1.

7 LIGHT AND SIGHT

1.WE CAN SEE OBJECTS ONLY IF LIGHT FROM
THEM ENTERS OUR EYES.WITHOUT LIGHT, WE
CANNOT SEE AT ALL.
2.PROPERTIES OF LIGHT

3.THE PATH ALONG WHICH LIGHT TRAVELS IS

CALLED RAY. A RAY OF LIGHT IS REPRESENTED
BY A STRAIGHT LINE WITH AN ARROW TO
SHOW ITS DIRECTION.
 A RAY OF LIGHT

4.A BEAM OF LIGHT IS MADE UP OF A BUNDLE OF

RAYS. IT CAN BE PARALLE, DIVERGENT OR
CONVERGENT.

A PARALLEL BEAM OF
LIGHT

A DIVERGENT BEAM OF
LIGHT
 A CONVERGENT BEAM OF
LIGHT

BEAMS OF LIGHT
REFLECTION OF LIGHT
1.WHEN LIGHT HITS AN OPAQUE OBJECT, IT MAY
BE ABSORBED OR REFLECTED.
2.REFLECTION OF LIGHT OCCURS WHEN LIGHT
BOUNCES OFF THE SURFACE OF AN OBJECT.
a) THE INCIDENT RAY IS THE RAY OF
LIGHT THAT APPROACHES THE SURFACE.
b) THE REFLECTED RAY IS THERAY OF
LIGHT THAT BOUNCES OFF THE SURFACE.
3.WHEN THE LIGHT REFLECTED LIGHT ENTERS
OUR EYES, WE CAN SEE THE OBJECT.
4.THE AMOUNT AND DIRECTION OF THE
REFLECTED LIGHT DEPEND ON THE NATURE OF
THE SURFACE IT HITS.
5.MIRRORS, SHEETS OF GLASS AND POLISHED
METALS HAVE VERY SMOOTH SURFACES.
a) WHEN A PARALLEL BEAM OF LIGHT
HITS A VERY SMOOTH SURFACE, IT IS
REFLECTED AS A PARALLEL BEAM.
REGULAR REFLECTION IS SAID TO OCCUR.
b) IF ALL THE LIGHT THAT HITS A
SURFACEIS REFLECTED REGULARLY, SHARP
IMAGES WILL BE PRODUCED. THAT IS WHY
WE CAN SEE OUR IMAGE ON VERY SMOOTH
SURFACES.

REGULAR REFLECTION

DIFFUSE REFLECTION
6.OBJECTS SUCH AS PAPER, PAPER, CLOTH AND
WOOD APPEAR SMOOTH BUT THEY ARE
ACTUALLY QUITE ROUGH.
a) WHEN A PARALLEL BEAM OF LIGHT
HITS A ROUGH SURFACE, IT IS SCATTERED.
THE TINY BUMPS ON THE SURFACE CAUSE
REFLECTED LIGHT TO HEAD OFF IN ALL
DIRECTIONS. THIS TYPE OF REFLECTION IS
CALLED IRREGULAR OR DIFFUSE
REFLECTION.
b) THIS TYPE OF REFLECTED LIGHT ENABLES
US TO SEE THE OBJECT FROM ANY ANGLE.

7.PLANE MIRRORS ARE USUALLY USED TO

DEMONSTRATE REFLECTION BECAUSE THEIR
SMOOTH AND FLAT SURFACES REFLECT ALL
THE LIGHT DIRECTED AT IT IN A REGULAR AND
PREDICTABLE WAY.
 PLANE MIRROR

8.THE IMAGE ON A PLANE MIRROR

a) UPRIGHT
b) LATERALLY INVERTED (THE LEFT-HAND
SIDE OF THE OBJECT APPEARS ON THE
RIGHT-HAND SIDE OF THE IMAGE)
c)VIRTUAL (CANNIT BE FORMED ON A
SCREEN)
d) EQUAL IN SIZE AS THE OBJECT
e) AT THE SAME TIME DISTANCE FROM
THE MIRROR AS THE OBJECT
APPLICATIONS OF THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT IN
DAILY LIFE
• PLAIN MIRRORS ARE USED AT HOME IN
BATHROOMS AND BEDROOMS TO HELP IN
DRESSING AND COMBING. THEY ARE ALSO
USED AS REAR-VIEW MIRRORS IN A CAR.
• TWO PLANE MIRRORS ARE USED IN PERISCOPE
TO REFLECT AND CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF
LIGHT. PERISCOPES ARE USED IN SUBMARINES
TO SEE ABOVE THE WATER.

PERISCOPE
KALEIDOSCOPE