Final Exam Formula Sheet

1 FVIFt, r = (1 + r) t
PVIFt, r = = (1 + r) - t
(1 + r) t

PVIFA t, r =
1
r
[
1 - (1 + r) - t ] FVIFA t, r =
1
r
[
(1 + r) t − 1 ]

PVIFA - Due t, r =
1
r
[ ]
1 - (1 + r) - t (1 + r) FVIFA - Due t, r =
1
r
[ ]
(1 + r) t − 1 (1 + r)

PV = FVe -rt (1 + rt ) t
ft = −1
(1 + rt-1 ) t-1
m 2
⎛ r ⎞ ⎡ q⎤ m
EAR = ⎜1 + ⎟ − 1 j = ⎢1 + ⎥ −1
⎝ m⎠ ⎣ 2⎦
(1 + r) t − (1 + g) t 1 ⎡ ⎛1+ g ⎞ ⎤
t
FVIFGA(r%, t, g) = PVIFGA(r, g, t) = ⎢1 − ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
r−g r - g ⎢⎣ ⎝ 1 + r ⎠ ⎥⎦
365
⎛ Interest+Fees-Savings ⎞ ⎡ ⎛ Interest+Fees-Savings ⎞ ⎤ Days to Maturity
⎜ Net Amount Borrowed ⎟ ⎢1+ ⎜ Net Amount Borrowed ⎟ ⎥ -1
⎝ ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦
F - P 365
Quoted Rate = ⋅
P Term

Pzero =
$Ft
Pcoup = $C ⋅
1
r
[
1 - (1 + r)- t +] $F
(1 + r) t
(1 + r) t

rn = rr + π + rrπ $F − Price
$C +
YTM = t
$F + Price
2
∞
D D ∞
D (1 + g) t D 0 (1 + g) D
P= ∑ (1 + r)
t =1
t
=
r
P=∑ 0
(1 + r) t
=
r-g
= 1
r-g
t =1

EPS1 Po Payout Ratio

Po = + NPVGO =
r EPS1 r-g
g = Retention ratio * ROE TP (1 + g) TP1
P= 0 =
g = (1-Payout ratio) * ROE r -g r -g
g = (1-o)*y
 Pt − Pt −1 C t Pt − Pt −1 D t
Return = + Return = +
Pt −1 Pt −1 Pt −1 Pt −1
COV(ri , r j )
ρ ij =
σi σ j

COV( ~r1 , ~r2 ) = Σ p i [r1i − E( ~r1 )][r2i − E( ~r2 )]

n
n

∑ p (r − E(r) )
2
i=1 σ= i i
i =1

Sample covariance Sample standard deviation

n
1
COV(~r1 , ~r2 ) = ∑ [r1i − r1 ][r2i − r2 ]
n
1
∑ n − 1(r − r )
2
σ=
i =1 n - 1
i
i =1

E(rp ) = x 1 ⋅ E(r1 ) + ... + x n ⋅ E(rn ) σ= x 2 σ 2a + (1 − x) 2 σ b2 + 2x(1 − x)ρ a, b σ a σ b

n
E(ri ) = R f + β i (E(rm ) − R f )
E(r1 ) = ∑p r
i =1
i 1i

⎡ E(r ) − R f ⎤ COV(ri , rm )
E(rp ) = R f + ⎢ m βi =
σm ⎥σ p σ m2
⎣ ⎦
E(ri ) - R f E(ri ) - R f
σi βi

β p = x 1 ⋅ β1 + ... + x n ⋅ β n σ i2 = β i2 ⋅ σ M2 + σ 2di .

365
⎛ Interest+Fees-Savings ⎞ ⎡ ⎛ Interest+Fees-Savings ⎞ ⎤ Days to Maturity
⎜ Net Amount Borrowed ⎟ ⎢1+ ⎜ Net Amount Borrowed ⎟ ⎥ -1
⎝ ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦
Free Cash Flow = Operating Cash Flow – Cap-Ex – Change in NWC
Free Cash Flow = Increase in Cash + Payments to claimholders
Current Assets
Current ratio
Current Liabilities
Current assets - Inventory
Quick ratio
Current liabilities
Cost of goods sold
Inventory turnover
Inventory
365 days
Days’ sales in inventory
Inventory turnover
Sales
Receivables turnover
Accounts receivable
 365 days
Days’ sales in receivables
Receivables turnover
Accounts Payable
Days’ Payables
Cogs/365
Sales
NWC turnover
NWC
NWC
NWC to Total Capital
Total Assets - Current Liabs.
Sales
Fixed asset turnover
Net fixed assets
Sales
Total asset turnover
Total assets
Total debt
Debt ratio
Total assets

Debt/equity ratio Total debt/Total equity

Equity multiplier Total assets/Total equity

EBIT
Times interest earned
Interest
Cash Flow
Cash Flow to Debt
Total Debt
Long - term tangible assets
Asset Coverage
Total Debt
Net income
Profit margin
Sales
Sales - Cost of Goods Sold
Gross Margin
Sales
Net income
Return on assets (ROA)
Total assets
Net income
Return on equity (ROE)
Total equity
Price per share
Price/earning ratio
Earnings per share
Market value per share
Market-to-book ratio
Book value per share
Dividends
Dividend Payout
Net Income
 Dividends per share
Dividend Yield
Market price per share
Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation
EBITDA
and Ammortization

Enterprise Value Market Capitalization + Total Debt - Cash