Chapter 16 and 17 Study Guide

Survival of Incas and Aztecs without European intervention.

_________

Chinese dynasty succession.

The Mongol dynasty, Yuan, fell, locking the far east away from western civilization again. Spices were still imported,
but became more rare and valuable.

Reasons for Italy’s renaissance roots

The Renaissance began in Italy during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries as individuals challenged medieval
intellectual values and styles. Italy's urban, commercial economy and competitive state politics stimulated the new
movement. Petrarch and Boccaccio challenged established canons and wrote in Italian instead of Latin. They
emphasized secular topics such as love and pride. New realism appeared in painting, and religion declined as a central
focus. During the fifteenth century, the Renaissance blossomed further. In a great age of artistic accomplishment, da
Vinci and Michelangelo changed styles in art and sculpture. In political theory, Machiavelli advanced ideas similar to
those of the Chinese legalists. Historians favored critical thinking over divine intervention for explaining the past.
Examples were drawn from Greece and Rome. Humanism, a focus on humanity as the center of endeavor, was a
central focus. Renaissance ideas influenced politics and commerce. Merchants and bankers moved into profit-seeking
capitalist ways; city-state rulers sought new forms dedicated to advancing well-being.

Interaction of North American Colonists with Native Americans

[Columbian Exchange]

European contact with sub-Saharan Africa

_____________
Peninsulares
Dutch colonies in Africa
In South Africa, the Dutch founded Cape Town in 1652 as a
settlement for supplying ships on the way to southeastern Asia. The
settlers expanded into nearby regions where they met and fought Creoles
indigenous hunters and herding peoples. Later they began wars with
the Bantu.

Civilizations in the global trading network

Mestizos Mulattos

Development of states in the Iberian Peninsula

Native Americans/
Black Slaves