VI NI FI CAREA STRUGURI LOR

2%,(&7,9(850 5,7(

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RSHUD LLORU GH SUHOXFUDUH D PDWHULHL SULPH SDUDOHOH FX WUDQVIRUP ULOH ELRFKLPLFH DOH VXFXOXL –
PXVWXOXLHYLGHQ LLQGX VHHOHPHQWHOHOHJDWHGHUDQGDPHQWHGHIDEULFD LH
-

REZUMAT
$FHVW FDSLWRO vQFHSH FX XQ WUXQFKL FRPXQ GH HOHPHQWH GLQ YLWLFXOWXU  úL YLQLILFD LH

HYLGHQ LLQGX -se aspectele legate deprHOXFUDUHD XOWHULRDU  D VWUXJXULORU 'XS  H[SXQHUHD

VXFFHVLXQLL RSHUD LLORU GH WUDQVIRUPDUH D PDWHULHL SULPH –strugure în produs semifabricat-must,
VH FRQWLQX  GHWDOLHUHD SUHJ WLULL SURFHVXOXL GH IHUPHQWD LH DOFRROLF  SDUDOHO FX WUDQVIRUP ULOH GH

VWUXFWXU ce au loc în must.

6HWUDWHD] GHDVHPHQHDGLIHUHQ LDWSUHOXFUDUHDVWUXJXULORUDOELGHFHLURúLLúLDURPD L

CUVINTE SAU EXPRESII CHEIE:ERWULWL]DUHDVWUXJXULORUúLPXVWXLDOD

1. STRUGURII –0$7(5,(35,0 3(17589,1,),&$ ,(

Ca în oricare indusWULH úL vQ LQGXVWULD YLQLFRO  FXQRDúWHUHD PDWHULHL SULPH HVWH DEVROXW

QHFHVDU  vQWUXFkW QXPDL DúD HD SRDWH IL IRORVLW  vQ PRGXO FHO PDL DYDQWDMRV 5DPXUD GH úWLLQ 

FDUHVHRFXS FXVWXGLXOVWUXJXUHOXLSULYLQGX OFDPDWHULHSULP SHQWUXWUDQVIRUPDUHDOXL

- într-un
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ÌQ FDGUXO XYRORJLHL VH VWXGLD]  S U LOH FRPSRQHQWH DOH VWUXJXUHOXL UDSRUWXULOH FDQWLWDWLYH

úL QXPHULFH FH H[LVW  vQWUH DFHVWHD úL FRPSR]L LD ORU FKLPLF  3ULYLW  GLQ DFHVW SXQFW GH YHGHUH

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SHQWUX ILHFDUH VRL GLUHF LD GH IRORVLQ  FHD PDL DGHFYDW  VWUXJXUL GH PDV  SHQWUX VWDILGH VDX

struguri pentru vin) în carH VH SRW UHDOL]D SURGXVH GH EXQ  FDOLWDWH úL FX HILFLHQ  HFRQRPLF 

PD[LP  'H DVHPHQHD FDUDFWHUL]DUHD XYRORJLF  DMXW  OD DVRFLHUHD VRLXULORU vQ VRUWLPHQWH

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de SUHOXFUDUH DVWUXJXULORU vQ YHGHUHD RE LQHULL XQRU FDWHJRULL úL WLSXUL GHYLQ VDX DDOWRU SURGXVH
SH ED]  GH VWUXJXUL PXVW úL YLQ ÌQ ILQH XYRORJLD SHUPLWH V  VH FRPSDUH LQGLFLL FDQWLWDWLYL úL

calitativi ai produsului finit cu cei ai materiei prime din care a provenit, asigurând astfel
SRVLELOLWDWHDH[HUFLW ULLXQXLFRQWUROULJXURVDVXSUDSURFHVXOXLGHSURGXF LH

3 U LOHFRQVWLWXHQWHDOHVWUXJXUHOXLúLFRUHOD LDGLQWUHHOH

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GLQFDUHSURYLQHUDFHPFRPSXVILLQGFRQVWLWXLWGLQGRX S U LGLVWLQFWHFLRUFKLQHOHúLERDEHOH

&LRUFKLQHOH QXPLW úL VFKHOHWXO VWUXJXUHOXL HVWHIRUPDW GLQWU -un ax principal pe care sunt
LQVHUDWH UDPLILFD LLGHRUGLQXO,,LDUSHDFHVWHDGH RUGLQXO ,,,úLPDLUDU GHRUGLQXO,9,QVHUDUHD

ERDEHL OD FLRUFKLQH VH IDFH SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO XQHL FRGL H QXPLW  SHGLFHO vQ YkUIXO F UHLD VH DIO 

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úLVWDUHDILWRVDQLWDU DUHFROWHLFLRUFKLQLLUHSUH]LQW 
-10% din greutatea strugurilor.
Boaba sau fructul propriu-]LV HVWH R EDF  DOF WXLW  GLQ SLHOL  PLH] úL VHPLQ H ÌQ UDSRUW
GHJUHXWDWHDVWUXJXUHOXLERDEHOHUHSUH]LQW -98% .

3LHOL D sau epicarpXOUHSUH]LQW -GLQJUHXWDWHDERDEHLúLHVWHDOF WXLW GLQHSLGHUP 

úLKLSRGHUP (SLGHUPDHVWHFRQVWLWXLW GLQWU-XQVLQJXUVWUDWGHFHOXOHFXSHUH LLH[WHUQLvQJURúD L

DFRSHUL LGHFXWLFXO úLXQVWUDWGHFHDU FHFRQVWLWXLHDúDQXPLWDSUXLQ +LSRGHUPDHVWHIRUPDW 

din 7-VWUDWXULGHFHOXOHDOXQJLWHERJDWHvQVXEVWDQ HRGRUDQWHWDQDQWHúLFRORUDQWH

Miezul sau pulpa HVWH DOF WXLW GLQ PH]RFDUS úL HQGRFDUS Mezocarpul este format din
11-16 straturi de celule pline aproape în totalitate, cu suc vacuolar (must) bogat în zaharuri, acizi
RUJDQLFL V UXUL PLQHUDOH HWF &LWRSODVPD vQ FDUH HVWH VLWXD QXFOHXO VH J VHúWH VXE IRUPD XQXL

VWUDW VXE LUH OLSLW GH SHUH LL FHOXOHL /D FRDFHUH ODPHOD PHGLDQ  ILLQG GH QDWXU  SHFWLF  VH

JHOLILF ÌQYHFLQ WDWHDVHPLQ HORU FHOXOHOHVXQWPDL PLFLDOXQJLWHGHQVH úLPDLSX LQERJDWHvQ

]DKDUXUL HOH DOF WXLHVF ³LQLPD´ ERDEHL VDX HQGRFDUSXO FDUH SUDFWLF QX VH GLVWLQJH GH UHVWXO

SXOSHL /D PDWXULWDWHD GHSOLQ  SXOSD UHSUH]LQW   -88% din greutatea boabei, iar resturile de
SHUH LFHOXODULúLGHIDVFLFXOHOLEHUR OHPQRDVHFDUHFRQVWLWXLHSDUWHDVROLG DPLH]XOXLUHSUH]LQW 
-
SkQ ODGLQJUHXWDWHDOXL

6HPLQ HOHUHSUH]LQW  -6% din greutatea boabei.

7RDWH DFHVWH S U L FRQVWLWXWLYH DOH VWUXJXUHOXL úL ERDEHL GHRVHE ite între ele din punct de
YHGHUH PRUIRORJLF úL IL]LRORJLF VXQW GHQXPLWH XQLW L XYRORJLFH 'HWHUPLQDUHD ORU VXE UDSRUW

JUDYLPHWULF úL QXPHULF úL D UDSRUWXULORU vQ FDUH VH J VHVF XQHOH ID  GH DOWHOH FRQVWLWXLH RELHFWXO

analizei mecanice a strugurilor. PeED]DGDWHORURE LQXWHGLQDFHDVW DQDOL] HIHFWXDW RELúQXLWFX

DMXWRUXOXQRUEDODQ HWHKQLFHVHFDOFXOHD] RVHULHGHLQGLFLXYRORJLFLGLQWUHFDUHPDLLPSRUWDQ L

VXQW LQGLFHOH GH VWUXFWXU  D VWUXJXUHOXL LQGLFHOH ERDEHL LQGLFHOH GH FRPSR]L LH D ERDEHL úL

indicele de randament.
greutatea boabelor
,QGLFHOHGHVWUXFWXU DOVWUXJXUHOXL este dat de raportul úL
greutatea ciorchinelui
SUH]LQW  YDORUL FXSULQVH vQWUH  úL  YDORULOH PLFL ILLQG FDUDFWHULVWLFH VRLXULORU GH YLQ LDU FHOH

mari sunt proprii strugurilor pentru maV 

Indicele boabei UHVSHFWLY QXP UXO GH ERDEH OD  J VWUXJXUL HVWH PLF OD VRLXULOH GH

PDV XQGHSRDWHV FRERDUHSkQ ODúLPDUHODVRLXULOHGHYLQXQGHXQHRULGHS úHúWH

greutatea miezului
,QGLFHOHGHFRPSR]L LHDOERDEHL , dat de raportul
greutatea pielitei + greutatea semintelor
are valori cuprinse între 10-ODVRLXULOHSHQWUXPDV úLvQWUH -8 la cele pentru vin.

Indicele de randament, rezultat din raportul greutatea mustului/ greutatea tescovinei,

poate varia de la 2,5 la 5, cu o valoare medie GHILLQGPDLSX LQFDUDFWHULVWLFFDV ILHOXDWGUHSW
FULWHULX GH GHRVHELUH D VRLXULORU GH YLQ GH FHOH GH PDV  ÌQ VFKLPE DO WXUL GH LQGLFHOH GH

FRPSR]L LH DO ERDEHL HO RJOLQGHúWH ILGHO UDSRUWXO vQWUH HOHPHQWHOH SODVWLFH úL FHOH PHFDQLFH DOH

strugurelui.

1.2. Recoltarea strugurilor

1.2.1. Stabilirea momentului optim de cules
Problema stabiliri momentului optim de recoltare a constituit obiectul de studiu a multor
FHUFHW WRUL ÌQ SULQFLSLX HD UH]LG  vQ FXQRDúWHUHD úL DOHJHUH
a acelei date în cursul perioadei de
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QXPHURúL IDFWRUL GLQWUH FDUH R LPSRUWDQ  GHRVHELW  SUH]LQW  VWDUHD GH PDWXULWDWH D VWUXJXULORU

VWDUHDORUGHV Q WDWHFRQGL LLOHHFRQRPLFHPRGXOGHUHFROWDUHHWF

ƒ Starea de maturitate a strugurilor

3ULPXOIDFWRUFDUHFRQGL LRQHD] FDOLWDWHDVWUXJXULORUHVWHDúDFXPV DDU - tat, starea lor de
PDWXULWDWHÌQFHUFDUHDGHDGHILQLULJXURVDFHDVW QR LXQHHVWHGHVWXOGHDQHYRLRDV vQWUXFkWSHGH

R SDUWH SURFHVXO GH PDWXUD LH vQ DQVDPEOXO V X HVWH FRPSOH[ úL FRQGL LRQDW GH R SOXUDOLWDWH GH

IDFWRUL LDU SH GH DOW  SDUWH vQV úL VWDUHD GH PDWXULWDWH GLIHU  vQ IXQF LH GH GHVWLQD LD FDUH VH G 

VWUXJXULORUSUHFXPúLGHFDOLWDWHDSURGXVHORUFHWUHEXLHRE LQXWHGLQSUHOXFUDUHDORU

ƒ 0DWXULWDWHDIL]LRORJLF

$FHDVW  QR LXQH VH UHIHU  PDL DOHV OD VHPLQ H 6H FRQVLGHU  F  VWUXJXULL DX DWLQV DFHDVW 

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-
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încât, acestea din urP  GREkQGHVF PDL JUHX SRVLELOLWDWHD GH D JHUPLQD GHRDUHFH DSRUWXO

VXEVWDQ HORUQHFHVDUHSHQWUXFRPSOHWDORUGH]YROWDUHvQFHWHD] 

ƒ 0DWXULWDWHDGHSOLQ

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LQGLFD LLDVXSUDODWXULLFDOLWDWLYH

ƒ MDWXULWDWHDWHKQRORJLF
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VWUXJXULL GHVWLQD L FD PDWHULH SULP  SHQWUX YLQLILFDUH 6H FRQVLGHU  F  VWUXJXULL DX DWLQV

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H[HPSOX OD FHOH GHVWLQDWH RE LQHULL YLQXULORU SHQW ru distilare în vederea producerii de coniacuri,
GH PXOWH RUL HVWH DYDQWDMRV FD VWUXJXULL V  VH FXOHDJ  vQDLQWH GH WHUPHQXO PDWXUD LHL GHSOLQH úL

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RE LQHULL YLQXULORU SHQWUX FRQVXP ÌQ DOWH SRGJRULL GLQ FRQWUD HVWH DYDQWDMRV V  VH UHFROWH]H OD

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FRLQFLG  FX HD YLQXUL GH FRQVXP FXUHQW úL VXSHULRDUH VHFL VDX V  R XUPH]H YLQXUL GHPLVHFL

GHPLGXOFLúLGXOFLQDWXUDOH

ƒ 6XSUDPDWXUD LDVWUXJXULORU

3ULQ VXSUDPDWXUD LH QXPLW  úL SRVWPDWXUD LH VH vQ HOHJH R VWDUH FH XUPHD]  PDWXUD LHL

VWDUH vQ FDUH ERDEHOH VWUXJXUHOXL VXQW PDL PXOW VDX PDL SX LQ VWDILGLWH LDU VXFXO DFHVWRUD HVWH

SXWHUQLF FRQFHQWUDW 3URFHVXO GH VXSUDPDWXUDUH SRDWH DYHD ORF VXE DF LXQHD F OGXULL VRODUH VDX

DUWLILFLDOH SUHFXP úL GDWRULW  XQXL SURFHV GH ERWULWL zare. La rândul ei, supramaturarea sub
DF LXQHDF OGXULLVRODUHVHSRDWHGHVI úXUDvQFRQGL LLQDWXUDOHFkQGVWUXJXULLQXVXQWGHVSULQúLGH

SH EXWXF VDX vQ FRQGL LL DUWLILFLDOH FkQG VWUXJXULL VXQW FXOHúL úL DSRL H[SXúL OD VRDUH SH SDLH

URJRMLQLVDXJUtare din lemn.

Botritizarea strugurilor FD] SDUWLFXODU GH VXSUDPDWXUDUH HVWH FRQVHFLQ D LQIHFW ULL
boabelor cu miceliul de Botrytinia fuckeliana (De Bary). Wetzel. Aparatul vegetativ, respectiv
miceliul acestei ciuperci, este reprezentat printr-un tal filamentos. Din punct de vedere al
QXWUL LHL FLXSHUFD HVWH VDSURILW  IDFXOWDWLY HD vúL SHWUHFH R SDUWH GLQ YLD  vQ PRG VDSURILW SH

UHVWXUL RUJDQLFH DSRL GXS  FH FDS W  R DQXPLW  YLUXOHQ  GHYLQH SDUD]LW  SH GLIHULWH IUXFWH úL

îndeosebi pe boabele de struguri.

'H]YROWDUHD DFHVWHL FLXSHUFL VXE IRUP  GH SXWUHJDL FHQXúLX DUH ORF vQ PDMRULWDWHD

SRGJRULLOH úL DSURDSH OD WRDWH VRLXULOH ILLQG PDL IUHFYHQW  vQ ]RQHOH XPHGH GHFkW vQ FHOH XVFDWH

ÌQ XUPD S WUXQGHULL PLFHOLXOXL OD VXSUDID D SLHOL HL DSDU SHWH FLUFXODUH GH FXORDUH URúLH -viloacee
FDUHVHP UHVFSkQ FXSULQG vQWUHDJDERDE &XWLPSXO SLHOL DVHEUXQLILF VHGHVSULQGHXúRUGH

SXOS  LDU ERDED vQ DQVDPEOXO HL VH DFRSHU  FX SXI FHQXúLX FDUH DEVRDUEH úL UH LQH DSD vQWRFPDL

ca un burete. Când umiditateD DWPRVIHULF  GHS úHúWH  úL VH PHQ LQH ULGLFDW  PDL PXOW WLPS
iar temperatura este suficient de mare (20- 250& DWDFXO HYROXHD]  DWkW GH UDSLG vQFkW vQWUHDJD
UHFROW SRDWHILFRPSURPLV vQFkWHYD]LOH

3UH]HQ D FLXSHUFLL %RWU\WLQLD IXFNHOLQD VXE IRUP  GH SXWUHJDL QRELO HVWH VHPQDODW  vQ

IRDUWH SX LQH SRGJRULL úL QXPDL OD QXPLWH VRLXUL 'LQWUH FHOH HXURSHQH VHDPLQWHVF 6DXWWHUQHV–
)UDQ D OD VRLXULOH 6DXYLJQRQ úL 6HPLOORQ 5KHLQ -Gau- *HUPDQLD OD 5LHVOLQJ úL 7RNDM- Ungaria
OD)XUPLQWÌQ ULOH YLWLFROHVXGLFH VHvQWkOQHúWHúLPDL UDU/D QRLvQ DU SXWUHJDLXOQRELODSDUH

PDLIUHFYHQWODVRLXO*UDV vQSRGJRULLOH&RWQDULúL3LHWURDVHOH

7(+12/2*,$35(/8&5 5,,6758*85,/25

7HKQRORJLD SUHOXFU ULL VWUXJXULORU VDX YLQLILFD LD SURSULX ]LV  FXSULQ
- de un ansamblu de
RSHUD LLFDUHDVLJXU WUDQVIRUPDUHDVWUXJXULORUvQ YLQ ÌQXUPD YLQLILF ULLVHRE LQYLQXULDOEHVDX

URúLL GH XQGH úL H[LVWHQ D D GRX  PDUL OLQLL WHKQRORJLFH OLQLD GH YLQLILFD LH vQ DOE úL OLQLD GH

YLQLILFD LHvQURúXÌQFD]XOSURGXFHULLYLQXULORUDOEHPXVWXOVHVHSDU FkWPDLUDSLGGHERúWLQ úL

VH IHUPHQWHD]  VHSDUDW /D SURGXFHUHD YLQXULORU URúLL VHSDUDUHD OLFKLGXOXL VH HIHFWXHD]  GXS  FH
mustuiala a trecut printr-un proces de macerare-fermentare, proces ce trebuie luat în considerare
úLODHODERUDUHDYLQXULORUDURPDWHúLDFHORUUR]H

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SUHOXFUDUH OHQW  DSDUH LQIOXHQ D G XQ WRDUH D DHUXOXL úL WHPSHUDWXULL 0LFURRUJDQLVPHOH

vQGHRVHELFHOHSDWRJHQHVHvQPXO HVFUDSLGvQFkWDO WXULGHIHUPHQWD LDDOFRROLF VHGHVI úRDU úL

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DU WDWH VH UHFRPDQG  FD VWUXJXULL V  ILH YLQLILFD L FkW PDL UDSLG vQ PRG REOLJDWRULX vQ ]LXD

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FLUFD SDWUX RUH 'H DFHHD VH LPSXQH FD UHFROWDWXO WUDQVSRUWXO úL SUHOXFUDUHD VWUXJXULORU V  ILH

RUJDQL]DWHvQDúDPRGvQFkWvQWUHHOHV H[LVWHRGHSOLQ FRQFRUGDQ 

2.1. Zdrobitul strugurilor

Zdrobitul strXJXULORU FRQVW  vQ GLVWUXJHUHD LQWHJULW LL ERDEHORU vQ YHGHUHD HOLEHU ULL

VXFXOXLSHFDUHvOFRQ LQI U DI UkPL DSLHOL HOHVHPLQ HOHúLFLRUFKLQLLÌQXUPDDFHVWHLRSHUD LL

PLFURIORUDH[LVWHQW  SH VWUXJXUL HVWH GLVSHUVDW  vQ vQWUHDJD PDV  GHPXVWXLDO  'DF  VWUXJXULL QX

VXQW ]GUREL L VXFXO QX VH SRDWH WUDQVIRUPD vQ YLQ GHRDUHFH OHYXULOH SUH]HQWH vQ SULQFLSDO SH

VXSUDID DERDEHORUQX úLSRWH[HUFLWDDF LXQHDORUDVXSUDVXFXOXLvQFKLVvQERDE $HUD LDSURGXV 

-
vQ WLPSXO ]GURELULL IDYRUL]HD]  vQPXO LUHD OHYXULORU FDUH OD UkQGXO ORU GHWHUPLQ  R IHUPHQWDUH

UDSLG  úL XúRDU  D PXVWXOXL 'H DVHPHQHD GXS  ]GURELUH UHFROWD SRDWH IL XúRU YHKLFXODW  SULQ

SRPSDUHVXOILWDW vQWU XQPRGPDLRPRJHQLDUPDFHUD LDYHULJ LPSRUWDQW vQIOX[XOWHKQRORJLF

-
de prodXFHUH DO YLQXULORU URúLL úL DURPDWH DUH ORF vQ FRQGL LL RSWLPH GHRDUHFH VXSUDID D GLQWUH
ID]DOLFKLG úLVROLG HVWHPXOWP ULW 

2.2. Desciorchinatul strugurilor

Desciorchinatul strugurilor QXPLWvQF  úL GH]EURERQLW FRQVW  vQ GHWDúDUHD ERDEHORU GH

FLRUFKLQH úL HOLEHUDUHD VHSDUDW  D VXFXOXL úL ERDEHORU SH GH R SDUWH úL D FLRUFKLQLORU úL UHVWXULORU

YHJHWDOH SH GH DOW  SDUWH 2SRUWXQLWDWHD H[HFXW ULL DFHVWHL RSHUD LL GHSLQGH GH QXPHURúL IDFWRUL

GLQWUHFDUHXQUROSULQFLSDOvOMRDF FDWHJRULDúLUHVSHF
tiv tipul de vin proiectat a se produce.
Pentru vinurile albe desciorchinatul s-D GRYHGLW PDL SX LQ QHFHVDU vQWUXFkW LQIOXHQ D SH
FDUHRH[HUFLW SUH]HQ DFLRUFKLQHOXLDVXSUDFDOLW LLYLQXOXLHVWHQHVHPQLILFDWLY 3HGHDOW SDUWH

VHúWLHF DWXQFLFkQGUHFROWDHVWHQHGHVFLRUFKLQDW VFXUJHUHDPXVWXOXLúLSUHVDUHDERúWLQHLVHIDFH

FX PDL PXOW  XúXULQ  GHRDUHFH PXVWXLDOD DUH XQ JUDG GH HODVWLFLWDWH PDL ULGLFDW LDU FLRUFKLQLL

MRDF  UROXO XQRU F L GH GUHQDM0XVWXO RE LQXWDUH PDL SX LQ  EXUE  úL XQJXVW P ai bun decât cel
rezultat dintr-R PXVWXLDO  GHVFLRUFKLQDW  &UHúWHUHD FRQ LQXWXOXLvQ EXUE  úL DSDUL LD XQRU JXVWXUL

PDL SX LQ SO FXWH VH GDWRUHD]  I UkPL ULL úL VWULYLULL SDU LDOH D FRPSRQHQWHORU VROLGH vQ FXUVXO

GHVFLRUFKLQ ULL5LEHUHDX*D\RQ-úD 976).

6HDSUHFLD] vQV F GHVFLRUFKLQDWXOGHYLQHREOLJDWRULXFkQGUHFROWD]GURELW VWDJQHD] SH

SDUFXUVXO IOX[XOXL WHKQRORJLF XQ WLPS RDUHFDUH vQ VWDGLXO GH PXVWXLDO  VDX FkQG vQ VFKHPD

WHKQRORJLF HVWHSUHY ]XW úLRSHUD LXQHDGHPDFHUDUHvQYHGHUHDULGLF ULLFRQ LQXWXOXLYLQXOXLvQ

H[WUDFW ÌQ DVWIHO GH VLWXD LL VH LPSXQH GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO GHRDUHFH FLRUFKLQLL GLQ PXVWXLDO 

LQIOXHQ HD]  QHJDWLY FDOLWDWHD YLLWRUXOXL YLQ ÌQ ILQH GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO HVWH UHFRPDQGDELO úL DWXQFL

când ciorchinii nu sunt lignifica L GHRDUHFH SUH]HQ D ORU vQ PXVWXLDO  IDFH V  FUHDVF  FRQ LQXWXO

PXVWXOXL vQ FRPSXúL IHQROLFL vQ VSHFLDO vQ FHL R[LGDELOL SUHFXP úL vQ XQHOH V UXUL GH FDOFLX

potasiu etc.
3HQWUX YLQXULOH URúLL úL DURPDWH GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO V D GRYHGLW R RSHUD LH WHKQRORJLF 
-
LQGLVSHQVDELO  'LQWUH DYDQWDMHOH SH FDUH OH FUHHD]  VH PHQ LRQHD]  RE LQHUHD XQXL YROXP GH

PXVWXLDO PDLUHGXVLDUGHDLFLPDLSX LQ ERúWLQ GHPDQLSXODWúLSUHVDWúLPDLSX LQ WHVFRYLQ 

GH S VWUDW 3ULQ vQGHS UWDUHD FLRUFKLQLORU FLRUFKLQLL FH UHSUH]LQW    GLQ JUHXWDWH úL SkQ  OD
-
 GLQ YROXPXO UHFROWHL VH UHDOL]HD]  R HFRQRPLH GH YDVH úL GH VSD LX SHQWUX PDFHUDUH -
IHUPHQWDUH ,PSRUWDQ D GHVFLRUFKLQDWXOXL UH]LG  vQV  PDL DOHV vQ DFHHD F  YLQXULOH VH

vPEXQ W HVF GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH FDOLWDWLY au un grad alcoolic mai ridicat cu circa 0,5 vol.% ,
VXQW PDL LQWHQV FRORUDWH FHYD PDL DFLGH VH OLPSH]HVF XúRU úL QX VXQW OLSVLWH GH R DQXPLW 

VXSOH H úL ILQH H 0DFHUDUHD - IHUPHQWDUHD PXVWXLHOLL QHGHVFLRUFKLQDWH GHWHUPLQ  GLQ FRQWU 
RE LQHUHD GH YL nuri cu “gust ierbos” de ciorchine (mai ales când acesta este verde), bogate în
VXEVWDQ H DVWULQJHQWH úL FX R GXULWDWH SURQXQ DW  DWXQFL FkQG VXQW WLQHUH 6H OLPSH]HVF JUHX GLQ

FDX]D XQXL FRQ LQXW ULGLFDW vQ VXEVWDQ H D]RWDWH 'LPLQXDUHD FXORULL úL D JUDGX lui alcoolic se
GDWRUHD]  DEVRUE LHL DFHVWRUD GH F WUH FLRUFKLQL PDL DOHV FkQG VXQW OLJQLILFD L 6F GHUHD

DFLGLW LLVF GHUHFDUHSRDWHV DMXQJ SkQ ODJO+2 SO4VHH[SOLF SULQDFHHDF FLRUFKLQHOH

HVWH PDL SX LQ DFLG úL PDL ERJDW vQ SRWDVLX úL FDOFLX GHFkW VXFXO EREXOXL ÌQ ILQH SUH]HQ D

FLRUFKLQLORU vQ PXVWXLDO  FRQWULEXLH vQWU R DQXPLW  P VXU  úL OD SROXDUHD YLQXOXL FX GLIHULWH
-
SHVWLFLGH UH LQXWH vQ DVSHULW LOH DFHVWRUD FX RFD]LD WUDWDPHQWHORU GH FRPEDWHUH D EROLORU úL

G XQ WRULORU YL HL GH YLH 6H PHQ LRQHD]  F  úL GLVWLODWHOH RE LQXWH GLQ WHVFRYLQD FDUH FRQ LQH

FLRUFKLQL VXQW FDOLWDWLY PDL VODEH 7RDWH DFHVWH DVSHFWH DX GHWHUPLQDW FD GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO V  ILH

DSUHFLDW FD R RSHUD LH WHKQRORJLF  XWLO  SHQWUX SURGXFHUHD YLQXULORU DURPDWH úL D FHORU URúLL

VXSHULRDUHIDFXOWDWLY SHQWUXYLQXULOHURúLLGHFRQVXPFXUHQWúLREOLJDWRULHDWXQFLFkQGVWUXJXULL

SULQ QDWXUD VRLXOXL GLQ FDUH SURYLQ GDX YLQXUL DVSUH DVWULQJHQWH SUHFXP úL vQ FD]XO XQXL FXOHV

WLPSXULXFkQGFLRUFKLQLLVXQWvQF LHUEDFHL

2.3. Tratamente aplicate mustuielii

0XVWXLDOD UH]XOWDW  GLQ SUHOXFUDUHD VWUXJXULORU WUHEXLH SURWHMDW  ID  GH DF LXQHD

G XQ WRDUH DDHUXOXL SUHFXP úL vPSRWULYD PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU SDWRJHQH 3URWHF LD VH LPSXQH PDL

DOHVFkQGUHFROWDHVWHDWLQV GHSXWUHJDLXOFHQXúLXVDXLQYDGDW GHGLIHULWHPXFHJDLXULSUHFXPúL

DWXQFLFkQGVWD LRQDUHDHLvQVWDGLXOGHPXVWXLDO GHS úHúWHXQDQXPLWWHUPHQ

,QIOXHQ D R[LJHQXOXL GLQ DHU DVXSUD PXVWXLHOLL HVWH IRDUWH SXWHUQLF  vQGHRVHEL FkQG

aceasta provine din struguri albi 'DF  QX VH LDX P VXUL GH SURWHMDUH DURPD PXVWXOXL VH

GHQDWXUHD] IUXFWXR]LWDWHDVHGLVWUXJHLDUFXORDUHDGHYLQHGLQFHvQFHPDLvQFKLV (IHFWXOHVWHúL

PDL SURQXQ DW vQ FRQGL LLOH vQ FDUH ID]D OLFKLG  GLQ PXVWXLDO  U PkQH vQWU R FDQWLWDWH PDL PLF 
-
fa  GH FHD LQL LDO  IDSW FH VH REVHUY  OD VFXUJHUHD PXVWXOXL úL SUHVDUHD ERúWLQHL ÌQ FD]XO

VWUXJXULORUQHJULR[LGDUHDHVWHPDLSX LQSHULFXORDV GHRDUHFHPXVWXLDODHVWHSDU LDOSURWHMDW GH

SUH]HQ DVXEVWDQ HORUWDQDQWHFDUHMRDF XQURODQWLR[LGDQW

PHQWUX D HYLWD XUP ULOH QHIDVWH DOH R[LG ULL FHO PDL ELQH DU IL FD PXVWXLDOD V  QX YLQ  vQ

FRQWDFW FX DHUXO ÌQ SUDFWLF  vQV  DFHVWOXFUX QXHVWH SRVLELO GHRDUHFH vQFHSkQG GHOD ]GURELUHD

VWUXJXULORU úL SkQ  OD vPEXWHOLHUHD YLQXOXL PDMRULWDWHD RSHUD LXQLORU SH FDUH OH UHFODP  IOX[XO

WHKQRORJLF VXQW vQVR LWH PDL PXOW VDX PDL SX LQ GH XQ SURFHV GH R[LJHQDUH 'LQ DFHVWH PRWLYH

DSOLFDUHD XQRU WUDWDPHQWH vQ YHGHUHD DQLKLO ULL HIHFWXOXL G XQ WRU DO R[LJHQXOXL GHYLQH

REOLJDWRULH 3URWHF LD HVWH QHFHVDU  vQGHRVHEL vQ WLPSXO YLQLILF ULL GHRDUHFH vQ DFHVW VWDGLX

UHFROWD HVWH PXOW PDL VHQVLELO  OD R[LGDUH GHFkW XOWHULRU FkQG HVWH WUDQVIRUPDW  vQ YLQ 'H

DVHPHQHDSUH]HQ DR[LGRUHGXFWD]HORUvQWU RSURSRU LHPDLULGLFDW SHS U LOHVROLGHGHFkWvQVXF

-
GHWHUPLQ FD PXVWXLDODV DEVRDUE  GH -4 ori mai mult oxigen decât mustul. Astfel, s-a constat

F OD PLQXWHGHOD]GURELUHDVWUXJXULORUFDQWLWDWHDGHR[LJHQGL]ROYDW vQPXVWXLDO SRDWHV 

-
DMXQJ OD PJO$FHVWIDSWUHOLHIHD] F vQWHKQRORJLDSURGXFHU
- ii vinurilor albe separarea
PXVWXOXL GH ERúWLQ  WUHEXLH I FXW  FkW PDL UDSLG ([LVWHQ D vQ PXVWXLDO  D UHVWXULORU GH IUXQ]H úL

O VWDUL DúD FXP VH vQWkPSO  XQHRUL vQ FD]XO UHFROWDWXOXL PHFDQL]DW LQWHQVLILF  GH  -3 ori
activitatea oxidorectazelor. De aceea XQLL DXWRUL UHFRPDQG  GHIROLHUHD EXWXFLORU vQDLQWH GH

LQWURGXFHUHDvQSODQWD LHDFRPELQHORUGHUHFROWDW'DWXQDVFKYLOL(1úL0LGGDG]H5.

'LQWUH  WUDWDPHQWHOH FX URO DQWLR[LGDQW FDUH VH DSOLF  PXVWXLHOLL FHO PDL HILFDFH úL PDL

generalizat vQ SURGXF LD YLQLFRO V -a dovedit sulfitarea. Prin administrare de SO2 în timpul sau
LPHGLDW GXS  RE LQHUHD PXVWXLHOLL HQ]LPHOH FDUH FDWDOL]HD]  UHDF LLOH GH R[LGRUHGXFHUH

UHVSRQVDELOH GH EUXQLILFDUHD PXVWXOXL úL GH DOWH PRGLILF UL QHGRULWH VXQW SXVH v n stare de
LQDFWLYLWDWH/DGR]HOHvQFDUHVHXWLOL]HD]  JKOELR[LGXOGHVXOIGHWHUPLQ GHDVHPHQHD
-
R LQDFWLYLWDWH GH VFXUW  GXUDW  D OHYXULORU úL GHFL R vQWkU]LHUH vQ GHFODQúDUHD IHUPHQWD LHL

DOFRROLFH SUHFXP úL R GLVWUXJHUH SDU LDO  D EDFWHULLORU UHVSRQVDELOH GH DSDUL LD XQRU IHUPHQWD LL

QHGRULWHDFHWLF PDQLWLF ODFWLF HWF6 DFRQVWDWDWvQVFKLPEF 622QXvPSLHGLF PDFHUD LD
-
FLGLQFRQWU RIDYRUL]HD] PDLDOHVDWXQFLFkQGJUDGXOGHVXOILWDUHHVWHULGLFDW

Oxidarea mustuielii sH PDL SRDWH SUHYHQL úL FX DMXWRUXO &22. În acest sens, trebuie
PHQ LRQDW IDSWXO F  LQGXVWULD YLQLFRO  D vQFHSXW V  IRORVHDVF  PDúLQL úL LQVWDOD LL DVWIHO HFKLSDWH

vQFkWRSHUD LLOHFHOHUHYLQ]GURELUHSUHVDUHHWFOHHIHFWXHD] vQDWPRVIHU GHJD]FDUE

onic, gaz
ce poate proveni dintr-o butelie sau de la un vas cu must în fermentare. Inconvenientul acestei
WHKQRORJLL FRQVW  vQ IDSWXO F  UHFROWD SUHOXFUDW  vQ PRPHQWXO FkQG YLQH vQ FRQWDFW FX DHUXO HVWH

YLROHQWR[LGDW LDUXUP ULOHVXQWúLPDLGLILFLOGH corectat.

3HQWUX LQDFWLYDUHD PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU vQ YHGHUHD HYLW ULL XQHL IHUPHQWD LL WLPSXULL V -ar
PDL SXWHD IRORVL úL WUDWDPHQWXO FX IULJ 3H OkQJ  XQ FRQVXP PDUH GH HQHUJLH LPSXV GH

IXQF LRQDUHD LQVWDOD LLORU IULJRULILFH WUDWDPHQWXO DUH úL LQFRQYHQLHQWXO F  IDYRUL]HD]  GL]ROYDUHD

XQRUFDQWLW LPDULGHR[LJHQvQPDVDGHPXVWXLDO 

ÌQ DIDUD WUDWDPHQWHORU DSOLFDWH FX VFRSXO GH D GLPLQXD LQIOXHQ D G XQ WRDUH D R[LJHQXOXL

úL D PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU PXVWXLDOD PDL SRDWH IL WUDWDW  úL FX GLIHULWH SUHSDUDWH HQ]L matice:
SHFWROLWLFH úL SURWHROLWLFH $GDXVXO VXSOLPHQWDU GH HQ]LPH DO WXUL GH FHOH H[LVWHQWH vQ PRG

QDWXUDOvQPXVWXLDO FRQGXFH ODR KLGUROL]  PDLUDSLG D VXEVWDQ HORUSHFWLFHúLDFHORUSURWHLFH

Transformarea lor din macromolecule coloidale în substaQ H FX PROHFXOHPDL PLFL GHWHUPLQ  R

PDL UDSLG  HOLEHUDUH D VXFXOXL GLQ FHOXOH D VXEVWDQ HORU FRORUDWH úL DURPDWH R PLFúRUDUH D

YkVFR]LW LLPXVWXOXLLDUFDXUPDUHVHvPEXQ W HúWHFDOLWDWHDJUDGXOGHVFXUJHUHúLUDQGDPHQWXO

în must.

2.4. Separarea mXVWXOXLGHERúWLQ

ÌQWHKQRORJLDSURGXFHULLYLQXULORUDOEHVSHUDUHDPXVWXOXLGLQUHFROWD]GURELW FXVDXI U 

GHVFLRUFKLQL]DUHHVWHRRSHUD LHHVHQ LDO úLGHPDUHLQIOXHQ DVXSUDFDOLW LL2ELúQXLWOXFUDUHD

VH HIHFWXHD]  vQ GRX  HWDSH FDUH VH VXFFHG FX VDX I U  vQWUHUXSHUH vQ IXQF LH GH LQVWDOD LLOH FX

DMXWRUXOF URUDVHUHDOL]HD] ÌQSULPDHWDS PXVWXOVHVHSDU GHFRPSRQHQWHOHVROLGHFXFDUHVH

J VHúWH vQ FRQWDFW SULQ VFXUJHUH LDU vQ D GRXD HWDS  SULQ SUHVDUHD ERúWLQHL 0XVWXO UH]XOWDW vQ

pULPDHWDS SRDUW QXPHOHGHPXVWUDYDFLDUFHOGLQDGRX PXVWGHSUHV 

ƒ Separarea mustului prin scurgere

(VWHRSHUD LDFDUHSUHFHGHúLXúXUHD] SUHVDUHDERúWLQHL6FXUJHUHDSRDWHDYHDORFvQPRG

VSRQWDQ SH FDOH JUDYLWD LRQDO  VDX SRDWH IL SURYRFDW  FkQG HVWH FXQRVFXW  úL VXE QXPHOH GH

VFXUJHUHLQWHQVLILFDW ÌQDPEHOHVLWXD LL RSHUD LD VHUHDOL]HD] FX DMXWRUXOXQRULQVWDOD LLQXPLWH

VFXUJ WRDUH FDUH SRWIL VWDWLFH SDVLYH VDX GLQDPLFH DFWLYH 3ULPHOHIXQF LRQHD]  GLVFRQWLQXX

cele din a doua categorie, continuu.

ƒ Separarea mustului prin presare

3UHVDUHDHVWHXOWLPD RSHUD LXQH GLQSURFHVXOGH SUHOXFUDUHDVWUXJXULORU&XDMXWRUXOHLVH

H[WUDJH IUDF LXQHD GH PXVW FDUH LPSUHJQHD]  ERúWLQD GXS  VFXUJHUH 2SHUD LD WUHEXLH DVWIHO

FRQGXV  vQFkW GLQ ERúWLQ  V  VH H[WUDJ  QXPDL VXFXO GXOFH HOLEHUDW FX RFD]LD ]GURELULL GLQ

YDFXROHOHFHOXOHORUSXOSHLQXúLFHOGLQSLHOL HFDUHLPSULP XQJXVWLHUEDFHXDVWULQJHQWúLDPDU

0XVWXOUH]XOWDWQXPLWúLPXVWGHSUHV HVWHPDLOLPSHGHGHFkWFHOGHODVFXUJ eri, în special de la

VFXUJHULOHSURYRFDWHFHHDFHvQVHDPQ F SULQSUHVDUHVHUHDOL]HD] úLRRDUHFDUHILOWUDUH

/DYLQLILFD LDvQDOESUHVDUHDVHIDFHFkQGERúWLQDHVWHSURDVS W ODYLQLILFD LDvQURúXVH

HIHFWXHD]  GXS  PDFHUDUH IHUPHQWDUH DúD F  GLQ DFHVW SXQFW GH YHGHUH vQWUH FHOH GRX  PRGXUL
-
GHSUHVDUHH[LVW XQHOHGHRVHELUL
 ÌQSULPXOFD]SUHVDUHDVHUHDOL]HD] PDLJUHXSRUQLQGGHODDFHHDúLFDQWLWDWHGHVWUXJXUL

YROXPXOGHERúWLQ FDUHVHSUHVHD] HVWHPDLPDUHVFXUJHUHDOLFKLGXOXLHVWHPXOWPDLDQHYRLRDV 

GLQFDX]DFRQ LQXWXOXLULGLFDWGH]DK UúLvQSHFWLQHvQF GHKLGUROL]DWHERúWLQDHVWHPDLERJDW vQ

PXFLODJLLLDUFkQGUHFROWDDIRVWPXFHJ LW HDIRUPHD] RPDV FRPSDFW DSURDSHLPSHUPHDELO 

SUHVDUHD SUH]LQW  XQ FDUDFWHU GH XUJHQ  HIHFWXDW  PDL WkU]LX GH OD WHUPLQDUHD VFXUJHULL

LQIOXHQ HD]  QHIDYRUDELOFRPSR]L LD úL FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH YLQXULORU PDLDOHV OD FHOH VXSHULRDUH XQGH

GXUDWDFRQWDFWXOXLPXVWXOXLFXPDWHULDOHOHVROLGHVHFHUHV ILHFkWPDLUHGXV GDF VWUXJXULLVXQW

alterD LXUJHQ DSUHV ULLSUH]LQW RLPSRUWDQ úLPDLPDUH

/D YLQLILFD LD vQ URúX SUHVDUHD VH HIHFWXHD]  SH P VXUD WHUPLQ ULL PDFHUD LHL -
IHUPHQWD LHL úL WUDJHULL YLQXOXL GH SH ERúWLQ  &RPSR]L LD úL FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH YLQXOXL VXQW

LQIOXHQ DWH GH FRQGL LLOH úL GXUDWD SURFHVXOXL GH PDFHUD LH IHUPHQWD LH úL PDL SX LQ VDX GHORF GH
-
WLPSXOúLPRGXOFXPV -a efectuat presarea.

2.5. Randamentul în must la prelucrarea strugurilor

5DQGDPHQWXOUHVSHFWLYSURFHQWXOGHPXVWFHUH]XOWDW GLQSUHOXFUDUHDVWUXJXULORUYDULD] 

vQ OLPLWH ODUJL ILLQG LQIOXHQ DW GH QXPHURúL IDFWRUL 'LQWUH DFHúWLD VH DPLQWHVF VRLXO JUDGXO GH

PDWXULWDWH úL VWDUHD GH V Q WDWH D VWUXJXULORU WHKQRORJLD GH SUHOXFUDUH úL WLSXO PDúLQLORU XWLOL]DWH

&RWHD'9úD

ÌQ DUD QRDVWU  UDQGDPHQWXO vQ PXVW FD GH DOWIHO úL VF ] PLQWHOH FH VH DFRUG  OD

prelucrarea strugurilor sunt reglementate printr-un act normativ elaborat de Ministerul

$JULFXOWXULL úL ,QGXVWULHL $OLPHQWDUH 0$,$ &RQIRUP DFHVWXL QRUPDWLY vQWRFPLW SH ED]D

rezultatelor de SURGXF LH FRURERUDWH FX FHOH RE LQXWH vQ XUPD YHULILF ULORU H[SHULPHQWDOH GLQ

SUHOXFUDUHDD.JVWUXJXULGLQYL DOWRLW úLLQGLJHQ WUHEXLHV UH]XOWH

- 3 kg must, când
VHOXFUHD]  FXSUHVH KLGUDXOLFHPHFDQR -KLGUDXOLFHúLSQHXPDWLFHúL- 3 kg când presarea

VHIDFHFXSUHVHFRQWLQXL6F ] PLQWHOHFDUHVHDFRUG ODSUHOXFUDUHUHSUH]LQW vQPHGLH

Randamentele de 76%, respectiv 83,5% sunt valabile numai pentru anii normali de
UHFROW  úL FkQG VWUXJXULL VXQW V Q WRúL ÌQ FD]XO DQLORU VHFHWRúL VDX FkQG VWUXJXULL VXQW DYDULD L

GDWRULW  JULQGLQHL DWDFXOXL GH PXFHJDL PDQ  I LQD HWF XQLW LOH GH YLQLILFD LH vPSUHXQ  FX

GHOHJDWXO IRUXOXL WXWHODU YRU HIHFWXD H[SHULPHQW UL vQ YHGHUHD VWDELOLULL UDQGDPHQWXOXL VSHFLILF

recoltei care se prelucUHD] 

ÌQSUDFWLFDYLQLFRO PXVWXOUH]XOWDWVHFROHFWHD] GHRELFHLVHSDUDWvQWUHLFDWHJRULLDF URU

GHQXPLULúLSURSRU LLID GHFDQWLWDWHDWRWDO FRQVLGHUDW VXQWXUP WRDUHOH

DPXVWUDYDFFDUHvQPHGLHUHSUH]LQW 

E PXVW GH SUHV  FDU e este în medie într-R SURSRU LH GH  vQJOREHD]  PXVWXO RE LQXW

GH OD SUHVDUHD , úL D ,, D vQ FD]XO SUHVHORU GLVFRQWLQXL úL GH OD úWX XO , úL ,, FkQG VH IRORVHVF
-
presele continui;
FPXVWGHODXOWLPDSUHVDUHvQSURSRU LHGHFRUHVSXQ]kQGvQFD]X l preselor continui
FXFHOGHODúWX XO,,,

3URSRU LLOH DFHVWRU PXVWXUL QXPLWH vQ PRG VLPSOX úL PXVWXUL D E F QX VXQW DEVROXW

FRQVWDQWHFLYDULD] vQIXQF LHGHVRLDQGHUHFROW JUDGXOGHPDWXULWDWHDOVWUXJXULORUGHPRGXO

cum s-au efectuat opera LLOHGH]GURELUHúLGHVFLRUFKLQDUHGHWLSXOSUHVHORUúLWHKQLFDSUHV ULLHWF

$úD GH H[HPSOX FkQG VWUXJXULL QX VXQW ELQH FRS L SURSRU LD PXVWXOXL UDYDF VH PLFúRUHD] 

P ULQGX VH vQ VFKLPE SURSRU LD PXVWXOXL GH SUHV  3ULQ IRORVLUHD ]GURELWXOXL FHQWULI
- ugal se
P UHúWHSURSRU LDPXVWXOXLUDYDFúLVFDGHFHOGHODSUHV HWF

3H ED]D GDWHORU GH PDL VXV FRURERUDWH FX YDORDUHD GHQVLW LL VXFXOXL SURDVS W H[WUDV VH

FDOFXOHD]  FDQWLWDWHD GH PXVW vQ OLWUL DGLF  vQ XQLWDWHD GH P VXU  FX FDUH HVWH JHVWLRQDW

trDQVSRUWDWOLYUDWYkQGXWHWF'HH[HPSOXGDF VHSRUQHúWHGHODXQUDQGDPHQWPHGLXGHúL

PXVWXO UH]XOWDW DUH FRQFHQWUD LH vQ ]DKDUXUL GH  JO FHHD FH vQVHDPQ  F  YDORDUHD GHQVLW LL
3
este de 1,075 g/cm , atunci din prelucrarea a 100 kg struguri re]XOW   OLWUL PXVW GLQ FDUH

 OLWUL PXVW UDYDF   OLWUL PXVW GH SUHV   úL  OLWUL PXVW GH OD XOWLPD

presare (10%).
 7(+12/2*,$35(/8&5 5,,08678/8,

$O WXULGHWHKQRORJLDGHSUHOXFUDUHDVWUXJXULORUODFDOLWDWHDYLLWRUXOXLYL n mai contribuie

úL OXFU ULOH FH VH DSOLF  PXVWXOXL vQDLQWH GH IHUPHQWDUH 'LQWUH DFHVWHD XQHOH FD DVDPEODUHD

FXSDMDUHD úL GHEXUEDUHD VXQW FRQVLGHUDWH FD RSHUD LL WHKQRORJLFH ILUHúWL vQWRFPDL FD úL ]GURELUHD

GHVFLRUFKLQDUHD HWF FH VH HIHFWXHD]  vQ FDGU ul fluxului tehnologic de prelucrare a strugurilor.
$OWHOH GHVHPQDWH VXE QXPHOH GH WUDWDPHQWH VH IDF FX VFRSXO GH D SUHYHQL VDX GH vQO WXUD

HYHQWXDOHOH GHIHF LXQL GDWRUDWH R[LG ULL SUH]HQ HL vQ H[FHV D SURWHLQHORU HQ]LPHORU HWF ÌQ ILQH

tot în cadrul RSHUD LLORU FH VH DSOLF  PXVWXOXL vQDLQWH GH IHUPHQWDUH WUHEXLH vQFDGUDWH úL OXFU ULOH

GH FRUHF LH D XQRU GHILFLHQ H GH FRPSR]L LH FX DMXWRUXO F URUD VH P UHúWH VDX VH PLFúRUHD] 

FRQFHQWUD LDSULQFLSDOHORUFRPSRQHQWH]DKDUXULDFL]LúLHYHQWXDOVXEVWDQ H tanante.

7RDWHDFHVWHOXFU ULVXVPHQ LRQDWHVHIDFFXVFRSXOGHDVHRE LQHvQILQDOXQYLQV Q WRV

ELQHFRQVWLWXLWúLHFKLOLEUDW

2SHUD LLWHKQRORJLFHDSOLFDWHPXVWXOXLvQDLQWHGHIHUPHQWDUH

3HQWUX UHDOL]DUHD XQXL YLQ DUPRQLF FRQVWLWXLW úL V Q WRV XQHRUL HVWH QHFHVDU FD vQDLQWH

IHUPHQW ULLV VHHIHFWXH]HDVDPEODUHDúLFXSDMDUHDPXVWXULORUFXFDUDFWHULVWLFLGLIHULWHSUHFXPúL

deburbarea acestora.

ƒ Asamblarea musturilor
5HXQLUHDPXVWXOXLUDYDFFXFHOGHSUHV úLHYHQWXDOFXPXVWXOGHODXOWLPDSUHVDUHSRDUW 

QXPHOH GH DVDPEODUH 2SHUD LXQHD FDUH QX vQWRWGHDXQD HVWH QHFHVDU  VH HIHFWXHD]  GLIHUHQ LDW

vQUDSRUWGHSDUWLFXODULW LOHSHFDUHOHSUH]LQW ILHFDUHIUDF LXQHGHPXVWSUHFXPúLvQIXQF LHGH

tipul de vin ce trebuie realizat.

Un alt FULWHULX GH FDUH WUHEXLH V  VH LQ  VHDPD DWXQFL FkQG VH H[HFXW  RSHUD LXQHD GH
DVDPEODUHHVWHDúDGXS FXPV-DDU WDWúLWLSXOGHYLQFHWUHEXLHUHDOL]DWÌQDFHDVW SULYLQ HVWH

XQDQLP UHFXQRVFXW F  SHQWUX SURGXFHUHD YLQXULORU GH PDUH ILQH H VDX D FHOor ce vor constitui

PDWHULH SULP  SHQWUX SUHSDUDUHD YLQXULORU VSXPDQWH VH YD IRORVL QXPDL PXVWXO UDYDF 0XVWXO

UH]XOWDWGLQDPHVWHFDUHDFHORUODOWH GRX IUDF LXQLEúLFYDILIHUPHQWDWVHSDUDWFXVFRSXO GHDL

VHGDDOW vQWUHEXLQ DUH

ƒ Cupajarea musturilor
$PHVWHFDUHD XQXL PXVW FX DOWXO SURYHQLW GH OD XQ VRL PDL YDORURV vQ YHGHUHD ULGLF ULL

FDOLW LLSULPXOXLSRDUW QXPHOHGHFXSDMDUH2SHUD LDFDDWDUHQXFRQVWLWXLHRYHULJ WHKQRORJLF 

QHFHVDU  FL GLQ FRQWU  HVWH FKLDU FRQWUDLQGLFDW  GHRDUHFH FDUDF terul vinului rezultat este mai
SX LQ GHILQLW 8QHRUL VH DGDXJ  WRWXúL vQ PXVWXUL FX JXVW úL PLURV QDWXUDO -10% must provenit

dintr-un soi puternic aromat. Efectuându-VH vQDLQWH GH IHUPHQWDUH DVHPHQHD LQWHUYHQ LH SUH]LQW 
DYDQWDMXO F  VH SRDWH SOHFD GH OD vQFHSXW FX XQ YLQ WkQ U PDL DURPLF GHFkW FHO FDUH DU UH]XOWD

ulterior din combinarea partenerilor ce au fermentat separat.

ƒ Deburbarea mustului
0XVWXO RE LQXW GLQ SUHOXFUDUHD VWUXJXULORU FRQ LQH vQ VXVSHQVLH LPSXULW L VROLGH FDUH

LPSULP  DFHVWXLD XQ DQXPLW JUDG GH WXOEXUHDO  $QVDPEOXO WXWXURU DFHVWRU LPSXULW L SRDUW 

QXPHOH GH EXUE  LDU RSHUD LD GH OLPSH]LUH D PXVWXOXL úL GH HOLPLQDUH D EXUEHL VH QXPHúWH

deburbare.

ƒ 1DWXUDúLRULJLQHDEXUEHLGLQPXVW

,PSXULW LOH VROLGH FDUH LQWU  vQ DOF WXLUHD EXUEHL VXQW GH QDWXU  GLIHULW  SDUWLFXOH GH

S PkQW UHVWXUL GH VXEVWDQ H IRORVLWH OD FRPEDWHUHD EROLORU úL G XQ WRULORU IUDJPHQWH GH

FLRUFKLQL SLHOL H úL XQHRUL GH VHPLQ H FRQLGLL úL FRQLGLRIRUL GH OD GLIHULWH FLXSHUFL IUDJPHQWH úL
spori de mucegaiuri; levXULúLEDFWHULLFULVWDOHGHWDUWUDWDFLGGHSRWDVLXúLWDUWUDWQHXWUXGHFDOFLX
VXEVWDQ HSHFWLFHSURWLGLFHúLWDQDQWHLQVROXELOHSOXVGLIHULWHPXFLODJLLúLJXPHYHJHWDOH

ƒ 1HFHVLWDWHDúLLQIOXHQ DGHEXUE ULL

0HQ LQXW  vQ PXVW EXUED VXIHU  XQ SURFHV GH PDFHUD LH vQ XUPD F UXLD FRQVWLWXHQ LL

VROXELOL GLQ LPSXULW LOH VROLGH FH R DOF WXLHVF WUHF vQ ID]D OLFKLG  $FHDVW  WUHFHUH HVWH PXOW

DFFHQWXDW vQWLPSXOIHUPHQWD LHLPXVWXOXLGDWRULW FUHúWHULLWHPSHUDWXULLúLIRUP ULLDOFRROXOXLÌQ

raport de cantiWDWHDúLQDWXUDFRQVWLWXHQ LORUH[WUDúLYLQXOSRDWHF S WDPLURVXULúLJXVWXULVWU LQH

FHLvQU XW HVFFDOLWDWHD

)DSWXO F  SULQ GHEXUEDUH VH vQO WXU  FHD PDL PDUH SDUWH GLQ VXVSHQVLL vQVHDPQ  F  úL

VXSUDID D GHFRQWDFW OLFKLG VROLG HVWH PXOW PLFúRUDW  ÌQDFHDVW  VLWXD LH WHPSHUDWXUD úL ULWPXO GH
-
IHUPHQWDUHVHDWHQXHD] GUHSWXUPDUHSLHUGHULOHGHDOFRROúLDURP VXQWPDLPLFLLDURSDUWHGLQ

]DK U SRDWH U PkQH QHIHUPHQWDW 3ULYLW  GLQ DFHVW SXQFW GH YHGHUH GHEXUEDUHD SRDWH FRQVWLWXL

GHFL úL XQ DMXWRU SUH LRV vQ RE LQHUHD YLQXULORU FX UHVW GH ]DK U I U  V  vQORFXLDVF  ELQHvQ HOHV

FHOHODOWH PLMORDFH FX DMXWRUXO F URUD VH SRDWH VLVWD IHUPHQWD LD DúD FXP R FHUH WHKQRORJLD

producerii unor astfel de vinuri.

ƒ Procedee de deburbare
Mustul tulbure poate fi considerat ca un sistem eterogen (suspensie) format dintr-un
PHGLX OLFKLG vQ FDUH VXQW GLVSHUVDWH SDUWLFXOH VROLGH GH GLIHULWH IRUPH úL GLPHQVLXQL 6HSDUDUHD

FHORUGRX ID]HOLFKLG VROLGvQYHGHUHDRE LQHULLXQXLPXVWOLPSHGHVHSRDWHUHDOL]DILHXWLOL

- zând
DF LXQHD IRU HL JUDYLWD LHL VDX D IRU HL FHQWULIXJH ILH UH LQHUHD SDUWLFXOHORU VROLGH SH VWUDWXUL

ILOWUDQWH ÌQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX FHOH PHQ LRQDWH GHEXUEDUHD HVWH SRVLELO  V  VH HIHFWXH]H SULQ WUHL

mari procedee: sedimentare-GHFDQWDUHFHQWULIXJDUHúLIiltrare.

a) Deburbarea mustului prin sedimentare –decantare

Sedimentarea FRQVW  vQ GHSXQHUHD SULQ F GHUH OLEHU  VXE DF LXQHD IRU HL JUDYLWD LHL D

LPSXULW LORU VROLGH GLVSHUVDWH vQ PDVD PXVWXOXL LDU GHFDQWDUHD HVWH RSHUD LD GH VHSDUH D

lichidului limpede de pe sediment.

'HEXUEDUHDVXEDF LXQHDIULJXOXL QDWXUDO HVWHSRVLELO  OD PXVWXULOHRE LQXWH GLQVRLXUL FH

VH UHFROWHD]  WkU]LX vQ WRDPQHOH UHFL SRDWH IL DSOLFDW  úL OD VRLXUL PDL WLPSXULL 5H]XOWDWHOH VXQW

EXQH PDL DOHV DWXQFL FkQG UHFROWD HVWH V Q WRDV  LDU PXVWXO EHQHILFLD]  GH IULJXO GLQ WLPSXO

QRS LL

Decantarea FRQVW  vQ VHSDUDUHD PXVWXOXL OLPSHGH GH EXUED GHSXV  vQ WLPSXO

VHGLPHQW ULL ÌQ IXQF LH GH PRGXO FXP VXQW HFKLSDWH YDVHOH VDX ED]LQHOH GH GHFDQWDUH

RSHUD LXQHD VH SRDWH H[HFXWD vQ PDL PXOWH PRGXUL $VWIHO FkQG DFHVWHD VXQW SUHY ]XWH FX

URELQHWH GH VFXUJHUH GLVSXVH OD GLIHULWH QLYHOHHYDFXDUHD PXVWXOXL OLPSHGH VH UHDOL]HD]  vQ PRG

VLPSOX SULQ GHVFKLGHUHD VXFFHVLY  GH VXV vQ MRV D URELQHWHORU ILJ  /D XQHOH WLSXUL GH ED]LQH

decantaUHDVHSRDWHIDFHFXDMXWRUXOXQXLGLVSR]LWLY FXFRWPRELOFDUHSULQURWLUHG  SRVLELOLWDWHD

UHJO ULLvQ O LPLLGHSUHOXDUH&kQGYDVHOHGHGHFDQWDUHQXVXQWHFKLSDWHFXDVWIHOGHURELQH LVDX

dispozitive, tragerea mustului se face cu ajutorul unei pompe. ÌQ DFHVW FD] VH YD DYHD JULM  FD

IXUWXQXO GH DVSLUD LH V  ILH FRERUkW SURJUHVLY DGLF  SH P VXU  FH QLYHOXO OLFKLGXOXL VFDGH

,QWURGXFHUHD OXL GH OD vQFHSXW SkQ  DSURDSH GH OLQLD GH VHSDUD LH GLQWUH PXVW úL GHSR]LW GXFH OD

IRUPDUHDXQRUFXUHQ LFDUHDQWUHQHD] SDUWHGLQEXUE GLQQRXvQPXVWFRPSURPL kQGX -se astfel

vQV úLXWLOLWDWHDGHEXUE ULL

'LQWUH LQFRQYHQLHQWHOH GHEXUE ULL PXVWXOXL SULQ VHGLPHQWDUH –decantare se amintesc:

LPSRVLELOLWDWHD FD RSHUD LXQHD V  VH GHVI úRDUH vQ IOX[ FRQWLQXX QHFHVLWDWHD Ge a avea multe

ED]LQH VDX F ]L GH OLPSH]LUH SUHFXP úL VSD LX VXILFLHQW SHQWUX DPSODVDUHD ORU RSHUD LXQHD

UHFODP  R GXUDW  GH WLPS OXQJ  úL UHODWLY PXOW  IRU  GH PXQF  PDQXDO  úL vQ ILQH YROXPXO GH

EXUE FDUHUH]XOW HVWHvQJHQHUDOSUHDPDUH

 b) Deburbarea prin centrifugare
Centrifugarea HVWH RSHUD LD GH VHSDUDUH VXE DF LXQHD IRU HL FHQWULIXJH D FRPSRQHQ LORU
FX GHQVLWDWH GLIHULW  GLQWU-un amestec eterogen (suspensie sau emulsie). Comparativ cu

deburbarea prin sedimentare-decantare, limpezirea prin DFHVW SURFHGHX HVWH PXOW PDL UDSLG 
&ODXGH(DUDW F FHQWULIXJDUHDHVWHRGHFDQWDUHDFFHOHUDW 

9LWH]D GH vQGHS UWDUH D SDUWLFXOHORU GH WXOEXUHDO  GLQ PXVW VXE DF LXQHD FkPSXOXL

FHQWULIXJDOSRDWHILUHGDW SULQH[SUHVLD

2g (ρp − ρm )d p 2
Vsc = ⋅ r ⋅ ⋅n 2
9η m

În care VscHVWHYLWH]DGHVHGLPHQWDUHvQFkPSFHQWULIXJDOUHVWHUD]DGHURWD LHFDUHHVWH

DSUR[LPDWLYHJDO FXUD]DFHQWULIXJHLLDUQHVWHYLWH]DGHURWD LH

'LQUHOD LDGHPDLVXVUHLHVHF YLWH]DGHVHGLPHQWDUHDLPSXULW LORUVROLGHGLQPXVW sub

DF LXQHDIRU HLFHQWULIXJHFDúLvQFD]XOVHGLPHQW ULLvQFkPSJUDYLWD LRQDOHVWHFXDWkWPDLPDUH

FX FkW FHOH GRX  GHQVLW L GLIHU  PDL PXOW vQWUH HOH GLDPHWUHOH SDUWLFXOHORU VXQW PDL PDUL LDU

YkVFR]LWDWHD PXVWXOXL PDL PLF  /D GHEXUEDUHD SULQ FHQWULIXJDUH YLWH]D GH vQGHS UWDUH D

SDUWLFXOHORUHVWHvQVFKLPEFXPXOWPDLPDUHHDFUHúWHOLQLDUFXUD]DGHURWD LHúLSURSRU LRQDOFX

2
S WUDWXOYLWH]HLGHURWD LHQ XOWLPDILLQGKRW UkWRDUH

c) Deburbarea prin filtrare

ÌQP VXUDvQ FDUHHVWHQHYRLHV VHRE LQ  XQPXVWFXOLPSLGLWDWHULGLFDW vQWU -un termen
UHODWLY VFXUW úL FX SLHUGHUL IRDUWH PLFL GHEXUEDUHD V DU SXWHD HIHFWXD úL SULQ ILOWUDUH 2SHUD LD
-
FRQVW vQVHSDUDUHDSDUWLFXOHORUGHWXOEXUHDO GLQPXVWODWUHFHUHDDFHVWXLDSULQWU -un mediu poros.
&RPSDUDW  FX FHOHODOWH GRX  RSHUD LL GH VHSDUDUH VHGLPHQWDUHD úL FHQWULIXJDUHD ILOWUDUHD VH

FDUDFWHUL]HD]  SULQ IDSWXO F  QX HVWH FRQGL LRQDW  GH GLIHUHQ D GLQWUH GHQVLW LOH ID]HORU FDUH VH

VHSDU $FHVWSURFHGHXHVWHvQV H[WUHPGHSX LQH[WLQVvQSU actica limpezirii mustului.

)(50(17$ ,$ù,0$&(5$ ,$Ì17(+12/2*,$

PRODUCERII VINULUI

)HUPHQWD LDDOFRROLF DPXVWXOXL

3URFHVXOGHIHUPHQWD LHDOFRROLF SULQIRUPDOXLGHPDQLIHVWDUHDIRVWFXQRVFXWúLXWLOL]DW

vQWHKQLFDSUHSDU ULLXQRUE X turi, din cele mai vechi timpuri. În schimb cauzele care-OSURYRDF 

DX IRVW O PXULWH GHVWXO GH WkU]LX úL DQXPH DELD SULQ VHFROXO  FkQG D DX S UXW PDL PXOWH WHRULL

8QHOHGLQDFHVWHDVXV LQHDXF IHUPHQWD LDDOFRROLF HVWHXQSURFHVSXUFKLPLFvQWLPSFH altele,

GLQFRQWU GHPRQVWUDXF HVWHXQIHQRPHQELRORJLF

ÌQ SUH]HQW IHUPHQWDUHD HVWH GHILQLW  FD XQ SURFHV GH GHJUDGDUH ELRFKLPLF  VXE DF LXQHD

HQ]LPHORU D XQRU SURGXVH QDWXUDOH FX VWUXFWXUL FRPSOH[H vQ SURGXVH FX VWUXFWXU  PDL VLPSO 

Prin acest pURFHVVHGHJDM vQWRWGHDXQDHQHUJLHvQPDMRULWDWHDHLVXEIRUP GHHQHUJLHFDORULF 

)HUPHQWD LDDOFRROLF DPXVWXOXLHVWHWRWXQSURFHVELRFKLPLFVSRQWDQVDXSURYRFDWSULQ

FDUH JOXFLGHOH VH WUDQVIRUP  vQ DOFRRO HWLOLF úL &22 FD SURGXúL SULQFLSDOL vQVR L L GH R VHULH GH

SURGXúLVHFXQGDUL3URFHVXOGHDVHPHQHDHVWHH[RHQHUJLF

$FHVWHD HQ]LPH LQWHUYLQ vQ UHDF LLOH GH WUDQVIRUPDUH D JOXFLGHORU GXS  PHFDQLVPXO

JHQHUDO GH DF LXQH DO ELRFDWDOL]DWRULORU ÌQ SULQFLSLX HQ]LPD VH FRPELQ  FX PROHFXOD UHDFWDQW

QXPLW  JHQHULF VXEVWUDW úL IRUPHD]  XQ FRPSXV LQWHUPHGLDU HQ]LP -substrat. La rândul lui acest
FRPSXV LQWHUPHGLDU VH SRDWH FRPELQD FX DOW  PROHFXO  UHDFWDQW  IRUPkQG SURGXúL GH UHDF LH úL

UHJHQHUkQG HQ]LPD (Q]LPD DVWIHO UHJHQHUDW  HVWH FDSDELO  V  UHLD G in nou ciclul respectiv.
6FKHPDWLFSURFHVXOVHSRDWHUHSUH]HQWDWvQPRGXOXUP WRU
 (Q]LP VXEVWUDW (Q]LP  –substrat

(Q]LP  –substrat+R 3URGXúLGHUHDF LHHQ]LP

'DWRULW  FRQVLGHUHQWHORU VXV PHQ LRQDWH vQ LQGXVWULD YLQLFRO  VH SUDFWLF numai
IHUPHQWD LD FX OHYXUL QXPLW  GH 3DVWHXU ³OD YLH VDQV DLU¶ vQWUXFkW HVWH XQ SURFHV FDWDEROLF

DQDHUREÌQDFHVWSURFHVOHYXULOHvúLSURFXU HQHUJLDQHFHVDU vQGHSOLQLULLIXQF LLORUORUYLWDOHGLQ

GHJUDGDUHDJOXFLGHORUI U LQWHUYHQ LDR[LJHQXOXLFRQIRUPUHDF LHLJOREDOH

C6H12O6 2CH3 –CH2OH+2CO2-33 Kcalorii

ƒ 7HKQRORJLDIHUPHQW ULLPXVWXOXL

ÌQ WHKQRORJLD GH RE LQHUH D YLQXOXL DOE IHUPHQWD LD DOFRROLF  D PXVWXOXL UHSUH]LQW  R

YHULJ  GHFLVLY  vQWUXFkW HVWH HWDSD vQ FDUH HO VH ³QDúWH´ 'H PRGXO FXP HVWH SDUFXUV  DFHDVW 

HWDS  GHSLQGH vQ PDUH P VXU  QLYHOXO FDOLWDWLY DO YLQXOXL (D WUHEXLH UHDOL]DW  FkW PDL ELQH GLQ

SXQFWGHYHGHUHWHKQRORJLFvQWUXFkWDUHUHSHUFXUVLXQLúLDVXSUDHYROX LHLXOWHULRDUHDYLQXOXL

Pentru ca fermentarea mustuOXL V  VH GHFODQúH]H úL V  GHFXUJ  FkW PDL ELQH HVWH QHFHVDU

FDvQSULPXOUkQGV  VHDVLJXUHOHYXULORUXQPHGLX RSWLPGHGH]YROWDUH$FHVWHDFD RULFHILLQ H

YLL DX QHYRLH GH VXEVWDQ H QXWULWLYH úL DQXPLWH FRQGL LL GH PHGLX 3ULPHOH VXQW GH RELFHL

asiJXUDWHGHF WUHPXVWFDDWDUHI U DUPDLILQHFHVDUYUHXQDGDRVVXSOLPHQWDU

'LQWUH FRQGL LLOH GH PHGLX VH PDL vQWkOQHVFvQ SULQFLSDODHUD LD úL WHPSHUDWXUD $HUD LD

DWkW FkW HVWH QHYRLH VH UHDOL]HD]  vQ SURFHVXO GH SUHOXFUDUH DO VWUXJXULORU 8OWH rior, ea este
vPSLHGLFDW SULQHFKLSDUHDYDVHORUFXGLVSR]LWLYHSULQFDUHVHOLPLWHD] S WUXQGHUHDDHUXOXLFDUH

în schimb, permit evacuarea CO2 ÌQWUXFkW UHDF LD GH GHJUDGDUH D JOXFLGHORU HVWH vQVR LW  úL GH R

GHJDMDUHGHF OGXU YDWUHEXLFDVROX LLOHWHKQLFHDGRSWDWHV DVLJXUHQXQXPDLHOLPLQDUHDJD]XOXL

FDUERQLFúLDH[FHVXOXLGHF OGXU 

ƒ 8PSOHUHDYDVHORUGHIHUPHQWDUHFXPXVWúLHFKLSDUHDORU

'XS  RE LQHUHD DVDPEODUHD úL DSOLFDUHD XQRU HYHQWXDOH WUDWDPHQWH –(ca de exemplu,

sulfitare, bentonizare, tratament termic, tratament enzimatic etc.)- mustul este dirijat în vasele de
IHUPHQWDUH6HSUHFL]HD] F DFHVWHDQXVHXPSOXFRPSOHW/DILHFDUHGLQHOHVHODV XQVSD LXGH

UH]HUY  QXPLW ³JRO GH IHUPHQWDUH´ FDUH vQ JHQHUDO HVWH GH DSUR[LPDWLY  GLQ
capacitatea
butoiului. Când musturile au fost deburbate, golul de fermentare poate fi redus la 5% . Din
FRQWU  GDF  VH SUHYHGH R IHUPHQWDUH PDL WXUEXOHQW  DúD FXP HVWH FD]XO OD PXVWXULOH SURYHQLWH

GLQ VWUXJXUL LQFRPSOHW FRS L DWXQFL SHQWUX D VH HYLWD SHULFROXO GHERUG ULL VSD LXO GH UH]HUY 

SRDWHV FUHDVF SkQ OD

ƒ )D]HOHGHGHVI úXUDUHDOHIHUPHQWD LHLDOFRROLFH

)HUPHQWDUHD PXVWXOXL QX GHFXUJH vQ PRG XQLIRUP ÌQ GHVI úXUDUHD DFHVWXL SURFHV VH SRW

GLVWLQJHWUHLID]HSUHIHUPHQWDWLY GHIHUPHQWDUHWXPXOWRDV úLSRVWIHUPHQWDWLY 

a) )D]D SUHIHUPHQWDWLY  QXPLW  úL ID]  LQL LDO  VH GHVI úRDU  GH OD LQWURGXFHUHD

PXVWXOXLvQYDVXOGHIHUPHQWDUHSkQ ODGHJDMDUHDHYLGHQW D&22GLQWRDW PDVDGHOLFKLG

Macroscopic, în cursul acestei faze, se observ  FXP PXVWXO vQFHSH V  VH WXOEXUH LDU
- 30&&RQ LQXWXOvQJOXFLGHvQFHSHV VFDG úLLPSOLFLWVHPLFúRUHD] úL
WHPSHUDWXUDXUF OHQWFX

GHQVLWDWHD PXVWXOXL &X WRDWH F  VH IRUPHD]  &22 GHJDMDUHD DFHVWXLD LQL LDO QX VH REVHUY 

GHRDUHFHHOVHGL]ROY vQOLFKLG7UHSWDWvQV &22vQFHSHV VHGHJDMHLDUODVXSUDID DOLFKLGXOXLVH

IRUPHD] VSXP FHDFHLPSXQHSUH]HQ DXQXLDQXPLWVSD LXGHUH]HUY QXPLWJROGHIHUPHQWDUH

ÌQFRQGL LLOHvQFDUHYDVXOQXHVWHHFKLSDWFXSkOQLLGHIHUPHQWDUHVDXDOWHGLVSR]LWL ve de închidere

FDUHV vPSLHGLFHDFFHVXODHUXOXLFDOLWDWHDYLQXOXLSRDWHILDIHFWDW $FHDVWDVHGDWRUHD] IDSWXOXL

F  vQ VSXPD IRUPDW  OD VXSUDID D OLFKLGXOXL vQ SUH]HQ D DHUXOXL VH SRW GH]YROWD XúRU úL DOWH
IHUPHQWD LLGHFkWFHDDOFRROLF 'XUDWDDFHVWHLID]HLQL LDOHHVWHGHRELFHLVFXUW GH -3 zile.
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1. Care sunt tipurile de maturare ale strugurilor?

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asamblarea mustului?

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