rany KaKTO CH~K, HO 6blCTPO HawenCfI ~ aucrynan C npe,QnO>KeH~eM C03,QaTb ,QanbH~1iI caepx- 3BYKOBOIiI 60M6ap,Q~pOBllI~K. Ero OKEi-156 npeanoxano cpasy ,QBa aapaa-rra 6y,QyllIelil MaW~Hbl. O,Q~H ~3 H~X OCHOBbIBanCfI Ha W~pOKO ~3BeCTHOM 60M6ap,Q~pOBllI~Ke Ty-16. no 061l1elil cxeue ~ KOMnoHOBKe, B COOTBeTCTB~~ C peKoMeH,Qall~fIM~ WAn", OH 6bln 6n~30K K nepBOMY npoeKTY vtn-54. Pac-rernaa CKOPOCTb Haxo,Q~nacs Ha ypoaae 1400-1500 KM/4. Bropoa npoexr cyurecraeauo OTn~4anCfI cosepweHHO HOBOIiI cxeMoliI ~ ,Qon>KeH 6bln ~MeTb MaKc~ManbHylO CKOPOCTb 1500- 1700 KM/4.

IIPE,l(lIIECTBEHHIIKII

H~e COBeTa M~H~CTpOB, xoropoe npennucusano OKEi-156 C03,QaTb TpexMecTHbl1il CPPOHTOBOIiI 60M6ap,Q~poBllI~K Ty-98 C MaKc~ManbHoliI CKOPOCTblO 1300-1400 KM/4 Ha BblCOTe 10 000-11 000 M ~ 1150- 1200 KM/4 Ha BblCOTe 6000-7000 M npa patiore ,QB~raTenelil Ha MaKC~ManbHOM 6eccpopCa>KHOM pe>K~Me. Flpaxravecxaa ,QanbHOCTb non eTa C HopManbHoliI 60M60- Bolil HarpY3KoIiI 3000 Kr (MaKc~ManbHafl 5000 Kr) aanaaanacs He MeHee 2300 KM, a C ,QononH~TenbHbIM Tonn~BHbiM 6aKoM- 2550-2700 KM. npaKT~4ecK~1iI nOTOnOK Ha,Q uensro - 13000-13500 M. OnblTHbl1il obpaaeu Ty-98 rpetioaanocs npe,QbflB~Tb

B ~IOHe 1954 r. M~H~CTP aB~all~oHHoliI npoMblwneHHocT~ M.B. XpYH~4eB cootiuian H.C. Xpyuieay: «Ofipauiaer Ha ce6f1 BH~MaH~e CpOK nepena-m Ha rocynapCTBeHHble ~cnbITaH~fI 60M6ap,Q~poBllI~Ka (Ha 6a3e Ty-16. - npUM. eem.i - MapT 1958 r. 3TOT CpOK fieaycnoauo Henp~eMneM, TaK KaK K MOMeHTY asmycxa aroro 60M6ap,Q~poBllI~Ka cep~IiIHblM npO~3BO,QCTBOM ero nerasre ,QaHHble YCTapeIOT ... BTOpo iii 60M6ap,Q~poBllI~K, npe,QnaraeMbllil T. TynoneBblM, npencraanser HeCOMHeHHbl1il ~HTepec, TaK KaK ,QaCT 3Ha4~TenbHoe npo,QB~>KeH~e Haw~x 60M6ap,Q~poBllI~KOB».

Ho paapatiorxy cBepx3BYKOBOIiI MaWl-1Hbl Ha4anl-1 BCe-TaKl-1 C «KoMnpOMl-1CCHoro» Bapaa-rra.

Ha 3aBO,QCK~e l-1CnbITaHl-1f1 B l-1lOne, a Ha rocynapcreexasre - B ,QeKa6pe 1956 r.

Ty-98 pacc-raruaancs non ,QBa TP,[I<l> An-7<l>, pa3Bl-1BaBWl-1X Ha rpopcaxe rsry no 9500 xr (MaKCl-1ManbHafl 6e3 rpopcaxa-> 6500 xr), npe,QycMaTpl-1Banl-1Cb l-1 ansrepHaTl-1BHble Tl-1nbl Cl-1nOBbIX YCTaHOBOK Ha fiaae ,QBl-1raTenelil BK-9 C pac-reruoa Tflrolil no 12000 xr l-1n~ AM-15 (cnapeaasrx ,QBl-1- rarenea AM-11, anocnencrsaa P11-300) cYMMapHoliI Tflrolil 11 400 Kr.

B l-1lOne 1955 r. onblTHbl1il oopaseu Ty-98 BbIKaTl-1n~ l-13 C60p04HOro uexa 3aBO,Qa, HO ,QBl-1ramnelil Ha cavonere ellle He 6blno. nl-1Wb 7 ceHTfl6pfl cnenyiouiero rona, nocne nony-

4eH~fI AJl-7et>, ne~~K-~CnbITaTenb OK6 s.e. Kosanee ~ WTYPMaH-~CnbITaTenb KJ.1. ManXaCflH BblnOnH~n~ Ha HeM nepBbl1ii nonet

Ty-98 npencraansn c0601i1 xnaccavecK~1iI MOHonnaH co cpenaepacnonoxeaaua a3pOA~HaM~4eCK~ «4~CTbIM» KpbInOM. 3TOMY cnoc06CTBOBan OTKa3 OT pasveuieH~fI OCHOBHblX CToeK uiacca Ha nnOCKOCTflX. V1cnonb30BaH~e npasana nnouianea, a TaK>Ke OTCYTCTB~e 6aweHHbiX rypenea 3aMeTHO CH~3~n~ n060Boe conporaaneH~e, oc06eHHO Ha TpaHC3BYKOBbiX CKOpOCrax. HeCKonbKO noprun a3pOA~HaM~Ky 60nbwolil otrrexatens paaaonoxauaoaaoro npauena, pacnOnO>KeHHbllii Ha sepuraae K~nfl ~ npeAHa3Ha4aBw~liIcfI Anfl KOPMOBolil A~CTaHII~OHHO ynpaanaeuoa nyure-Holil yCTaHOBK~. Ho, nOXO>Ke, ny-uuero rexH~4ecKoro peuieaas rorna He aauina.

Jleruue ~cnbITaH~fI 60M6apA~pOBLlI~Ka npOXOA~n~ 04eHb TfI>Keno. K 26 HOfl6pfl 1957 r. ynanocs cnenars n~Wb 37 noneTOB. B OAHOM ~3 H~X AOCT~rn~ CKOpOCT~ 1238 KM/4 Ha BblCOTe 12000 M, 4TO COOTBeTCTBOBano 4~cny Maxa 1,15. B 4aCTHOCT~, 3AeCb CKa3anOCb TO, 4TO cn~wKOM

KaK Y>Ke roaopanocs, npoexrapoaauae HOBoro CBepX3BYKOBoro 60M6apA~pOBLlI~Ka Bce-TaK~ Ha4an~ C Bap~aHTa Ha 6a3e Ty-16. B ~lOne 1954 r., Ha OCHOBaH~~ noCTaHOBneH~fI COBeTa M~H~CTpOB CCCP NQ 1605-726 ~ nocnenosaaurero aa H~M npaxaaa MAn, ocp~lI~anbHO Ha4anOCb npoexrapoaaaae AByX caaoneros, orna- 4aBW~XCfI ronsxo canoaoa YCTaHOBKolii. 3TO 6bln~ «105» C AB~raTenflM~ B.A. A06- PbIH~Ha BA-5et> ~ «106» C euie 60nee MOLllHbIM~ Typ60peaKT~BHbIM~ AB~raTenflM~ C cpopCa>KHbIM~ KaMepaM~ (TPAet» KOHCTPYK- 1I~~ B.A. A06pb1H~Ha ~n~ A.A. M~Kyn~Ha (npoexr AM-15. - npUM. aam.). nOcTaHOBneH~e npennacusano AO OKTfl6pfl 1956 r. nepenars Maw~Hy Ha 3aBOACK~e ~cnbITaH~fI, a BO BTOPOM xaaorane cnenyIOLlIero rOAa - Ha rocYAapcTBeHHble.

nOTOM noseanacs npoexru HOBblX AB~rarenea BA-7M ~ HK-6. nOcneAH~1iI ~3 H~X AOn>KeH 6bln CTaTb nepBblM OTe4eCTBeHHblM ABYXKOHTYPHblM Typ60peaKT~BHb1M . AB~raTeneM C cpopca>KHolii KaMepolii (TPAAet» C HeB~AaHHolii pauee rsroa CBblwe 20 000 xr, npOeKTbl caaoneroa «105»

~ «106» nepepatiorann nOA 3T~ nepcnexT~BHble AB~raTen~.

C BA-7M aaneraoa Tflrolil 16500 xr (Ha BblCOTe 11 000 M ~ npa CKOpOCT~ 1500 KM/4 pac-reraas rara He npessuuana 9700 xr) 60M6apA~poBLlI~K «105» AOn>KeH 6bln nerare co CKOPOCTblO AO 1580 KM/4 ~ ~MeTb nOTOnOK HaA uensio He MeHee 15 000 M np~ nonere co CBepX3BYKOBOlii CKOPOCTblO ~ aece 60 000 xr, neperpY304Hbilii nonerHbllil aec MaW~Hbl oueuaaancs B 80 000 Kr. np~ aanace ropiovero 36 840 Kr ~ 60M60- Bolil HarpY3Ke 3000 Kr ee AanbHOCTb Ha A03BYKOBOlii KpelilcepcKolii CKOpOCT~ O>K~Aanacs 6080 KM, a Ha cBepx3BYKOBOlii (1300- 1350 KM/4) -2250 KM. Ha caraonere nna-

OnblmHblii CPPoHmosoii 6oM6apiJuposUJ,UK Ty-98, 1956 2.

An~HHble B03Ayx03a60pH~K~, ofinanaioLlI~e 60nbw~M conporaaneuaev, He nasan~ AB~raTenflM paaears nonHYIO rsry 3aKa34~K ~ rKAT B Ha4ane 1958 r., HeAOBonbHble XOAOM ~cnbITaH~IiI, npennoxana npexparars pa60TY no Ty-98, cocpeaoro-

JiOMliAP,lUIPOBIIJ;HK "105"

4~B c~nbl Ha HOBOM cavonere. Aeno KOH- 4~nOCb TeM, 4TO L\ArV1 npuaaan CBO~ peKOMeHAall~~ 06 YCTaHoBKe YAn~HeHHblx B03Ayx03a60pHbiX ycrpoacrs OW~604HblM~, 4TO n03AHee, 6e3ycnoBHo, noanaano Ha KOMnoHoBKY 6YAYLllero Ty-22.

H~pOBanaCb YCTaHoBKa panuonoxauaouHoro 60M60Boro npuuena «V1H~II~aT~Ba-2» ~n~ «Py6~H-1 ». OT CHapflAOB ~ OCKonKOB 3K~na>K aauiauiana 6pOHfI 06Ll1~M BeCOM 305 Kr.

np~ HopManbHolii HarpY3Ke 60M6apA~POBLlI~K AOn>KeH 6bln HeCT~ AO 3000 xr 60M6, Hanp~Mep 24 cpyracHble 60M6bl et>A6-100M-46. BMecTo H~X B 60M600Tce«e MO>KHO 6bln0 paavecrwre 4eTbipe peakT~BHble ropnensi PAT-52 06Ll1~M BeCOM 2520 Kr. B neperpyaxy paspeuranocs 6paTb AO 9000 «r. np~ 3TOM nonycxanacs nOABeCKa 24 60M6 et>A6-250M-46, ~n~ 18 et>A6-500M-46, ~n~ uiecra et>A6-1500, ~n~ AByX et>A6-3000. CaMbIM~ KpynHblM~ 60enpanacaua Anfl sroa MaW~Hbl flBnfln~Cb 60M6bl et>A6-5000, 6PA6-6000 ~ et>A6-9000. Cavoner Mor HeCT~ no OAHOIii 60M6e rno- 60ro ~3 3T~X T~nOB. Anfl AelilcTB~1iI Ha Mope npeaycearpaeanacs nOABeCKa asaauaoa-

nepSblii eepuenm caMonema «105» (pUCYHOK)

HblX M~H. Bap~aHTaM~ Harpy3K~ B TaKOM cnyxae CTaHOB~n~Cb 12 AOHHblX M~H AMA-500, AO BOCbM~ AMA-2M ~n~ AnM, AO uiecra M~H «Cepnelil» (cYMMapHblM BeCOM 8700 «r) ~ BOCbM~ «Jlapa» (7600 «r), a TaK>Ke AO uiecra BblCOTHblX ropnea 45-54 8T, cfipacsraaewsrx aa napaunorax.

B COCTaB 060poH~TenbHoro Boopy>KeH~fI cavonera BXOA~na OAHa HenOAB~>KHafl nyunca TK6-494 (nosaaee nepe~MeHoBaHHafl B AM-23) xanafipa 23 MM Anfl cTpenb6bl anepen (tioeaanac - 100 narpo HOB) ~ ABa aHanor~4HblX 0PYA~fI B KOpMOBOIii YCTaHOBKe Anfl 3aLll~Tbl 3aAHelii nonyccpepbl C yrnaM~ oticrpena no 30 rpaayCOB B CTOPOHbl (06L11~1iI 60eKOMnneKT 600 narpoaos). Ha BTOPOM onblTHOM ofipaaue 60M6apA~poBLlI~Ka nnaaapoaanocs AOnomurrensao nOCTaB~Tb BepxHlO1O crpenKOBYIO 6aWHIO C AByMfI TaK~M~ >Ke 23-MM nywKaM~.

«ABlfaKOMeKUIfSl» NQ 1 '2004

3

CaMonem «105»

nepBble caepxaaysoaue cavone rst 6blIllii «npsrraiouiae», He paCC41i1TaHHbie Ha KpelilcepCKYIO CBepX3BYKOBYIO CKOpOCTb. nplil41i1H 3TOMY 6blIlO HeCKOIlbKO, HO rnaaHble - HIiI3Koe a3pO,[lIilHaM1iI4eCKoe Ka4eCTBO iii BblCOKlil1iI Y,[IeIlbHbllil pacxon ronnaaa ,[IBlilraTeIl~MIiI. Flocneaaee orpaHliI4li1BaIlO ,[IaIlbHOCTb nonera. AMepIiIKaHlIbl, 06- nanas wlilpoKoliI cersto 6a3 sa rpaHliIlIelil, Momlil 3TO npoaraopapoaars, HO COBeTCKIiIM 88C rpefioaanacs 60Ilbwa~ nponon>KIiITeIlbHOCTb nonera, 4T06bl «,[IOT~HYTbC~» ,[10 Y,[IaIleHHblx uenea. n03TOMY B OK6-156 npuuma K KOMnpoMlilccy. Ilnaaep 60M6ap,[IliIpOBLllIiIKa rynonesuu CKOMnOHOBaIlIii B COOTBeTCTBliI1iI C 3aKOHaMlii a3pO,[lIilHaMIiIKIiI cBepx3BYKOBbiX cxopocrea, a B03,[1yx03a- 60pHoe ycrpoacrso BblnOIlHIiIIlIii co cxpyrIleHHoliI 06e4a1ilKoliI, YBeIllil41i1BalOLllelil Ha caepxaeyse iii Il060Boe conporaeneuae, iii norepa nonuoro ,[IaBIleHIiI~. Ho 3aTO Ha OKOIl03BYKOBbiX CKOpOCT~X TaKoliI 3a60pHIiIK C03,[1aBaIl ,[IOnOIlHIiITeIlbHYIO noncacsreaioLllYIO CIiIIlY, 4TO 6IlaronpliI~THo CKa3blBaIlOCb Ha ,[IaIlbHOCTIii nonera. 60IlbWYIO 4aCTb MapwpYTa 60M6ap,[llilpOBLllIiIK ,[IOIl>KeH 6blIl npoxonars Ha ,[I03BYKOBbIX CKOpOCT~X, nepexons sa cBepx3BYK IlIiIWb npa npopsrae K aTaKyeMoMY 06beKTY.

C03,[1aHIilIO cavonera «105» npeaureCTBOBaIlO IiIcnblTaHlile nonycorua aapoaaHaMIiI4eCKlilX MO,[leIlelil pa3Illil4HbiX KOMnoHOBOK. C03,[1aHIilIO cavonera «105» npenweCTBOBaIlO IiIcnblTaHlile nonycorua

Flapannensuo C MawliIHoliI «105» no 0,[1- HOMY iii TOMY >Ke nOCTaHOBIleHlil1O npasarensCTBa paapacarsraanca caaoner «106» C 60- nee BblCOKIiIMIii xapaxrepacraxava. Y «106» C nepcneKTIiIBHblMIii ,[IBlilraTeIl~MIiI AM-15 MaKCIiIMaIlbHa~ CKOPOCTb O>KIiI,[IaIlaCb OKOIlO 1800 KM/4, nOTOIlOK -,[10 16000 M Ha csepx- 3BYKOBOIiI CKOPOCTIii iii MaKCIiIMaIlbHa~ nansHOCTb (c 60M60BOIiI HarPY3KoIiI 3000 Kr iii Ha ,[I03BYKOBOIiI CKOpOCTliI) 5800 KM. nplil nonere >Ke co CKOPOCTblO 1300-1350 KM/4 naruHOCTb YMeHbwaIlaCb,[lO 2700-3000 KM.

Ha npoesrapoeaaae iii nocrpoasy MaWIiIHbl OTBO,[IIiIIlOCb OKOIlO 4eTbipex ner, 8 1958 r. OK6-156 ,[IOIl>KHO 6blIlO npe,[lb~BIiITb cavoner «106» Ha nerusre IiIcnblTaHIiIR Ho 3anIlaHlilpoBaHHble Afl~ Hero ,[IBlilraTeIlIii AM-15, paBHO KaK iii 8.0-9, TaK iii OCTaIlIilCb Ha 6yMare.

CaMblM >Ke nepcneKTIiIBHblM Ha py6e>Ke 1960-x rr. Ka3aIlC~ ,[IBYXKOHTYPHbllil TP,Q,Q<1>

4

«ABHaKOl\l\eKUHSI» N2 1 '2004

o 0

o '0 0

a3p0,[lIilHaMIiI4eCKIiIX MO,[leIlelil pa3Illil4HbiX KOMnOHOBOK. Pauee ~ C4IiITaIl, 4TO sapaaHT C pacnonoxeaaev ,[IBlilraTeIlelil B XBOCTOBOIiI -racru 6blIl npeanoxea ~Arlll. Ho COBceM He,[laBHo -raurenca ,[Ipyrolil, 60Ilee nO,[lp06Hbllil, ,[IOKYMeHT rKAT, n03BOIlIiIBwlillil YT04HIiITb, 4TO >Ke peKOMeH,[IOBaIl IiIHCTIiiTyT. 8 COOTBeTCTBliI1iI C HIiIM Tynonesy npeanaranocs B3~Tb aa OCHOBY cxeuy C BeIlOClilne,[lHbIM waCCIiI, asrcoxopacnono>KeHHbIM KPbIIlOM, non KOTOPblM BnIloTHYIO K cpI03eIl~>Ky npliIMblKaIlIii nsararena. Ho maBHbl1il KOHCTPYKTOP 3Ty peKOMeH,[IalllillO He nplilH~Il iii nOCTpOIiIIl cauoner no-csoeMY, 3aTpaTIiIB OKOIlO nonyropa ner Ha OTpa60TKY ero KOMnOHOBKIiI. ,QBlilraTeIlIii paaMeCTIiIIlIii B XBOCTOBOIiI 4acTIiI, no 60KaM eeptaxansaoro onepeaas, 4TO n03BOIlIiIIlO npeaerusao YKOPOTIiITb B03,[1YX03a60pHIiIKIiI iii 06eCne41i1Tb ,[IOCTaT04HO npocryio 3aMeHY nsararenea Ha ansrepaaraaaue. nOCIle,[lHee ,[IaBaIlO B03MO>KHOCTb nerxo nepelilTIii OT «105» K «106».

8 CBoeM OKOH4aTeIlbHOM BIiI,[Ie «105» Y>Ke npaKTIiI4eCKlii He IiIMeIl HIiI4ero ofiuiero C Ty-16. KOMnoHoBKa cauonera «105» - e,[lIilHCTBeHHa~ B CBoeM pone, nocxonsxy Hlilr,[le iii HIiIKeM 60Ilbwe He npaMeH~IlaCb. KOHCTPYKTOPbl ,[IIl~ CHIiI>KeHIiI~ Il060Boro conpOTIiIBIleHIiI~ iii yIly4weHIiI~ B3IleTHO-nOCa,[l04HbIX xapaxrepacra« npaMeHIiIIlIii «4Ii1CToe» KPbIIlO, B YTOIlLlleHHOM uesrponnaue koroporo paauecrana HIiIWIiI y60pKIiI uracca. 3Klilna>K COKpaTIiIIlIii ,[10

CAMOJIET «106»

HK-6. O,[lHaKO ero paapatiorxa CIiIIlbHO 3arsuynacs. O>KIiI,[IaIlOCb, 4TO H K-6 6Y,[leT IiIMeTb rsry Ha B3IleTe 21 500 Kr, a Ha BblCOTe 11 000 M (npa CKOPOCTIii 1800 KM/4) - 10 500 Kr. 8 MapTe 1956 r. nOCTaHOBIleHIiIeM npaawrenscrsa 6blIlO npennacaao CTpOIiITb cavoner «106» C ,[IByM~ HK-6. Boopy>KeHlile MaWIiIHbl iii ee 3Klilna>K npa 3TOM ocrasanncs aHaIlorlil4HblMlii npoexry «105».

B 1957 r. Y>Ke paccaarpaaanacs B03MO>KHOCTb YCTaHoBKIiI Ha «106-1iI» euie 60Ilee MOLllHblX nsararenea HK-10 (paapaoorxa KOTOPblX TOIlbKO Ha4li1HaIlacb). B COOTBeTCTBIiIIiI C 38,QaHlileM cavoner C HIiIMIii ,[IOIl>KeH 6blIl pa3BIiIBaTb CKOPOCTb 2000-2200 KM/4, IiIMeTb npaKTIiI4ecKlilIiI nOTOIlOK 15 000- 16000 M iii ,[IaIlbHOCTb He MeHee 5000 KM. ComaCHO 04epe,[lHOMY nOCTaHOBIleHlil1O npaearensctaa (1iI1OIlb 1959 r.) 3TOT 60M6ap,[IliIpOBLllIiIK CIle,[lOBaIlO nepeaars Ha nerasie IiIcnblTaHIiI~ B 4-M xsaprane 1960 r.

rpex 4eIlOBeK - IleT4IiIKa, urrypraasa iii crpenxa-paaacra, nOMeCTIiIB IiIX B Ka61i1HaX C IiIH,[IIiIBIiI,[IyaIlbHbIM 6poHlilpoBaHlileM Ha xpecnax, xaranynsrapyiouurxca BHIiI3. no,[I06Ha~ KOMnOHOBKa n03BOIlIiIIla cOKpaTIiITb KOIllil4eCTBO cTpeM~HoK, HO B TO >Ke BpeM~ orpaaa-rana ,[10 350 M MIiIHIiIMaIlbHylO BblCOTY nOKIiI,[IaHIiI~ MaWIiIHbl B asaPIilIilHOIiI caryauaa.

CTaBKa aa ,[IBlilraTeIlIii 8,Q-7M snocnenCTBIiIIiI HeraTIiIBHO OTpa31i1IlaCb Ha cy,[lb6e carsonera. IIlx AflIilTeIlbHa~ ,[IOBO,[lKa cyuteCTBeHHO saqepxana nocrpojiky onsrraoro otipaaua 60M6ap,[llilpOBLllIiIKa, a n03,[1Hee 3TIiI He,[lOBe,[leHHble TP,Q crana nplil41i1HOIiI MHorlilX aBaplil1il iii «aracrporp.

3CKIiI3Hbilillii npoexr cavonera «105» npe,[lb~BIiIIlIii 3aKa341i1KY B oKT~6pe 1955 r. Bcxope Ha4aIlaCb nocrpojixa onblTHblX 06pa3110B. nepBbl1il ,[IOCTaBIiIIlIii Ha aapo,[IPOM B asrycre 1957 r. 24 asrycra npaaesIllil nepBbl1il nOIlHolleHHbl1il B,Q-7M, 6 ceaT~6p~ - sropoa. IIlx crana MOHTlilpoBaTb Ha MaWIiIHe. Bropoa 3K3eMnIl~p - nIlaHep 6e3 ,[IBlilraTeIlelil iii 060py,[lOBaHIiI~, C Ho~6- p~ npoxoaan B ~rlll CTaTIiI4eCKlile IiIcnblTaHIiI~.

21 IilIOH~ 1958 r. 3Klilna>K IleT4Ii1Ka-IiICnsrrarena IO.T. Anauieeaa, 41i1PKHyB no 6eToHY XBOCTOBOIiI n~TOIiI Ha paafiere, cosepuran Ha onblTHOM Ty-105 nepBbl1il noner. Ha 60PTY cavonera TaK>Ke HaXO,[lIilIlIiICb urrvpuaa IIl.E. raBpliIIleHKo iii panacr K.A. Ll.Iep6aKoB.

Ho H K-1 0 He CY>K,[IeHO 6blIlO sonnoTIiITbC~ B MeTaIlIl. Ilpaumocs eepayrecs K HK-6. BoeHHo-npOMbIWIleHHa~ KOMIiICCIiI~ 06~3aIla rKAT iii OK6-156 paapafiorars iii npe,[lb~BIiITb 3CKIiI3Hbilil npoexr, a 3aTeM MaKeT MaWIiIHbl C 3TIiIMlii ,[IBlilraTeIl~MIiI. 3a,[laHHble CpOKIii Bbl,[lep>KaTb He ynanocs.

B npouecce pa3pa60TKIiI 06IlIiIK cauonera «106» nOCTO~HHO MeH~IlC~. nepe,[lensraana a3p0,[lIilHaMIiI4ecKYIO KOMnoHoBKY kpuna: ,[IBlilraTeIlIii TO HaXO,[lIilIlIiICb B XBOCTOBoliI -iacra cpI03eIl~>Ka, TO nepeHOCIiIIlIiICb non KPbIIlO, 1i13-3a 4ero cavoner npespauiancs 1i13 HIiI3KonIlaHa B ssrcoxonnaa (60- nee noaaaae eapaaaru): npa 3TOM ropa- 30HTaIlbHoe onepesae npaumocs pacnoIlO>KIiITb Ha BepWIiIHe KIiIIl~. ,QIl~ noasuueHIiI~ T~rlil CIiIIlOBOIiI YCTaHoBKIiI B03,Qyx03a- 60pHbie ycrpoacrsa OCHaLllaIlIiICb BepTIiIKaIlbHblMIii KIlIiIHb~MIiI.

OAHaKO BCe 3TI1 YXI1lJ.1peHI1S'l TaK 11 He n03BOnl1nl1 C03AaTb 4TO-n1160 C CYlJ.1eCTBeHHO fionee BblCOKI1MI1 xapaxrepacruKaMI1, 4eM Y «105». ,D,nS'l YAoBneTBOpeHI1S'l nOCTOS'lHHO B03paCTaBWI1X Tpe60BaHI1~ BBC He06xOAI1MO 6bln0 nonHOCTblO OTKa-

3aTbCS'l OT crapux KOHlIenlll1~ 11 paspatiaruaan, cavoner, npI1MeHS'lS'l COBepweHHO HOBbie TeXHI14eCKI1e peWeHI1S'l.

OnbITHO-KOHCTPYKTopCKl1e patiors: no npoexry «106» npononxanacs AO 1962 r., AO BblXOAa o-repensoro nOCTaHOBneHI1S'l

COBeTa MI1HI1CTPOB CCCP, npnxpsreurero 3TY TeMY. Cauoner. nperepnes MHor04I1CneHHble aapaauan. TaK 11 OCTanCS'l Ha 6yMare. Casta >Ke I1AeS'l elJ.1e nonro pa3BI1Banacs B creuax OK6-156, HO Y>Ke nOA APYrl1MI1 Ha3BaHI1S'lMI1.

He ycnes «pOAI1TbCS'l», «105-~» 6bICTpo COCTapl1nCS'l. Ero nepasie noneru BblS'lBl1nl1 5!BHOe HeCOOTBeTCTBl1e nony-reuuerx nerusix xapaKTepl1CTI1K 3aAaHHbIM. B pesynsrare B 1955-1956 rr. ssuuna elJ.1e ABa nOCTaHOBneHI1S'l COBeTa MI1HI1CTPOB, nocneAHI1M 113 KOTOPblX npermacuaanocs AOBeCTI1 MaKCI1ManbHYIO CKOPOCTb AO 1475- 1550 KM/4. floxoxe, 4TO B OK6 3TO ripen- 4YBcTBOBanl1, 11 elJ.1e AO Ha4ana neTHblX I1CnbITaHI1~ cavonera «105» npacrynann K paapafiorxe npoesra «1 05A», no OAHO~ 113 BepCI1~, paCC411TaHHoro Ha AOCTaBKY K uena xpunarux paxer, caasana runa K-10C, a 3aTeM X-22.

4T06bl CHI1311Tb n060Boe COnpOTI1BneHl1e, Tpe60BanOCb crtparars paxery B OTcek 60eBO~ HarPY3KI1, KOTOPbl~ nepeaenana, 113MeHI1B cxeuy y60pKI1 uiacca. Teneps OCHOBHble onopsi YKnaAblBanl1Cb B rounonu Ha xpune no Tl1ny Ty-16. 3TO npaseno K YMeHbweH1110 nnOlJ.1aAI1 3aKpsuucoa 11 YXYAweHl110 aaneruo-nocanosHblX xapaKTepl1CTI1K. OAHOBpeMeHHO OTxaaanacs OT HOCOBO~ nyunot 11 apauiaiolJ.1e~cS'l 6aWHI1. BMeCTO ABYCTBonbHO~ KOPMOBO~ YCTaHOBKI1 noaaanacs OAHOCTBOnbHaS'l ,D,K-20 C nYWKO~ P-23. ,D,I1CTaHlI110HHOe HaBeAeHl1e opy>Kl1S'l Ha uens OCYlJ.1eCTBnS'lnOCb C nOMOlJ.1blO npuuenoa: paAI10nOKall110HHOrO npC-3 «AprOH-2» 11 TeneBI13110HHOro Tn-1.

no APyro~ BepCI1I1, npl1411Hy nOS'lBneHI1S'l «105A» CBS'l3bIBaIOT C ynY4weHI1eM CKOpO-

CAMOJIET «10SA»

CTHblX xapaKTepl1CTI1K aa C4eT CHI1>KeHI1S'l K03CPCPl1l111eHTa notiosoro COnpOTI1BneHI1S'l Ha CBepX3BYKe. npl1MeHI1B npasano nnolJ.1aAe~, KOHCTPYKTOPbl 113MeHI1nl1 06BOAbi cpI03enS'l>Ka 11 Ao611nl1Cb ny-uuero ero 06- TeKaHI1S'l.

Co maCHO nOCTaHOBneHl11O npaearensCTBa, BbInYlJ.1eHHOMY B anpene 1958 r., nerHble I1CnbITaHI1S'l MaWI1Hbl nnauapoaana Ha4aTb BO 2-M «saprane cnenyiouiero rona, HO rynonesuu He ycnesana, 11 B I1lOne 1959 r. I1X ocpl1l1l1anbHO nepeaecnn Ha nocneAHI1~ xaapran. CBO~ nepBbl~ noner cauoner «105A» COBepWl1n 7 CeHTS'l6pS'l. B TOM >Ke rony maBHblM KOHCTPYKTOPOM MaWI1Hbl Ha3Ha411nl1 ,D,.C. Mapxoaa.

OnblmHblU 6oM6apc)upo6U(UK «105A», 1959 z.

npl1MepHO B 3TO >Ke BpeMS'l onblTHbl~ ofipaaeu cavonera «105» norepnen asapl1lO 11 ero 60nbwe He BOCCTaHaBnI1Banl1. Ho 11 nepsoro «1 05A» XBaTl1nO HeHaAonro; B ceAbMoM nonere, 21 AeKa6pS'l, npo- 1130Wna «aracrporpa. Ha BblCOTe 10000 M B pe>KI1Me paaroaa, npa CKOPOCTI1, COOTBeTcraosaauiea 3BYKOBO~, Ha4anCS'l dmarrep pyns BblCOTbl. nocne paapyureuas ropnaouransuoro onepeuas cauoner nepewen B nl1Kl1pOBaHl1e 11 speaanca B 3eMnlO. CnacCS'l nl1Wb paAI1CT KA Illeptiaxoe, WTypMaH I-1.E. raBpl1neHKO norl16 nocne xaranynsTl1pOBaHI1S'l OT CTonKHOBeHI15! C cpparMeHTaMI1 pa3BanI1BWe~CS'l MaWI1Hbl, a nunor IO.T. Anaurees - npa yaape 0 3eMnlO.

CaMonem «105A»

«ABl1aKOMeKUI1S1» NQ 1 '2004

5

CEPHHHOE IIPOH3BO,ll;CTBO H MO,ll;H<I>HKAl(HH liOMliAP,n;HPOBI.U;HK TY -22

HeCMOTp51 Ha norep-o onern-srx 06pa3- lIOB, MaWIt1HY «1 05A» nplt1H51nlt1 K Ceplt1li1HoMy np0lt13BOACTBY nOA 0603Ha4eHIt1eM Ty-22. OCBOeHlt1eM ee C 1959 r. 3aH51nC51 3aBOA NQ 22 B Ka3aHIt1. TaM 60M6apAlt1pOBLllIt1K It1MeHOBanC511t13Aenlt1eM «Ki». nepBbl1ii ceplt1li1Hbl1ii Ty-22 nOAH51nC51 B He60 21 It1tOH51 1960 r. Ero nanornpoaan neT4It1K-It1CnbITarens 6.B. Mauixoeuea.

CYLllecTBeHHblM OTnlt141t1eM Ceplt1li1Hblx cavoneroe OT onblTHblX 06pa3l10B crane uensaonoeoporaoe ropaaouransaoe onepeuae. Flepasre MaWIt1Hbl KOMnneKTOBanacs ABlt1raTen51M~ B,Q-7M MaKCIt1ManbHOIii T51rolil 13 000 Kr It1 C pecypcov 50 4, 3aTeM n051Blt1nlt1Cb YCOBepweHCTBOBaHHble TP,Q T51rolil 14 500 «r; It1 nlt1Wb nocne It1X AOBOAKIt1 3aBOACKIt1e uexa crann nOKIt1AaTb cauoneTbl C ABlt1raTen51MIt1 nonsoa T51rlt1.

nepBble Ty-22 asmycxanacs Ha 3aBOne NQ 22 B sapaa-rre 60M6apAlt1pOBLllIt1Ka. B 1960 r. Ha4anlt1Cb COBMeCTHble (3aKa341t1- xa It1 npovsnuneaaocra) It1CnbITaHIt151, npoXOAIt1BWlt1e Ha MaWIt1HaX YCTaHoB04HOlii (HYne aoa) cepua. BeAYLllIt1MIt1 neT41t1KaMIt1 6blnlt1 fO.B. CYXOB It1 B.II1. KY3HellOB (nerHble xapaKTepIt1CTIt1KIt1), C. TIt1MOHIt1H (60M- 6apAIt1pOB04Hoe soopyxeaae) It1 B.4>. 4epHo-II1BaHoB. 6blCTPO Bbl51CHlt1nOCb, 4TO MaWIt1Ha He COOTBeTcTByeT npeAb51Bn51eMbIM Tpe60BaHIt151M KaK no CKOPOCTIt1, TaK It1 no AanbHOCTIt1. Bbl51Blt1nC51 P51A cYLlleCTBeHHblX

AecpeKTOB. Hanpauep, MHoro HapeKaHlt11i1 Bbl3blBana 4pe3MepHO >KeCTKa51 nOABeCKa uraccn. ,Qpyrolil «60ne3HbtO» Ty-22 cran rpnarrep «puna Ha 60nbWIt1X CKOPOCT51X. BBeAeHlt1e nporwsorpnarrepaux rpY30B Ha KOHlIax xoaconea nouorno Mano. nplt1- uinocs OrpaHIt141t1Tb MaKCIt1ManbHYtO CKOPOCTb AO paBHolii 41t1cny Maxa 1,4.

BA06aBoK KO BceMY 17 H0516p51 norep51nlt1 BTOPYtO ceplt1li1HYtO Mawlt1Hy. nplt1 aaxone Ha nocanky acnencraae He06bl4HO clt1nbHolii TP51CKIt1 orsananacs Tpy6Ka, It1AYuias OT nesoro ABlt1raTen51 K MaHoMeTpy AaBneHIt151 Macna. B pesynsrare see Macno auresno, It1 nsarareru. 3aKnlt1Hlt1no. no- 4TIt1 oAHoBpeMeHHo C 3TIt1M cexrop raaa npasoro ABlt1raTen51 nOA AelilcTBlt1eM B1t16- pauaa cnons Ha Manble 060POTbl, It1 caMoneT, He nonerea AO eanen-o-nocano-rHolil nonocu a3pOAPOMa nll1l11, nplt13eMnuncs Ha nyr B03ne peKIt1 nexopKa, pasaanasascs Ha 4aCTIt1. B 3Klt1na>K MaWIt1Hbl BXOAlt1nlt1 neT41t1K B.P. KOBaneB, urrypva» B.C. naCnOpTHIt1KOB (1t13 HII1I11 BBC) It1 paAIt1CT K.A. Illeptiaxoa. flocneneero, co enos E.A. KnIt1MOBa, 4yTb He noxopouarupausure BpeMeHIt1, OTBe351 B Mopr. nlt1Wb TaM 06HapY>Klt1nOCb, 4TO paAIt1CT >KIt1B. nlt1- nOT It1 WTypMaH nornfina.

Ha 1961 r. 3aBoAY NQ 22 aannauapoaanlt1 esmycrars 12 60M6apAIt1pOBLlllt1KOB Ty-22 It1 30 pa3BeA41t1KOB Ty-22P. Ho 3aBOA

nnau «aasanan», CAaB nlt1Wb ceMb nepsux It1 n51Tb BTOPbIX, nocxonsxy K 3TOMY BpeMeHIt1 npozionxanacs AOBOAKa cauonera It1 B ero KOHCTPYKlIlt1tO nOCT051HHO BHOClt1nlt1Cb 1t13MeHeHIt151 no peaynsrarav It1cnblTaHIt1Ii1. 9 It1tOn51 1961 r. nepsue Ceplt1li1Hble Ty-22 nponeaoacrpapoaana aa B03AYWHOM napane B TYWIt1HO.

B asrycre Ha4anlt1 nerars caraoneret 1-1i1 cepaa, HO 1t13-3a AecpeKTOB pynesux npuBOAOB pn-21 It1 ABlt1raTenelii B,Q-7M patioTa aaropvoaanacs. Bcxope nan 0 ce6e 3HaTb It1 pesepc anepouos. Ilsrrascs It1cnpaBIt1Tb nonoxesae, B KOHCTPYKlIlt1tO cavoneTa BHOClt1nlt1 60nbwoe KOnlt14eCTBO 1t13MeHeHIt1Ii1. Y>Ke roroaue MaWIt1Hbl npaxonnnoce aoaapautars B lIeXIt1 It1 nepenensraars.

B 3TOM >Ke roAY B fKAT COCT051nOCb coaeutauae no Ty-22 C Y4acTIt1eM Fnaakowa BBC Mapwana K.A. BepWIt1HIt1Ha, Alt1peKTOPOB 3aBoAoB It1 A.H. Tynoneaa. Curyauaa soxpyr MaWIt1Hbl 6blna TpeBO>KHa51, nOTOK peKnaMalllt11i1 OT soeaaux He ocnabesan. BepWIt1HIt1H BblCKa3an caoe HeAOBonbCTBO no 3TOMY nOBOAY. OAHaKO npenceaarens fKAT n.B. ,QeMeHTbeB noaonsuo pe3KO 060pBan ero, 3a51BIt1B, 4TO ecnu ,QanbHelii aBlt1alllt11t1 HY>KeH cavoner, TO fiepure, 4TO

50M6apoup08U4UK Ty-22, 3KcnOHUPYeMblU 8 My3ee BBC POCCUU 8 MOHUHO

6

«ABl1aKOM.eKUI1S1» NQ 1 '2004

AaeM C nOC11eAYlOllII-1MI-1 Aopa60TKaMI-1, a eC111-1 HeT, - orxaasraaarecs.

An~ yCKopeHI-1~ AOBOAKI-1 B asrycre 1961 r.

BBC nepenana npOMbIW11eHHOCTI-1 ABa Ty-22. CaM011eT NQ 302 npenaaaaavancs A11~ I-1cnblTaHI-1ii1 C MaKCI-1Ma11bHbIM B311eTHblM BeCOM, a Ha MaWI-1He NQ 404 B nll1l11 oTpa6aTblBa111-1 HaBI-1rall1-10HHYIO CI-1CTeMY 1-1 paAI-10060PYAoBaHl-1e.

Bcero Ha srane 3aBOACKI-1X I-1cnblTaHI-1ii1 I-1Cn011b30Ba110Cb AO 20 MaWI-1H. TaK, ceasMa~ npenuaaaa-ranacs A11~ I-1cc11eAOBaHI-1ii1 311epoHoB-3aKpbl11KOB, a BOCbMa~ - A11~ pecypcuux I-1cnbITaHI-1ii1. ABaAlIaTbliil cavo- 11eT 6bl11 Cepl-1ii1HblM 60M6apAI-1pOBllII-1KOM NQ 5050051. B 3aBOACKI-1X I-1CnbITaHI-1~X ero, 3aBepWI-1BWI-1XC~ Ha 62-M n011eTe B I-1I011e 1962 r., yyaCTBOBa111-1 11eTYI-1K H.II1. rop~iiIHOB, WTypMaH fO.r. WeCTaKOB 1-1 paAI-1CT KA LlIep6aKOB. BeAYllIl-1M I-1H)!(eHepOM no I-1CnbITaHI-1~M 6bl11 n.A. fOMaweB. B 3TI-1X nonerax AOBe111-1 CKOPOCTb AO COOTBeTCTBYIOllIeiil YI-1C11Y Maxa 1,33, nansuie y)!(e HaYI-1Ha11I-1Cb OrpaHl-1yeHI-1~ no cpnarrepy 1-1 pesepcy 311epoHoB. Ha COBelllaHl-11-1 17 ~Hsapa 1962 r. Tynones CKa3a11: «CaMo11eT XOPOWI-1ii1, MOTOP xopouraa. HY)!(HO MaWI-1- He naears XOA, HY)!(HO 11eTaTb 1-1 Ha61-1paTb onsrr axcnnyarauaa. ABapl-1ii1Hblx AecpeKTOB HeT, pesepc 06c11eAyeM 1-1 AaAI-1M peKOMeHAalll-1l-1» .

npl-1 3TOM coxpaasncs P~A MeHee 3HaYI-1MblX HeAocTaTKoB, CB~3aHHbIX C 060pyAOBaHl-1eM caM011eTa. Ellie BO apevs I-1CnblTaHI-1ii1 Ty-16 CT011KHY11I-1Cb C HeHaAe)!(Hoiil pa60TOiiI paAl-10110Kall1-10HHoro npuue- 11a «Apron». 06 3TOM ycrpoacrse Aa)!(e ynoM~Hy111-1 B CTI-1XaX, nOCB~llIeHHbIX Ty-16, rne, B YaCTHOCTI-1, 6bl111-1 cneziyioutae CTpOKI-1: «Ha CTO~HKe Kpl-1K 1-1 CTOH, He patioraer «Apron». CnYCT~ MHoro 11eT He 11YYWe 06- CTO~110 Ae110 C npl-1l1e110M Tn-1, raioce npeAHa3HayeHHbiM A11~ crpensriu 1-13 nyuie«, aaunuuaauiax 3aAHIOIO nonycrpepy B 1961 r. npa I-1CnbITaHI-1~X sroro Te11eBI-1- 31-10HHOrO npuuena co cnl-1pa11bHoiil paasepTKOiil 06HapY)!(I-1110Cb «cnenoe n~THO» (BI-1- AI-1MO, B ueurpe oxpaaa Ha 311eKTpoHHO-11YYeBoiil rpytixe. - Ilput«. asm.) 1-1 npaW110Cb nopafia'rsreare ycrpoacrao nOA CTpOYHYIO paaaeprxy

K ceHT~6plO 1962 r. rpa MaWI-1Hbl B paraxax 3aBOACKI-1X I-1cnblTaHI-1ii1 COBepWI-1111-1 149 n011eTOB. 25 ceHT~6p~ Haya11C~ BTO po iii , 3aKJ1IOYI-1Te11bHbliil, sran rocynapcrseausrx I-1cnblTaHI-1ii1 60M6apAI-1pOBllII-1Ka B HII1I11 BBC. A 1 0 OKT~6p~ npa Ha3eMHbiil roHKe ABl-1raTe11eiil Ha MaWI-1He NQ 501 Ha OAHOM 1-13 HI-1X pa3pYWI-111aCb nepaas cryneas KOMnpeccopa. B I-1TOre caM011eT cropen, a I-1CnblTaHI-1~ npl-1W110Cb npOA011)!(I-1Tb Ha paaBeAYI-1Ke Ty-22P NQ 403. K 3TOMY BpeMeHI-1 Ha caM011eTe C n011eTHbIM BeCOM 57,5 T Ha cpopCa)!(HOM pe)!(I-1Me pa60Tbi ABl-1raTe11eiil YAa110cb AocTl-1rHYTb CKOPOCTI-1 1465 KM/y Ha BblCOTe 11 KM, YTO COOTBeTCTBOBa110 YI-1C11Y Maxa 1,38 1-1 Ha «MaKCI-1Ma11e»- 1022 KM/y (M=0,963). npl-1 B311eTHOM sece 75 T Ty-22P I-1Me11 BepTI-1Ka11bHYIO CKOPOCTb y 3eM111-1 18,6 ulc. 3TI-1 AaHHbie cyuiecraeaHO YCTyna111-1 cOAep)!(aBWI-1MC~ B 3aAaHI-1I-1.

r11aBKOM BBC A0KJ1aAbIBa11 B lIK KnCC A.<I>. YCTI-1HOBY:

«YcTaHoB11eHHble npaBI-1Te11bCTBOM cpoKI-1 COBMeCTHblX roCYAapCTBeHHblX I-1CnblTaHI-1ii1 copsasu, maBHblM 06pa30M, no BI-1He 3aBOAa NQ 156 ... Onpeneneassre B npouecce 3aBOACKI-1X I-1cnblTaHI-1ii1 11eTHO-TeXHI-1YeCKl-1e xapaKTepl-1CTI-1KI-1 He n011HOCTblO COOTBeTCTBYIOT 3aAaHHbIM:

- CKOPOCTb MaKCI-1Ma11bHa~ - 1450 KM/y (aanaso 1500-1600 KM/Y);.

- Aa11bHOCTb Ha A03BYKe - 4700 KM (aanaso 5800 KM);

- Aa11bHOCTb Ha cBepx3BYKe - 1950 KM (sanaao 2300-2500 KM);

- AO CI-1X nop He npOBeAeHbl CTaTI-1YeCKl-1e I-1CnbITaHI-1~ caM011eTa C YCI-111eHHbIM cpI03e11~)!(eM;

- He CH~Tbl OrpaHl-1yeHI-1~ no cp11aTTepy 1-1 CKOPOCTI-1 pesepca 311epOHOB;

- HeB03MO)!(eH n011eT C Maccoiil TOn11l-1- ea MeHee 3 - 4 T;

- ABl-1raTe11b BA-7M rpefiyer 15- TI-1 MI-1HyTHOro nporpesa, BMeCTO 5 MI-1H. 1-1 T·A·»·

Bce 3TI-1 3aMeyaHI-1~, 6e3yc11oBHO, I-1Me- 111-1 cyuiecrseaaoe 3HayeHI-1e 1-1 OrpaHI-1YI-1- Ba111-1 60ecnoc06HoCTb HOBoro caM011eTa.

B Ka3aHI-1 1-13roTOBI-1111-1 20 Ty-22. KaK 60- easre caaoneru OHI-1 He npI-1MeH~11I-1Cb. MaWI-1Hbl, nocrpoesaue B sapaaure «YI-1Croro» 60M6apAl-1pOBllIl-1Ka, 6bl11I-1I-1Cn011b30- BaH~ A11~ 06yyeHI-1~ 11I-1YHOrO COCTaBa Aa11bHeiil a B 1-1 a 1..11-1 1-1 , a raxxe A11~ nepeofiopYAOBaHI-1~ B onsrrasre ofipaaus, paasenYI-1Ka-60M6apAl-1pOBllII-1Ka Ty-22P 1-1 nOCTaHOBllIl-1Ka novex Ty-22n (nepeAe11a111-1 He MeHee n~TI-1 MaWI-1H), a TaK)!(e A11~ pa311I-1YHblX I-1cnbITaHI-1ii1. B YaCTHOCTI-1, Ha caM011eTax NQ 7 1-1 NQ 14 I-1CnblTblBa111-1 6011ee MOlllHble ABl-1raTe111-1 PA-7M-2, a Ha nepBOM 1-13 HI-1X 1-1 311epOHbl-3aKpbl11KI-1. OTpa60TKa HOBI-1HOK Ha 3TI-1X cavonerax n03B011I-111a cyllIeCTBeHHO nOAH~Tb ypoaeas HaAe)!(HOCTI-1 Ty-22 , XOT~ I-1HorAa 1-1 lIeHoiil pa361-1TOiil TeXHI-1KI-1 1-1 rl-16e111-1 I-1cnbITaTe11eiil.

8 suaaps 1964 r. pa36l-1flC~ YeTBepTbliil cepl-1ii1Hbliil caM011eT (NQ 5029025), Ha11eTaBWI-1ii1 ecero 113 yaCOB 46 MI-1Hyr. B TOT AeHb 11eTYI-1KY-l-1cnbITaTe111O nll1l11 6.B. noflOBHI-1KOBY, WTypMaHY H.<I>. 60YKapeBY 1-1 panacry B.A. HeK11IOAoBY npencrosn noner C uens-o I-1CCfleAOBaTb pa60TY cepl-1ii1- HOro ABl-1raTe11~ BA-7M C Aopa60TaHHoiil cl-1CTeMoiil 3anYCKa 1-1 ero revneparypseie pe)!(I-1Mbl. 4epe3 OAHY-ABe MI-1HyTbl nOC11e sanera MaWI-1Ha ynana B 5,5 KM OT aapoAPoMa. npeAn0110)!(I-1Te11bHO npl-1YI-1Hoiil rpareaa« Mor CTaTb OTKa3 Tpl-1MMepHOro MeXaHI-13Ma cTa61-1111-13aTopa. B cnoxaoa 06cTaHoBKe (Ha60p BblCOTbl Ha rpopcaxHOM pe)!(I-1Me pa60Tbi nsararenea 1-1 nonorl-1ii1 paasopor B 0611aKax Ha Mafloiil BbICOre) 3TOMY cnocoticrsoeana Maflbliil sanae npOAOflbHOiil YCToiilYI-1BOCTI-1 1-1 OTCYTCTBl-1e AeMncpepa raaraxa.

B 1965 r. fleTYI-1KI-1 HII1I11 BBC EA IV1I;1- MOB 1-1 B.II1. KY3HellOB Bbl~Bl-1fll-1 ellle OAI-1H cepbe3Hbliil nediexr. KnI-1MOBY npencrosno I-1CnblTaHl-1e aBapl-1ii1Horo cnasa ronrtasa. B311eTeB C aaponpova nll1l11, MaWI-1Ha C

n011HbIMI-1 6aKaMI-1 YW11a B 30HY, rne C11I-1111-1 TOnfll-1BO 1-13 npasoa rpynnu xpuru-eaux 6aKOB. npl-1 3TOM B03HI-1K Cl-1flbHbliil KpeH aneso, Afl~ napapoaauas KOTOPOro npaW110Cb nepexa-ran, -racrs ropio-rero 1-13 cpI03efl~)!(HbIX 6aKOB (Ha cauonere euie He 6bl110 aBTOMaTa lIeHTpOBKI-1.) npl-1 HOBOM cnase TOn11I-1Ba, 1-13 neaoa KpblflbeBoiil rpynnbl 6aKOB, noseneaae MaWI-1Hbl nOBTOpl-1- noes, HO C 06paTHbiM KpeHOM.

npl-1H~B peuieuae 0 npexpauieuaa BblnOflHeHI-1~ 3aAaHI-1~, KOMaHAl-1p A11~ ofiecneyeHI-1~ Tpe6yeMoiil lIeHTpOBKI-1 np0l-13Be11 nepexa-ixy ropto-rero 1-13 0AHI-1X 6aKOB B APYrue. nOKa CKOPOCTb y caM011eTa 6bl11a 6011bwa~, ace umo xopouio. HO npa saxone Ha nocaaxy MaWI-1Ha crana 3aAI-1paTb HOC, a pYfleiil He xsarano. Ilepaas peak- 1I1-1~ 11eTYI-1Ka - OTKa3 ynpaBfleHI-1~, MaWI-1- Hy ace CI-111bHee T~HeT Ha XBOCT. Y KnI-1MOea y)!(e 6bl11 OAI-1H cflyyaiil, npl-1yeM HOYbIO, xorna Ha B311eTe OTKa3aflO 6YCTepHoe ynpaaneuue cTa61-1111-13aTopOM. nl-1Wb BOBpeM~ pacn03HaHHbliil AecpeKT 1-1 6blCTpa~ peaKIII-1~ fleTYI-1Ka n03B011I-1111-1 rorna npepsars B311eT 1-1 OCTaHOBI-1Tb Hel-1cnpaBHYIO MaWI-1- Hy Ha nonoce.

Ha 3TOT paa BblXOA 1-13 C110)!(Hoiil cnrya- 1..11-11-1 HaweflC~ HeO)!(I-1AaHHO. Kfll-1MOB coofipaann, YTO ecna AaTb «ras», TO pacnono)!(eHHble esuue ue-rrpa T~)!(eCTI-1 ABl-1raTe- 111-1 C03AaAYT nl-1Kl-1pYlOllIl-1ii1 MOMeHT, OCTaHOBI-1B nporpeccaposaauree YBe11l-1yeHl-1e yrna aTaKI-1. TaK 1-1 np01-130WflO. Ho T~)!(eflbliil caM011eT cen C nepenerou 1-1 HanpaBl-1flC~ K 110BYWKe B KOHlIe nonocsi, rne B 3TO BpeM~ CTO~fl nOBpe)!(AeHHbliil HaKaHYHe 11111-62. Jlaure CyaCTflI-1BOe CTeyeHl-1e 06CTO~TeflbCTB He npl-1Be110 K xaracrporpe:

Ty-22 OCTaHOBl-1flC~, He A06e)!(aB AO «1-111a». AOBOflbHO 6blCTPO Bbl~CHI-1110Cb, YTO npennOCbl11KOiil K fleTHOMY np0I-1CWeCTBI-1IO CTa11 KOM61-1HI-1pOBaHHbliil YKa3aTe11b OCTaTKa Tonnasa. I-1MeBWI-1ii1 ABe uncansr, Ha Ka)!(Aoiill-13 KOTOPblX 6bl110 no ABe CTpeflKI-1. 3TI-1 CTpe11- KI-1 1-1 BBe111-1 B 3a6flY)!(AeHl-1e nl-1110Ta. Ha caMOM nene npa nepexa-xe ropiovero OH aapyuian lIeHTpOBKY, CABI-1HyB ee Ha3aA.

To )!(e cauoe np01-130W110 C fleTYI-1KOM B.II1. KY3HeIlOBbIM. Ha nsroa MaWI-1He ycTaHOBOYHOiil cepl-1l-1 eMY npencroano I-1CC11eAOBaTb noseneaae 60M6apAI-1pOBllII-1Ka Ha CPbIB, AOBeA~ ero AO Kpl-1Tl-1yeCKI-1X yrnoa aTaKI-1. B CT011b pl-1cKoBaHHbliil noner MaWI-1- Ha yuma C OrpaHl-1yeHHblM 3Kl-1na)!(eM (nerYI-1K 1-1 paAI-1CT) 1-1 Heno11Hoiil aanpaaxoa Tonnasa, nepeA Haya110M pe)!(I-1Ma nOTpe60- Ba11C~ nepe11I-1B ropo-rero. 111 TyT KY3HelloB nonan B TaKYIO )!(e carya 1..11-1 10 , YTO'1-1 KnI-1- MOB. CABoeHHble CTpeflKI-1 cnenana csoe neno. Casaoner C ype3MepHO 3aAHeiillleHTPOBKOiil copsancs B urronop 1-1 naaan KaK 11I-1CT, n11aWM~, nepeeanasascs C xpuna Ha Kpbl110. Korna BblCOTa YMeHbWI-111aCb AO 6000 M, KOMaHAl-1p, BI-1A~ CBOIO 6ecnoMolllHOCTb, npaxaaan nOKI-1Hyrb Mawl-1HY paAI-1- CTY fO.A. HOBI-1KOBY. CaM OH npOA011)!(a11 60pOTbC~ aa cnaceuae 60M6apAl-1pOBllIl-1- xa. nl-1Wb nocne asmycxa npOTI-1BOWTOnopHOro napaunora Ha BblCOTe 3000 M cauo- 11eT CTa11 nocnyurea pyfl~M. Ho, KaK 1-13B~C-

«ABHaKOA.A.eKUHSI» NQ 1 '2004

7

THO, 6e,[la He npaxonar onua. nocne xaranynsraposaaaa panucra OCTeKneH~e CPOHap~ noxpsinocs cnoev nsna, ~ n~Wb pacY~CT~B B HeM He60nbwoe OKOWKO, n~nOTY Y,[IanOCb COBepW~Tb nOCa,[lKY.

KaK paccxaasrsan nOTOM Kn~MOB, Tynonea, He CKPbIBa~ csoero HerO,[lOBaH~~

~ B cBoliicTBeHHolii eMY MaHepe, asrcxaaanC~: «CBOnOY~ (Ha caMOM nene ero asrpa)f(eH~e 6bln0 KY,[Ia xpenxe. - [lput«. 86m.), nOCTaB~n~ xpeHoBbl1ii npafiop, nOTOM caMoneTbl 6bIOTC~, a Tynones B~HOBaT».

B ~lOne 1961 r., nocne ,[IeMOHCTpall~~ Ty-22 Ha B03,[1YWHOM npa3,[1H~Ke B Tyuru-

He, 3apy6e)f(Hble cneuaanucru oxpecruna Maw~Hy «6bIOT~» - «Flpenecrs». Ho Y)f(e B 1962 r. skcneprsi HATO npacsoana elii MeHee 6naro3BYYHOe KO,[lOBOe ~M51 «6n~Hnep», YTO B nepesone oaaa-raer «Cnerieu». Ho B CCCP K MaW~He npOYHO npnpocno npoasauie «Illnno».

PA3BE,I1;QHK-IiOMIiAP,I1;HPOBI.I.J;HK TY -22P

Ty-22P cran nepaoa MO,[l~cp~Kall~elii csepxaeyxoaoro 60M6ap,[l~pOBllI~Ka. 3Ta MaW~Ha ~ ee nocnenyiouiae eapaauru npenaaaua-ranacs npe)f(,[le scero ,[In~ Be,[IeH~~ pa,[l~oTexH~yecKolii ~ cporopaasenK~ aoeuuo-npoweuuneuuux 06beKToB, a3pO,[lpOMOB, craproasrx n03~1I~1ii paxer, BoeHHo-MopCK~X 6a3 ~ nopros, pnc ~ npyrnx BoeHHblX 06beKToB B rny60KoM rerny npcraaaaxa, a raiose Ha Mope, ,[IHeM ~ HOYblO, B npOCTblX ~ CnO)f(HbIX MeTeoycnoB~51X.

60pTOBoe 060py,[lOBaH~e n03Bon~no BeCT~ pa,[l~OTeXH~yeCK~1ii nO~CK pnc C ~cnonb30BaH~eM annaparypu «PoM6-4A» ~ «P03a», panaonoxauaorutyro paaaenky MeCTHOCT~ C nououn.o 60PTOBolii pnc «Py6~H» ~ cpororparpapoaauae ~306pa)f(eH~~ Ha axpaae npacraaxosi <t>APM. B OTcexe 60eBolii aarpyska paaveutanacs B pa3n~YHblX KOM6~Hall~51X rporoannapars:

A<t>A-40, A<t>A-41, A<t>A-42, a raose KaMepa ,[In51 HOYHolii CbeMK~ HA<t>A-MK-75. MaW~Ha 6blna YKoMnneKToBaHa KOMaH,[IHolii ~ CB513Holii (<<ren~lii» C ,[IanbHOCTblO CB~3~ ,[103000 KM) pa,[l~OCTaHII~51M~, neperosopHblM YCTpoliicTBOM CnY-7, pa,[l~OKOMnacoM APK-54, c~cTeMolii cnenoa nocanka Cn-50 ~ cTaHII~elii «CBO,[l», kacceraraa K,QC-16r ,[In51 c6poca nporaaopanaonokauao-urux orpaxarenea C 6YHKepaM~ Ann-22, CTaHlI~elii aKT~BHbIX novex, pnc «Py6~H-1 M», Om~yeCK~M 60M60BbiM On6-15 ~ renean- 3~OHHbIM crpenxoeuv Tn-1 npauenaua.

Ka6~Ha urrypuaua Ha Ty-22P, B ornny~e OT 60M6ap,[l~pOBllI~Ka, ~Mena nortonH~TenbHoe OKHO B npaaov 60PTY cpI03en51- xa, npenaaaaa-raaureeca ,[In51 pa60Tbi C B~3~pOM nepcnexruauoro cpoTOannapaTa.

OnblTHbl1ii ofipaaeu passen-raxa nepeofiopynoaana ~3 13-ro cep~IiiHoro 60M6ap-

,[I~pOBllI~Ka (NQ 1040034). Ero BbIKaT~n~ ~3 C60pOYHOrO uexa B anpene 1961 r. Bblnonaas n51Tb noneroa B Ka3aH~, 3K~na)f( neTY~Ka-~CnbITaTen51 Iopioaoaa (B KOTOpbllii BXO,[l~n~ urrypuaa Konocos ~ 60PTpanncr n~pO)f(KOB) 28 anpens 1961 r. nepeneren B >KYKOBCK~1ii Ha neruo-acnsrraTenbHYIO ~ ,[IOBO,[lOYHYIO fiaay (m1 ~ ,(6) OK6-156 ,[In51 npoaeneuas 3aBO,[lCK~X ~cnbITaH~Iii. nocne ,[IOpa60ToK ~ yCTaHoBK~ akcnepaveuraru.uoro 060py,[lOBaH~51 caMoneT esmoruurn uiecrs TpeH~pOBOYHbIX noneros nepen B03,[1YWHbIM npa3,[1H~KOM B TYW~He, ~ n~Wb nocne ororo C 24 ~lOn51 Hayan~Cb ~cnblTaTenbHble nonersi no nporpaMMe. Crapurara Be,[lYlll~M ~H)f(eHepOM no ~cnbITaH~51M 6bln or Ecp~MoB. CnycT51 MeHee rpex MeC51lleB, 10 OKT516p51, npo~30wno ype3BbiyaliiHoe npoacurecraae. np~ Ha3eMHolii rOHKe ,[IB~raTenelii paapyuinnacs Typ6~Ha nesoro ,[IB~raTen51, ~ B03H~Kw~1ii noxap cpaKT~yeCK~ nonHOCTblO yH~Yroxan Maw~Hy. K 3TOMY BpeMeH~ cavoner ycnen cosepuiwn, 24 nonera.

V1cnbITaH~51 npononxnna Ha MaW~He NQ 2050015 (B ,[IOKYMeHTax ee yaCTO Ha- 3blBan~ NQ501), raxxe nepeodopynosaaHolii ~3 60M6ap,[l~pOBllI~Ka. 26 cpeBpan~ 1962 r. 3TOT cavoner, coaepuraauraa ceMb noneros B Ka3aH~, neperuana B >KYKOBCK~Iii, rne ~cnbITaH~~ npononxarur. Jleranu ~cnbITaTen~ E. rOplOHOB ~ H.V1. rop~IiiHOB. nepBbl1ii aran COBMeCTHblX ~cnbITaH~1ii 3aBepW~nC51 23 MapTa, nocne -iero paaseaY~K nepenanu Ha rocynapcrseausre ~cnblTaH~51. K 3TOMY BpeMeH~ 6bln~ ,[IOCT~rHyTbl (npa noneTHOM sece 57 500 «r) MaKC~ManbHa~ CKOPOCTb 1465 KM/y Ha BblCOTe 11 000 M, YTO COOTBeTCTBOBano y~cny Maxa, paBHoMY 1,38, a Ha 6eccpopCa)f(HOM pexaMe paoors: ,[IB~raTenelii (npa MaKC~ManbHbIX

060pOTax) - 1022 KM/y (M=0,963). BepruKanbHa51 CKOPOCTb, 3acp~Kc~pOBaHHa51 y 3eMna, paauanacs 18,6 M/c, a BpeM51 Ha60pa BblCOTbl 10000 M -15 M~H.

Ty-22P coxpaaan B03MO)f(HOCTb np~MeH~TbC51 B xa-iecrae 60M6ap,[l~pOBllI~Ka. OH Mor aarpyxarucs 60M6aM~ xanafipa ,[10 9000 Kr ~ HaHOC~Tb 60M60Bbie y,[lapbl C nlO6blx BblCOT ,[IHeM ~ HOYblO, B npocrsix ~ CnO)f(HbIX MeTeoycnOB~51x. ,Qn51 3TOro rpe- 60Banocb n~Wb 3aMeH~Tb paaaensiaaTenbHoe 060py,[lOBaH~e B OTceKe 60eBolii Harpy3K~ Ha 60M6ap,[l~pOBOYHoe. pnc «Py6~H-1A» ~ Om~yeCK~1ii npauen On6-15 BXO,[l~n~ B COCTaB cra-mapruoro 060py,[l0- BaH~~.

,Qn51 ~H,[I~B~,[IyanbHolii 3alll~Tbl np~ npopsrae -repea cacrevy nBO npoT~BH~Ka Ty-22P ocaauianacs ycrpoacrsava nOCTaHOBK~ naCC~BHbIX novex K,QC-16 ~ xacceTaM~ ACO-2V1, pa3MelllaBW~M~c51 B rOH,[IOnax OCHOBHblX onop uraccn. Ha nepsux cep~51X pa3Be,[lY~KOB no-npexuevy MOHT~pOsana KOPMOBYIO cTpenKoBYIO YCTaHoBKY. BnOCne,[lCTB~~ Ha uexoropsix MaW~Hax ycrauaanasanacs BMeCTO KopMoBolii crpenxoaoa yCTaHoBK~ ,QK-20C CTaHII~~ aKT~BHbIX novex CnC-151/152/153. Pa3- Be,[lY~K Mor ~cnonb30BaTbC51 ~ B «a-recrae cavonera pa,[l~03neKTpOHHOIii 60Pb6bl. ,Qn51 3TOro He06xo,[l~MO 6blno n~Wb OCHaCT~Tb ero cooraercreyrouiaa CbeMHblM 060py,[lOBaH~eM.

K KOHIIY 1961 r. ~3 C60pOYHOrO uexa 3aaona NQ 22 BbIKaT~n~ n51Tb paasen-rakoa. nepBble ,[IBa Ty-22P (NQ 304 ~ NQ 1032054)

oaUH U3 nepSblX pa3sea..,UKOS Ty-22p, dopa6omaHHblx no cmaHdapmy «smenone»

8

"ABl1aKOMeKUIUI" NQ 1 '2004

ofineran 3aBO,QCKoi1 neTYIi1K-Ii1CnbiTaTenb 5.B. Maurxoeues, rpersjo (NQ 401) nonHIi1Man B B03,QYX A.M. VlCTOMIi1H, naryro (NQ 1040034) - repoi1 Cosercxoro COlO3a B.B. VlCTOMIi1H, Y,QocToeHHbli1 3TOro BbICOxoro 3BaHIi1f1 B rO,Qbl Benli1KoH OTeYeCTBeHHOi1 BOi1Hbl.

Hano OTMen1Tb, YTO rtonerst Ha nepsux Cepli1HHblX Ty-22P nepen c,QaYei1lt1x 3aKa3- YItIKY 6blnltl nonHbl ,QpaMaTItI3Ma. flpoaananltlCb KaK KOHCTPYKTItIBHble ,QecpeKTbl, TaK ItI OWItI6KItI 3Kltlna>Kei1, euie He,QOCTaTOYHO OCBOItIBWItIX MawltIHy. TaK, Ha cavonere NQ 1032054 (NQ 305) Ha sanere cnO>KltlnltlCb onopu waCCItI, ItI rsxenas MaWItlHa pacnnacranacs Ha aanerao-nocano-n-oa nonoce. nltlWb YY,QOM otiouinocs 6e3 noxapa, HO rsxenyo rpasvy nonysan urrypuau H. WaMltleB. n03>Ke, KOMMeHTltlpYfl 3TOT cny-iaa, HayanbHItIK nerao-ecnsrrarensuoa CTaHlIltl1tl 3aBO,Qa NQ 22 r.R <l>OMItIH paccxaasraan:

«Ha oprauu ynpaaneaas MaWItIHoi1 Bblaenn 06~1tIi1 TYM6nep aunycka ItI y60pKitl uiacca. no npennonoxe-uno aBapltli1Hoi1 KOMItICCItlIi1, MawKoBlIeB cnyYai1Ho (HeyaflHHO) sanen TYM6nep, YCTaHoBItIB ero B nonO>KeHltle «ytipauo», 3aTeM TyT >Ke ero nepexruo-ran B nonoxesae «Hei1TpanbHO)}, HO caraan npowen ItI 3aMKitl ·cpa60Tanltl. MaWIi1Ha ynana Ha 6eToH. Ilocne 3TOro cnyyafl nocrasana ,QBa TYM6nepa «BblnYCK)} ItI «y60pKa)}. A nOBpe>K,QeHHYIO MawltlHY BOCcraxoaana».

npitl Bb1nOnHeH1tl1tl nnouianoi Ha csepx- 3BYKOB0i1 CKOPOCTItl rpersic MawltlHY CTano paCKaYIi1BaTb BBepX-BHItI3. K TOMY epeMeHItl 3TOT ,QecpeKT Ty-22 e~e He «1tI3neYItInltl)}, ItI 3Kltlna>KY rtpnumocs «aranynsrapoBaTbCfI. O,QHaKO nocne 3TOro cavoner ycnoxoancs, ItI nltlWb astpafioraa TOnnItlBO, ynan Ha 3eMnlO. Ha nflTOM Ty-22P y nerYItIKa-ItICnbiTaTenfl B.B. VlCTOMItIHa npa nocanxe cnoxanacs onopu waCCItI, HO ItI B 3TOT paa 060wnOCb 6e3 noxapa.

B 1962 r. KOMaH,QOBaHltle AanbHei1

aBli1allltl1tl nepenano Ha COBMeCTHble ItICnblTaHltlfI euie ,QBa Ty-22P (NQ 5029025 Ii1 NQ 1029034). )l(1tI3Hb BTOPOi1 MaWItlHbl oxaaanacs KOPOTKOi1. 18 anpens cavoner, Ha 60PTY xoroporo HaXO,QltlnCfI 3Kltlna>K nVlVl B COCTaBe neTYItIKa H.B. Axceaosa, urrypMaHa H.<l>. 50YKapeBa ItI pa,QIi1CTa B.M. WecTYXItIHa, norepnen «aracrporpy nocne Hafiopa BblCOTbl 11-12 KM nponana casae KOMaH,Qltlpa C KOMaH,QHbIM nYHKTOM, nltlnOT He orse-an Ha aanpocu 3Kltlna>Ka ItI He KOppexrapoaan MapwpyT non eTa no KOMaH,QaM C 3eMnli1. nOHflB, YTO neno nnoxo, ItI nonYYItIB npuxaa C 3eMnli1, WTypMaH ItI pa-

fllOKU dnR cpomoannapamYPbl a npeeoii cmeopse 6oM6onIOKa (nonyomKpblmoe nonoJKeHue)

A3pocpomoannapam AtPA-421100

,QItICT «aranynsrapoeanacs. npltlYItIHY karaCTPOCPbl TaK ItI He ycrauoeana, HO npennonO>KIi1nli1 BpeMeHHoe HapyweHltle pa60TOcnoc06HOCTitl neTYIi1Ka.

Ha CepltlHHblX Ty-22P TpeTItli1 yneH 3KItInaxa, CTpenOK-pa,QIi1CT, cran araeaosatsca oneparopov. 3TO, BIi1,QItIMO, 06bflCHflnOCb TeM, YTO reneps OH 06cnY>KItIBan Ii1 MHoro-

YIi1CneHHOe ,QonOnHItITenbHOe 060pY,QOBa-

Hltle pa3Be,QYItIKa. .

KOHCTPYKTOPbl nOCTeneHHO MO,QepHItI31t1- posana Ty-22P, crapascs 1t136aBIi1Tb ero OT Haltl60nee Ba>KHbIX He,QOCTaTKoB. B 1965 r. Ha O,QHOi1 MaWItIHe ycraaoaana ,QBltlraTenltl PA-7M2 Tflroi1 16 500 Kr (3TO MepOnpltlflTitle HaMeyanOCb euie oceseio 1961 r., HO

Pa3aed'lUK-6oM6apdupoaU(UK Ty-22P,lJ

«ABl1aKOAAeKUI1R» NQ 1 '2004

9

· Pa3SeO'lUK-6oM6apoupOSU(UK Ty-22P~K

sanepxanocs 113-3a ,[Inl1TenbHO~ ,[IOBO,[lKI1 ,[IBl1raTene~). O,[lHOBpeMeHHO npl1MeHl1nl1 enepou-aaxpuruor. Tenepb anepouu patioranu nl1Wb Ha ,[I03BYKOBbiX CKOPOCn:IX, a npa nepexone Ha CBepX3BYK OTKnI04anI1Cb, 11 I1X CPYHK'-I111O BblnOnHSlnl1 BHeWHl1e cex'-11111 aaspsmsoa. npl1MeHeHHoe TeXHI14eCxoe peuieuae n03BOnl1nO I1CKnlO41-1Tb peaepc anepoaos 11 pacumpars ,[II-Iana30H CKopOCTe~ nonera. Ilnaroa sa aTO crane ycnO)f(HeHl-le CI-lCTeMbl ynpaanenas cavoneTOM. O,[lHOBpeMeHHO ynanocs ysena- 41-1Tb Kpi-lTI-I4eCKYlO CKOPOCTb cpnaTTepa xpema. Flporaaodinarrepaere rpyssi crann He HY)f(Hbl, 1-1 I1X CHSlnl1. V13MeHl-lnl-l KOHCTPYK'-I111O waCCI-I, cnenaa nO,[lBeCKY MSlr4e.

KaK yxe OTMe4anOCb, ,[IanbHOCTb Ty-22 oxaaanacs HI-I)f(e 3a,[laHHO~, YBenl-l41-1Tb )f(e ee MO)f(HO 6blno nl1Wb nYTeM ,[I03anpaBKI-I TOnnl1BOM B nonere. B ua-rane 1960-x rr. npoueaypa ,[I03anpaBKI-I 60M6ap,[ll1pOBL1!I1- KOB Ty-95 1-1 3M 6btna ,[IOCTaT04HO XopOWO OCBoeHa cTpOeBblMI-I aKl-lna)f(aMI-I, noerovy YCTaHoBKa Ha Ty-22 CI-lCTeMbl ,[I03anpaBKI-I B nonere no cxeve «KOHYC» HI1 Y xoro He scrpernna B03pa)f(eHI-I~. B 1962-1963 rr. aHanOrl-l4HbiMI-I yCTpo~CTBaMI1 (,[IOpa60TaB Tonnl1BHYIO CI1CTeMY) ocaacrann ,[IBa cePI-I~HbIX cavonera (NQ 3083012 1-1 NQ 901). npl-I aTOM MaWI1Hbl nonY41-1nl1 0603Ha4eHi-le Ty-22P.o. 6YKBa «.0» B aTI-lX I-IH,[IeKCaX 060- 3Ha4ana I-IMeHHO Hanl-l41-1e CI-lCTeMbl ,[I03anpaBKI-I. Tonnnao nepesa-iaeanocs C TaHKepa «1-I3,[1enl1e H» - nepe060pY,[lOBaHHOro Ty-16.

3aBO,[lCKl-le I-ICnblTaHI1Sl Ty-22P.o Ha4anl-lCb B nepsoa nOnOBI1He 1964 r. 1-1 CBO,[lI-lnl-lCb K oTpa60TKe MeTO,[ll-lKI-I KOHTaKTa ,[IByX MaWI-IH - aanpaansewoa 1-1 3anpaBL1!I-IKa. neTHble I-ICnblTaHI-ISl urna 04eHb rsxeno. 3a ron BblnOnHl-lnl-l nl-lWb -rerupe nepeKa4KI-I ropio-iero. B cyMMe nepeka-rann 25 T, B TO BpeMSl KaK nl-lWb onua nonuas noaanpasKa Morna nocrarars 13 T. 4T06bl orpatiorars MeTO,[ll1KY ,[I03anpaBKI-I, BoeHHblM neT411KaM-I-ICnbITaTenSlM norpefioaanocs casuue 60 noneros. Flepaere noneru Bbl-

norman IO.B. CYXOB, a 3aKaH41-1Ban npo- Pa3SeO'lUK-6oM6apouposU(UK Ty-22P~M Ha a3poopoMe S e. 3Heem.ce

rpaMMy repo~ Coaercxoro COlO3a EA KnI1- MOB, COBepWI-IBWI-I~ 45 «CTbIKOBOK».

O,[lI-lH 1-13 noneros BO BpeMSl rocyaapCTBeHHblX I-ICnbITaHI-I~ enaa He 3aKOH4I-1nCSl neTHblM np0I-ICWeCTBl1eM. npl-I sunycKe uinaara C rasxepa He BKnlO41-1naCb Tonnl1BHaSl CI1CTeMa, aanonaaeuiaa ero roPIO- 41-1M. nl-lWeHHbl~ )f(eCTKOCTI-I, OH fiorrrartcs B B03,[1YWHOM nOTOKe, KaK aepesxa. 3anpaB04Hbl~ KOHYC oropaancs 1-1 nponeren B onacnon 6nl130CTI-I OT Cl-lnOBO~ YCTaHOBKI1 cauonera, nanorapoaasuierocs 10.8. CyXOBbIM.

B xone I1CnbITaHI1~ KnI1MOB COBepWl1n O,[lI1H 113 caMblX npononxarensasrx I1Cnblrarensaux noneros Ha Ty-22 P.o. Ero caMoneT npowen no MapwpYTY -iepea CesepHbl~ noruoc, C ,[IByMSl ,[I03anpaBKaMI-I aKI-Inax HaXO,[ll-lnCSl B B03,Qyxe 9 4 48 MI1H. no- 4TI-I rpa rona npoaonxanacs I-ICnblTaHI-ISl Ty-22P.o, 1-1 B 1965 r. Ha4anOCb ero cepl1~Hoe npOI-l3BO,[lCTBO. O,[lHOBpeMeHHO non-

aeprnacs aHanOr1-l4HO~ ,[IOpa60TKe ace pasee BblnYL1!eHHble MaWI1Hbl. Cavoneret C yCTpO~CTBaMI-I ,[I03anpaBKI1 I1Menl1 YMeHbweHHbl~ sanae ronnasa - y HI1X CHI-lManCSl nepe,[lHI1~ 6aK.

Cepl-I~Hble Ty-22P.o KOMnneKTOBanl-lCb ,[IBl-lraTenSlMI-I P.o-7M2 C YBenI-l4eHHO~ TSlro~. MaKCI1ManbHaSl CKOPOCTb soapocna ,[10 1640 KM/4, ,[IOCTl-lrHyB 3a,[laHHO~ noCTaHOBneHl-leM COBeTa MI-IHI-ICTPOB CCCP Benl141-1Hbl. Bce aTI-I MaWI-IHbl I-IMe-

nl-l anepoa-aaspsrnka 11 ycoaepureacrsoBaH Hoe uiacca.

4aCTb cauoneroe Ty-22P 1-1 Ty-22P.o

OCHaCTl-lnl-l annapaTYpo~ pa,[lI-lOTeXHI-I4eCKO~ pa3Be,[lKI-I «Ky6». OHI-I I1MeHOBanl-lCb Ty-22PK 1-1 Ty-22 P.o K.

Ha py6e)f(e 1970-1980-x rr. no TeMe «Flporpans» Ha4anaCb paapafiorxa MO,[lI-lCPI-IKa'-ll1l-1 Ty-22P.oM C npl-lMeHeHl1eM CbeMHoro KOHTe~Hepa C pa3Be,[lbiBaTenbHbiM 060pY,[lOBaHl-leM, BKnlO4aBWI-IM CTaH'-I1-I1-I

Pa3SeO'lUK-6oM6apoupOSU(UK Ty-22P~M

10

«ABltaKOMeKUItIl» N2 1 '2004

061.l.1ei1 pa,Ql.10TeXHl.14ecKoi1 (<<TaHra>K») l.1 l.1HcppaKpacHoi1 (<<OCeHb») pa3Be,QOK, PDC 60KOBOrO 0630pa «WOMnOn» l.1 CMeHHbli1 KOMnneKT cpOTOannapaTYPbl ,QnR ,QHeBHOro l.1 H04HOro dxrrorpacpapoaaaaa. KOPMOBYIO CTpenKOBYIO YCTaHOBKY 3aMeHl.1nl.1 CTaHIIl.1ei1 aKTl.1BHbIX nOMeX CnC-151.

MO,Ql.1cpl.1Kalll.1R npenaaaaa-ranacs ,QnR Be,QeHl.1R rennosoa, panaonoxauaouaoa, pa,Ql.10TeXHl.14ecKoi1 l.1 cpOTOpa3Be,QKl.1 Ha,Q cywei1l.1 MOpeM. Oxono ,QeCRTl.1 paaee BblnYl.l.IeHHblX cavoneroe Ty-22PA nonseprnl.1 MO,QepHl.13alll.1l.1 B Tl.1n PAM. S OKOH4a-

S 1961 r. B COOTBeTCTBl.1l.1 C TaKTl.1KO-TeXHl.14eCKl.1Ml.1 Tpe60BaHl.1RMl.1 SSC paapafioTanl.1 caMoneT - nOCTaHOBI.l.Il.1K nOMex Ty-22n. Mawl.1Ha npenuaaua-ranacs ,QnR nO,QaBneHl.1R Ha3eMHbiX l.1 «opafiensuux PDC ,QanbHero 06HapY>KeHl.1R, ueneyxaaaHl.1R ynpaBnReMblM peaKTl.1BHbiM cHapR,QaM l.1 HaBe,QeHl.1R l.1cTpe6l.1Tenei1 C lIenblO 3aI.l.Il.1Tbl 60eBbix nopanxoa cavoneroa-paaBe,Q4l.1KOB l.1 paxeroaocuea, npeononeaaBWl.1X nso npOTl.1BHl.1Ka B CnO>KHbIX MeTeoycnoaasx. Cawoner Mor C03,QaBaTb aKTl.1BHble l.1 naccaaasre nOMeXl.1 PDC, pa60TaBWl.1M B pa3Ill.14Hb1X ,Ql.1ana30Hax sona.

S onblTHbli1 otipaaeu Ty-22n B aarycre 1962 r. nepenenana nsrryio MaWl.1HY 3-i1

TenbHOM Bl.1,Qe 3Tl.1 MaWl.1Hbl ocaauianacs CTaHIIl.1ei1 CPC-13 ,QnR aBTOMaTl.14ecKoi1 pa3Be,QKl.1 Ha3eMHbiX l.1 Kopa6enbHbix pa,Ql.10nOKaTopoB C l.1MnynbcHblM l.13nY4eHl.1- eM l.1 BCKPbITl.1R pa,Ql.10TeXHl.14ecKoi1 06cTaHOBKl.1 y npOTl.1BHl.1Ka. VlHcppaKpaCHaR annaparypa «7p» npenaaaaaxanacs KaK ,QnR nOl.1CKa l.1CT04Hl.1KOB rennosoro l.13nY4eHl.1R, TaK l.1 ,QnR nonY4eHl.1R rennosux kapr MecTHOCTl.1 BO scev ,Ql.1ana30He BbICOT, Ha4l.1- HaR C 200 M. PDC 60KOBOro 0630pa l.1CnOnbaosanacs ,QnR nonY4eHl.1R panaonoxauaoaHoro l.1306pa>KeHl.1R MeCTHOCTl.1, pa3nl.14HblX

IIOCTAHOBIllHK IIOMEX TY-22II

cepaa Ty-22 (NQ 1032054), OCHaCTl.1B ee BTOpblM Bapl.1aHTOM KOMnneKca «Cl.16l.1Pb-2». nOcne,QHl.1i1 ssrno-ran B ce6R CTaHIIl.1l.1 3arpanarensuux nouex l.1 ,QBa KOMnneKTa YCTPOi1CTB C03,QaHl.1R naCCl.1BHbIX nouex Ann-22. Annaparypy ,QnR C03,QaHl.1R novex paavecrann B HerepMeTl.14HOM KOHTei1Hepe n-2. nOcne,QHl.1i1 060pY,QoBancR B03- ,QYWHO->Kl.1,QKOCTHOi1 l.1 B03,QYWH0i1 Cl.1CTeMaMl.1 OXna>K,QeHl.1R l.1 3neKTpOnl.1TaHl.1eM. KOHTei1Hep pacnonarancs B rpY30BoM OTcexe cavonera.

S03,QYWHO->Kl.1,QKocTHaR Cl.1CTeMa, COCTORBwaR l.13 4eTblpeXCeKIIl.10HHOrO B03,QYWHOMacnRHoro panaaropa, 4eTbipex MacnRHblX 6aKoB C nOMnaMl.1l.1 rpyoonpoaonoe, oxnax-

CaMonem Ty-22P,q

06beKTOB, 60eBoi1 TeXHl.1Kl.1, KOMMYHl.1Kalll.1i1 l.1 Bbl,QeneHl.1R ,QBl.1>KYI.l.ll.1XCR uenea.

S 061.l.1ei1 CnO>KHOCTl.1 3aBO,Q NQ 22 nOCTpoan oxono 130 pa3Be,Q4l.1KOB-60M6ap,Ql.1- POBI.l.Il.1KOB (BKnI04aR onblTHble 06pa311bl, nepenenauasie l.13 60M6ap,Ql.1pOBI.l.Il.1KOB Ty-22). 60nbwaR 4aCTb Ty-22P nonana B AanbHlO1O aBl.1alll.1lO, HeMHOrl.1M 60nee 40 MaWl.1H -raxonanocs B COCTaBe aBl.1alll.1l.1 6anTl.1i1cKoro l.1 4epHoMopcKoro rpnoros.

nana Hal.160nee rennoaanpaxeaaue 6noKl.1. S03,QywHaR Cl.1CTeMa axrno-rana 3a60pHl.1K HapY>KHOrO B03,Qyxa, rpyoonpoaoner, Bblxo,QHble Haca,QKl.1 l.1 ooecne-raaana 06- I.l.IYIO BeHTl.1nRIIl.11O KOHTei1Hepa n-2 l.1 HapY>KHoe oxnaxaeaae 6nOKOB CTaHIIl.1i1.

nOCTaHOBKY naCCl.1BHbIX novex ocyuieCTBnRnl.1 C novoutsro pa3Mel.l.leHHbix B rpy- 30BOM orcexe Me>K,Qy 56-M l.1 60-M umasroyraMl.1 YCTPOi1CTB Ann-22, c6paCb1BaBWl.1X Kop06Kl.1 C OTpa>KaTenRMl.1 nOO,Ql.1H04Ke l.1nl.1 aannov.

Ty-22n KOMnneKTOBanl.1Cb PDC «Py- 6l.1H-1 A», npe,QHa3Ha4aBwei1cR He TOnbKO ,QnR 60M60MeTaHl.1R, HO l.1 noaaonsaiuea Ha- 6nlO,QaTb aa 3eMHbIMl.1 Opl.1eHTl.1paMl.1 l.1 ca-

ttocmsnoeuus« nOMex Ty-22n,q

«ABHaKOMeKUHJI» NQ 1 '2004

11

nepSblU Ty-22n (NY 1032054, OH JKe Ny 305), sbmy~eHHblUS Mae 1962 e. noiJ caMonemOM euoe« KOHmeuHep n-z

MOneTaMli1, HaXO,Qli1BWli1Mli1CH Ha Y,QaneHli1li1, paaaov BblCOTe nonera nOCTaHOBI.l.lli1Ka novex, a npu nonere Ha,Q BO,QHOVI nosepxHOCTb~ li1 ManOOpli1eHTli1pHOVI MeCTHOCTb~ -,QO 17-20 KM. B pacnopsxeaaa 3Kli1na>Ka li1MenCH li1 3Be3,QHo-conHe4HbIVi opae-rrarop oL\-63.

nOCTaHOBI.l.lli1K novex BHeWHe orna-ranCH OT 60M6ap,Qli1pOBI.l.lli1KOB li1 pa3Be,Q4li1KOB 06li1I1li1eM aHTeHH Ha cp~3enH>Ke li1 kpune.

B li1~He 1963 r. aasepuranca aran 3aBO,QCKli1X li1CnbITaHli1V1, li1 MaWli1HY npe,QbHBli1I1li1 Ha rocynapcraeaaue li1CnbITaHli1H, npoxo,Qli1BWli1e C 16 asrycra 1963 r. no 30 MapTa 1964 r. Be,QYI.l.lli1Mli1 no MaWli1He 6blI1li1

li1H>KeHep A.II1. 3aI1eHeBCKli1V1, I1eT4li1K C.M. Tli1MOHli1H, wTypMaH B.II1. tlaperoponues li1 panacr-oneparop 3.A. KOBaI1eHKo. B03- rnasnsn rocynapcrsexayio KOMli1CCli1~ reHepan-nOI1KOBHli1K TYPKeI1b. CTOI1b ,QI1li1- TeI1bHblVi CpOK li1CnbITaHli1V1 (XOTH 6blno BblnOI1HeHO scero 17 nOI1eToB) 06bHCHHI1CH pa3I1li14HbIMli1 ,Qopa60TKaMli1 li1 I1li1KBli1,Qallli1- eVi nOCI1e,QcTBli1V1 nonOMOK, li136e>KaTb KOTOpstx He Y,QaI10Cb. B 4aCTHOCTli1, B asrycre 1963 r. pa3pYWli1I1CH reseparop CrC-30-8, BCI1e,Q aa 4eM OTKa3aI1 MeXaHli13M ynpasneHli1H paaaoporov nepe,QHeVi HOrli1 uiacca.

Bee nycroro CaMOI1eTa, no cpaBHeHli1~ C Ty-22P, B03POC ,QO 49 000 Kr. 3TO OTPli1- uarensuo nOBI1li1HI10 Ha ero nerusre xapaxrepncraxa. B 4aCTHOCTli1, B 3aKI1~4eHli1li1 «AKTa no pe3YI1bTaTaM rocynapcreeuuux li1CnbITaHli1V1» OTMe4aI10Cb, 4TO ,QaI1bHOCTb YMeHbWli1I1aCb Ha 180-200 KM.

no li1TOraM li1CnbITaHli1V1 peKoMeH,QoBaI10Cb npli1HHTb Ty-22n Ha soopyxeuae BBC «B Ka4eCTBe cocrasaoa 4aCTli1 oouiero Hapsna Cli1I1, He06xo,Qli1MbIX ,QI1H nonaeneaas BceVi pa,Qli10I10Kallli10HHOVI Cli1CTeMbl nBO npOTli1BHli1Ka li1 ,QI1H ,QanbHeVlwero noasnueHli1H 3cpcpeKTli1BHOCTli1 60eBoro npli1MeHeHli1H». B ,QaI1bHeVlWeM Ty-22n npennaraI10Cb OCHaCTli1Tb npOTli1BOpa,Qli10I10Kallli10HHbIMli1 paxerava li1 60nee cOBepweHHblMli1 CTaHIIli1HMli1 aKTli1BHbIX novex, B 4aCTHOCTli1, runa «oacoru,». OTMe4aI1li1Cb KaK He,QOCTaTKli1 rpynoevxocn, PY4HOVI sarpyaxa aBTOMaTOB Ann-22, ,QnH -iero rpetioeanocs OK0I10 CeMli1 4aCOB pa60Tbi rpex nonrorosI1eHHbIX cneuaanacroa, a TaK>Ke spenaoe

KOHmeUHep n-2 Ha mpsncnopmnoii meneJKKe

12

«ABl1aKOM.eKUI1Sl» NQ 1 '2004

Bnl1~Hl1e I1CT04HI1KOB nOMeX Ha 3Kl1na>K 11 Cl1nOBYIO YCTaHOBKY.

B xone I1CnbITaHI1V1 Ty-22n cneuaansao I1CCneAOBanaCb COBMeCTI1MOCTb MO~HbIX 3neKTpOMarHI1THbiX reaeparopos C APYroVi annaparypoa cavonera. B uenov 3aMe4aHI1V1 He 6blno, ecna He C411TaTb He6onbwoe Bnl1~Hl1e annapaTypbl nOCTaHOBKI1 nOMex Ha pa60TY npl1eMHI1Ka KOMaHAHOVI paaaoCTaHlIl111 PCV1Y-5B.

Y>Ke B npouecce excnnyarauaa cepl1V1- HblX MaWI1H I1X o6oPYAOBaHI1e nOCTO~HHO COBepweHCTBOBanOCb, 4TO npI1BOAI1- no K nO~BneHI1IO HOBblX Bapl1aHTOB. Hanpl1Mep, Ty-22n-1 KOMnneKTOBanC~ CTaHIII1~MI1 CnC-44 «6YKeT-4», CnC-55 11 CnC-4M «KnIOKBa» I1nl1 CnC-5M «¢aconb», Ty-22n-2 - CnC-77, CnC-4M 11 CnC-5M, a Ty-22n-4 - CnC-22-70, CnC-33-70 11 CnC-5M. V13BeCTHbl MOAI1QJl1Kalll111 Ty-22n-6 11 Fl-?. BnocneACTB1111 4aCTb MaWI1H OCHacTl1nl1 CTaHIII1~MI1 CnC-151, CnC-152 11 CnC-153, npeAHa3Ha4aBWI1MI1C~ An~ I1HAI1BI1AyanbHoVi 3a~I1Tbl cavoneroa Ty-22K 11 Ty-22n. V1x paaueutana nOA 06TeKaTeIl~MI1 Ha MeCTe KOPMOBblX apTl1IlIlepl1V1CKI1X yc-

npOeKTl1pOBaHl1e 3TOro cavonera Ha4aIlOCb B 1961 r. rOA cnycrs npacrynann K 3aBOACKI1M I1cnbiTaHI1~M nepsoro, nepeaena-n-oro 113 Ty-22p, Y4e6Horo cavonera NQ 601. 3a Ka611HoVi «oarponapyevoro (o6y- 4aeMoro) nunora pa3MeCTI1Ill1 Ka611HY ner- 411Ka-I1HcTpYKTopa C xapaxrepusua BbICTY-

MaWUHbl KOMnneKca Ha3eMH020 o6cny»cueaHuR «onmecnep« n-2 U caM KOHmeUHep eosne caMonema Ty-22n

CepUUHblU Ty-22n, 19922.

TaHOBOK. nocne oCHa~eHI1~ cavoneroe P36 YCTpoVlcTBaMI1 A03anpaBKI1 TOnIlI1BOM B nonere OHI1 nOIlyYl1IlI1 o603Ha4eHI1e Ty-22nA.

3aBOA NQ 22 nOCTpOl1n oxono 50 cavoneTOB paAI103IleKTpOHHOVl6oPb6bl, BKIlI04a~ onsrnusre 06pa311bl, nepenenamrsre 113 Ty-22.

yqEJiHO- TPEHHPOBOqUblH TY -22Y

nalO~I1M cpoHapeM. CH~nl1 KOPMOBYIO CTpenKOBYIO YCTaHOBKY, nperepnen 113MeHeHI1~ 11 COCTaB o6opYAoBaHI1R Ha «aranynsTl1pyeMoe xpecrto I1HCTpYKTOpa, Bbl6pacblsaaurerocs B aBapl1V1HOVI CI1Tyalll1l1, KaK 11 Ha 60eBbiX MaWI1HaX, BHI13, YCTaHOBI1IlI1 60nee MO~HbIVi cTpen~IO~I1V1 MeXaHI13M.

Cavoner npOXOAl1n 3aBOACKI1e I1cnblTaHI1~ C 4 Ho~6p~ 1961-ro no 28 anpens 1963 r. B I1IOHe OH B Te4eHI1e HeAeIlI1 HaXOAl1nC~ Ha cneuaansusix I1cnbiTaHI1~X B HV1V1 BBC. C 23 I1IOIl~ Ha4anc~ sran rocynapcrseaasix I1cnblTaHI1V1 Ha APYroVi MaWI1He, NQ 602. Ho 27 I1IOIl~ noneru scex Ty-22 sanpera-

Y'Ie6HO-mpeHUpOeO'lHbIU ceuonem Ty-22Y

«ABHaKOMeKUHSI» NQ 1 '2004

13

Y'Ie6HO-mpeHUpOaO'lHbIU CaMOnem Ty-22Yt:l Ha a3pOOpOMe

nlil liI3-3a xaracrpodist O,QHOro liI3 Ty-22P AanbHe~ aBliIa~liIliI (nepBYIO MaWliIHY BOeHHble norepsru- 18 asrycra 1962 r. B m..,V1). Cnycrs 19 ,QHe~ liIcnblTaHliISi nponorrxanncs liI aaaepuranacs 28 SlHBapSi 1965 r. C peKoMeH,Qa~liIe~ 0 nplilHSlTliIliI Yl.Ie6HO~ MO,QliIc:plilKa~liIliI Ha eoopyxeuae. K 3TOMY apeMeHliI ceplil~Hble Ty-22Y Y>Ke nocrynann B SSC. 4YTb n03>Ke, HO B TOM xe 1965 r., Ha Yl.le6Hbie MaWliIHbl crana ycraaaanasars 060PY,QoBaHliIe ,QnSl noaanpaeoi ronnneov B nonere liI 60nee MOL1lHble TPA PA-7M2. Taxae cavoneru nonYl.llilnlil 0603Hal.leHliIe Ty-22YA.

Yl.Ie6Hbl~ aapaaar «Illana» ,QOBonbHO nonro cny>KliIn B l.IaCTSIX SSC liI MOpCKO~ aBliIa~liIliI 6e3 cYL1leCTBeHHblx aenonanox. nepBaSi xaracrporpa yl.le6Ho~ MaWliIHbl npouaouma 23 MapTa 1968 r. nplil ssmonHeHliIliI npeanocano-u-oro MaHeBpa HeO>KliI,QaHHO orsananacs BCSI XBOCTOBaSi -racrs. norlil6nlil neTl.IliIKliI O. 4Y>KKOB, H. XMbipeB liI urrypua» n. AaHl.IeHKo. Bnocnencrana

BbISlCHliInOCb, l.ITO nplill.llilHO~ rparenan CTanlil ycranocraue TpeL1llilHbl B KOHCTpyK~liIliI nnaaepa, B03HliIKWliIe B peaynsrare liIHTeHCliIBHO~ axcnnyarauaa. HeMe,QneHHo eecs napx Ty-22Y nonaeprcs TL1IaTenbHo~ npo-

PAKETOHOCHbIH KOMllJIEKC K-22

nepablU paKemoHoceu, Ty-22K c MaKemOM paKembl Ha a030ywHOM npa30HuKe a TyuiuHe, 1961 a,

14

«ABHaKOMeKUHSI» NQ 1 '2004

aepxe. Cawonensr, Ha KOTOPblX BblSlBliInlil onacasre ,Qec:popMa~liIliI, nournn B peMoHT.

Scero 3aBo,Q NQ 22 nocrpoan 46 yl.le6- HblX MaWliIH, BKnlOl.IaSi ,QBe onsrraue, nepe,QenaHHble liI3 Ty-22P.

S Hal.lane 1960-x rr. Ha soopyxeuae cosercsoa aBliIa~liIliI nplilHSlnlil pakeroaocasra KOMnneKC Ty-16K-10. O,QHaKo nepaoual.IanbHO BXO,QliIBWYIO B Hero nporaaoxopa- 6enbHYlO pakery K-1 OC coanaaana He ,QnSl Ty-16, a ,QnSl Ty-1 05. nOCTpO~KY ,QByx onsrntstx 06pa3~oB Ty-22K-10 HaMel.lanlil euie B 1959 r. AnSI nplilMeHeHliISi co csepx- 3BYKOBoro HOCliITenSi paKeTY c06li1panlilCb CYL1leCTBeHHO MO,QepHliI3li1pOBaTb. IlansHOCTb nonera MO,QliIc:plilKa~liIliI K-10n nnaHliIpOBanlil ,QOBeCTliI ,QO 300 KM, a CKOPOCTb -,QO 2700-3000 KMil.l. Ha 3TOM sapaa-rre npeanonaranocs liIcnonb30BaTb ,QBliIraTenlil KP-5-26 TSlro~ 4000 xr, a OT crpenceanaoro xpsrna nepe~TliI K rpeyronsuojay. 3aKOHl.IliInOCb see peweHliIeM C03,QaTb HOBYIO paxery, Ha3BaHHYlO X-22.

S anpene 1959 r. asnuno nOCTaHOBneHlile COBeTa MliIHliICTPOB CCCP 0 C03,QaHliIliI KOMnneKca K-22, B KOTOPbl~ ,Qon>KHbl 6blnlil BO~TliI cawoner-aocarens Ty-22K (Ty-22K-22) liI paxera X-22. Ty-22K ripenHa3Hal.lanCSI ,QnSl nOpa>KeHliISi panaoxoarpacruux TOl.lel.lHblX liI nnouianuux Ha3eMHblX liI MOPCKliIX (B TOM l.IliIcne liI nO,QBliI>KHbIX) uenea.

nepBOHal.lanbHO 3TY MO,QliIc:plilKa~liIlO XOTenlil CTPOlilTb C 60nee MOL1lHblMliI ,QBliIraTenSiMliI HK-6.

Ty-22K Mor liIcnonb30BaTbCSI KaK paxerouoceu liInlil KaK 60M6ap,QliIpOBL1IliIK. ComaCHO 3a,QaHliIlO B sapaaare 60M6ap,QliIpOBL1IliIKa OH ,Qon>KeH 6bln nerars C MaKCliIMMbHO~ CKOPOCTblO 1500-1600 KMil.l, C 6oM- 60BO~ Harpy3Ko~ 3000 Kr liIMeTb ,QMbHOCTb 5800 KM nplil CKOPOCTliI 950-1000 KMil.l liI 2300-2500 KM - nplil CKOPOCTliI 1200- 1300 KMil.l. MaKcliIManbHaSi 60M60BaSi Ha-

PaKema X-22 noo caMonemOM

rpysxa .MaW~Hbl KaK 60M6ap,Q~pOBlLI~Ka noxoaana ,QO 9000 Kr. np~ 3TOM 60M6bl Kan~6pa ,QO 3000 Kr nO,QBeW~Ban~Cb Ha Kacceruux, a Kan~6pa 5000 Kr ~ 9000 «r - Ha 6an04Hbix ,Qep>KaTemlx.

,QB~raTen~ HK-6 TaK ~ He noaaanacs, ~ paxerosoceu npaumocs CTpO~Tb C npe>KH~M~ B,Q-7M. nepBbl11 Ty-22K C 3T~M~ ,QB~raTemlM~ BbInYCT~n~ B 1961 r., nepeaenaa ero ~3 MaW~Hbl NQ 50500051. PIlC «Py6~H» 3aMeH~n~ Ha «Fll+». 60M600TceK nopaeorana non nO,QBeCKY paxens X-22 B nonyyronneauora nOnO>KeH~~, cnenas ero CTBOPK~ ,QByxceKlI~OHHbIM~. np~ nO,QBeCKe «punaTOI1 paxersr BHyTpeHH~e ceKlI~~ CKna,Qblaanacs BHYTPb, npa aarpysxe cauonera 60M6aM~ - pacKPblBan~cb nonHOCTblO. 3TO BbIHy,Q~no nepenenars nHeBMonp~BO,Q CTBOpOK. Kpoese roro, B orceke CMOHT~pOaana r~,QpaBn~4ecKylO cacrevy ynpasneH~SI 6an04HbiM nepxarenev paxeru. B npoT~BOnO>KapHylO cacrevy ,Q06aB~n~ can-an~3all~1O 0 noxape B rpY30BoM orcexe HOC~TenSl ~ ,QB~raTenbHOM orceke paxeru. flepexownoaoexe B CBSl3~ C YCTaHoBKol1 ,QOnonuarensasrx ~H,Q~KaTopoB ~ navn cnraan~3all~~ nonaeprnacs np~60pHble ,QOCK~ y rumora ~ urrypvasa. Bsenn armaparypy «Cupeaa-S», cnY>KalLlYIO ,QnSl npenynpex,QeH~SI 3K~na>Ka 06 06nY4eH~~ PIlC, COCTblKOBaB ee co cTaHlI~el1 «Ill+». B Ka6~Hax 3K~na>Ka ynsrparpaoneroeoe ocaeuieuae npafiopoa 3aMeH~n~ Ha xpacao-eenoe.

Paxerouoceu ocaauiancs ue-rrpaneHblM HaB~rall~OHHbIM BbI4~cn~TenbHbIM YCTPOI1CTBOM WHBY-6-1 a. OHO otiecne- 4~Bano aBTOMaT~4eCKoe Henpep~BHoe onpenenenue MeCTOnOnO>KeH~SI cavonera B OpTO,QpoM~4eCK0I1 C~CTeMe KOOp,Q~HaT MeTO,QOM C4~cneH~SI nyru ~ nepao,Q~4ecKylO ~X «oppexua-o nYTeM paaaonOKall~OHHOI1 nenearauan ,QByX on03HaHHblX panaonoxauaoaasrx opae-rrapos, ~3MepeH~e napawerpos aerpa, nporpavM~pOBaH~e MapwpyTa nonera, cPOPM~poaaune ~ Bbl,Qa4Y B OnT~4eCK~11 npalien ,QaHHbIX ,QnSl onpeneneuas MOMeHTa c6poca 60M6.

Jlerosi 1961 r. onblTHbl11 Ty-22K nepeneren ~3 Ka3aH~ B nO,QMocKOBHbll1 )KYKOBCK~11 Ha neruo-acnerrareru-uyro 6a3y OK6-156. OcP~lI~anbHble ~cnbITaH~SI Ha4anacs C 1 ~lOnSl. nepBbl11 noner C paKeTOI1 X-22 6bln aannauapoaaa Ha OKTSl6pb. B 3TOM >Ke MeCSllIe 3aBO,Q NQ 22 aunycran BTOPOI1 3K3eMnnSlp paxerouocua. 06e MaW~Hbl

Ty-22K,Cl c oeMoHmuposaHHou uuneneoii monnueonpueunune

~cnbITbIBan~Cb napannensuo. K 11 HOSl6- pSI OH~ cosepumna 39 noneros ~ OCYlLleCTB~n~ urecrs nycxoa paxer. Flpencenarens rKAT n.B. ,QeMeHTbeB nacan B WK KnCC: «Ty-22 ~MeeT 60nee urapoxoe ~cnonsaoaaaae ~ np~MeHeH~e, 4eM 6-58 (aMep~KaHCK~11 cTpaTer~4eCK~11 60M6ap,Q~POBlLI~K KOHB3P B-58. - npUM. aem.), Ha KOTOPOM He npe,QYCMOTpeHO paxersoe Boopy>KeH~e ... »

Cep~I1HOe npO~3BO,QCTBO Ty-22K 3annaaapoaana Ha 1964 r. B TOT ron ynanoes BblnyCT~Tb Ha 3aBO,QCK~e ~cnbITaH~SI TP~ MaW~Hbl, CTpO~Bw~ecSI napannensuo C 60M6ap,Q~pOBlLI~KaM~-pa3Be,Q- 4~KaM~. Ha 4eTBepTOM Cep~I1HOM cauonere Y>Ke ycrauoaana HOBbie ,QB~raTen~ P,Q-7M2.

B asrycre 1964 r. nocne y,Qa4Horo nyc«a paxers: X-22 C Ty-22K aaaepurancs nepBbll1 aran COBMeCTHblX ~cnbITaH~11 C~CTeMbl K-22. Bcero B ero pavxax BbInOnH~n~ ceMb nyckos paxer no pa3n~4HblM Ha3eMHblM ~ MOpCK~M lIenSlM. Ho ~3-3a H~3K0I1 Ha,Qe>KHOCT~ KaK 060py,QoBaH~SI, YCTaHoBneuaoro Ha cavonere, TaK ~ CaMOI1 paxeTbl KOMnneKC ,QOBO,Q~ncSI elLle HeCKonbKO ner. [..1 n~Wb B 1967 r. ero np~HSln~ Ha BO-

opyxeuae. O,QHaKo Y>Ke aa ,QBa rona ,QO 3TOro, C 3-ro «saprana 1965 r., 3aBO,Q NQ 22, Ha4~HaSl C MaW~Hbl NQ 3504, npucrynan K cep~I1HoMY BblnYCKY Ty-22K B COOTBeTCTB~~ C 3TanOHOM NQ 3102. 3T~ cavoneTbl ocuauianacs ,QB~raTenSlM~ P,Q-7M2 ~ ~Men~ anepoa-aakpsmka ~ HOBYIO KOHCTPyKlI~1O uiacca. npOT~BocPnaTTepHble rpy- 3bl OTCYTcTBoBan~. 60nee MOlLlHbie ,QB~rarena noaaonuna ,QOBeCT~ MaKc~ManbHylO CKOPOCTb 6e3 paxeru ,QO 1640 KM/4.

B 3TO BpeMSI nonHblM XO,QOM senacs pafioret no pacumpeaaio B03MO>KHOCTel1 paxeroaocuoro KOMnneKca. B asrycre 1962 r. asuuno nOCTaHOBneH~e npasarenscrsa 0 paapafiorxe aB~all~oHHo-paKeTHOI1 C~CTeMbl K-22n, BKnlO4aBWel1 caMoneT-HOC~Tenb Ty-22Kn ~ nporasopa,Q~onoKall~oHHylO paxery X-22n. OHa noasonuna 6bl He ronsxo CTaB~Tb nOMex~ pa,Q~OTeXH~4eCK~M cpe,QCTBaM npOT~BH~Ka, HO ~ 3cPcPeKT~BHO yH~4TO>KaTb ~X.

3Ha4eH~e 3T0l1 C~CTeMbl y,Qa4HO

CcPopMyn~poBan aawecrureru, Tynonesa C.M. Erep B CBoeM ,QOKna,Qe, C,QenaHHOM Ha 3ace,QaH~~ MaKeTHOI1 KOM~CC~~ B ~IOHe 1964 r.: «Taxra-iecxoe 3Ha4eH~e C~CTeMbl K-22n 04eHb Ben~KO, TaK KaK OHa 6Y,QeT

KOMnOHOSO'lHaR cxeu« OOH020 U3 paHHUX eepuenmoe Ty-22Kn

c aHmeHHOU CmaHL(UU <fKypc-H» Ha tumeuee monnueonpueunues. 3mom eepueum ucnblmb/sanCR Ha osyx ceuoneme«,

HO 0oo6peH He 6b1n

--

«ABHaKOAAeKUHSI» N2 1 '2004

15

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KpbmamaR paKema X-22

HWKHRR '1aCmb eepmuKaJJbHoao onepeHUR 8 noxodHoM nOnOJICeHUU cnOJICeHa

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MACIIITAJi 1:96 0i!!!!!' ~~~3M

16

"AUHaKOi\i\eKUHII» N2 1 '2004

17

"AUHaKOi\AeKUHII» N2 1 '2004

Ty-22KIJ esnemeem c nOdSeWeHHOU paKemOU

S'!BflSHbCS'!, no CYllIeCTBY, e,QI1HCTBeHHbIM Y,QapHbiM cpe,QCTBOM no npeO,QoneHI1IO CI1- CTeM nBO npOTI1BHI1Ka, no np0611TI11O B 3T0l1 CI1CTeMe nBO 6pewel1, -repea KOTOpsre B03MO>KeH npoxon B run I1nl1 K 060- pOHS'!eMbIM nBO 06beKTaM fioeasix nopsaKOB caMoneTOB-HOCI1Tenel1 Y,QapHblx xpsrnarsrx paxer 11 HOCI1Tenel1 ,QPyrl1x BI1,QOB snepaoro oPY>KI1S'!.

,QPyrl1e cpencraa paCC411TaHbi He Ha YHI14TO>KeHl1e, a Ha nonaaneune 3TI1X cpe,QCTB C nOMOlllblO pa,Q110npOTI1BO,Qel1- CTBI1S'! I1nl1 nOCTaHOBKI1 naCCI1BHblX novex. Pa60Ta Ha YHI14TO>KeHl1e, nOMI1MO 411CTO BoeHHO-TeXHI14eCKI1X napaverpos BepOS'!THOro nOpa>KeHI1S'! pa,Q110nOKaTopOB, I1MeeT ellle 11 Kpal1He TPY,QHO Y411TbiBaeMbll1 cpaKTOp, xorna yrpoaa y,Qapa no aKTI1BHO ,Qel1- CTBYlOllIl1M pnc 3aCTaBnS'!eT nocnenaax nepl10,Q114eCKI1 npespauiars pa6OTY, ,Qe30praH113YS'! TeM caMblM BCIO CI1CTeMY nBO».

ComaCHO 3a,QaHI1IO Ty-22Kn ,Qon>KeH 6bln I1MeTb paaayc ,QeI1CTBI1S'! 6e3,Q03anpaBKI1 TOnnl1BOM B nonere npa CKOPOCTI1 950- 1000 KM/4 B ,Ql1ana30He 2500-2800 KM, a Ha cBepx3BYKOB0l1 CKOPOCTI1 1300- 1400 KM/4 -1200-1500 KM. ,QanbHocTb nycka pakerst X-22n no MOPCKI1M lIenS'!M (paavepoe C Kpel1Cep) 11 Ha3eMHbiM pnc 3a,QaBanaCb B npe,Qenax 400-500 KM. npl1 3TOM BblCOTa nycxa paxeru onpeaenanacs B 10000-14000 M, a ee noner ,Qon>KeH 6bln npoxonars Ha ssrcorax 22 000-25 000 M C Kpel1CepCKOI1 CKOpOCTblO 2700-3000 KM/4. BepoS'!THoCTb >Ke nonanaaua B Kpel1Cep I1nl1 Ha nnouranxy paavepou 40x80 M ,Qon>KHa 6blna 6blTb He MeHee 0,8.

Cy,QS'! no MaTepl1anaM MaKeTHOI1 KOMI1CCI1I1, npencraaneaasre pacxerusre xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1 cauonera Ty-22Kn C ,QBI1- raTenS'!MI1 P,Q-7M2 B uenou COOTBeTCTBOsana 3a,QaHHbIM. B TO >Ke BpeMS'!, no MHe-

. HI1IO Tynonesa, I1MenaCb B03MO>KHOCTb yny4wI1Tb sanen-o-nocanovuue ,QaHHble caMoneTa-HOCI1TenS'!, npl1MeHI1B C,QYB no-

18

«ABlfaKOMeKUIfSl» N2 1 '2004

rpaHI1'lHoro cnoa (BI1,QI1MO, C aaxpunKOB. - npUM. asm.), 4TO Ha Cepl1l1HblX MaWI1HaX TaK 11 He peanaaosana.

,QnS'! peWeHI1S'! nOCTaBneHH~X nepe,Q K-22n 3a,Qa4 cavoner-uocarens OCHauiancs, KpOMe annaparypsi nOCTaHOBKI1 nouex, pa,Q110TeXHI14eCK0I1 CI1CTeMOI1 pa3Be,QKI1 11 lIeneYKa3aHI1S'! «Kypc-H», no- 3BonS'!BWel1 06HapY>KI1BaTb pa60TalO1lII1e panaonoxauaoaaue CTaHlIl111 Ha yaaneHI1I1 OT 200 ,QO 500 KM B 3aBI1CI1MOCTI1 OT I1X MOlllHOCTI1. npl1 3TOM aHTeHHY «Kypca» npennaranocs pa3MeCTI1Tb Ha WTaHre TOnnI1BOnpl1eMHI1Ka. Y>Ke B xone pa- 60Tbl MaKeTHOI1 KOMI1CCI1I1 cneuaanacru OK6-156 nOHS'!nl1, 4TO 3TO He CaMb111 y,Qa4Hbll1 sapaaar, nOCKonbKY aHTeHHa 3aTpY,QHS'!na ,Q03anpaBKY TOnnl1BOM B nonere, 11 Bnocne,QCTBI1I1 npl1HS'!nl1 npyroe peureuae. XOTS'! n03,QHee TaKYIO KOMnoHOBKY onpofioaana Ha ,QByX cavonerax, OT Hee OKOH4aTenbHO OTKa3an11Cb.

KaK BO,Q11 TCS'!, Ha 3TOM arane Me>K,Qy npe,QCTaBI1TenS'!MI1 3aKa3411Ka 11 pa3pa- 60T411Ka paaropenacs 6YPHbie cnopu. B I1TOre nOS'!Bl1ncS'! lIenbll1 Cnl1COK 3aMe4aHI1I1 11 npe,QnO>KeHI1I1. B 4aCTHOCTI1, XOTenl1 pacurapars pa60411e 30Hbl CTaHlIl111 aKTI1BHblX nowex ,QnS'! nOBbIWeHI1S'! YPOBHS'! aauiaru OT arax I1cTpe611Tenel1 npoTI1BHI1Ka 11 3aMeHI1Tb 3a,QHI1I1 pa,Q110nOKa- 1I110HHbll1 npauen npC-3 Ha npoxO,QI1BWI1I1 B TO BpeMS'! I1CnblTaHI1S'! npC-4 «Kpl1nTOH». Flpennaranocs paCCMOTpeTb B03MO>KHOCTb npopsrea CI1CTeMbl nBO npOTI1BHI1Ka Ha ManblX BblCOTax (50-200 M) C nocne,QYlOllIl1M nycKoM xpunarux paxer X-22n. Y>Ke I1MencS'! onsrr nO,Q06Horo npopusa nBO ycnoaaoro npOTI1BHI1Ka cTpaTerl14eCKI1MI1 paKeTOHOClIaMI1 Ty-95K. Bnocne,QcTBI1I1 3Kl1na>K11 Ty-22 113 crpoeBblX 4aCTel1 Hennoxo OCBOl1nl1 noners, Ha ManblX BbICOTax, npl14eM B PY4HOM pe>KI1Me.

Ha C03,QaHl1e Ty-22Kn yuino n04TI1 -rerupe rona. CI1CTeMY K-22n (K-22nCH) C

paKeTOI1 X-22n (3aTeM X-22nM), ocaauieuHOI1 naCCI1BHOI1 npOTI1BOpa,Q110nOKallI10HHOI1 rOnOBKOI1 caMOHaBe,QeHI1S'! npe,QbS'!BI1- nl1 Ha I1CnbITaHI1S'! B 1968 r. Jleruue I1CnblTaHI1S'! Ha4anl1Cb Ha cavonere C 3aBO,QCKI1M NQ 609. Bcnen aa 3TI1M paasepuynocs npo- 113BO,QCTBO HOCI1TenS'! Ty-22Kn B COOT BeTCTBI1I1 C 3TanOHOM NQ 3002.

Flapanneneao C pa3Be,Q4l1KaMI1 11 Y4e6- HblMI1 caMOneTaMI1 Ha paKeTOHOClIbl 11 caMoneTbl pa,Q1103neKTpOHHoro npOTI1Bo,Qel1- CTBI1S'! YCTaHaBnl1Banl1 060pY,QoBaHl1e ,QnS'! ,Q03anpaBKI1 TOnnl1BOM B nonere. TaK noS'!Bl1nl1Cb Bapl1aHTbl Ty-22K,Q 11 K,Qn.

061l111M He,QOCTaTKOM ,QnS'! ecex MO,QI1CPI1- Kalll1l1 Ty-22 6blnl1 nnoxae sanerao-noca,Q04Hble xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1. ,QnS'! I1X yny-uueHI1S'! Ha 0,QH011113 MaWI1H B KOHlIe 1960-x rr. npoaoaanacs pafiora no YCTaHoBKe B 06- rexarensx uraccn no O,QHOMY nO,QbeMHoMY ,QBl1raTenlO P,Q36-35 TS'!rol1 no 3000 xr; npl1 3TOM, KaK YTBep>K,QaIOT 04eBI1,QlIbl, ,Qnl1Ha paaoera YMeHbwl1nacb B 1,4 paaa. nO,Q06- Hble onblTbl nposonanacs, KaK 113BeCTHO, 11 Ha cawonerax Ml1r-23, Cy-15 11 T-6, HO ,QanbHel1Wero pa3BI1TI1S'! 3Ta l1,QeS'! He nony- 4l1na. PaCCMaTpl1BancS'! TaK>Ke sapaa-rr CO C,QYBOM nOrpaHI14HOrO enos C aaxpstnkoa OT auanora-merx ,QBl1raTenel1. ,QnI1HY pasoera Ty-22 nsrranacs COKpaTI1Tb 11 C novouuso paxeruux ycxoparenea Cnp,Q-63, HO 11 3,QeCb nansure onsrros neno He nouino.

B cepenaue 1960-x rr. npopaoarsraanCS'! sonpoc 06 I1CnOnb30BaHI111 Ty-22K ,QnS'! nepexsara B03,QYWHbIX (B TOM 411cne Manopaauepaux) 11 KOCMI14eCKI1X uenea.

Bcero 3aBO,Q NQ 22 nOCTpOl1n oxono 100 paxerouocuea, BKn104aS'! O,QI1H onblTHbll1, nepe,QenaHHbll1 113 Ty-22. Cy,QS'! no coofillIeHI1S'!M B ne4aTI1, acero 6bln0 nocrpoeso 311 caaoneros Ty-22 scex MO,Ql1cpI1Kalll1l1. It1x Cepl111HOe np0I13Bo,QCTBO 3aBepWI1nOCb

Ty-22KIJ Ha a3podpoMe S z.3Hzenbce

B 1976 r., npl-14eM nocnenaae MaWl-1Hbl noKl-1Aanl-1 C60p04Hbll1 uex 3aBOAa B Ka3aHl-1 napannensno C nepBblMl-1 Ty-22M.

3Tl-1 MaWl-1Hbl nonro HaXOAl-1nl-1Cb Ha BooPY>KeHl-1l-1. B Ka4eCTBe 3aMeHbi AmI

B COCTaB aaaauaonao-paseruoro KOMnnexca K-22 BXOAl-1nl-1 ynpaBmleMble Kpblnarue paxeru X-22, X-22M, X-22MA, X-22H, X-22HA xnacca «B03AYx - nosepxHOCTb» C aKTl-1BHOI1 paAl-10nOKalll-10HH0I1 ronoBKOI1 caMOHaBeAeHl-1H (rCH) l-1 X-22n l-1 X-22Mn C naCCl-1BHOI1. PaKeTbl X-22, X-22M l-1 X-22H cny>Kl-1nl-1 AnH HaHeCeHl-1H ynapoa no Ha3eMHbiM T04e4HbiM l-1 nnoL4aAHblM lIenHM, a TaK>Ke nOABl-1>KHbIM l-1 HenOABl-1>KHbIM lIenHM B OTKPblTOM Mope l-1 B6nl-13l-1 6eperOB0l1 4epTbi. ,QnH YHl-14TO>KeHl-1H l-1MnynbcHblX PIlC (B TOM 4l-1Cne xopa- 6enbHblX) npenaaaaavanacs X-22n l-1 X-22Mn.

Pakera l-1Mena KnaCCl-14eCKYIO cauonerHylO a3pOAl-1HaMl-14eCKYIO KOMnOHOBKY. B HOCOBOI1 4aCTl-1 pacnonaranacs annaparypa HaBeAeHl-1H Ha uens. B 3aBl-1Cl-1MOCTl-1 OT Ha3Ha4eHl-1H 3TO Morna 6blTb aKTl-1BHaH l-1nl-1 naCCl-1BHaH paAl-10nOKalll-10HHaH rCH, a AnH crpensos: no nnOL4aAHblM lIenHM - l-1HeplIl-1anbHaH Cl-1CTeMa HaBeAeHl-1H.

3a nepBblM OTceKOM HaXOAl-1naCb 60eBaH 4aCTb, l-1MeBWaH HeCKonbKO sapaaaTOB CHapH>KeHl-1R B cpeAHel1 4aCTl-1 pasveL4anCH TOnnl-1BHbll1 OTceK, sa Hl-1M - aBTOnl-1nOT l-1 Cl-1CTeMbl 3HeprOCHa6>KeHl-1R B XBOCTOBOI1 4aCTl-1 CTOHn ABYXKaMepHbl11 }f(P,Q, pa60TaBwl-111 B AByX pe>Kl-1Max: crapTOBOM, xorna pa3Bl-1BaeTCH MaKCl-1ManbHaH rsra, l-1 KpeI1CepCKOM, C Ml-1Hl-1ManbHbIM pacXOAOM ronnasa. ,QBl-1raTenb pafioran Ha 04eHb arpeCCl-1BHOM ronnase. nOAa4a ropio-rero l-1 OKl-1Cnl-1TenH OCYL4eCTBnHnaCb C nOMOL4blO Typ60HacOCHbiX arperaros (THA).

nHTl-1nOH>KepOHHOe rpeyronsaoe xpuno paxeru C yrnoM CTpenOBl-1AHOCTl-1 no nepeAHel1 KpoMKe 75 rpanycoa Ha6l-1panOCb l-13 Cl-1MMeTpl-14HbIX npocpl-1nel1 OTHOCl-1TenbHOI1 TOnL4l-1HOI1 2%. XBocTOBoe onepeaae coCTOHno l-13 uensaonosoporaux rOpl-130HTanbHblX l-1 eepraxansustx pynea, npl-14eM Hl-1>KHHH nOnOBl-1Ha nocnenuero 6blna CAenasa cKnaAblBalOL4el1CH AnH YA06cTBa B sxcnnyarauaa. OTKnOHeHl-1e pynel1 oCYL4eCTBnHnOCb C nOMOL4blO rl-1ApaBnl-14eCKl-1X npl-1BOAoB.

Paxera nonaeuraaanacs nOA caraonerHOCl-1Tenb Ha 6an04HoM cpI03enH>KHOM nepxarene B nonyyronneuaov nonoxeHl-1l-1.

Cl-1CTeMa noasonana np0l-13BOAl-1Tb nycKl-1 paxer X-22, X-22M/MAlMn B Al-1ana30- He BblCOT OT 10 000 M AO npaxra-recxoro noronxa l-1 npu l-1CTl-1HHbIX CKOPOCTHX noneTa caaonera-aocarena 950-1500 KM/4. Ha cavonerax C Aopa60TaHHol1 CTaHIIl-1el1 «Fll+» nycx paxer X-22H/HAAonycKancH Ha asrcorax 1000-8000 M l-1 l-1CTl-1HHOI1 CKOPOCTl-1 600-900 KM/4, a TaK>Ke Ha sucorax OT 8000 M AO npaKTl-14eCKOro nOTonKa l-1

Ty-22K C 1964 r. nOA PYKOBOACTBOM n.o. Cyxoro paapaoarsraanca cauoner T-4 (l-13Aenl-1e «100») co CKOPOCTblO, arpoe npeBOCXOAHL4el1 3BYKOBYIO, npenaaaaa-raaWl-1I1CH AnH 60Pb6bl C paKeToHOCHbIMl-1 KO-

KPbIJIATMI PAKETA X-22

pa6nHMl-1 l-1 aBl-1alll-10HHbIMl-1 YAapHbIMl-1 rpynnapoakava Ha YAaneHl-1l-1 AO 4000 KM OT aaponpova asinera. MaWl-1Ha 6blna nocrpoeaa l-1 npowna l-1CnbITaHl-1H, HO B cepl-1I1Hoe np0l-13BOACTBO He aanycxanacs.

Pexeme X-22M

CKOPOCTHX 900-1500 KM/4. nYCK acex paKeT nonyccancs ronsxo B npHMOnl-1HeI1HOM nonere (yron rasraxa He 60nee 5 rpanyCOB), 6e3 CKOnb>KeHl-1R

B paaose nYCKa paxerst uens 6panaCb Ha aBTOMaTl-14eCKOe conpoaoxneaae ronOBKaMl-1 caMOHaBeAeHl-1H, l-1 no carsany «paxera rOTOBa» urrypuaa np0l-13BOAl-1n ee OTlIenKY. Ha cavonerax C He Aopa60TaHHOI1 CTaHIIl-1el1 «Fll+» paxersi X-22 l-1 X-22M l-1Menl-1 AanbHOCTb nycxa 310-200 KM C BblCOTbl 10000 M l-1 esuue: paxera X-22H - 350-200 KM. Ha HOCl-1TenHX C Aopa60TaHHOI1 PIlC «Tll-i» AanbHOCTb nycxa AnH X-22H ocranacs npe>KHel1, y X-22MA OHa AOXOAl-1na AO 480 KM npa Ml-1Hl-1ManbHOI1 250 KM.

noneT paser X-22 l-1 X-22M/H C aKTl-1BHOI1 ronoBKOI1 caMOHaBeAeHl-1H «Ilf» ocyL4eCTBnHnCH cneAYIOL4l-1M 06pa30M. npl-1 3aXBaTe uena rCH BblAaBanaCb KOMaHAa Ha AOBOPOT AnH COBMeL4eHl-1H OCl-1 cavonera (paxersi) Ha uens. npl-1 3TOM y nervaxa saropanacs 6enaH naunovka, a Ha npa- 60pe V1KO crpenxa noxaasreana HanpaBneuae nosopora. npl-1 COBMeL4eHl-1l-1 crpen-

Kl-1 C oTMeTKOI1 «0» aaropanacs aenesas navnovxa. Cl-1rHanl-13l-1pYIOL4aH 0 B3HTl-1l-1 uena Ha aBTocOnpOBO>KAeHl-1e. nocne BKnI04eHl-1H urrypvaaov HaMYBa 6aTapel1 paxeru CHl-1ManaCb 6nOKl-1pOBKa C aBTOAanbHoMepa rCH l-1 pasapperapoeanacs rapocconu Cl-1CTeMbl ynpaaneaas no «ypcy. 4epe3 3 C nocne OTlIenKl-1 (npocaaxa - 500-700 M) Ha paxere aanycxarurcs ABl-1- rarena (craproasra l-1 OCHOBHOI1), packnaAblBanCH Hl-1>KHl-111 Kl-1nb l-1 B3BOAl-1nCH B3pblearens 60eBol1 4aCTl-1. OAHoBpeMeHHo BKnlO4anCH nporpaMMHbl11 MeXaHl-13M.

4epe3 11 C paxera nepeaoaanacs B Ha60p BblCOTbl. npl-1 AOCTl-1>KeHl-1l-1 CKOPOCTl-1, cooTBeTcTBYIOL4el1 4l-1Cny Maxa 3,44, YMeHbwancH yron Ha60pa BblCOTbl l-1 BblKnlO4anCH cTapTOBb111 ABl-1raTenb; Ha BbICOre 22 500 M Ha4l-1HanCH ropl-130HTanbHbll1 noner. Korna yron Bl-13l-1pOBaHl-1H Me>KAY OCblO paxerei l-1 HanpaBneHl-1eM Ha uens AOCTl-1ran 30 rpaaycoa, a ynaneuae OT uena - 60 KM, OTKnI04anl-1Cb panaoynpaaneuae no xypcy, xaaan BblCOTbl l-1 OCHOBHOI1 ABl-1raTenb; paxera nl-1Kl-1pOBana Ha uens.

OCIIOHllhH' I eoxre I puuecxue II HeCOH ... e .raum.re paxe I ... \:-22' I

Pa3MaX KPbIJJa, M 3

,lI,JJJ1Ha, M 11,65

Bsrcora, M

B 1l0JJeTe 2,446

co CJJO)l{eHHblM onepenaev 1,81

Ilnourazn, ,lIByX KOHcoJJeH xpuna, M2 4,48

MaKcl1MaJlbHblH ,lII1aMeTP xopnyca, M 0,92

Bee paxersr, KJ':

rrycroii 1180

CHapll)l{eHHOH 5780

«ABHaKOMeKUHSI» N2 1 '2004

19

TEXHnqECKOE OrrHCAHHE

Cauoner Ty-22K npencraanser c06011 cB060AHoHecY~l-111 ABYXABl-1raTenbHbll1 MOHOnnaH co cpenuepacnonoxeuauu KpbInOM. OCHOBHbIMl-1 KOHCTPYKlIl-10HHbIMl-1 MaTepl-1anaMl-1 nnaaepa SlBnSlIOTCSI anIOMl-1- Hl-1eBble cnnaau B-95 l-1 AK-8, crana 30XrCA l-1 27XrCHA, a TaK>Ke MarHl-1eBbll1 cnnas Mn-5-T4.

KPblnO AByxnOH>KepOHHOe, KeCCOHHOIl1 KOHCTPYKlIl-1l-1 C yrnov cTpenOBl-1AHOCTl-1 55 rpanycos no nepeAHel1 KpoMKe (52 rpanyca 8 Ml-1HYT no nl-1Hl-1l-1 CPOKYCOB). COCTOl-1T

l-13 ueurponnaaa, nsyx CpeAHl-1X l-1 AByX OTbeMHblX 4aCTel1. Kpsino, Ha6paHHoe l-13 npocpl-1nel1 OTHOCl-1TenbHOI1 TOn~l-1HOIl1 6%, l-1MeeT KOHl-14ecKYIO KpyTKy C ymou - 4 rpaAyca l-1 nonepe-n-oe V, pasaoe - 2,5 rpanyca. Yron YCTaHOBKl-1 Kpblna 1 rpanyc.

CpeAHSISI 4aCTb xpuna COCTOl-1T l-13 KecCOHa, CbeMHblX HOCKOB, XBOCTOBOI1 4aCTl-1 l-1 AByx~eIleBoro BHYTpeHHero aaxpsrnxa C nOABl-1>KHOIl1 OCblO Bpa~eHl-1S1, nonseuresHOI1 Ha rpex KpOHWTell1HaX K 6anKe XBOCTOBOI1 4aCTl-1 xpsma. 3aKpblnKl-1 npl-1BOASlT-

A3pOOUHaMU'IeCKUU ape6eHb Ha Kpbme Ty-22

Hocoeen cmouKa waccu

20

«ABHaKOMeKUHH» N!! 1 '2004

CSI B Aell1CTBl1e BI1HTOBblMI1 nOAbeMHI1KaMI1 OT ofiuiero TpaHCMI1CCI10HHoro sana. I1Ay~ero OT penyxropa, ycrauosneaxoro Ha CTeHKe 6anKI1. Yron OTKnOHeHI1S1 BHYTpeHHI1X aakpsrnxoa - 35 rpanycos. Ha cpensax 4aCTSIX xpuna xpenarca rosnonst uracca,

OTbeMHaSi 4aCTb «puna COCTOI1T 113 xecCOHa, AByX CbeMHblX HOCKOB, XBOCTOBOI1 4aCTI111 KOHlIeBblX otirexarenea. 3aKpblnOK npl1BOAI1TCSI B Ael1CTBl1e BI1HTOBblM MexaHI13MOM. Ha 3aAHel1 KpOMKe KOHCOnel1 HaBeWI1BalOTCSI anepoau 11 BHyTpeHHl1e 3aKpblnKI1 (OT 14-11 AO 20-11 HepBlOpbl).

Keccoa «puna, 06pa30BaHHblll1 nOH>KepOHaMI1 11 naHenSlMl1, SlBnSleTCSI OCHOBHOI1 Cl1nOBOI1 4aCTbIO xpsma. B KeCCOHe pacnonoxess, OTCeKI1 TOnnl1BHblX 6aKoB.

<l>103enSl>K - nonYMoHoKOK lIenbHOMeTannl-14eCK0I1 KOHCTPYKlIl111 C rnaAKoll1 Hecy~el1 06WI1BK0ll1, nonxpenneauoa Ha60- POM wnaHrOYTOB 11 CTpl1HrepOB 113 rHYTblX 11 npeCCOBaHHblX npocpl1nel1. Texsonora- 4eCKI1 cplO3enSl>K Aenl1TCSI Ha nSlTb OTceKOB. B orcexe <1>-1 nOA paAI10np03pa4HbiM 06- rexarenev pacnonoxeua pnc. B <1>-2 HaXOASlTCSI repMoKa611Hbi 3Kl1na>Ka C opraaaMI1 ynpaeneaaa, pa3nl14Hbie npl160pbl 11 060pYAoBaHl1e. BXOA B Ka611Hbi ocyuiecrsIlSleTCSI -iepea HI1>KHl1e nlOKl1, KpblWKI1 KOTOPblX MOryT ctipacsrearscs 4neHaMI1 3KI1- naxa npa aBapl1l11HOM nOKI1AaHl111 cajaonera. V1MeIOTcSI l-1 sepxaae aBapl1l11Hble nlOKl1, I1cnonb3yeMbie B cny-iae nocanxn cauoneTa Ha cpI03enSl>K. B orcexe <1>-3 HaXOASlTCSI HI1Wa y60pKI1 nepeAHel1 onopu waCCI1, a TaK>Ke ronnasasre 6aKI1 NQ 1 11 NQ 2, CPOTOannaparsr, cnacarensaaa nOAKa 11 npo-ree 060pYAoBaHl1e. B cpeAHell1 4aCTI1, <1>-4, BblnOnHeHHOI1 aa OAHO uenoe C ueurponnaHOM «puna, paaveuie« rpY30Bol1 (60M- 60Bblll1) OTceK. HaA uearponnaaov pacnonO>KeH TOnnl1BHb111 6aK NQ 3, a BHyTPI1 ero - 6aK NQ 4. 3aKaH411BaeTcSI cplO3enSl>K XBOCTOB0l14aCTblO, <1>-5, K KOTOPOI1 «pensrCSI onepeuue III canosas YCTaHOBKa. TaM HaXOASlTCSI XBOCTOBaSi nsrxa, KOHTell1Hep TOPM03HbiX napaWIOTOB, KopMOBaSi aprnnnepl1l1CKaSi YCTaHOBKa, ronnaeasre 6aKlil NQ 5,6, 7 11 HeKoTopoe 060pYAoBaHl1e.

Xeocrosoe onepeuae COCTOI1T 1113 Kl1nSl (yron CTpenOBIilAHOCTI1 56 rpanycos) C pyneM nosopora (yrnbl OTKnOHeHI1S1 OT +25 AO -25 rpanycos), I1MelO~I1M 28-npolleHTHylO a3poAI1HaMI14ecKYlO oceBYIO KOMneHcauaio, I1l1enbHOnoBopoTHoro ropaso-rransaoro OnepeHI1S1 (cTa6I1nI13aTopa) C yrnaMI1 OTKnOHeHI1S1 OT +1 AO -18 rpanycos. CTa- 611nl13aTOp BblnOnHeH 1113 AByX nOnOBl-1H C yrnaMI1 nonepe-o-oro V, paBHblMI1 5 rpaAycaM. Yron cTpenOBI1AHOCTI1 COCTaBnSleT 58 rpanycoa 41 MI1H.

Mororoanonu I1MelOT ABe oc06eHHOCTill. npe>KAe acero AnSI 06ecne4eHI1S1 pa- 60Tocnoc06HoCTI1 TP,Q Ha 3eMne 11 B3neTHo-nocaA04HblX pe>KI1MaX 06e4a11Kl-1 AI1CPcpy30pa B03Ayx03a60pHbiX YCTPOI1CTB (AnI1HOI1 300 MM) BblnonHeHbl nOABI1>KHblMI1. OHI1 Bbl,z::lBl1ralOTCSI snepen Ha 88 MM,

06eCneY~Ba51 Heo6xo,D,~MbIYi paCXO,D, B03,D,Yxa ,D,n51 TP,Q. Ynpaaneaae 06eyaYlKaM~ OCYLlIeCTBn51eTC51 neTY~KOM C novoun-o TYM- 6nepa, pacnonoxesuoro Ha LlI~TKe sanycxa ,D,B~raTeneYi. nOcne y60pK~ uraccn o6eyaYlK~ aBTOMaT~yeCK~ 3a,D,B~raIOTC51, npn 3TOM nonoxeaae TYM6nepa OCTaeTC51 He~3MeHHbIM. 3T~ 06eyaYlK~ ~n~, KaK ~X euie Ha3b1Ba1OT, Bbl,D,B~>KHble HOCK~, otiorpeeaIOTC51 rOp51Y~M B03,D,YXOM, OT6~paeMblM OT KOMnpeCCOpOB ,D,B~raTeneYl, ,D,n51 npe,D,OTBpauieaas ~X 06ne,D,eHeH~51.

lllacca COCTO~T ~3 nepe,D,HeYi ~ ,D,BYX maaaux onop. nepe,D,H5151 - C ,D,BYM51 TOpM03HbIM~ KOneCaM~, ocaauieaa aMOpT~3alI~OHHOYI CTOYIKOYl, nOBOpOTHO-,D,eMncjJ~pyIOLlI~M YCTPOYlCTBOM ~ MeXaH~3MOM cxna,D,bIBaH~51. nOcne orpsrsa OT 3eMll~, KOr,D,a nepe,D,H5151 CTOYlKa nOllHOCTblO paaaearaerC51, cpatiarstsaer KOHlIeBOYI Bbl Kll lOY aren b, YCTaHOBlleHHblYi Ha uinau-urapaape, BblKnlOyalOLlI~YI YCTPOYlCTBO pa3BOpOTa nepe,D,H~X xonec, xoropere npa 3TOM 3aTOpMa>K~BaIOTC51. flocne y60pK~ HOCOBOYI onopsi ~ ee cjJ~KCall~~ 3aMKOM cjJI03ell51>KHa51 H~Wa uiacca 3aKpblBaeTC51 CTBOpKaM~. Yroll nOBOpOTa nepenuax xonec npn pyneH~~ - 40 rpaaycos B o6e CTOPOHbl, a npa paatiere -,D,O 5 rpanycos.

rllaBHble onopsi, y6~paIOLlI~eC51 B KpblllbeBble roanonsr, ~MeIOT auoprasarop, TelleCKOn~yeCK~YI nO,D,KOC C lIaHrOBblM 3aMKOM, ynpyr~YI r~,D,paBn~yeCK~YI nO,D,beMH~K, Tene>KKY C yeTblpbM51 TOpM03HbIM~ KOllecaM~, cTa6~ll~3~pyIOLlI~YI aMopT~3aTop, MexaH~3M OnpOK~,D,bIBaH~51 renexxa, KPOHWTeYlH KpenlleH~51 ynpyroro nO,D,beMH~Ka K avoprasaropy CTOYlK~ 11 MeXaHI13M OTKPblT~51-3aKPbITI151 CTBOpOK. «Vl3IOM~HKOYl» ocHOBHOYI onopu 5lBll51eTC51 YCTPOYlCTBO ynpyroYi nO,D,BeCKI1 uiacca B y6paHHoM nono>KeHI1I1. CYTb ero 3aKnlOyaeTC51 B TOM, YTO BHYTPI1 rl1,D,paBlll1yeCKoro nO,D,beMH~Ka ycTaHOBlleHO aocevs rapens-iarerx npy>KI1H, YTO 06eCneYI1BaeT HeKOTopoe KOlle6aHI1e CTOYlKI1 uracca BHyTp~ roH,D,Ollbl.

XBOCTOBa51 onopa (n51Ta) C MaCll51HOB03,D,YWHbIM aMOpTI13aTOpOM npenuaasayeHa ,D,ll51 npe,D,OXpaHeH~51 3a,D,HeYi yaCTI1 cjJI03en51>Ka OT B03MO>KHbIX yaapos npa noCa,D,Ke. Ee BblnYCK ~ yfiopxa C6llOKl1pOBaHbl C BblnYCKOM 11 y60pKOYl nepe,D,HeYi onopbl 11 OCYLlleCTBll51IOTC51 anexrpouexana-iecKI1M np~BO,D,OM.

B KOHCTPYKlIl111 uiacca I1MeIOTC51 CI1CTeMbl OCHOBHOro 11 aBapl1Y1Horo TOpMO>KeH~R. OCHOBHoe TOpMO>KeHl1e xonec rnaausrx onop np0I13BO,D,I1TC51 nYTeM Ha>KaTI151 neaalleYi ynpaaneaas pyneu nosopora, a asap~YlHOe - PblyaraM~, paCnOllO>KeHHbIM~ Ha npl160pHOYI ,D,OCKe neTYI1Ka npasee urrypBaIlbHOYI KOllOHK~. VlMeeTC51 TaK>Ke CT051HOYHblYi TOpM03 . .Qn51 COKpaLlleH~51 npo6era npaMeH51eTC51 ,D,BYXKynollbHblYi TOPM03HOYI napaWIOT C nnouransio Ka>K,D,oro xynona 52 M2. KOHTeYlHep TOPM03HOro napaunora pacnonoxea Me>K,D,y 81-M ~ 84-M umauroyravn. Kaonsa ero asmycxa - Ha urrypeane, a c6poca - Ha npl160pHOYI ,D,OCKe.

Ha caraonere np~MeHeHbl TP~ He3aBI1- CI1Mble rl1,D,paBlll1yeCKl1e CI1CTeMbl C >K~,D,-

nOo KPblnOM Ty-22n,l1 suoeH asapuuHblU myptioeepeeem

KOCTblO AMr-10. ,QBe nepasre C~CTeMbl CYI1- TaIOTC51 OCHOBHblMI1 11 I1cnollb3YIOTC51 ,D,Il51 sunycsa 11 y60pKI1 uiacca, OTKpbITI151 11 saKpblTI151 CTBOPOK 6oM6onlOKa, npasona pyns BbICOTbl, cTa611nl13aTOpa ~ anepoaos: rpeTb51 - aBap~YlHa51, npe,D,Ha3HaYeHa ,D,ll51 ynpasneaaa pYlleBblM npI1BO,D,OM crafianasaropa pn-21 11 ssmycsa uraccn B asapaaHblX caryauasx.

Bucoruoe o60pY,D,OBaHl1e ekruo-raer CI1- CTeMbl KOH,D,l1l1I10H~pOBaHI151 Ka611Hbi 3KI1- naxa, oborpeaa rpyaosoro orcexa 11 repMeTI13alll111 BXO,D,HbIX llIOKOB.

Ynpaeneaae cavonerora ocyuiecranseTC51 3llepOHaMI1, pyll51M~ BblCOTbl 11 nOBOpora C nOMOLllblO rl1,D,paBlll1yeCKI1X pyneaux np~BO,D,OB (r~,D,pOyCl1llI1TelleYl), BKllIOYeHHblX no He06paT~MOYI cxeve. ,Qn51 ~MI1Ta-

lIl1l1 HarpY30K Ha urrypsan 11 nenana, no KOTOPblM lleTY~K Cy,D,I1T 06 ynpaansevocTill 11 HapyweHl111 6allaHCI1pOBKI1 MaWI1Hbl, B CI1CTeMe ynpaaneaas ycrauoeneuu npy>KI1HHble aarpyxarena C MeXaHI13MaMI1 TPI1MM~pOBaHI151, n03BOll51IOLlI~MI1 6allaHCl1pOBaTb cauoner B ,D,l1ana30He sxcnnyarauaouaux CKOpOCTeYi.

Ynpaaneuae MaW~HOYI I1MeeT p51,D, OCO- 6eHHocTeYi. 06 ynpasneaaa B xaaane xpeHa C novouuoo anepos-aaxpsmxoe Y>Ke roaopan OCb.

PYllb nosopora Ha ,D,03BYKOBbIX CKOPOCT51X nOll eTa OTKllOH51eTC51 Ha ,D,OBOllbHO 60nbwoYl yron B 06e CTOPOHbl, HO Ha BbtCOKI1X CKOPOCT51X ,D,OnycKaeTC51 ero OTKnOHeH~e He 60nee yeM Ha 5 rpanycos (aa MaWI1HaX C 35-YI cepl1l1 - He 60llee 7 rpa-

xeocmoee« nRma s sbmyw,eHHoM nOnOJKeHUU

«ABl1aKOMeKUI1S1» NQ 1 '2004

21

,QYCOB) ltI3-3a 4pe3MepHoro Kpyn:lll-lero MOMeHTa Ha cplO3eml>Ke OT sepraxansaoro onepeaas. 60nee roro, ocesaa aapoaaaaMltI4eCKaR KOMneHCallltlR Ha CKOPOCTRX, COOTBeTCTBYlOll-IltIX 4lt1CnaM Maxa 0,92- 0,98, npaeonar K noaane-uno «MaXOBOIii CKOPOCTHOIiI» TPRCKltI pyns. 3TO CBR3aHO C 06pa30BaHltIeM Ha BepTltIKanbHOM onepeHltIltI HeCTallltlOHapHblx cBepx3BYKOBbiX 30H C MeCTHblMltI CKa4KaMltI ynnoruenas. no Mepe YBenltl4eHltIR 4lt1Cna Maxa CKa4KltI CMell-IalOTCR B CTOPOHY pyns, HO HepaBHoMepHO, ltI B03HltIKalOll-IltIlii npa 3TOM nepenaa ,QaBneHltIR Ha nesoa ltI npasoa croposax onepeuas (B 30He ocesoa KOMneHCallltlltl) ltI3-3a ynpyroji ,QecpopMallltlltl pyns npaso,QltIT K OTKnOHeHltIlO nocnensero B Ty ltInltl ltIHylO CTOpOHy. V1HTeHCltIBHOCTb «CKOPOCTHoliI» TPRCKltI pe3KO B03paCTaeT npa YMeHbWeHltIltI BblCOTbl nonera.

,QnR npeaorspauteaas 3TOro RBneHltIR KaK Ha pyne noaopora, TaK ltI Ha enepouax ltIMelOTCR ,QeMncpepbl cyxoro TpeHltIR. 4TO- 6bl ltI36e>KaTb «CKOPOCTHOIiI» TPRCKltI, pexoMeH,QyeTcR ocyutecransrs noner B ,QltIana- 30He 4lt1Cen Maxa 0,92-0,98 npa HeIilTpanbHoM nOnO>KeHltIltI pynR HanpaBneHltIR 6e3 CKOnb>KeHltIR ltI Ha ssrcorax 6000 M ltI 6011ee. npltl pasroue ,QO cBepx3BYKOBbiX cxopocrea ltI TOpMO>KeHltIltI noner ,Qon>KeH 6blTb ronsxo npRMOnltlHelilHbiM. neT4lt1KY He06xo,QltIMO nOMHltITb, 4TO pyns HanpaBneHltIR Ha cavonere 04eHb 3cpcpeKTltIBeH, ltI n03TOMY Ha nocanoxaoa npRMolii >Kenarensso ltI36eraTb ero OTKnOHeHltIR, ltI ,QOBOPOTbl esmonaars ronsxo C nOMOll-lblO anepOHOB.

npO,QonbHoe ynpaaneuae C nOMOll-lblO uensaonoaoporsoro ropaao-rransuoro onepeHltIR ('-InrO) orna-raercs BblCOKOIii 3CPcpeKTltIBHOCTblO Ha ,Q03BYKOBbIX CKOpOCTRX. 3TO rpebyer OT ner-iaxa KOPOTKltIX ltI 04eHb T04HbiX ,QBltI>KeHltIlii WTypBanOM. TaK KaK CltInOBaR YCTaHOBKa pacnonoxeaa ssuue ueurpa TR>KeCTltI cavonera Ha 2 M, TO ,Qa>Ke npu He3Ha4lt1TenbHOM ltI3MeHeHltIltI pa60Tbi ,QBltIraTenelii npaxoaarca 3aHOBO 6anaHCltIpoears MawltlHy. BblKnlO4eHltIe cpopCa>KHOro pe>KltIMa nsararenea, oc06eHHO nocne eanera, He06xo,QltIMO npoaaeonars n004epe,QHO, B npOTltIBHOM cny-iae fianaacapoaKa ycnO>KHReTCR. Henonycraaa ltI peaxas

06meKamenb cmaHL4UU nocmaH06KU aKmU6HblX nossex «CupeHb»

y60pKa PY,Q (pbl4aroB ynpaaneaaa ,QBltIraTenRMltI), nOCKonbKY nocnenyioutee ysena- 4eHltIe yrna raarasca, B cny-rae OWltl6KltI B nanorapoeaaaa, MO>KeT npasecra K Henpe,QHaMepeHHOMY nORBneHltIlO CnltlWKOM 60nbwolil neperpyasa.

,QnR y,Q06cTBa nanoraposaaaa Ha 60nbuiax ltI ManblX CKOPOCTRX nonera ltIcnonb3YeTCR ,QltIcpcpepeHlIltIanbHoe ynpasneaae CTa- 6lt1nltl3aTopOM. TaK, Ha 60nbwltlx CKOPOCTRX, Kor,Qa ,QocTaT04Ho OTKnOHeHltIR '-Inro B ,QltIanaaoae OT +1 ,QO -4 rpaaycoe, nepeveuieHltIe urrypaansaoa KOnOHKltI HaXO,QltITCR B npenenax 40 MM, a Ha ManblX CKOPOCTRX, xorna yrnu OTKnOHeHltIR onepeuas ltI3MeHRIOTCR OT - 7 ,QO - 19 rpaaycoa, XO,Q KOnOHKltI He npesuuraer 10 MM.

,QnR napapoeaaas xoporxonepaozne-ecKltIX Kone6aHltIlii B xasane rauraxa cnyxar ,QeMncpep ,QT-105a ltI aBTOMaT YCTOIiI4lt1BOCTltI AY-105a.

B COCTaB cpencrs aeapaaaoro cnaceHltIR BXO,QRT KaTanynbTHble xpecna, Bb16- pacueaevsre BHltI3 ltI ocaauieaaue CltICTe-

Molil >KltI3He06ecne4eHltIR ltI HenpltlKaCaeMblM aBapltllilHblM 3anaCOM. Kpecna oeecne4lt1Banltl aBapltllilHOe nOKltI,QaHltIe cavonera BO scev ,QltIana30He cxopocrea nonera, HO Ha BblCOTe He HltI>Ke 350 M. npltl nocanxe B cauoner xpecna onycxanacs BHltI3. 4neHbi 3KltIna>Ka ycasoraanncs B HltIX, ltI MeXaHltI3M nO,QHltIMan ltIX HaBepx, B Ka- 6lt1HY·

Cneayer CKa3aTb HeCKonbKO enos 0 TonnltlBHolii CltICTeMe. He xacascs xona-recrea ronnaeusrx 6aKoB (Ha scex CaMOneTaX, ocHall-leHHblX ycrpoacraava nosanpaaka roplO4lt1M B nonere, 6bln CHRT nepe,QHltIlii 6aK NQ 1 ), HaCOCOB, pa3nltl4HbiX xnanaaoa ltI xpaHOB, OTMe4Y, 4TO ssipationca ronnasa ,QBltIraTenRMltI npoacxonana no cneuaansuoa nporpaave, npa 3TOM 06eCne4lt1BanOCb aaTOMaTltI4eCKOe ltI3MepeHltIe ero OCTaTKa ltI pacxoaa C COOTBeTCTBYlOll-Ielii CltIrHanltl3allltlelil. 3Ta CltICTeMa ooecne-meana ue-rrpana- 30BaHHYlO aanpasxy Ha 3eMne ltI noaanpasKy ronnaaov B nonere, a TaK>Ke He06xo,QltIMylO lIeHTpoBKY MaWltlHbl B nonere.

3KCllJIYATAIJ;IDI H IiOEBOE llPHMEHEHHE

B 1962 r. castoner euie He npowen nonHOCTblO ltIcnblTaHltIliI, He 6blJ1 npltlHRT Ha BOopyxesae, a Ty-22 Y>Ke KOMnneKTOBanltlCb 4aCTltI ,QanbHelii aBltIallltlltl. C,QaB OK6-156 BoceMb MaWltlH nepsux rpex cepltllil, xonnesras 3aBO,Qa N2 22 C 3-1i1 cepaa npacrynan K nocrpoaxe pa3Be,Q4lt1KOB-60M6ap,QltIPOBll-IltIKOB Ty-22P ,QJ1R BBC.

4T06bl Ha4aTb excnnyaraumo Ty-22, nOTpe60Banocb peKoHcTpyltlpoBaTb pR,Q aaponpovoe ,QO YPOBHR nepsoro xnacca C ,QnltlHolii nonocsi He MeHbwe 3000 M. nepBble Ty-22 , BltI,QltIMO, nocrynana B '-IeHTp 60eBoro npltlMeHeHltIR ltI nepeY4lt1BaHltIR neraoro COCTaBa (Ll6n ltI nnC) ,QanbHelii aBltIallltlltl B ,QRrltlneBO (non PR3aHblO), a

22

"ABHaKOMeKUHH» NQ 1 '2004

3aTeM B 121-1i1 rBap,QelilcKltIlii nonx B Ma4Ynauiax (MltIHCK), 203-1i1 rBap,QelilcKltIlii nonx, ,QltIcnOllltlpOBaBWltllilcR B 6apaHOBltI4aX (KOMaH,QltIp A. raMana) ltI B 341-1i1 non« B OsepHOM ()f(ltITOMltIp). Bce rpa nonxa BXO,QltInltl B 15-10 aBltIa,QltIBltI3lt1lO.

OCBOeHltIe Ty-22, KaK BCnOMltIHan O. AHOXltIH, wno ,QOBonbHO TR>KenO ltI Hepe,QKo cOnpOBO>K,QanOCb BblCOKOIii aBapltllilHOCTblO ltI BblRBneHltIeM pa3nltl4HbiX He>KenaTenbHblX 3cpcpeKToB. 60nbwaR CKOPOCTb, cnoxHOCTb sanera ltI nocaasa, OrpaHltI4eHHOCTb 0630pa ltI3 Ka6lt1H 6blJ1lt1 BeCbMa HenpltlBbl4- Hbl ,QJ1R 3KltIna>Kelii. TaK, npa nonerax Ha,Q nonarouov co cBepx3BYKOBOlii CKOPOCTblO Ha ssrcorax MeHee 4000 M 06HapY>KltInOCb,

4TO y,QapHolii BonHolii paspyuiaer ,Qa>Ke KltIPnltl4HylO Kna,QKY. 3aTO cosepureaao cnY4alilHO BbIRCHltInOCb, 4TO cavoner, KOTOPbl1il «areropa-recxa sanpeuianocs excnnyaruposars C B3neTHo-noca,Q04HbIX nonce 6e3 ltICKyccTBeHHoro nospsrraa, ace >Ke MO>KeT cosepurare nocanxy Ha rpyar, npOltl30WnO 3TO Ha asponpoue Hosotienaue nozi rOMenev. B KpltlTltI4eCKOlii caryauaa MaWltlHa 6narononY4Ho cena, He nony-iaa nospex,QeHltIlii.

KTO-TO HeB3nlO6lt1n 3TOT cavoner, a ,QnR KOro-TO Ty-22 6bln «,QOMOM PO,QHbIM». Ho ltI 3,QeCb MHeHltIR paCXO,QRTCR. O,QHltIX B HeM npasnexana OTnltl4Hbie nanoraxueie xapaKTepltlCTltIKltI, a ,Qpyrltlx - 200-nltlTpOBbllii

6aYOK co Cnl1pTO-BOAHHO(;1 CMeCblO, I1MeHOaasureaca B HapOAe «wnara».

no 06pa3HOMY Bblpa}f(eHI1IO 3acnY}f(eHHOro neTYI1Ka-I1CnbITaTenH CCCP B.V1. lIyaapesa. Ka611Hbi neTYI1Ka 11 urrypvaaa «HanOMI1Hanl1 auaepayroro HaI13HaHKY, I1ronKaMI1 BOBHYTPb, exa» 113-3a 6eCYI1CneHHoro MHO}f(eCTBa TOpyaLllI1X TYM6nepOB 11 KHonOK. «Ha aanere, - paccxaasraan BaneHTI1H V1BaHOBI1Y, - MaWI1Ha Bena ce6H KaK I1cTpe6l1Tenb, nOCKonbKY nocne orpsrea BepTI1KanbHaH CKOPOCTb npa HopManbHOM noneTHOM sece AOXOAl1na AO 50 ulc, a B PYKax -ryacrsoaanacs cnna. Ha nocan«e }f(e ace BpeMH npl1XOAl1nOCb npI1Aep}f(l1- sars urrypsan 113-3a nononaarensaoro naKI1PYIOLlIero MOMeHTa OT ABl1raTene(;1». Cepbe3HbiM Ae¢eKToM cavonera, BbIHBI1BweMCH B XOAe excnnyarauaa, cran 06pblB TpOCOB YCTpo(;1cTBa nOAbeMa kpecen 3KI1- naxa. no 3T0(;1 npl1YHHe 6blnl1 HepeAKI1 cnysaa BblnaAeHI1H kpecen Ha CTOHHKe BMeCTe C nlOAbMI1. V1HorAa OHI1 KOHyanl1Cb cepbe3HblMI1 TpaBMaMI1 n03BOHOYHI1Ka.

B excnnyarauaa Ty-22, KaK 11 BCHKI1(;1 cavoner, I1Men HeMano OrpaHl1yeHI1(;1. Hanpl1Mep, MaKCI1ManbHbl(;1 yron xpeua He AOn}f(eH 6bln npeasuuars 50 rpanycos, a BepTI1KanbHaH CKOPOCTb, KaK npa Ha60pe, TaK 11 CHI1}f(eHI1I1 - He 60nee 100 ulc. 3KCnnyaTalll10HHaH neperpY3Ka OrpaHI1YI1Banacs AByMH eAI1HHlIaMI1, HO npH BblBOAe 113 rny60Ko(;1 cnapann paapeuianocs AOBOAI1Tb ee AO 2,5 g. MI1HI1ManbHaH CKOPOCTb y 3eMnl1 npa aece 92 T 6blna orpaua-reaa 430 KM/y, a MaKCI1ManbHblLii CKOPOCTHOLii Hanop - 5000 Kr/M2. V1Menl1Cb orpaua-reHI1H 11 no ynpaane-uno C nOMOLllblO anepoHOB-3aKpbInKOB 11 3nepOHaMI1. Bo BCHKOM cny-rae, nepexruoxeaae C anepoaos-aaKPblnKOB Ha anepoasi 11 06paTHo nponcxoAl1no npa CKOPOCTI1 600 KM/y, HO CKOPOCTb He AOn}f(Ha 6blna npesocxoznrn, 3HayeHl1e, COOTBeTCTBYIOLlIee Yl1cny Maxa 0,9 Ha scex BbICOTax. npl1 nonere co CKOPOCTblO, npeBblwaBweLii M=1,4, He peKOMeH,qOBanOCb OTKnOHHTb pyns noaopora 113-3a B03HI1KaBweLii 06paTHoLii peaKlIl111 no KpeHy. MaKCI1- ManbHaH B3neTHaH Macca C YCKopI1TenHMI1 nonycxanacs AO 94 T, a nocne noaanpaBKI1 OrpaHI1YHBanaCb 93,5 T.

Bcnen aa TpeMH nOnKaMI1 15-(;1 ,qI1B1131111 OCBal1BaTb Ty-22P cran oT,qenbHblLii paase,qblBaTenbHblLii asaanon« B 3H6poBKe (TaK}f(e B paaoae rOMenH). Iloxoxe, aananaoe HanpaBneHl1e CYHTanOCb caMblM onaCHblM ,qnH CCCP, 11 I1MeHHO Ha 3TI1X py6e}f(ax 6blnl1 cocpenoro-reau nOYTI1 ace Ty-22. B 1962 r. 3aBO,q NQ 22 sunycran nocnenaae naa 60M6ap,ql1pOBLlII1Ka 11 nonaocrsjo nepewen Ha BblnYCK Ty-22P. K KOHIIY rona 3aKa3YI1K nony-uin B nononueaae K nHTI1 MaWI1HaM npownoro rona asmycxa euie 30 pa3Be,qYI1KOB, a np0I13Bo,qCTBO see HapaLlII1BanOCb. CooTBeTcTBeHHo, HMH crana soopyxars HOBbie BOI1HCKl1e yaCTI1. 3TI1 MaWI1Hbl cran OCBal1BaTb nl1YHblLii COCTaB ornensaoro rsapneacxoro nansaero paaBe,qblBaTenbHoro nonxa aBl1alll111 BM<l>, ,ql1cnOlll1pOBaBwerocH Ha a3pOAPOMe 4KanOBCK B Kanl1HI1HrpaAcKo(;1 06naCTI1. nOC-

Ty-22np, s ijeHmpe 6oesoeo npUMeHeHUR U nepeY'IUSaHUR nemnoeo cocmasa p,anbHeu asuaquu, a3poopoM p,Reuneso

ne,qHl1e Cepl1Li1Hble pa3BeAYI1KI1 nocrynana B 199-LiI OT,qenbHbiLii rBap,qeLilcKI1(;1 ,qanbHI1Li1 pa3Be,qblBaTenbHblLii non« B He}f(I1He 11 aaaancnx BBC 4epHOMopCKoro ¢nOTa B Caxax (KpbIM).

B cepenase 1960-x rr. BHe,qpl1nl1 lIeHTpanl130BaHHYlO aanpasky cavoneroa TonnI1BOM, 3HaYI1TenbHO ynpocraeuiyio npouenypy nonrorossa K nOBTopHOMY asutery

Bo aropoa nOnOBI1He 1960-x ronos B crpoeasre yaCTI1 Hayanl1 npl16blBaTb cavonersr, 060py,qOBaHHble CI1CTeMo(;1 noaanpaBKI1 B B03,Qyxe. napannenbHO aaanora-rHblM 06pa30M nopatiarsreana Y}f(e I1MelOLlIYIOCH TexHI1Ky. neTHblLii COCTaB Hayan OCeaasars noaanpasxy flpouecc npoucxonan cne,qylOLlII1M 06pa30M. Ty-22, neTHLlIHLiI Ha Bbl-

COTe 5000--8000 M co CKOPOCTblO 600 KM/y, npacrpaasancs cnpaaa C3a,q11 B 50 M OT raaxepa Ty-16. 3aTeM OH OTCTaBan, 11, «orna ,qI1CTaHIII1H Me}f(,Qy caMOneTaMI1 YBenl1YI1Banacb,qo 150 M, neTYI1K HaYHHan npauenaaaaae aa 3anpaBOYHbiLii KOHYC. Crpewsce ny-uue BblnOnHI1Tb MaHeBp, OH yaCTO Henp0l13BOnbHo YBenl1YI1Ban THry ,qBl1raTeneLii 11 CKOPOCTb C6nl1}f(eHI1H. nocne,qHl1e 8-10 M cauoner neren 6YKBanbHO «aa HepBax» nanora, nepen rnaaasm KOToporo CTpeMI1TenbHO pa3pacTanocb TeMHoe nHTHO «oayca, Ecnl1 eMY He XBarano BHI1MaHI1H 11 BbIAep}f(KI1, KOHTaKT He y,qaBanCH, 11 cauoner npOCKaKI1Ban snepen. 4T06bl He CTOnKHYTbCH C TaHKepOM, npaxonanocs 3Heprl1YHO yXO,qI1Tb anpaso-

Ty-22 c6nUJI(aemCR

C caMonemoM-3anpaSLqUKOM

«ABHaKOMeKUHH» NQ 1 '2004

23

ttooeomoes« K Bbtnemy paKemOHOCL(a Ty-22K. Xopowo BUOHbl onyuceHHble BHU3 KpeCna 3KUnaJKa. A3POOPOM 6apaHOBU'IU

BHlit3. 3aTeM BCe noaropsnocs caa-rana. HeOnblTHblM neT~litKaM He xsarano ,Qa>Ke 400-450 KM MapwpYTa, ~T06bl BblnOnHlitTb ,Q03anpaBKY, a HeKOTopble He cnpaananacs C 3TO~ 3a,Qa~e~ Bo06111e.

B litlOne 1970 r. lit3-3a HecornaCOBaHHblX ,Qe~CTBlit~ KOMaH,Qlitpa paxeroaocua lit oneparopa rauxepa otipaaoaancs xnucr umasra, BbI3BaHHbl~ na,QeHliteM ,QaBneHlitfl B HeM xepocasa. Tonnaso crano aanasars crexna Ka6litHbi nunora Ty-22K. nlitnOT npaKTlit~eCKlit «ocnen». B litTOre paKeTOHOcell ssuuen aa rpaauuy ,QonYCTlitMO~ 30Hbl MaHeBplitpOBaHlitfl lit nonan B BlitXpeBO~ >Kry-T, CXO,QlitBWlit~ C xpsrna rauxepa. 1I13-3a 06pblBa umasra rop-o-ree nonano B npaBbl~ ,QBlitraTenb Ty-22K, Bbl3BaB ero nOMna>K C nocnenoeaeuiaua BblKnIO~eHliteM lit B3pbIBOM.

B 1970-e rr. B He>KlitHCKOM nonxy non PYKOBO,QCTBOM B.n. KOHCTaHTlitHOBa paapa- 60Tanlit 60nee 3cj:>cj:>eKTlitBHYIO MeTO,QlitKY noaanpaaxa. 1113 npasoro nenesra aanpasnfleMbl~ cavoner nepexoaan B CTPO~ Klitnbsarepa TaK, ~T06bl ero HOC 3aHlitMan MecTO Pfl,QOM C KOHYCOM npasee nplitMepHO Ha 5 M. neT~litK BblpaBHlitBan CKOPOCTb lit noCTeneHHO YMeHbwan 60KoBoe paccrosuae ,QO 1,5-2 M. 3acj:>litKClitpOBaB 3TO nonoxeHlite, OH co06111an KOMaH,Qlitpy aanpasuiaxa: «1I1,QY Ha KOHTaKT!»

YBenlit~litB 060pOTbi ,QBlitraTene~, nanor aanpaanaeworo Ty-22 nepeaonan MaWlitHY B nerxoe npasoe CKOnb>KeHlite lit oxaasrsancs npflMo nepen KOHYCOM. Ilocne «Bblcrpena» urraaru Ha~litHanCfl nepenas Tonnaaa. OC06blM «WlitKOM» c-urranocs oCYurecrsneaae KOHTaKTa C KOHYCOM 6e3 Bbl,QBlit>KeHlitfl urraara, litCnOnb3Yfl ronsxo PY,Q.

PaKeTOHOClIbl Ty-22K axcnnyaraposanacs B 121-M nonxy B Ma~ynlitl1lax, pauee pa3Be,QbIBaTenbHOM, 203-M nonxy B 6apaHOBlit~aX 101 341-M nonsy B 03epHoM (oxono

)I{litTOMlo1pa). napa Ty-22nA B noneme

B KOHlIe 1967 r. B 121-~ rBap,Qe~CKlit~ oT,QenbHbl~ pa3Be,QbIBaTenbHbl~ nonx ,QanbHe~ aBlitalllitlo1 6bln HanpaBneH ,QIlfl npoaon>KeHlitfl cnY>K6bl neT~litK r.A. KnenlitKOBCKlit~. B Te~eHlite necsra ner, npemuecrsoaaauiax 3TOMY Ha3Ha~eHlitlO, reHHa,Qlit~ AH,QpeeBlit~ 6blll caa-iana BTOPblM neT~litKOM, a 3aTeM KOMaH,QlitpOM Kopa6nfl Ty-16. Ero nepev-u+ BaHlite aa Ty-22P npoxonano caa-iana Ha 3aBO,Qax B Pbl6101HCKe lit Ka3aHlit, rne nenana ,QBlitraTenlit lit CaMlit cavoneru. C flHBapfl 1968 r. KnenlitKOBCKlit~ npacrynan K noneTaM Ha Ty-22P, a B anpene-raae non« nepeaoopysoina Ha Ty-22K lit Ty-22n. C 1968 r. no 1969 r. reHHa,Qlit~ AH,QpeeBlit~ neran B Ka~eCTBe KOMaH,Qlo1pa Ty-22n. B 1970 r. ero Ha3Ha~litnlo1 Ha ,Qon>KHOCTb aavecrarena KO-

MaH,Qlitpa 3cKa,Qplitnblit no nonarvacra, lit OH neran Ha Ty-22K ,QO 1980 r.

«Moa BOCnOMlitHaHlo1fl, - paccKa3blBan reHHa,Qlit~ AH,QpeeBlit~, - cyryoo cy6beK-

TlitBHbl, nocxonsxy aa ace apevs neTHO~ pa- 60Tbl y MeHfl He 6blll0 Hlit O,QHOro OTKa3a aBlitaTeXHlitKlit, xoropue MOrnlit 6bl KaK-TO nOBnlitflTb Ha pesynsraru nonera, nOBe3- no, KOHe~HO! 6bllllit onacuere, ,Qa>Ke o~eHb onacaue MOMeHTbl, HO He no BlitHe rexuaKlit, a, KaK rOBOplitTCfl, - ~enOBe~eCKlit~ diaxrop litnlit He6naronplitflTHbie CTe~eHlitfl 06CTOflTenbCTB. MOlit OT3blBbi 0 cavonere Ty-22 - cawue BOCTOp>KeHHble! Maumaa KOHCTPYKTlitBHO cnoxaas, B nanorapoaaHlitlit - cTporafl, 0630p - OrpaHlit~eHHbl~, a nocaasa BeCbMa csopore-u-aa. Ho Ka>K,Qbl~ noner nocraansn yaosnersopeaae!»

Paxerouocust 06bl~HO ,Qe~cTBOBanlit cne,QYlOl1IlitM 06pa30M: 60eBo~ nopsno«, cocrosuiaa lit3 ,QByX y,QapHblx rpyrma O,QHO~-,QBYX rpynn nOCTaHOBl1IlitKOB nouex, saneran C MlitHlitManbHblM litHTepBanoM. 3aTeM see rpynnst cotiapanacs B npeaenax Blit,QlitMOCTlit. Flener OT litCXO,QHOro nyuKTa MapwpyTa ocyuiecrsnsncs Ha openHlitX BblCOTax B pe>KlitMe pa,QlitOMOn~aHlitfl C litCnOnb30BaHliteM cucrev Me>KCaMOneTHO~ Ha Blitralllit lit , 3aTeM Morno npoaaso,QlitTbCfl CHlit>KeHlite Ha npenensuo Manble BblCOTbl.

nplitMepHO Ha y,QaneHlitlit 500 KM OT uenu caaoneru Ha6litpanlit BblCOTY Ha cj:>Opca>KHOM pe>KlitMe pa60Tbi ,QBlo1raTene~. Ha py6e>Ke, xorna ,QO uena OCTaBanOCb 370-400 KM, O,QHa rpynna paserouocuea oraopa-raaana BneBO, a ,Qpyrafl - enpaso. 3aTeM Ka>K,Qbl~ OTPfl,Q no KOMaH,Qe senyutero asmonaan o,QHoBpeMeHHbl~ paasopor Ha lIenb lit Bblcrpaaaancs cj:>POHTOM. MawlitHbl paarousnlitCb ,QO cBepx3BYKOBO~ CKOPOCTlit. BKnIO~anlitCb Ha noacx uena panaonoxauaouuue npauensr. Be,QoMble ,QOKna,QbIBanlit 0 3aXBaTe lIenlit Ha aBTOcOnpOBO>K,QeHlite. 3aTeM no KOMaH,Qe senyuiax BblnOnHflnlit nycx paxer o,QHoBpeMeHHo C cawoneros nepastx nayx OTPfl,QOB (neasrx lit npaeux) C paccroflHlitfl 270-350 KM. Ha TaKOM >Ke ynaneHlo1lit ocyuiecrsnann nyc« lit sropsre (neBbl~ lit npaeua) orpsner. B y~e6Hblx nonerax BMeCTO nycxa 06bl~HO npoaonann ero litMlitrauaio. Ty-22n urna snepena paserouoc-

24

«ABHaKOMeKUHSI» NQ 1 '2004

uea li1 npakpuaana li1X aKTli1BHbIMli1 noueXaMli1.

B npouecce 60eBoli1 nonroroasa np060- Banli1 pa3nli14H~e Bapli1aHT~ HaHeCeHli1H ynapa. Hanpauep, B 121-M nonxy O,lJ,Ha>K,lJ,bl anpotiapoaann eapaaur, xorna ace HOcwrenu nocne 06HapY>KeHli1H uenu Be,lJ,Y~li1M oraopasaaana B O,lJ,HOM HanpaBneHli1li1 li1 no KOMaH,lJ,e sucrpaaaanacs CPPOHTOM, a nocne O,lJ,HOBpeMeHHoro noknana Be,lJ,Y~eMY 0 3aXBaTe uenu paxerava np0li13BO,lJ,li1nli1 ycnoBHbl1i1 li1X nYCK.

B 3TOM cnyxae see pakens O,lJ,HOBpeMeHHO urna 6bl Ha 06~ylO uens, li1 nona,lJ,aHli1e O,lJ,HOIi1 paxers: pewano nOCTaBneHHYIO 3a,lJ,a4Y. Korna ynap HaHOCli1nCH nocnenosarensuo OTpH,lJ,aMli1 cneaa li1 cnpasa, TO nepBbl1i1 OTpH,lJ, Mor cua-rana HaHeCTli1 yaaps: no Kopa6nHM npli1KpbITli1H. B 3TOM cny-rae MOrIlli1 npli1MeHHTbCH paxeru

X-22Mn ,lJ,nH nopaxeuas pnc 3Tli1X xopatineli1.

rnaBHblMli1 lIenHMli1 ,lJ,nH Ty-22K HBnHnli1Cb Kopa6enbHbie COe,lJ,li1HeHli1H BepOHTHOro nporaaaaxa, a CaMbIMli1 Ba>KHbIMli1- aeaaaocuu. Ecnu non« B BoeHHoe BpeMH YHli14TO>Kli1T li1nli1, no Kpali1Heli1 Mepe, asraener uanonro li13 CTPOH Bpa>KeCKli11i1 aaaauocell, TO sanava, CTOH~aH nepen Hli1M, C4li1- ranacs BblnonHeHHoli1. Ho B TaKOM Ka4eCTBe Ty-22K, K C4aCTbIO ,lJ,nH scex, peansHO sucrynare He ,lJ,OBenOCb.

C OKTH6pH 1965-ro no li1lOnb 1987 r. B ,QanbHeli1 aBli1allli1li1 li1Menli1 MeCTO 34 nerHblX npOli1CWeCTBli1H C cavonerava Ty-22. Paccxaauears 060 scex li13 Hli1X HeT CMblcna. npli14li1Hbl li1X 6blnli1 CaMbIMli1 pa3nli14HbIMli1.

B HeKoTopblX cny-rasx 3TO npoacxoaano li13-3a ,lJ,ecpeKToB caraonera. TaK, 4 anpens 1967 r. noraf 3Kli1na>K BA oYHli1Ha.

Ha cmORHKe - caMonembl Ty-22n,Q u Ty-22Y,Q

Flpu nepexone li13 CHli1>KeHli1H B rOpli130HTanbHbl1i1 noner Ha4anaCb pacxa-uca MaWli1- Hbl C BbIXO,lJ,OM Ha 60nbwylO nonoxarensHylO neperpyaxy ,Qan 3HaTb 0 ce6e «BPO>K,lJ,eHHblli1» nediexr Cli1CTeMbl ynpaanenas cavoneroe, npoHBnHBWli1li1cH npa 3Heprli14- HblX HeO,lJ,HOKpaTHblx ,lJ,Bli1>KeHli1HX urrypsana, HanpaBneHHblx Ha BOCCTaHOBneHli1e saaauuoro pe>Kli1Ma nonera, KOTOPbl1i1 06b14- HbIMli1 npli1eMaMli1 nunorapoaauna He Bcerna MO>KHO 6blno BOCCTaHOBli1Tb.

Ho ropaaao -raure npli14li1Holi1 aBapli11i1 li1 xaracrporp HBnHnli1Cb OTKa3bl li1 nOnOMKli1 060pY,lJ,OBaHli1H. 22 MaH 1973 r. Ha Ty-22K Mali10pa A.B. nli1p0>KKOBa ssuuen li13 CTPOH TOnnli1BHblli1 aBTOMaT. Hapyuresae nocne,lJ,OBaTenbHOCTli1 asrpafiorxa ropio-rero li13

CaMonem Ty-22K,ll Ha cmORHKe

«ABHaKOMeKUlUI» NQ 1 '2004

25

Y'Ie6HaJi iJe3aKmUeal..lUR Ty-22

6aKOB npuaeno K CMe~eHI1IO lIeHTpOBKI1 ,lJ,0 51% CAX (,lJ,OnycTI1Mafl Benl1YI1Ha - 40%) 11 KaK Cne,lJ,CTBl1e - K norepe YCTOIIIYI1BOCTill 11 ynpasnaewocra cavonera. nepelll,lJ,fI Ha Ka6pl1pOBaHI1e C yeTblpeXKpaTHOIil neperpY3KOIII, MaWI1Ha csananacs Ha xpsmo.

OTKa3 ,lJ,Bl1raTenellll1nl1 CI1CTeMbl ynpasneHI15l I1MI1 06blYHO TO>Ke I1Men BeCbMa Henpl15lTHble nOCne,lJ,CTBI1R B anpene 1965 r. npoasouma aaapas Ty-22 , nanorupyeMOro MalliopoM M.r. CaMcoHoBbiM. 3Kl1na>K esmonusn TpeHl1pOBOYHbl1ll noner. Caa-iana B03HI1K nounax O,lJ,HOro 113 ,lJ,Bl1raTenelll, 3aTeM HayanCfI noxap. KaK BblflCHl1nOCb n03>Ke, nplIIYIIIHOIil CnYYI1BWerOCfI CTanO paapyuieaae nO,lJ,Wl1nHI1KOB poropa TP,Q<t>. 15 Mafl 1969 r. Y npyroro cavonera Ha aanere BHe3anHO BbIKnIOYl1nC5l ¢opca>K. neTYI1K Malliop A.It1. ,QOpOHI1H nepesen puyar ynpaaneaas ,lJ,Bl1raTeneM B nonoxeaae «Manblill ras» 11 asmycran TOPM03HOIII napaunor. Ho CKOPOCTb 6blna senaka. 11 MaWI1Ha BblKaTl1naCb Ha rpyarosyio nonocy 6e30nacHocTI1. nepe,lJ,H5l5l onopa, He Bblaepxaa HarpY30K, cnovanacs, 3apblBWI1Cb B 3eMnlO. Ilpa ,lJ,BI1>KeHI1I1 no rpy-rry Ka611- Ha paspyuranacs 11 oropsanacs OT cauonera, «oropsra aaropencs. B >KI1BbIX OCTanC5l O,lJ,I1H yneH 3Kl1na>Ka, nOKI1HYBWl1111 MaWI1Hy -repea aBapl1l11Hbl1ll rno« Y>Ke nocne OCTaHOBKI1 MaWI1Hbl.

OblBanl1 cny-ran, xorna nlO,lJ,11 rl16nl1 113- aa xanaTHOCTI1 Ha3eMHoro COCTaBa. B OK-

26

«AOl1aKOAAeKUI1S1» NQ 1'2004

rnfipe 1967 r. B npOBO,lJ,Ky pynesoro npuBO,lJ,a cTa611nl13aTOpa pn-21 Ha caraonere A.n. ,QoB6l1wa nonan 3a6blTblill KeM-TO 60nT, 3aKnl1HI1BWIIIIII urrypsan. 1t136e>KaTb Tpare,lJ,1111 He y,lJ,anOCb.

B ,lJ,ByX cny-rasx Ha 60PTY cavonera B3pblBanl1Cb oceerarensaue 60M6bl <t>OTAo. 2 anpens 1976 r. no 3TOIII npl1YI1He paaaananca B soanyxe Ty-22P xanaraaa B.B. 3a11KI1. norl16 urrypua«. B Mae cne,lJ,ylO~ero rona aaanoravsoe npoacureCTBl1e I1Meno MeCTO C MaWI1HOIil Malliopa B.r. KOH,lJ,paTeHKo, HO Ha 3TOT paa HI1KTO He nOCTpa,lJ,an.

K CO>KaneHI1IO, He1136e>KHb1MI1 6blnl1 11 OWI16KI1 neTYI1KOB. B I1IOHe 1969 r. B B03- ,lJ,yxe cronxaynucs nsa Ty-22 (KOMaH,lJ,l1pbl H.C. nl1CbKOB III A.M. <t>eoKTI1CTOB). 1t13 weCTI1 -renoeex cnacnacs nl1Wb -iersepo.

Bcero C 1960 no 1989 r. TOnbKO ,QanbHfIfI aBl1alll15l norepsna 31 Ty-22 , B xaracrpodiax norl16nl1 44 -renoeexa. Ecnl1 nonCYI1TaTb KOnl1yeCTBO aBapl1111 11 xaracrporp C 3TI1MI1 MaWI1HaMI1 B pac-rere Ha O,lJ,I1H Bblny~eHHbllll caeoner, TO 3Ta III1¢pa OKa>KeTC5l 3HaYI1TenbHO asuue, yeM y ero npenweCTBeHHI1Ka - Ty-16. Ho B TO >Ke BpeMfI KOnl1yeCTBO >KepTB B npOI1CWeCTBI1f1X C Ty-22 aa 3TOT >Ke nepaon srpoe MeHbwe, yeM y crapoa MaWI1Hbl. 45 -meaoa 3Kl1na>Kelll cBepx3BYKOBbiX 60M6ap,lJ,l1pOB~I1KOB ycneunro nOKI1Hynl1 CBOI1 cavonetu. Y,lJ,I1Bnsrsca 3TOMY He npI1XO,lJ,I1TCfI, Be,lJ,b Ha Ty-22 CT05lnl1 «aranynsraue Kpecna rpersero nOKOneHI15l, paapaooraauue B OKo-156

C yyeTOM 60nbworo onsrra excnnyarauaa npyrax caaoneroa. KOMMeHTapl1l1, KaK roBOPI1TCfI, 113n11WHI1.

XOT5l Ty-22 COCT05lnl1 Ha BoopY>KeHI1I1 coaercxoa aBl1alll111 ,lJ,OBOnbHO nonroe apeM5l, ¢aKTOB I1X 60eBoro npl1MeHeHI15l npaxTl1yeCKI1 He 6blno. «Flocrpenare» no aMepl1KaHCKI1M aBl1aHOClIaM 11M TaK 11 He ,lJ,0- senocs. Bce OrpaHI1Yl1nOCb PYTI1HHOIII yye- 60111. Ho BOT 24 MapTa 1983 r. npoaaouien nlO60nbiTHblill cnyyalli. Flpa BblnOnHeH1111 nnauoaoro non era 3Kl1na>K Ty-22K, KCTaTI1 C nO,lJ,BeWeHHOIil paKeTOIiI X-22, «6nY,lJ,aHyn» 11 saneren B It1paH, oTKY,lJ,a Bbl6pancfI cnyYaIilHO, HaCTpOI1BWI1Cb Ha npason aaponpoMa Mapu (oxono Aurxafiaaa).

KTO 6bl rorna Mor nO,lJ,YMaTb, YTO cnycTfl n5lTb ner Ty-22 HaYHYT HaCT05l~ylO 60- eBYIO patiory B He6e A¢raHI1CTaHa. B 1988 r. Ha a3pO,lJ,pOM «Mapbl-2» npl16bln0 Coe,lJ,l1- HeHl1e 113 60M6ap,lJ,l1pOB~I1KOB Ty-22M3 11 -ierupex nOCTaHOB~I1KOB novex Ty-22n,Q. nOCne,lJ,Hl1e ,lJ,0 3TOro ,lJ,I1CnOlll1pOBanl1Cb B 03epHOM. rnaBHOIil 3a,lJ,aYelil, CT05lBWelil nepen nOCTaHOB~I1KaMI1 novex, 6blno npakpsrrae 60M6ap,lJ,l1pOB~I1KOB, ,lJ,eIilCTBOBaBWI1X no lI!in5lM, pacnonoxeuusue B6nl1311 naKI1CTaHCKoliI rpaHl1l1bl - onacarmce ,lJ,elilCTBI1Ii1 nBO 3TOIiI crpausr. Onepauau Benacs ,lJ,0 KOHlIa rona, 11 nl1Wb nocne roro, KaK 60eBbie ,lJ,eIilCTBI15l nepeMeCTl1nl1Cb nonansure OT rpaHl1l1bl, B palilOH Canaara, Ha,lJ,06HOCTb B Ty-22n,Q ornana, npl1MepHO -repea MeCfllI OHI1 eepuynncs K MeCTY nOCT05lHHOIil ,lJ,I1CnOKalll1l1 203-ro nonxa.

B Hayane 1990-x rr. Ty-22 Hayanl1 BblBO,lJ,I1Tb 113 60eBoro COCTaBa. LJaCTI1YHO I1X YTl1nl13l1pOBanl1, a OCTaBWl1eC5l MaWI1Hbl cnana Ha «oucepaaua-o. Cavoneru 6blnl1 Y>Ke Cl1nbHO 113HOWeHbi. 06~111i1 Kpl1311C B crpase npusen K nna-reauowy COCTOflHl11O ece BI1,lJ,bl soopyxeaaux can, B TOM Yl1cne 11 aaaaumo. OHa CTpeMI1TenbHO coxpauianacs. Ho nocnenuae Ty-22 e~e nerana. 24 I1IOH5l 1992 r. npoaaouina, BI1,lJ,I1MO, nocne,lJ,H5lfl «aracrpodia C TaKoliI MaWI1HoliI. B TOT ,lJ,eHb 3Kl1na>K Ty-22Y B COCTaBe neTYI1- Ka-I1HCTpYKTopa nO,lJ,nOnKOBHI1Ka B. OCbKI1- ua, KOMaH,lJ,l1pa 3CKa,lJ,pl1nbl1 nO,lJ,nOnKOBHI1- Ka A. CTenyeHKOBa 11 urrypvaaa Malilopa H. It1BaHoBa, B3neTeB C aaponpoua HOBo- 6enl1l1e B6nl1311 rOMenfl, esmonuan noner no xpyry C uensio BOCCTaHOBneHI15l HaBblKOB nocne omycxa. Ha BblCOTe 900 M 11 CKOPOCTI1 oxono 500 KM/Y npoaaouino paspyweHl1e npasoro ,lJ,BlllraTen5l, esrasaauree noxap. Ha BbICOTe, 6nl13KoIiI K rpaauue 6e30nacHoro xaranyrtsrapoaaaaa. crapwl1li1 Ha 60PTY I1HCTPYKTOP OCbKI1H nan KOMaH,lJ,y xaranynerwpoaa'nsca. It1BaHoB 11 CTenyeHKOB 6narononYYHO nOKI1Hynl1 MaWI1Hy. OCbKI1H, YBO,lJ,5l cavoner Ha 6e30nacHoe paCCT05lHl1e OT ropoaa, xaranynsruposancs Ha BblCOTe MeHbwe 350 M 11 norl16.

no 3TOMY nOBO,lJ,y rasera «Kpacaas 3Be3,lJ,a» nucana: «B 3TOM nonxy caMbl1il MOnO,lJ,olil Ty-22 asmycxa 1968 r. TOT, Ha KOTOPOM neTYI1KI1 ompaaanacs B noner, Ha yerupe rona crapure cavoro MOnO,lJ,oro. npl1 rapaHTl1li1HoM pecypce 750 yaCOB OH Haneran K MOMeHTY «aracrporpu 2707 yaCOB.

Pa3pYWIt1BWIt1r1rC51 B nonere nsararene npowen n51Tb (!) peMOHTOB. Hey,qIt1BIt1TenbHO, LfTO OTKa3bl TeXHIt1KIt1 aaecs He penxocre. Cny-ianacs OHIt1 It1 Y OCbKIt1Ha It1 Oren-reaKOBa.

B O,qHOM 1t13 noneros Ha cavonere BIt1Kropa OCbKIt1Ha noru-yna Tpy6Ka TOnnIt1BOnposona It1 cpI03en51>K aa-rano aanasars KePOCIt1HOM. Kor,qa OH nocannn paxerouoceu, TOnnlt1BO He TeKnO, a 6YKBanbHO xnecrano 1t13 scex LlIenerlr. Y Anexcaanpa CTenLfeHKOBa B O,qHOM 1t13 noneros orxasana CIt1CTeMa ynpaaneuas. Tonsxo Lfy,qOM 3Klt1na>KY y,qanOCb CnaCTIt1Cb. Cavoner npa nocaase norepnen aaapmo It1 pa3pYWlt1nC51».

K cepenase 1990-x rr. axcnnyarapoeanacs ronsxo e,qIt1HIt1LfHble MaWIt1Hbl. HanpaMep, Y>Ke B 1995 r. B aBlt1alllt11t1 BM<t> He OCranees HIt1 om-oro Ty-22. Kor,qa OTcnY>KIt1Bwlt1e csoe cavonens B 1994 r. HaLfanlt1 co- 61t1paTb Ha 6a3e pa3,qenKIt1 It1 YTIt1nlt13alllt11t1 aBlt1aTeXHIt1KIt1 B 3Hrenbce (Caparoscxaa 06n.), TO Ha HIt1X MO>KHO 6blnO YBIt1,qeTb pasnlt1LfHble Ha,qnlt1CIt1, B LfaCTHOCTIt1 «Cnacafio sa nonersi» It1 «Cnacafio, nonneu». CeronH5I Ty-22 MO>KHO BCTpeTIt1Tb nlt1Wb Ha My- 3erlrHbiX nnouranxax It1 nOCTaMeHTax B asaarapaasoxax,

KpOMe CCCp, 30 Ty-22P, YKoMnneKToBaHHblX B 60M6ap,qlt1pOBOLfHOM sapaaure It1 0603HaLfaBWIt1XC51 KaK Ty-226, a TaK>Ke YLfe6Hbix Ty-22Y axcnnya'rapoaanacs B ~paKe It1 nlt1BIt1It1. no 060py,qoBaHIt1IO OHIt1 HeCKonbKO orna-ranacs OT cnY>KIt1BWIt1X B COBeTCKIt1X BBC. B KOHlIe 1970-x rr. Ha nIt1BIt1r1rCKIt1X 60M6ap,qlt1pOBLlIIt1KaX B03HIt1Kna He06xo,qIt1MOCTb 3aMeHbi oTcnY>KIt1BWIt1X CBOrlr CpOK KOPMOBblX nyurex P-23. nonb3Y5lcb cny-raeja, cnenyer pa3b5lCHIt1Tb, LfTO P-23 6blna nepsoa B CCCP nywKorlr peaonsaepnoro runa C nonaroaansaoa (nepeMeHHOrlr KPYTIt13Hbl) Hape3KOrlr crsona. ,Qpyrorlr ocoeeuaocrs-o Opy,qlt151 6blnO It1Cnonb30BaHIt1e naTpoHa C 3neKTpoKanclOneM. Onaaxo, HecMoTp51 Ha 3TIt1 HOB weCTBa, opynue orna-ranocs OLfeHb HIt13KOrlr >KIt1BYLfeCTblO. B03MO>KHO no 3TOrlr nplt1LfIt1He P-23, Haxo,qIt1BWYIOC51 Ha cHa6>KeHIt1It1 BBC, TaK It1 He nplt1H51nlt1 Ha aoopyxeuae. K 3TOMy BpeMeHIt1 nywKIt1 KOHCTPYKIIIt1It1 PIt1XTepa 6blnlt1 CH51Tbl C np0It13Bo,qCTBa It1 paCCMaTpasancs aonpoc 06 It1X 3aMeHe Ha axcnopTHblX MaWIt1HaX ,qpyrlt1MIt1 BbrnycKaBwlt1MIt1- C51 OTeLfeCTBeHHOrlr npowuumeuuocrsro Opy,qIt151MIt1 xanufipa 23 It1nlt1 30 MM. Ho 3aMblcnbl TaK It1 ocranucs Ha 6YMare.

nepBblMItI 1t13 It1HOCTpaHlIeB B ua-rane 1970-x rr. ocaaasana Ty-22 It1paKCKlt1e 3KIt1- na>Klt1. ~X YLflt1nlt1 Ha 6a3e paasenusarensHOro noma, 6a3It1pOBaBWerOC5I B 3516pOBxe. B 1976 r. It1paKlIeB TaM CMeHlt1nlt1 nItlBIt1r1rusr. B TOM ro,qy np0It13Bo,qCTBO Ty-22 Y>Ke csopa-rasana It1 nocneauae MaWIt1Hbl, OKpauieuasre «non rurpa», npenaaaaasanacs It1MeHHO ,qn51 nlt1BIt1It1. O,qIt1H 1t13 HIt1X norepnen karacrporpy 16 It1lOn51. 3Klt1na>K ner-ur«a B.B. llleauoaa ofineretsan MaWIt1HY nepen c,qaLferlr 3aKa3Lflt1KY, It1 npa aoaspaureHIt1It1 ,qOMOrlr Ha 60PTY B03HIt1K noxap, nocanxy npoaaaonnna, LfTO Ha3b1BaeTC5I, C xo,qy. B MOMeHT KaCaHIt151 aanerao-nocano-r-

HpaKCKUU Ty-22Y,ll co cnnmoii uuneneoii monnueonpueunuxe Ha aBuapeMOHmHOM saBode B PR3aHu

HOrlr nonocu cavoner «CK03nlt1n», It1 npa noBTOPHOM KaCaHlt11t1 nonnosmnacs nepenuss onopa uracca, 3aTeM oropsanacs o,qHa 1t13 xoaconea «puna It1 npoasouien B3pb1B.

nocne 3aBepWeHIt151 Ceplt1r1rHOrO npo- 1t13Bo,qcTBa 3a rpaunuy crana OTnpaBn51Tb Ty-22 1t13 crpoeaux -racrea, Bbl6lt1pa51 caMoneTbl nony-uue, 3TIt1 MaWIt1Hbl nonsaoaanacs cnpOCOM. ~HOCTpaHHble 3Klt1na>K1t1 ,qn51 HIt1X roroeunacs KaK MIt1HIt1MyM ,qo cepenaHbl 1980-x rr. nplt1MepOM TOMY neruoe npoIt1CWeCTBlt1e, It1MeBWee MeCTO B Mae 1984 r. 3Klt1na>K Ty-22, Ha 60PTY KOTOPOro -raxonanlt1Cb neTLfIt1K AxMe,q MIt1 Mb6aHIt1 It1 oneparop MbMaplt1, asmonsan TpeHlt1pOBOLfHblrlr noner, B3neTeB C aaponoova O,qHOrir 1t13 YLfe6Hbix LfaCTerlr COBeTCKIt1X BBC. fpy- 6a51 OWIt16Ka nunora npnsena K BbIXO,qy MaWIt1Hbl Ha nlt1Klt1pOBaHlt1e C orpnuarensHOrlr neperpyasoa, a 3aTeM - Ha Ka6plt1poBaHlt1e C neperpyssoa casuue 4,5 e,qIt1Hlt1l1bl, C03,qaB sne-rarneuae 0 HapyweHlt11t1 ynpasn51eMOCTIt1 MaWIt1Hbl. COBeTCKIt1r1r urrypvau It1 apati-oneparop xaranynsrapoeanacs. Oneparop, nOXO>Ke, It1CnblTan Clt1nbHerlrWIt1r1r crpecc, nocxonsxy «aranynsrapoeaauracs, MepTBOrlr XBaTKOrir nepxancs aa nopyLfHIt1 xpecna, npen51TcTBY51 ero OT,qeneHIt1IO It1 BBO,qy B ,qerlrCTBlt1e napaunora. OH TaK It1 ynan C «pecnov Ha aevruo It1 pa36It1nc5I. WTYPMaH nplt1·3eMnlt1nC5I, OT,qenaBWIt1Cb nepenovov 6e,qpa. TeM BpeMeHeM, KOMaH,qlt1p, ,qonO>KIt1B Ha 3eMnlO 0 cnYLfIt1BWeMC5I, coaepuian finaronony-myro nocanxy Ha CBoeM aepozipove.

BOCTOK - ,qeno TOHKoe. BIt1,qIt1MO, n03TOMy TaM TaK LfaCTO BCnblXIt1BalOT aoopyxceuHble KOHcpnlt1KTbl. ,Qn51 KOro-TO 3TO 60Pb6a aa cnpaeennaaocrs, a ,qn51 KOro-TO - 60- eBa51 nposepxa B03MO>KHOCTerlr TeXHIt1KIt1. nepBblMIt1 ee npouinn nIt1BIt1r1rCKlt1e Ty-22.

B 1978 r. Me>K,Qy TaH3aHIt1erlr It1 YraH,qOrlr scnuxayn BoopY>KeHHblrlr KOHcpnIt1KT. PacCKa3blBalOT, LfTO y YraH,qbl nena Ha CPPoHTe 06cTo51nlt1 HeBa>KHO, It1 npaaarens 3TOrlr crpauu ~. AMIt1H 06paTlt1nC5I K nIt1BIt1r1rCKO-

My nlt1,qepy M. KaMacplt1 C npocstioa 0 noMOLllIt1. B HOLfb C 29 Ha 30 MapTa Ha TaH3aHIt1r1rCKIt1r1r ropon MBaH3a ofipyuiuna csoa cMepToHOCHblrlr rpys nIt1BIt1r1rCKlt1e Ty-22. 3TIt1M ace It1 3aKOHLflt1nOCb.

CnycT51 ron nIt1BIt1r1rCKlt1e 60M6ap,qlt1pOBLlIIt1KIt1 «cxaaann csoe CnOBO» B rpa>K,QaHCKOrlr BOrlrHe B 4a,qe. B Herlr nlt1BIt1r1rllbl non,qep>KIt1Banlt1 rpynnnpoaxy f. Y3,q,qe51. B OKT516pe 1980 r. Ty-22 HaHOClt1nlt1 y,qapbl no n031t1l1lt151M BOrlrCK X. Xa6pe, nplt1,qep>KIt1BaBurerocs npOaMeplt1KaHCKOrlr opaeurauaa. L!enlt1 pacnonaranacs B nparoponax H,q>KaMeHbl - CTOnlt1l1bl 4a,qa. 3TIt1 60M- 6ap,qlt1pOBKIt1 cnenann ceoe neno. BOrlrHa npexparanacs, HO HeHa,qonro. B It1lOne cnenyiouiero rona 60eBbie ,qerlrCTBIt151 BO- 306HOBlt1nIt1Cb. ~ Ty-22 onars scrynaru- B 60rlr.

Kasanocs 6bl, Henplt1Mlt1plt1MblM nopa It1 yroMoHIt1TbC51, HO He TYT-TO 6blno. B HaLfane 1986 r. BOrlrHa pasropenacs C HOBOrlr CIt1- noji, It1 onars Y3Me51 noaaepxan« 60M6ap,qIt1POBLlIIt1KIt1 KaMacplt1. 17 cpespana O,qIt1H 1t13 Ty-22 HaHec y,qap no crona-u-ovy aaponopry, cansao nospenae sanerao-noca,qOLfHYIO nonocy It1 OCTaBIt1B «c HOCOM» cppaHlIY3cKIt1X 3eHIt1TLflt1KOB, nplt1KpblBaBWIt1X asponpov. ,Qonroe BpeM51 nIt1BIt1r1rCKlt1e 60M- 6ap,qlt1pOBLlIIt1KIt1 He It1Menlt1 noreps. Ho B MapTe 1987 r. soacsa Xa6pe onsrs nepewnlt1 B uacrynneaae It1 aaxaarana aaaafia- 3y Ya,qIt1-,QYM, Ha KOTOPOrlr B 3TOT MOMeHT Haxo,qlt1naCb napa Ty-22.

CnycT51 nOLfTIt1 n51Tb MeC51l1eB B BoeHHblX ceonxax 6blna OTMeLfeHa nepaas nOTep51 csepxasyxoaoro 60M6ap,qlt1pOBLlIIt1Ka, c61t1- Toro paKeTOrlr, HO KaKOrlr - HeIt13BeCTHO. 6 ceHT516p51 B paaoae aeponopra H,q>KaMeHbl cPpaHlIY3cKIt1r1r pac-er KOMnneKca «XOK» c61t1n euie O,qIt1H Ty-22. B KOHlIe rpa>K,QaHCKOrir BOrlrHbl nlt1BIt1r1rllbl aKTIt1BHO 60M61t1nlt1 roporia Ya,qIt1-,QYM, <t>a,qa It1 <t>a5l-nap>K0.

nOMOra51 Y3MelO, B 1984 r. KaMacplt1 napannensuo BB5I3anC5I euie B O,qIt1H KOHcpnlt1KT, Ha 3TOT pas B Cy,qaHe. nIt1BIt1r1rCKIt1r1r

«ABHaKOAAeKUHSI» NQ 1 '2004

27

n~AepHeCMornpOCT~TbnpaB~BweMYTaM reuepany ,lJ.>K. H~Meii1p~ nOMep>KK~ 4aACKOrO Onn03~I..\~OHepa Xa6pe, ~ B MapTe noonan CBO~ 60M6apA~pOBLl.\~K~ Ha ropon OMAYPMaH. KOHKpeTHblii1 3cpcpeKT 3TOro yaapa He~3BeCTeH, HO CnYCTH roA snacrs B CYAaHe nepewna K HOBOMY BO>KAfO, no HeKoTopblM cBeAeH~HM, HBnHBweMycH CTOpOHH~KOM KaMacp~. B 1986 r. Ha nnB~ii1CK~X Ty-22 cYAaHcK~e 3K~na>K~ HaHOc~n~ 60M6oBbie YAapbl no OTpHAaM onno- 3~1..\~~, Aeii1cTBoBaBw~M Ha iore crpa-ru. B

Ty-22 B KOHl..\e 1950-x rr. npononxan naH~fO COBeTCK~X AanbH~X 6oM6apA~pOBLl.\~KOB, ~ ~CKaTb ero aaanoru HY>KHO He CTonbKO cpena 3apy6e>KHblX cavoneroa crpareru-recsoro Ha3Ha4eH~H, CKonbKO cpena MaW~H

1995 r. B BBC n~B~~ euie ~Men~Cb nHTb ~cnpaBHblx Ty-225. CeroAHH ~x cYAb6a He~3BeCTHa.

Ilosenocs nosoeears ~ ~paKcK~M Ty-22.

Oce-usio 1980 r. ecnuxuyna Boii1Ha Me>KAY V1paKoM ~ V1paHoM. 50M6apA~pOBLl.\~K~ CaAAaMa Xyceii1Ha HaHoc~n~ YAapbl no pa3n~4HbIM, B TOM 4~cne ~ rpa>KAaHCK~M, 06beKTaM Terepaaa (B 4aCTHOCT~, no Me>KAYHapOAHOMY aaponopry ~ aBTOMo6~nbHOMY 3aBOAY) ~ V1ccpaxaHa. 50nbwaH AanbHOCTb nonera Ty-22 noasonana Ha-

Olirn;MI OIJ;EHKA

roro »ce secoaoro xnacca, Ha~6onee 6n~3- K~M~ K Ty-22 HBnHfOTCH aMep~KaHcK~ii1 KOHB3p B-58 «Xacmep», cppaHI..\Y3CK~ii1 «M~pax» lV Cp~PMbl «Ilaccc» (1959 r.) ~ aarn~ii1cK~ii1 onblTHblii1 ~cTpe6~Tenb-6oM6apA~-

«psrsare .nf06ble uenu. Flpu 3TOM ~paKl..\bl W~pOKO nonsaoaanacs a3poAPoMaM~ coceAH~X crpaa, 4TO noasonano coxpaanrs 6oeBYfO TexH~KY B cny-iae OTBeTHoro «B~- 3~Ta» ~paHl..\eB.

CBeAeH~H 0 nofienax ~ nOpa>KeH~HX o6e~x CTOPOH BeCbMa npoT~Bope4~B~, n03ToMY AaTb oAHo3Ha4HYfO Ol..\eHKY npuMeHeH~H ~paKcK~x Ty-22 (KaK, enpo-rev, ~ n~B~ii1cK~X) npaKT~4ecK~ HeB03MO>KHO. 4~cno nooea, KaK npasano, aassnuaerca, a nOpa>KeH~ii1 - 3aH~>KaeTCH.

pOBLl.\~K TSR-2 Cp~PMbl «5P~T~W 3ii1pKpacpT» (1963 r.). B3neTHaH Macca Y ABYX nocneAH~X caraoneroa 60nee 4eM B ABa pasa MeHbwe no cpaa-reruno C Ty-22. n03TOMY K 4~cny nonaoueuaux 3apy6e>KHblX 06beK-

OCHOBHble xapaKTepHCTHKH MO~H«IJHKau.HH Ty-22
"lOS" "105A" Ty-22P Ty-22P)J,M Ty-22Y 1)-22K)J,
)CKII3HblH paC'IeT .N'~602
npoeKT
)J,BHraTenb B)J,-7M BJl-7M BJl-7M PJl-7M2 B)J,-7M P)J,-7M2
Tara, xr
MaKCHM3nbHall - - 10500 - 10500 -
aa <j>opc3)Ke 16500 16000 16000 16500 16000 16500
P33Max xpsina, M 23,65 23,17 23,17 23,17 23,646 23,646
JlnHHa cavonera, M 38,8 41,6 41,6 41,6 41,6 42,2
Bucora caM on era, M 10,55 10.13 10,13 10,13 - 9,45/10,4
Ilnourazn, xpsina, M2 165 162,25 162,25 162,25 162,25 162,257
Macca B3neTH3lI, xr:
HopManbHall - - 69000 - 69000 -
neperpyaosaaa 80000 85000 85000 920003 85000 92 000
Macca nycroro, xr 36840 - - - 43580 -
Macca ronnasa
MaKCHManbH3lI, xr 39500 - - - 40800 -
CKOPOCTb, KM/'I:
MaKCHM3nbHall 1580 1510 1410 1600 1387 1640'
xpeiicepcxax 1I03BYKoBall 950-1000
KpeHCepCK3lI CBepX3BYKOB3lI 1200-1300
Bpeaa nafiopa
BbICOTbI, MHH 9,411 0 000 - 19/10 0001 - 18,811 0 0001 10/90005
nOTonOK
npaKTH'IeCKHH, M 14000-15000 14700 13500 13800 13250 13 3006
Jl3nbHOCTb, KM:
aa .1\03BYKOBOH
CKOPOCTH 6080 5850 4900 5650 5130 45505
aa cBepx3BYKOBOH
CKOPOCTH 2250 - - - - 17505
Pa.1\HYC .1\eHCTBHlI
C paKeTOH, KM:
aa .1\03BYKOBOH CKOPOCTH 2500-2700'
ua CBepX3ByKOBOH CKOpoCTH 1200-1400'
)J.nHHa pasfiera, M 1770-2000 1950 2430 2300 2270 2700
)J.nHHa npo6era, M 700-1520 13702 1700 1600 13502 1900 np .. MeyaH .. ":

1 _ np .. pabore AB .. rarenea Ha MaKC"MallbHOM pelK .. Me a - C TOPM03HblM napaWIOTOM

3 _ 94 000 Kr np .. asnere C YCKop .. Tell"M ..

• - Ha BbiCOTe 11 000 M .. asuue. Ha asicore 10 000 M MaKC"MallbHa" CKOPOCTb 1480 KM/Y np .. BKllIOYeH .... BblCOTHoro cPocalKHoro pex .. Ma. Floneraaa Macca 60 T 5 _ np .. B3lleTHoi1 Macce 92 T

• - noneraas Macca 69 T, MaKc .. MallbHbli1 cPopcalKHbli1 pelK .. M. Ha HOM .. HallbHOM pex .. Me pa60Tbi AB .. raTellei1- 10 500 M 7 _ 6e3 nOAcPI03ell"lKHoi1 yaCT .. - 151,23 M'

28

"AUHaKOMeKUHSI» NQ 1 '2004

TOB AJlH CpaBHeHIiIH MO>KHO OTHeCTIiI J1Ii1Wb 60M6ap,QlilpOBll.!IiIK CPIilPMbl «KOHB3P».

nepBbl1ir OnblTHbl1ir 3K3eMnnHp 8-58 noCTPOIiIJ11i1 B 1956 r., ero nepBbl1ir nOJ1eT coCTOS1J1CH 11 H0S16pS1 roro >Ke rona. Csepx- 3BYKOBOlir CaMOJ1eT 6blJ1 BbrnOJ1HeH no noJ1Y' .. fIi1Bwelir urapoxoe pacnpocrpaaeaae B 1950-e rr. Ha 3ana,Qe cxeue «6ecXBOCTKa». no,Q cpe,QHepaCn0J10>KeHHbIM TpeyrOJ1bHblM KPblJ10M crpenosanaocn-o 60 rpanycos no nepe,QHelir KpOMKe paaveuranncs Ha nnnoHax -rerupe TPA<l> CPIilPMbl «A>KeHepaJ1 3J1eKTpIiIK». Cxaxana 3TO 6blJ11i1 ,QBlilraTeJ11i1 J79-GE-1, nOTOM - J-79-GE-5A (1iIJ11i1 58) B3J1eTHolir TS1rolir no 7075 Kr Ha pe>KIiIMe cpopca>Ka (Ha MaKCIiIMaJ1e - no 4540 xr),

8 OTJ1Ii1Ylile OT Ty-22 , BCH 60eBaS1 aarpysxa 8-58 paavetuanacs B nO,QcpI03eJ1H>KHOM KOHCPOPMHOM KOHTeIirHepe. MaKcIiIMaJ1bHaH B3J1eTHaH Macca CaMOJ1eTa nocrarana 75 000 Kr, YTO nOYTIiI Ha 20 000 Kr MeHbwe, yeM y Ty-22. TS1roBoopY>KeHHOCTb Ha B3J1ere C Maccolir 68 000 Kr COCTaBJ1Hna 0,416, a y,QeJ1bHaH uarpyssa aa KPblJ10 - 475 Kr/M2. Y Ty-22P, HanpliIMep, C ,QBlilraTeJ1S1MIiI 8A-7M 3TIiI napauerpu paBHHJ1Ii1Cb COOTBeTCTBeHHO 0,464 iii 425,27 Kr/M2 (MaKcliIMaJ1bHaH - 523,6 Kr/M2).

nplil MeHbwelir THroBoopY>KeHHOCTIiI iii 6nlil3Klilx y,QeJ1bHbIX HarPY3Kax Ha KPblJ10 (06bIYHO Y «6eCXBOCTOK» nOCJ1e,QHIilIir napaMeTp MeHbwe) 8-58 pa3BIiIBaJ1 MaKCIiIMaJ1bHylO CKOPOCTb 2228 KM/Y nporas 1410 KM/Y Y Ty-22P. nplil nOJ1eTe Ha MaKCIiIMaJ1bHYIO ,QaJ1bHOCTb 8-58 pacxonosan OK0J10 8,1 n/KM, a Ty-22P - oxono 10 n/KM. npliIYIiIHbl TaKOro npesocxoncrea «aMepIiIKaHlIa» KPOIOTCS1, rnaBHblM 06pa30M, B 60nee BblCOKOM aspo,QIiIHaMliIyeCKOM xa-recree (MeHbwe Bblcrynaioutax neranea, 60nee 06TeKaeMaH xopvoeas aprannepaacsas YCTaHoBKa C urecracraonsaoa nywKolir M-61 KaJ11i16pa 20 MM, perynapyevue B03,Qyx03a60pHble ycrpoacrsa ,QBlilraTenelir). «Xacrnep» 1i13HayaJ1bHO npoesrapoaancs AJlH nnarensaoro

AMepUKaHCKUU cmpemeeuveckuii 6oM6apdupo6U(UK KOH63P 8-58 «Xacmnep»

nOJ1eTa co csepxaevsoeoa CKOPOCTblO, B TO BpeMS1 KaK Ty-22 BbIXO,QIiIJ1 Ha CBepX3BYK ronsxo nepen araxoa Ha uens.

nplil C03,QaHIiIIiI 8-58, KaK, enpo-rev iii Ty-22 , CTOJ1KHYJ1Ii1Cb C PS1,QOM TPY,QHocTelir. 8 IiITore npliIWJ10Cb nocrpoars 13 onsrrusrx X8-58 iii 17 npe,QceplillirHblx MaWIiIH. ~3 HIiIX nars norlil6J11i1 B xone J1eTHbIX IiIcnblTaHlil1ir C 1956 no 1959 r. iii weCTaH- B 1961 r. BO BpeMS1 ,QeMoHcTpallliloHHoro nonera B naplil>Ke. 8 06ll.!elir CnO>KHOCTIiI 6blJ10 nocrpoeHO 116 CaMOJ1eTOB - nOYTIiI B rpa paaa MeHbwe, yeM Ty-22. K CO>KaJ1eHIilIO, ony6- J1Ii1KOBaHHble, BIiI,QIiIMO pexnauuue, xapaxTeplilcTIiIKIiI 8-58 He Bbl3blBalOT ,QOBepliIS1 iii He n03BonHIOT 60nee nOJ1HO cpasaaaan, 06e MaWIiIHbl. 8 YaCTHOCTIiI, 3TO KacaeTCS1 KIiIJ10MeTpOBbIX pacxonoa ropiosero.

KOHeYHO, BblCOKaH cBepx3BYKoBaH CKOPOCTb - 60J1bWOe ,QOCTIiI>KeHlile aMepliIKaHCKOIir aBlilanpOMbIWJ1eHHOCTIiI, HO AJlS1 ,QaJ1bHero 60M6ap,QlilpOBll.!IiIKa 3TO He caMbl1ir rnaBHbl1ir noxaaarens. rOpa3,Q0 saxaee

60J1bWaH ,QaJ1bHOCTb nOJ1eTa B COyeTaHliI1iI B BblCOKOIir CKOpOCTblO. Ho 3,QeCb nonysaeTCH HeYBH3Ka: nplil 60nbwelir, yeM y Ty-22 , eecosoa orna-ie no TOnJ1Ii1BY nOJ1y-iaerca CJ1Ii1WKOM MaJ1eHbKaH ,QaJ1bHOCTb nplil HOpMaJ1bHolir noneraoa Macce iii 60J1buiaa (neperouo-maa iii, BIiI,QIiIMO, C ,Q03anpaaxoa) - nplil neperpyao-u-oa. OTCIO,Qa BbIBO,Q - aMepliIKaHlIbl 3annaTIiIJ11i1 aa CKOPOCTb ,QaJ1bHOCTblO nOJ1eTa.

Ecnlil CY,QIiITb no OTHoweHlil1O K CaMOJ1eTy KOMaH,QOBaHIiIH aMepliIKaHcKlilx 88C, TO MO>KHO KOHCTaTlilpOBaTb, YTO 8-58'KaK 60- eBolir CaMOJ1eT He y,QaJ1CH. OH He HaWeJ1 uiapoxoro npliIMeHeHIiIH iii ,QOBOJ1bHO 6bICTpo «couien co cueuu». 8 KOHeYHOM IiITore, 60nbwoe KOJ1li1yeCTBO aBaplil1ir iii xaracrpodi BbIHY,QIiIJ10 CWA B oKTH6pe 1966 r. npexpaTIiITb npOIil3BO,QCTBO aroro 60M6ap,QlilpoBll.!IiIKa. Bunyc« Ty-22 B 3TO BpeMS1 6bln B nOJ1HOM pasrape. Korna «WIiIJ10» ,QocnY>KIiIBaJ10 nocnenaae ,QHIiI, 0 8-58 Y>Ke iii He BcnOMIiIHaJ1li1.

OCHOBHble xapax I epHCTHKH naur arenea
Tara B3JIeTHaH, xr YAeJIbHblH Majcc .. Bec Tesrneparypa .LJ:HaMeTp,
pacxoA 06/MHH CYXOH, rasa nepea M
MaKCHMaJI. ljlopcalK TOnJIHBa Kr TYp6HHOH,
ua MaKCHMaJIe rpaa, C
Kr/KP'I
B.LJ:-7M 10500 16000 - • 7400 3650 860 1,410
P.LJ:-7M2 11000 16500 0,825 - 3750 -
HK-6(1961 r.) 14200 22000 - 7000 (7600) 3500 1130 1,995 KaK iii nOYTIiI see COBeTCKlile fioeasre caMOJ1eTbl TOIir nopu, Ty-22 IiIMeJ1 XOTb iii 6J1eCTHll.!YIO, HO aecsua CKPOMHYIO oxpacky. Bepsee, kaaanocs, YTO OH COBceM He 6blJ1 oxpaureu. Ha caMOM ,QeJ1e BCH nosepxHOCTb cauonera nospuaanacs 6eClIBeTHblM aKpliIJ10BblM naKOM AC-82 1iIJ11i1 AC-16, KOTOPbl1ir aauiauian ,QlOpaJ1eBYIO 06WIiIBKY

OKPACKA

OT KOPP031i11i1, HO He 1i13MeHHJ1 ee lIBeT (,QO rejaneparypsr 150-180DC). 06blYHO raKylO O,QHOTOHHYIO OKpaCKY pa3H006pa31i1- J11i1 aaxpsreaioume aHTeHHbl nasena, noxpsrrue cneuaansaoa paaaonpoapa-n-oa xpacsoa.

Ha nepBblX Ty-22 eunycxa 1959 r. pa,Qlilonp03paYHble naHeJ11i1 Ha KOHlIe KIiIJ1H,

06TeKaTeJ1b aHTeHHbl pnc BHIiI3Y HOCOBOIir yaCTIiI iii naHeJ11i1 Ha raprpore nOKpblBaJ1Ii1Cb cepoa (np-1) 1iIJ11i1 3eJ1eHolir (X8-16) KpacKOIir. Ho Y>Ke B cJ1e,QYIOll.!eM rony 3TIiI xpacKlil crana BblTeCHHTbCH 6eJ101ir (AC-10). nepBblM «nofienen» HOCOBOIir 06TeKaTeJ1b. K 1962 r. 6eJ1blMIiI CTaJ11i1 raprpor iii 3aKOH- 1I0BKa KIiIJ1R

«ABltaKOMeKUItH» NQ 1 '2004

29

'I

Pa3MeU4eHue 0603Ha'leHUU Ha HOC080U '1acmu CaMOnema

HOMep Ha U4UmKe nepeOHeU CmOUKU waccu

6opToeoii HOM8p H8 C8MOnerax p8HHMX cepou;;

~[12

TPM B03MO)I(HblX M8CTa pacnono)t(eHIII~ 3HSKa ·OTI'M'4HbtM C8MOneT'

EAIiIHCTBeHHblM '-IepHblM n~THOM Ha MaWIiIHaX nepBblX Ceplill1 6blna MaTOBa~ npoTIiIB06nIilKOBa~ OKpaCKa BepXHel1 nOBepXHOCTIiI HOCOBOI1 '-IaCTIiI nepea cpOHapeM nanora.

C HayanOM Ceplill1HOrO npOlil3BOACTBa B KOHCTPYK41i11i1 cauonera npoaaouma 1i13MeHeHIiI~,CB~3aHH~e,BepO~THo,cyclilneHIiIeM 06WIiIBKIiI cpI03en~>Ka B paaose rpysosoro orcexa, B03Ayx03a6opHIiIKOB iii KanoTaB nepeAHel1 '-IaCTIiI ABlilraTenel1. 3TIiI naHen iii , BblnOnHeHHble 1i13 60nee noo-n-oro anlOMIiIHlileBoro cnnasa, caa-rana noxpsrsanacs TeM >Ke 6ec4BeTHbiM naKOM iii BblAen~nlilCb Ha MaWIiIHax nepasix Ceplill1 60nee TeMHblM OTTeHKOM, HO 3aTeM IiIX crann oxpauraears B 6enbll1 4BeT. Cxopee scero, sro 6bln0 CB~3aHO C 60nee HIiI3K0l1 KOPP031i10HH0l1 CTOI1KOCTblO MaTeplilana. <l>opMa TaKIilX naHenel1 or ceplillil K cepan 1i13MeH~naCb, a IiIX nOBepXHOCTb CTaHOBIiInacs see 60nbwe. B KOH4e KOH40B oxpaweHHble 6enol1 KpaCKOI1 naaena 3aH~nlil BCIO nepeznuoio '-IaCTb MOTorOHAon (aa IiICKnlO'-IeHlileM BbIABIiI>KHOro HOCOBoro xonsua) ennors AO pyn~ HanpaBneHIiI~ iii no'-ITIiI nonOBIiIHY nOBepxHOCTIiI OTceKa <l>-4, OXBaTbIBa~ ero B nepeAHel1 '-IaCTIiI CO scex CTOPOH Konb40M.

npliIMepHO B TO >Ke BpeM~ C HOCOBOI1 '-IaCTIiI MaWIiIHbl IiIC'-Ie3na '-IepHa~ npOTIiIBO- 6nIilKOBa~ nonoca, CTaB TaK>Ke 6enol1. TaKIiIM o6pa30M, see Ty-22 npaofipena nO'-lTIiI OAIiIHaKOBYIO cepeopacro-eenyo OKpaCKY, paanasaeuiyoca B 3aBIiICIiIMOCTIiI or MOAIiIcpIiIKa41i11i1 TOnbKO P8AliIonp03pa'-lHbIMIiI naHen~MIiI. 3aBIiIAHbIM. nOCTO~HCTBOM orna-ranacs OKpaCKa AIiICKOB xonec, xoropas BbmonH~naCb 3eneH0l1 3ManbIO Y3-12.

Pacnonoxeaae onoaaaearens-rsrx 3HaKOB An~ cavorteroa HOBblX ranee, Ha'-llilHa~ C 1955 r., paapafiarsieanoce KOHCTPYKTOPOM cauonera B COOTBeTCTBliI1iI C Tpe6oBaHIiI~MIiI «Flonoxeuas 06 onoasaaarensasrx aaaxax cauoneroe BBC», BBe-

30

«ABHaKOMeKUHJI» N! 1 '2004

AeHHoro B TOM >Ke rOAY, paccaarpaaanocs MaKeTHOI1 KOMIiICClilel1 iii YTBep>KAanOCb rnaBHOKOMaHAYIO~IiIM BBC. TeM caMblM Y3aKoHIiIBanlilcb HeKoTopble orcrynneuaa aT 06~IiIX Tpe6oBaHIiII1, '-IeM He npeMIiIHynlil socnoneaoearsca Ha 3aBOAe NQ 22, eunycsaeureu Ty-22.

3HaKIiI rocyaapcrseaaoa npIiIHaAne>KHOCTIiI (OCHoBHble onoaaaaareneasre 3HaKIiI)«pacaue n~TIiIKOHe'-lHble 3Be3Abi C 6enol1 iii KpaCHOI1 OKaHTOBKaMIiI - HaHOClilnlilCb B weCTIiI n031i141i1~X: Ha KPblnb~x CHIiI3Y iii csepxy iii C AByX CTOPOH Ha sepraxaneaoe onepesae. 3Be3Aa Ha Klilne pacnonaranacs TaKIiIM 06pa30M, '-IT06bl ee 4eHTp 6bln Ha yposae nonOBIiIHbl BblCOTbl pyns HanpaBneHIiI~, npa 3TOM ny'-llil 3Be3Abi He 3aXOAIiInlil Ha pynb BblCOTbl. AlilaMeTp Kpyra, onacasHOro aoxpyr 3Be3Abl, COCTaBn~n 1500 MM, WlilplilHa 6enol1 OKaHTOBKIiI - 40 MM, xpacH0I1-15 MM.

l_\eHTp 3Be3A Ha nnoCKOCT~X pacnonaranC~ Ha paccrosaaa 0,2 nonypaauaxa (4,6 M) or KOH40B KpblJla. Pa3Mep 3Be3A - 1200 MM,

WlilplilHa 6enol1 OKaHTOBKIiI - 25 MM, xpacH0I1-10 MM. MecTO pacnonoxeaas iii pasMep 3Be3A Ha KOHcon~x xpsma 6blnlil noA06paHbi TaK, '-IT06bl IiIX ny'-llil He aaxoaana Ha 3nepOHbl.

KpOMe 3HaKOB roCYAapCTBeHHOI1 npaHaAne>KHOCTIiI, Ha COBeTCKIiIX cavonerax HaHOClilnlilCb TaK Ha3blBaeMbie nonoru-aTenbHble onoaaaearensaue 3HaKIiI, B -racTHOCTIiI - ABY3Ha'-lHble 60pTOBbie HOMepa. Ha MaWIiIHax C YAllIiIHeHHOI1 HOCOBOI1 xacTblO, a y Ty-22 osa 6blna O'-leHb AnIilHHOI1, HOM epa HaHOClilnlilCb nepen KpblnOM. KpoMe roro, cornacao «Flonoxeaaio», Ha T~>KenblX 60M6apAlilpOB~IiIKax nonaranocs Ay6nlilpoBaTb 60PTOB0l1 HOMep Ha BepTIiIKanbHOM onepeHliI1iI «C AByX CTOPOH ssnue 3Be3Abl». Ha nepBblX Ceplill1HblX MaWIiIHax TaK iii 6b1n0. npaBAa, BblCOTa 41i1CPP 60prosoro HOM epa (900 MM, wlilplilHa - 2/3, a ronuiaaa nlilHIiII1- 1/6 3T0l1 ssrcoru) Ha cpI03en~>Ke 6blna 3aMeTHO MeHbwe rpe- 6yeMol1 «nonO>KeHlileM», iii snepena Hero HaHOClilnc~ 3aBOACK0l1 HOMep cavonera, BblnOnHeHHb111 WPIilCPTOM B 3-4 paaa MeHbWIiIM. 3aBoAcKol1 HOMep nosropancs iii Ha Klilne, HIiI>Ke 3Be3Abi. OAHaKo BCKOpe, no co06pa>KeHIiI~M cexperaocra, aaBOACKOI1 HOMep BOBce IiIC'-Ie3 C MaWIiIH ... BMeCTe C 60PTOBblM HOMepoM Ha cplO3en~>Ke, KOTOPblH nepeaecna Ha nepeAHliI11 ~IiITOK uracca,

MecTO pacnonoxeaas 60PTOBOro HOMepa Ha Klilne nepIiIOAIiI'-IeCKIiI MeH~nOCb. To ero HIiI>KH~~ rpauaua HaXOAlilnaCb Ha yposHe OKaHTOBKIiI sepxuero ny-ra 3Be3Abl, a caM HOMep 6bln CMe~eH Ha3aA, K pyrno BbICOTbl. To era HaHOClilnlil ssuue iii 6nlil>Ke K nepeAHel1 KpoMKe Kliln~ IiInlil eooouie paaveuiana Ha «nne-re» 3Be3Abi. Pa3Mep HaAnlilClil npa 3TOM ocrasanca nplilMepHo 0AHIiIM iii TeM >Ke - OKano 350 MM.

no «Flonoxe-uno» 60pTOBbie HOMepa paapeuranoce OKpaWIiIBaTb B KpaCHbll1, rony6011 IiInlil >KenTbll1 4BeT C '-IepHOI1 OKaHTOBKOI1. l_\BeT HOMepa noxaasisan npliIHaAne>KHOCTb cavonera K asaanonxy iii onpenensncs npIiIKa30M KOMaHAlilpa AIiIB1iI31i11i1. 06bl'-lHO IiIcnonb30BaHlile 4BeTOB Ha'-lIilHanoes C «pacuoro, 3aTeM wen CIiIHIiII1 iii noc-

Pa3MeU4eHue 0603Ha'leHUU 8 X80cm080U '1acmu MaWUHbl

ne,D,HI-1M - >KenTbllil. O,D,HaKO Ha BCeX 1-13BeCTHblX rpororpadiaax Ty-22 lIBeT 60PTOBOro HOMepa - KpaCHbllil. B03MO>KHO, 3TO 06bs:lCHs:leTCs:I OC06eHHOCTs:lMI-1 ,D,I-1CnOKalll-1l-1 1-1 nO,D,4I-1HeHHOCTI-1 aBl-1anOnKOB, BOOpY>KeHHblX Ty-22.

B COBeTCKOM COlO3e B Ml-1pHOe apevs «60pTOBas:l >KI-1BOnI-1Cb» s:lBns:lnaCb 60nbwolil pe,D,KOCTblO. Ocpl-1l1l-1anbHO paapeuianocs HaHOCI-1Tb TOnbKO 3HaK «OTnI-14Hbllil caaoner». OH npencraansn co601i1 CTl-1nI-130BaHHoe 1-1306pa>KeHl-1e peaKTI-1BHOrO cavonera Ha cpOHe KOHTypa ns:lTl-1yronbHI-1Ka. V1 TO, 1-1 npyroe asmonaanocs KpacHoliI xpacxoa. Taxoa 3HaK 03Ha4an OTnl-14HOe o6cnY>KI-1- BaHl-1e MaWI-1Hbl TeXHI-14eCKI-1M 3Kl-1na>KeM. Ocpl-1l1l-1anbHblM KOnl-14eCTBeHHbiM Kpl-1Tepl-1- eM 3TOro 6blna oueaxa TeXHI-14eCKOro COCTOs:lHI-1s:1 He HI-1>Ke 4,6 6anna B Te4eHI-1e nonyrona. 3HaK HaHOCl-1nl-1 Ha HOCOBOIiI 4aCTI-1 cpI03ens:l>Ka, KaK npaaano, Ha 6blBweM MeCTe 6opTOBoro HOMepa I-1nl-1 Ha 60KOBOM 1lI1-1TKe uiacca.

n03,£J,Hee Ha Ty-22 BCe-TaKI-1 nOs:lBl-1nl-1Cb I-1H,D,I-1BI-1,D,yanbHble 3M6neMbi. OHI-1 BCTpe4a-

Ha sepmUKanbHOM onepeuuu smoeo Ty-22K,q HaHeceH 6opmosou HOMep «34»; 3asodcKoU HOMep omcymcmeyem

3HaK «OmnU'IHbIU ceseonem» U 3M6neMa c opnoM Ha 60pmy Ty-22n, 1993 e. 06pamume SHUMaHue Ha 3aKpblmylO wmopKy-duacjJpaeMY sa no6osblM cmeKnOM nunomcKou Ka6uHbl. IlpueodUMaR s deucmsue nupOMexaHU3MOM, OHa dOnJKHa 6bma 3a~umumb enese nem-uuc« om scnblWKU RdepHoeo S3pb/sa

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nl-1Cb ,t:IByX Tl-1nOB: ,t:IpaKOHbl (341-11 nonx) l-1 opnu (203-11 l-1 121-11 nonxa). npl-1 3TOM cpena nepsux acrpe-ranacs l-1 rpexronoasre, HO cpena BTOPblX nayrnaaux He 6b1nO. HaHOCl-1nl-1Cb 3M6neMbi Ha 60PTY cpI03en51- xa, non cpOHapeM l-1, KaK npasano, con poBO>K,t:lanl-1Cb 3Be3,t:104KaMl-1, 0603Ha4aBWl-1Ml-1 KOnl-14eCTBO 60eBbiX asrneroe.

Ilocne paasana COBeTCKoro COlO3a 4aCTb Ty-22 ocrarracs Ha YKpal-1He. 4epe3 aexoropoe BpeM51 Ha Hl-1X saxpacana «pacHble 3Be3,t:1bl, a 3aTeM aa l-1X MeCTe n051Bl-1- nl-1Cb onoaaaaarensasre 3HaKl-1 «caveCTil1HOI1 YKpaiHbl» (nepaoro sapaaara): xerrro-ronyoue KOKap,t:lbl Ha Kpblnb51X l-1 nl-1Kl-1pyfOllIl-111 (a MO>KeT, na,t:lalOllIl-1l1) xenTbll1 COKon, OH >Ke rpeayoeu, Ha cpOHe rony6oro unrra C >KenTOI1 OKaHTOBKOI1.

E,t:Il-1HCTBeHHbIMl-1 Ty-22, OKpaweHHblMl-1 no-apyroey, 6blnl-1 "MaWl-1Hbl, npoaaaaste B

nl-1Bl-11O l-1 II1paK. 3Tl-1 cavoneru l-1Menl-1 ,t:IByX- On03HaaamenbHbiU 3HaK Ha «onconu Ty-22K,ll

IIBeTHYIO KaMycpn51>KHYIO ospacsy, aaarrrapOBaHHYIO K MeCTHOCTl-1 3Tl-1X crpaa.

J.1306paJKeHue opna Ha 60pmy Ty-22 U3 121-20 nonKa

JUITEPATYPA

_ t. A H r e 11 b C K t.1 i1 P. Cpeacrso AOCTaBKt.1. TexH~Ka t.1 eoopyxeaae, NQ9, 1997.

2. B a 11 e e B V1. Y11eTeBWt.1e HaBcerAa. Kasaus.

NQ3-4, 1999.

3. K 0 B 5 e H K 0 M. Bb150p. Ka3aHb, NQ3-4, 1999.

4.KoHcTaHTt.1HOB B., POMaHeHKo B., X a y C T 0 B A. CBepx3BYKOBoi1 AOnrO>Kt.1- Te11b. ABt.1allt.151 t.1 BpeM5I, N22, 1999.

5. ~ t.1 X 0 W 3. Caepxaayxoesre caMo11eTbl:'"M., . Mt.1p, 1'983. •

6.5'1 K Y 5 0 B t.14 H. Ty-22. M., 3KCnpt.1HT, 1999.

32

«ABHaKOMeKUIUI» NQ 1 '2004

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