CONTENTS

Topic Page no.

1. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................1
1.1 EMBEDDED SYSTEM………………………………………………1
1.2 EXAMPLES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS………………………….2
1.3 APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM………………………2
1.4 MICROCONTROLLER FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS……………4
1.5 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT………………………………5
2. DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT…………………..…….6
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM…………………………………………………...6
2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION………………………………...7
2.3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM…………………………………………….10
2.4 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION…………………………………………….11
3. HARDWARE COMPONENTS…………………………………………12
3.1 MICROCONTROLLER………………………………………………12
3.1.1 EMBEDDED DESIGN………………………………………13
3.1.2 INTERRUPTS………………………………………………..13
3.1.3 PROGRAMS………………………………………………….14
3.1.4 OTHER MICROCONTROLLER FEATURES……………..14
3.2 POWER SUPPLY……………………………………………………..15
3.3 MAX 232………………………………………………………………20
3.4 A/D CONVERTER……………………………………………………21
4. 8051 MICROCONTROLLER……………………………………………24
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO 8051…………………………………………..24
4.2 INTRODUCTION TO ATMEL 89C51…………………………….24
5. ZIGBEE……………………………………………………………………40
5.1 ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGIES…………………………………………..40
5.2 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE…………………………………………46
6. SENSORS…………………………………………………………………..52
6.1 TEMPERARTURE SENSOR…………………………………………52
6.2 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR-sensor)…………………………...….54
7. SOFTWARE COMPONENTS…………………………………………..57
8. CODING……………………………………………………………………66
9. IMPLEMENTATION……………………………………………………..72
10. FUTURE SCOPE………………………………………………………….73
11. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….74
12. BIBLIORAPHY……………………………………………………………75
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Name Page No.

1. Fig 1.1 - Embedded System………………………………………………...1

2. Fig 2.1 - Block Diagram…………………………………………………….6
3. Fig 2.2 - Schematic Diagram………………………………………………..10
4. Fig 3.1 - Microcontroller…….……………………………………………...13
5. Fig 3.2 - Full Wave Rectifier………………………………………………..17
6. Fig 3.3 - Power Supply…………………………………………………......20
7. Fig 3.4 - Max 232………………………………………………………….21
8. Fig 3.5 - A/D Converter……………………………………………………21
9. Fig 3.6 - Structure………………………………………………………….22
10. Fig 4.1 - Block Diagram of 8051………………………………………….25
11. Fig 4.2 – Program Memory……………………………………………….26
12. Fig 4.3 – Pin Configuration………………………………………………..28
13. Fig 4.4 – TMOD……………………………………………………………33
14. Fig 4.5 – TCON Register…………………………………………………..33
15. Fig 4.6 – Baud Rate of 8051………………………………………………37
16. Fig 4.7 – SBUF…………………………………………………………….38
17. Fig 4.8 – SCON…………………………………………………………….38
18. Fig 5.1 – Network Topologies……………………………………………..43
19. Fig 5.2 – Various Wireless Technologies………………………………….45
20. Fig 5.3 – Zigbee Architecture………………………………………………48
21. Fig 5.4 – Pin Diagram Of X-BEE Transceiver…………………………….49
22. Fig 6.1 – LM35…………………………………………………………….52
23. Fig 6.2 – Internal Circuit…………………………………………………..53
24. Fig 6.3 – LDR……………………………………………………………..54
25. Fig 6.4 – Internal Circuit………………………………………………….54
26. Fig 6.5 – Humidity Sensor………………………………………………..56
27. Fig 6.6 – Internal Circuit…………………………………………………..56
28. Fig 7.1 – 7.16 – Software Screenshots……………………………………65
29. Fig 9.1 – Hardware Demonstration……………………………………….72