 General characteristics:

◦ Leaves: reticulated/ netted venation;

dorsiventral symmetry
◦ Stem: with axillary buds; vascular bundle in a
ring (eustele); exhibit secondary growth
◦ Root: tap root system; vascular bundle with
no pith (protostele)
◦ Flower: petals in multiples of 4/5s; with
tricolpate pollen
◦ Seeds: two cotyledon; exalbuminous; epigeal
germination
 Order Family Species

Caryophyllales Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis jalapa (4 O’clock plant)

Bougainvillea spectabilis

Polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus (Cadena de

amor)

Saxifragales Crassulaceae Kalanchoe pinnata (katakataka)

 Family Nyctaginaceae
◦ Mirabilis jalapa
◦ Bougainvillea spectabilis
 Family Polygonaceae
◦ Antigonon leptopus
 Family Crassulaceae
◦ Kalanchoe pinnata
 Order Family Species
Myrtales Myrtaceae Psidium guajava (guava)
Cucurbitales Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita maxima (squash)
Sapindales Rutaceae Citrus sinensis (orange)
Brassicales Caricaceae Carica papaya (papaya)
Fabales Fabaceae/Leguminosae Mimosa pudica (makahiya)
Malpighiales Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia hirta
Jatropha podagrica (coral plant)
Malvales Malvaceae Theobroma cacao (cacao)
Fagales Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia
Rosales Moraceae Morus alba (mullberry)
 Family Myrtaceae
◦ Psidium guajava
◦ Eucalyptus
◦ Syzygium (makopa, duhat)
◦ Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil)
 Family Cucurbitaceae
◦ Cucurbita maxima (squash)
◦ Citrullus vulgaris (watermelon)
◦ Cucumis sativus (cucumber)
 Family Rutaceae
◦ xCitrofortunella microcarpa (kalamansi)
◦ Citrus sinensis (orange)
 Family Caricaceae
◦ Carica papaya
 Family Fabaceae/ Leguminosae
◦ Mimosa pudica (makahiya)
◦ Caesalpinia pulcherrima (caballero)
 Family Euphorbiaceae
◦ Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia)
◦ Jatropha podagrica/ J. hastata
◦ Havea brasiliensis (rubber tree)
◦ Manihot esculenta (cassava)
◦ Ricinus communis
◦ Euphorbia hirta
 Family Malvaceae
◦ Theobroma cacao
◦ Cieba pentendra (kapok)
◦ Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)
◦ Gossypium (cotton)
◦ Corchorus (jute- burlap)
 Family Casuarinaceae
◦ Casuarina equisetifolia
 Family Moraceae
◦ Morus alba (mulberry)
◦ Artocarpus altilis (bread fruit/ camansi)
 Ex: P(3+3)A(3+3)G(3), inferior
 P(perianth); K(calyx); C(corolla);

A(androecium); G(gynoecium), ovary position

(inferior or superior);
 + means separate; ( ) means fused; [ ] means

rarely
 Meaning of the example: the petals and sepals are fused into
a perianth that is 2 layered and made up of 3 structures each,
the male part is bilayered with 3 stamen per layer, the female
part is one layer, with 3 pistils, the ovary is inferiorly
positioned.
 Used in reference books for plant classification
 Most of the pictures were downloaded from
www.flickr.com

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