;d[;Nhe

sR . qrsy m isM G ,
cy A rmY n , Drm pR c wr kmy t I, id.is.gu . pR . kmy t I

f;Z y ;wki ftu fJj wo:kdk j? fe id e' J h ;pz X h ubkDk eo iKdk j? sK ;;eko eo
e/ nkT[ D wro' I @;d[ # pkDh gVQ h iKdh j? . fco T[ ; ftSVh o{ j Bfws oZ y / rJ/ nyz v -gkm iK
;kXkoB gkm dh ;wkgsh s' I pknd th fJ; pkDh dk gkm ehsk iKdk j? . id' I fwose dh po;h
wBkJh iKdh j? , T[ d ' I th fJ; pkDh d/ gkm eoB dk fotki g? frnk j? , go fJ; @;d[ # pkDh d/
gkm eoB d/ pkti{ d n;hI eod/ Ujh e[ M jK i' fJ; pkDh ftu tofink frnk j? . fJ; bJh
fJ; pkDh ~ ;wMDk pj[ s }o{ o h j? . fe;/ uh} ~ r[ o wfs nB[ ; ko ;wMDk @f;Z y h# j? , Bk
;wMDk @rcbs# (bkjgotkjh) ns/ @w{ o ysk#. ;G s' I tZ v h rbsh sK T[ j eod/ jB i' pkDh d/
noE-Gkt ~ ;wMd/ j' J / th nwbh Feb (Practical shape) BjhI fdz d / .

pj[ s ;kohnK n? ; hnK o;wK f;Z y gz E ftu gq u fbs j' rJhnK jB ns/ y{ p }' o -F' o Bkb
ehshnK ik ojhnK jB, go T[ j BK d/ wsbp dk e[ M gsk BjhI ns/ Bk jh gsk j? fe pkDh
T[ j BK pko/ eh efj ojh j? . fit/ I nyz v gkm noz G eoB ;w/ I i' s K irkT[ D k, Bkohnb, bkb
egVk s/ e[ z G oZ y Dk ns/ X{ c d/ D dhnK wBwsh o;wK eoB ns/ @;z y B eh X[ f B xz N B dh eo
c{ b B dh poyk po;kt? # ouh pkDh gVQ B dh ohs ;kv/ ftu pVh s/ } h Bkb c? b ojh j? . r[ o wfs-
ftukoXkok ns/ gz E e ofjDh dh ;{ M -p{ M s' I e' o / b' e nkgDh fJZ S k nB[ ; ko nBwsK dh oh;/
nkgDh wo:kdk ekfJw eoh ik oj/ jB. fJ; ftu ;kv/ Xkofwe nkr{ - rq z E h, okrh, eEkeko s/
gz E e-b' e K ~ e[ o kj/ gkT[ D d/ f}nkdk f}z w / t ko jB.

fJ; pkDh ftu nkJ/ eJh bc}K d/ rbs noE ehs/ iKd/ jB, feT[ I fe noE eoB tkb/
frnkBh ns/ eJh Nhekeko @r[ o pkDh ftnkeoD# ns/ r[ o wfs ftukoXkok s' I ;yD/ jB.

eJh nfrnkBhnK d[ n kok @e/ ; ' r' g kb gz f vs#, @jfo ;fo#, @fgz v -gsfb#, @g[ o kD[ # ,
@fefonk#, @dhtk#, @c[ b #, @p/ p kD{ # nkfd d/ rbs noE eoB eoe/ jh pj[ s ;ko/ f;z x ;d[ pkDh
dk gkm eoB fgZ S ' I th pq k jwDh wo:kdk fwq s e bJh eod/ jB go ;' M h oZ y d/ eJh ;Z i D th
nkgDh g[ i hFB (Position) yokp j' D iK b' e -bki s' I xpokT[ I d/ j' J / r[ o { T[ g d/ F K Bkb
nfBnK eod/ jB. :kd oZ y Dk ukjhdk j? fe fBih g[ i hFB (Position) d/ pdb/ r[ o { T[ g d/ F
ns/ r[ o wfs n;{ b K dh fBokdoh BjhI j' D d/ D h ukjhdh.

r[ o f;Z y bJh d' uh}K pj[ s }o{ o h jB - @FoXk# ns/ @;{ M #. fJe T[ j jB fiBQ K ftu
@FoXk# j? @;{ M # BjhI, T[ j gq k Dh bz p / bz p / wE/ N/ e / r k, gkt/ x[ N / r k, gsfonK s/ jZ E c/ o / r k,
o[ w kb u[ Z e / e/ Fpd t/ y e/ jh xo g{ o k eo bt/ r k go r[ o { pkp/ dk ;gFN j[ e w j? L

siqgu r no sBu ko vy K dw jy q w jgqu sM s wru ]

ifTY mu k iq n ho v eI ijcru sbid n kry vIcwru ]
 (gz B k 594)

fco fi; B/ fiZ X o bkfJnk T[ X o bZ r ikt/ r k, GKs-GKs d/ r[ o { n K ns/ ;kXK-;z s K dh i{ m

~ th ykt/ r k. d{ i / T[ j jB, fiBQ K ftu @;{ M # j? , go @FoXk# BjhI, u[ z u frnkBh pD ikt/ r k,
gkyz v h r[ o { pD p? m / r k ns/ b' e K ~ rbs o;s/ gk e/ nkgD/ T[ b { f;Z X / eo/ r k, GKs GKs d/ Y" I r
s/ u' u b/ eo/ r k ns/ u/ b / u/ b hnK pDkt/ r k. fJ; s' I fJbktk shih soQ K d/ pz d / Bk ;{ M s' I ez w b? D
~ fsnko jB, Bk jh FoXk oZ y d/ jB, T[ j @r[ o f;Z y # efjbkT[ D d/ jh jZ e dko BjhI. fJ; eoe/
r[ o f;Z y nodk; ftu @fpp/ e dkB ns/ Go' ; k dkB# dh wz r eodk j? .

;' fJE/ fJj ftuko eoBk j? fe fi; ;d[ pkDh dk n;hI gkm eo oj/ jK ns/ i' T[ g d/ F
fdq V Q k J/ rJ/ jB, eh n;hI gVQ gVQ e/ n? t / I sK BjhI rtk oj/ < T[ g d/ F ~ tos' I ftu th fbnk
oj/ jK, iK BjhI. ;koh rb ;wM e/ th n;hI gq u fbs pq k jwDh fefonk dh o;w jh eo oj/ jK
ns/ GKv/ , b/ c s[ b kJhnK ns/ co{ N d/ N' e o/ (Gkt/ I e[ M pjkB/ eo e/ jh) gq k Dh Bfws oZ y oj/
jK, fJj sK r[ o { dh pj[ s Gkoh fBokdoh eo oj/ jK. i/ nfijk eoBk jh j? sK r[ o { dh j}{ o h
ftu Bk ehsk ikt/ , pbfe fe;/ gz f vs (nukoi) dh ;/ t k gq k gs eoBh ukjhdh j? .

fJ; @;d[ # pkDh r[ o { nwodk; ih dh t;hns j? fe w/ o / fgZ S ' I T[ j eow eKv s/ fefonk
BjhI eoBh, i' nukoih b' e , fjz d { xoK ftu eod/ jB. fJ; ftu fJj fpnkB ehsk j? fe w/ o h
fefonk nkfd ;G e[ M joh dk iZ ; iK ehosh eoBk jh j? , Gkt w? I joh d/ Bkw s' I fJj ;G
eow-fefonk, fgz v , gZ s b, dhtk, c[ b u[ r Dk nkfd tkodk jK, w? ~ fJjBK dh b' V BjhI.

r[ o { e/ f;Z y K ~ r[ o wfs fdq V Q eokT[ D bJh ns/ e[ o kj/ gJh b' e kJh ~ r[ o wfs ;wMkT[ D
bJh fJ; s' I gfjbK 1509 JhH ftu r[ o { BkBe ;kfjp B/ r:k fty/ nkgD/ gfjb/ gq u koe d" o /
;w/ I gKfvnK ~ T[ g d/ F fdZ s k ;h. r[ o { ;kfjp B/ pq k jwD wZ s tb' I ehs/ ik oj/ fJjBK eowK
eKvK dk GotK yz v B fJT[ I ehsk ;h L

Awsw mhlw 1 ]
dIvw my r w ey k u nwmu du K u ivic pwieAw qy l u ]
au i n cwnix Ehu so i KAw cU k w jm isau my l u ] 1 ]
lo k w mq ko PkiV pwie ]
lK miVAw kir ey k Ty ey k rqI ly Bwih ] 1 ] rhwau ]
ipM f u pqil my r I ky s au ikirAw scu nwmu krqwru ]
AY Q Y EQY AwgY pwCY ey h u my r w AwDwru ] 2 ]
gM g bnwris isPiq qu m wrI nwvY Awqm rwau ]
scw nwvxu qW QIAY jW Aihinis lwgY Bwau ] 3 ]
iek lo k I ho r u CimCrI bR w hmxu vit ipM f u Kwie ]
nwnk ipM f u bKsIs kw kbhU M inKU t is nwih ] 4 ] 2 ] 32 ]
(gz B k 358)

gd noE L ;' f ynk-;[ Z e iKdk j? , w[ e iKdk j? . cefV-w]" b . wfVnk-Y/ o . Gkfj-nZ r .

e/ ; T-gq w kswk. nXko-nk;ok. Bkt? - fJFBkB eodk j?. nksw okT[-fizd, ihtkswk. nfjfB;-fdB
oks. b'eh-d/t b'e d/ ofjD tkb/ d/ts/. SfwSoh-fgso. tfN-tZN e/. fBy{Nf;-w[Zedk.
 noE L w/ o / tk;s/ gq w kswk dk Bkw jh dhtk j? i' w/ o h f}z d rh d/ o;s/ ftu nkswe
o" F Bh eodk j? , T[ ; dht/ ftu w? I d[ B hnk ftu ftnkgD tkbk d[ Z y o{ g s/ b gkfJnk j' f Jnk j? .
T[ ; nkswe ukBD bJh T[ j d[ y -o{ g s/ b ;Vdk iKdk j? , iw Bkb w/ o k tkj Gh BjhI g? I dk |1|

j/ b' e ' ! w/ o h rZ b dk wy" b dk T[ v kU. bZ y K wDK bZ e VK d/ Y/ o fJZ e m/ eoe/ fJe osh

fisBh nZ b k d/ J hJ/ sK T[ j ;ko/ Y/ o ;[ n kj j' iKd/ jB, fst/ I iBwK-iwKsoK d/ gkgK ~ fJe
Bkw w[ e k d/ I dk j? |1|ojkT[ |

gZ s bK T[ s / fgz v GokD/ (wD;kD/ ) w/ o / tk;s/ gq w kswk dk Bkw jh j? , w/ o / tk;s/ fefonk

dh o;w Gh eosko dk ;Z u k Bkw j? . fJj Bkw fJ; b' e ftu ns/ gob' e ftu jo EK w/ o h
f}z d rh dk nk;ok j? . n? pq k jwD, w? I s/ o / d;/ fgz v GokT[ D / eow ~ eh ;wMdk jK, fJj sK ;G
M{ m jB |2|

s[ ; hI rz r k nkfd BdhnK ns/ eKFh (pBko;) T[ g o ik e/ fJFBkB eoB ~ d;d/ j' , go

w? I sK fJ; ftu ftFtk; BjhI oZ y dk feT[ I fe gq G { dh f;cfs ;bkj jh w/ o / tk;s/ rz r k ns/
eKFh nkfde shoEK dk fJFBkB j? , fi; ftu w/ o h nkswk fJFBkB eodh j? . ;Z u k fJFBkB j?
jh sd' I , id' I fdB oks gq G { uoBK Bkb gq / w pfDnk oj/ |3|

pq k jwD i" t K iK u" b K d/ nkN/ g/ V / tZ N e/ fJe g/ V k d/ t fsnK ~ G/ N eodk j? ns/ d{ i k

g/ V k fgsoK ~. g/ V k tZ N D s' I fgZ S ' I T[ j nkg yho g{ o h nkfde iiwkBK d/ xo' I yKdk j? , go j/
BkBe ! pq k jwD dh okjhI fdZ s k j' f Jnk fJj g/ V k ed se fNfenk ofj ;edk j? < gq w kswk dh
w/ j o dk g/ V k ed/ w[ Z e dk jh BjhI |4|

AwieAw gieAw mu i eAw nwau ] ipCY pqil sidhu kwv ]

nwnk mnmu i K AM D u ipAwru ] bwJu gu r U fu b w sM s wru ]
(gz B k 138)

noE L iht irs ftu nkfJnk ns/ s[ o frnk, irs ftu T[ ; dk Bkw Gh G[ Z b frnk,
T[ ; d/ woB fgZ S ' I gZ s oK T[ s / fgz v Gok e/ ektK ~ jh ;Z d dk j? l T[ ; iht ~ e[ M BjhI ngVdk.

r[ o { BkBe d/ t ih \owkT[ I d/ jB fe wB d/ fgZ S / s[ o B tkb/ wB[ Z y dk irs Bkb fgnko

nz f BQ n K tkbk fgnko j? , r[ o { dh FoD nkT[ D s' I fpBK irs fJ; @nz X fgnko# ftu v[ Z p fojk
j? .
gz i t/ I gksFkj ih B/ th ;[ y wBh ;kfjp dh d{ i h nFNgdh ftu pq k jwD d/ fdZ s / vokt/ dk
yz v B ehsk j? ns/ iw wkor ftu gj[ z u kT[ D tkbh fjz d { ohsh dk yz v B ehsk j? ns/ n? ; / eow-
eKv dh EK joh nekb g[ o y dk UN nk;ok b? D k jh df;nk j? . :Ek L

jh mwq ipqw su q mIq n BweI ]

mn aU h w nwmu qy r Y sM i g shweI ]
jh mhw BieAwn dU q jm dlY ]
qh ky v l nwmu sM i g qy r Y clY ]
jh mu s kl ho v Y Aiq BwrI ]
hir ko nwmu iKn mwih au D wrI ]
Aink pu n hcrn krq nhI qrY ]
hir ko nwmu ko i t pwp prhrY ]
gu r mu i K nwmu jphu mn my r y ]
nwnk pwvhu sU K Gny r y ] 1 ]
sgl isR s it ko rwjw du K IAw ]
hir kw nwmu jpq ho i e su K IAw ]
lwK kro r I bM D u n prY ]
hir kw nwmu jpq insqrY ]
Aink mwieAw rM g iqK n bu J wvY ]
hir kw nwmu jpq AwGwvY ]
ijh mwrig iehu jwq ieky l w ]
qh hir nwmu sM i g ho q su h y l w ]
AY s w nwmu mn sdw iDAweIAY ]
nwnk gu r mu i K prm giq pweIAY ] 2 ]
CU t q nhI ko i t lK bwhI ]
nwmu jpq qh pwir prwhI ]
Aink ibGn jh Awie sM G wrY ]
hir kw nwmu qqkwl au D wrY ]
Aink jo i n jnmY mir jwm ]
nwmu jpq pwvY ibsR w m ]
hau mY l w mlu kbhu n Do v Y ]
hir kw nwmu ko i t pwp Ko v Y ]
AY s w nwmu jphu mn rM i g ]
nwnk pweIAY swD kY sM i g ] 3 ]
ijh mwrg ky gny jwih n ko s w ]
hir kw nwmu aU h w sM i g qo s w ]
ijh pY f Y mhw AM D gu b wrw ]
hir kw nwmu sM i g au j IAwrw ]
jhw pM i Q qy r w ko n is\wnU ]
hir kw nwmu qh nwil pCwnU ]
jh mhw BieAwn qpiq bhu Gwm ]
qh hir ky nwm kI qu m aU p ir Cwm ]
jhw iqR K w mn qu J u AwkrKY ]
qh nwnk hir hir AM i mR q u brKY ] 4 ]
(rT[ V h ;[ y wBh wL 5, gz B k 264)
 fco gz E -gq t kfBs ofjs wo:kdk nB[ ; ko th r[ o f;Z y K tk;s/ fJjBK eow eKvK ~ Bk
eoB dh jdkfJs j? . fit/ I L

(T) gq k Dh ~ woB t/ b / i/ wz i / s/ j' t / sK wz i / s' I j/ m BjhI T[ s koBk, dhtk tZ N h, rT{

wD;kT[ D k iK j' o e' J h wBws ;z ; eko BjhI eoBk. e/ t b r[ o pkDh dk gkm eoBk iK tkfjr[ o {
tkfjr[ o { eoBk.

(n) gq k Dh d/ d/ j fsnkrD s/ Ykj BjhI wkoBh, fgNDk iK f;nkgk BjhI eoBk. wB ~

tkfjr[ o { dh o}k ftu fbnkT[ D bJh r[ o pkDh dk gkm iK @tkfjr[ o { # dk ikg eoh ikDk uz r k j? .

(J) nX wkor, f;nkgk, c{ j Vh, dhtk, fgz v fefonk, ;okX, p[ Z Y k woBk nkfd eoBk
wBwZ s j? nz r hm/ ftu' I c[ b u[ r e/ rz r k, gskbg[ o h, eoskog[ o ;kfjp nkfde EktK ftu ik e/
gkT[ D / wBws j? .

fco th @;d[ # pkDh ftu r[ o { nwodk; ih dh ehsh t;hns d/ noE ;wMD/ pj[ s }o{ o h
jB fe fJ; w" e / T[ g o ;fsr[ o K B/ eh jdkfJsK fdZ s hnK jB.

pq k jwDtkd (fjz d { ohsh) nB[ ; ko nz s w ;;eko L

fjz d { ;wki ftu fJj wz f Bnk frnk j? fe @gq / s fefonk# eotkJ/ fpBK gq k Dh dh rsh
BjhI j[ z d h. ukj/ nkgDh f}z d rh ftu iht nB/ e F[ G eow eo/ go T[ ; d/ woB fgZ S ' I i/ ;pz X hnK
d[ n kok gq / s -fefonk Bk j' t / sK gq k Dh dh d[ o rsh jh j[ z d h j? .
(ro[ V g[ o kD, nL6, ;L11-14)

J/ ; / rb ~ w[ Z y oZ y e/ w~ @g[ s q # dk noE fJ; soQ K eodk j? L

@gz { # Bkw Boe s' I i' fgsk ~ pukt/ , T[ ; ~ g[ s q ejhdk j? .
(nL 9 ;L 138)
w~ ih fJe j' o EK nkyd/ jB L
@g[ s q j' D eoe/ fgsk ~ ;P o r gq k gs j[ z d k j? , g' s q k j' D eoe/ d/ o skJhI ;P o r ftu ofjz d k
j? , no gV' s k iz w / s/ ;{ o : b' e ftu ik gj[ z u dk j? . #

(nL 9, ;L 137)
r[ o V-g[ o D 1 L
fJ; w[ s kpe jo/ e d/ t s/ iK d/ t h dk e' J h T[ u / u k ntkjB (;tkoh) j[ z d h j? fit/ I rD/ F dh
;tkoh u{ j k, pq j wk dh ;tkoh jz ; , fFt dh ;tkoh p? b , G? o T[ I dh ;tkoh ekbk e[ Z s k, ;hsbk
wkJh dh ;tkoh y' s k,t? F ~ iK d[ o rk dh ;tkoh F/ o nkfd. fJ;/ soQ K ftF~ ih dh ;tkoh ro[ V
wz B h rJh j? . ftF~ ih B/ nkgD/ ntkj ro[ V ~ i' iw wkor dk jkb df;nk j? , T[ ; ~ @ro[ V
g[ o kD# ftu fbfynk frnk efjz d / jB, fi; ftu ftF~ ih ro[ V ~ d;d/ jB fe L

@woB fgZ S ' I gq k Dh gq / s i{ B gq k gs eodk j? ns/ fJ; dk ;oho nz r { m / fisBk j' iKdk j? .
wo/ gq k Dh tk;s/ fgz v GokD/ }o{ o h jB. fJBQ K dh ;jkfJsk Bkb gq / s dk ;oho d; fdBK ftu jZ E
Go pD iKdk j? . id' I gq k Dh woB br/ sK T[ ; ~ fJFBkB ns/ ;kbrokw dh g{ i h eoBh ukjhdh
j? . ;kbrokw (gZ E o dk mke[ o ) ;ko/ gkgK dk Bk; eodk j? . i/ woB t/ b / gq k Dh d/ w{ z j ftu
;kbrokw dk uoBkfwq s gJ/ sK T[ ; d/ ;ko/ gkg d{ o j' iKd/ jB.

fit/ I oz { d/ Y/ o nZ r dh fJe fuDr Bkb ;VQ e / ;[ n kj j' iKd/ jB, fst/ I woB t/ b / gq k Dh
bc} @rz r k# nkyD Bkb jh w[ e s j' iKdk j? .

gq / s eow eokT[ D bJh wo/ gq k Dh d/ ;;eko s' I gfjbK T[ ; dk g[ Z s o ns/ j' o B}dheh
;pz X h w[ z v B eokT[ D . fJj nZ s }o{ o h j? . gq ' s dh ykso wz s o gq V Q e/ fsb ns/ fxU dh nj{ s h
d/ D h ukjhdh j? ns/ pj[ s o' D k ukjhdk j? . nfijk eoB Bkb wo/ gq k Dh ~ ;[ Z y fwbdk j? .

:koK fdB, oks-fdB, jo t/ b / dhtk irdk ofjDk ukjhdk j? . fJ; dht/ Bkb iw-wkor
ftu ukBD j[ z d k j? . gq / s -eow eoB Bkb gq k Dh d; fdBK ftu jh ;ko/ gkgK s' I S[ N ekok gk b? I dk
j? . ro[ V g[ o kD ~ ;[ D B ns/ ;[ D kT[ D tkb/ gkgK s' I w[ e s j' iKd/ jB. fJ; g[ o kD ~ gVQ B tkb/
gz f vs ~ egV/ , rfjD/ , rT{ , nz B , ;' B k, }whB nkfde ;G e[ M dkB eoBk ukjhdk j? , BjhI sK
cb dh gq k gsh BjhI j[ z d h. eEk ;[ B kT[ D tkbk i/ gq ; z B j' ikt/ sK, j/ ro[ V ! dkB eoB tkb/ T[ s /
w? I Gh gq ; z B j' iKdk jK.#

id' I fe;/ fjz d { - xo ftu e' J h gq k Dh woB brdk j? sK T[ ; d/ g[ s o fJ;sq h nkfd tko;
Fk;sq K dh d;h wo:kdk nB[ ; ko T[ ; ~ wz i / s' I j/ m K bkj b? I d/ jB ns/ dZ G nkfd ftSk e/ , T[ s /
egVk gk e/ fbNk fdZ s k iKdk j? . (eJh tko gq k Dh dk t? ; / jh fdb c/ j b j' iKdk j? , fe j[ D
w/ o k nz s nk frnk j? ) . T[ ; s' I pknd T[ ; d/ jZ E dh sbh d/ nkN/ dk dhtk oZ y e/ irk fdz d /
jB ns/ dht/ ftu pq k jwD dh G/ N k bJh, ;woEk nB[ ; ko o[ f gnk nkfde uKdh iK ;' B / dk f;Z e k
gk d/ I d/ jB. fJ; wo:kdk dk Gkt fJj j? fe woB tkb/ gq k Dh dh nkswk B/ nrKj pV/ jBQ / o /
g? I fvnK ftu' I dh bz x Dk j? , fiE/ o;sk t/ y D bJh T[ ; ~ ukBD dh b' V g? I dh j? . fJj dhtk
gob' e d/ g? I fvnK ftu ukBD d/ I dk j? (eJh tko @dhtk# nkfd j' ikD fgZ S ' I th gq k Dh d/ pu ikD
dhnK tkodksK j' u[ Z e hnK jB go fJj b' e fco th ;wMD ~ fsnko BjhI jB).

id gq k Dh wo iKdk j? , sK T[ ; d/ ;oho dk ;;eko eoB s' I gfjbK i" t K d/ nkN/ iK fsbK

d/ g/ V / gsbK T[ s / oZ y e/ wD;/ iKd/ jB. pq k jwD g[ o kD nkfde d/ wz s o gVQ d k j? . ;{ o i tZ b
w{ z j eo e/ gkDh dhnK u{ b hnK Gh G/ N k ehshnK iKdhnK jB. fJj T[ ; ftSVh o{ j bJh y[ o ke
G/ i h ejh iKdh j? .

xo' I s[ o e/ w;kDK s' I T[ o / nXtkN/ (nZ X wkor/ ) fwose dk cZ N k G[ z M / oZ y fdZ s k iKdk j? .

xo' I s[ o B bZ f rnK fwZ N h dk fJe e' o k GKvk Bkb b? b? I d/ jB. T[ ; nZ X -wkor s/ T[ j GKvk Gz B
d/ I d/ jB ns/ wo/ gq k Dh dk g[ Z s o nkfde pj[ s T[ u h vokT[ D h nktk} ftu Ykj wkodk j? . T[ j BK
dk ftFtk; j? fe fwose dh nkswk ;ohoe w' j eoe/ ni/ T[ ; w[ o d/ d/ d[ n kb/ jh GT[ I dh
fcodh j? . fJ; fGnkBe nktk} Bkb T[ ; ~ vokT[ I d/ jB sK fe T[ j ubh ikt/ .
 ;;eko eoB t/ b / pq k jwD fco e[ M wz s o gVQ d k j? . gq k Dh ~ iw nktkok rodh ftu geV
Bk b? D , fJ; bJh T[ ; dk g{ o k gsk (Address) Bkb oZ y fdZ s k iKdk j? . T[ j BK dk ftFtk; j?
fe id gq k Dh geV e/ eufjoh ftu g/ F ehsk iKdk j? , id se T[ j ikD-gSkD Bk d/ t / T[ ; dk
S[ N ekok BjhI jz [ d k. fJ; bJh gq k Dh d/ B}dheh foFs/ d ko ;kok gsk ns/ ykBdkB dk fgS' e V
nukoih ~ d;d/ jB ns/ T[ j gq k Dh dh }wkBs j[ z d h j? .

;;eko s' I fgS' I pu ojhnK jZ v hnK (n;EhnK) jfod[ n ko fty/ rz r k Bdh ftZ u gkJhnK
iKdhnK jB. fjz d { fynkb nB[ ; ko fi; dhnK n;EhnK rz r k ftZ u Bk g? D sK T[ ; dh rsh BjhI
j[ z d h.

woB fgS' I 13 fdB sZ e jo/ e gq k Dh dh nkswk gq / s pDh ofjz d h j? ns/ nkgD/ SZ v / xoK
d/ d[ n kb/ jh GT[ I dh fcodh j? . fiBQ K dk e' J h wodk j? , T[ j BK d/ xo Fohe/ s/ pokdoh d/ xoK
ftu' I n" o sK wod oks ~ nk e/ ;" I d/ jB. ;t/ o / , gfjo oks ofjz d h jh wo/ gq k Dh dk g[ Z s o
nkfde T[ m e/ Ykj wkodk j? . 13 fdB jo o' } ;t/ o / fJjh e[ M ehsk iKdk j? . fJj Gh fwose
dh nkswk ~ vokT[ D tk;s/ eod/ jB.

s/ o Q t / I fdB fwose dh fefonk ehsh iKdh j? . nukoih nk e/ fJj o;w eokT[ I dk j? .

fJj wo:kdk ftSVh nkswk ~ gq / s i{ B ftu' I eZ Y e/ fgZ s o b' e sZ e ngVkT[ D tk;s/ ehsh iKdh
j? . fJ; s' I gfjbK d;t/ I fdB d;fjok th ehsk iKdk j? .

s/ o Q t / I fdB dh fefonk s' I pknd gq k Dh dh nkswk fgZ s o b' e tb :ksok noz G eo fdz d h
j? . ro[ V g[ o kD nB[ ; ko fgZ s o b' e ngVB tk;s/ 88000 i' i B (fJZ e i' i B uko e' j iK ;kY/
gz i whb) bz p k o;sk sfj eoBk g? I dk j? ns/ 360 fdB brd/ jB. pVk fpZ y Vk s/ jB/ / Q o k g? I vk
j? . o;s/ ftZ u pdp{ d ko t? s oBh Bdh gko eoBh g? I dh j? . fJ; bJh fefonk eoB t/ b / dht/
irkT[ D / ukjhd/ jB sK i' wo/ gq k Dh ~ fgZ s o b' e d/ bz w / g? I v/ (360 fdB) ukBDk fwbdk j? .

fJ; s' I fJbktk FfBuo d/ t s/ d/ wz d o ftZ u d; fdB sZ e jo o' } dhtk irkT[ D k ukjhdk
j? . fefonk ;w/ I nukoih ~ 13 uh}K (SZ s oh, ;' N h, nk;D, eowz v b, Skg(w[ z d oh), iB/ T [ , fyz i K
dz d ;kc eoB bJh, gkDh, eZ u k nz B , s/ b ns/ pZ s hnK, dksBK, GKv/ , p;so, yVktK nkfde)
fdshnK iKdhnK jB. i' T[ ; gq k Dh d/ fgZ s o b' e d/ ;co ftZ u ez w nkT[ I dhnK jB. feT[ I fe o;s/
ftZ u s/ q j brdh j? , jBQ / o k j[ z d k j? , fJ; bJh 360rVth gkDh dh fggb d/ w[ Y ftZ u gkJh iKdh
j? . dbhb fJj fdz d / jB fe jo o' } fJe rVth gkDh dh T[ ; ~ fwbdh j? fi; Bkb fJFBkB
eodk j? ns/ gkDh ghIdk j? . fJ; s' I fJbktk fJj ;z e bg th ehsk iKdk j? fe t? s oBh Bdh ~
gko eoB fjZ s i/ gq k Dh Bfws rT{ dkB eotkJh ikJ/ sK T[ ; dh g{ S geV e/ gko bz x ;edk
j? .
fco o;s/ ftZ u @iw# irks (Tax) wz r d/ jB, ns/ g[ S d/ jB fe s{ z i' gz [ B dkB ehs/
jB, T[ j BK dk fj;kp d/ . fJ; d/ pdb/ e[ M ;j{ b sK fwbdhnK jB.

toQ / I fgS' I woB dh fEZ s T[ s / jh toQ h Dk ehsk iKdk j? . fJ; s' I fgS' I jo ;kb FokXK d/
fdBK ftZ u T[ ; fEZ s s/ pq k jwDK ~ G' i B y[ n kfJnk iKdk j? . fJj Gh ftSV/ ;pz X h ~ okFB
ngDkT[ D bJh jh j[ z d k j? .
 i/ e' J h gq k Dh pj[ s tvh T[ w o dk j' e/ wo/ , g' s fonK gV' f snK tkbk j' ikJ/ sK T[ ; dk
;;eko eoB t/ b / T[ ; dk @tvk# eod/ jB. fi; cZ N / T[ ^ s/ w[ o dk u[ e e/ fbikfJnk iKdk j? T[ ;
cN/ ~ ;' j D/ egfVnK ns/ c[ Z b K Bkb ;ikTId/ jB. w[ o dk b? ikD t/ b / T[ ; d/ T[ s ' I dh T[ ; d/
g' s o/ , gV' s o/ nkfde S[ j ko/ , wykD/ ns/ g? ; / ;[ N d/ jB ns/ uT[ o eod/ jB. fJ; o;w ~
@ppkD# eZ Y Dk nkyd/ jB. feq n k tkb/ fdB ;pz X hnK, fwsoK nkfd dh o' N h ehsh iKdh j? .

r[ o { nwodk; ih pko/ ‘fefonk’ dk G[ b / y k L

@;Z d [ # dh gz i thI gT[ V h ~ gVQ e/ f;Z y ftdtkB ns/ ;z r sK nkw s" o s/ Ngbk yk iKdhnK
jB. ;q h r[ o { roz E ;kfjp dh pkDh ~ T[ ; t/ b / dh gz i kph p' b h ns/ r[ o pkDh d/ ftnkeoD
nB[ ; ko ;wMD tb' I f;Z y gz E d/ goukoeK dh bkgotkjh B/ jh eJh G[ b / y / yV/ eo fdZ s / jB.
fJj G[ b / y / gq ' L ;kfjp f;z x ofus @r[ o pkDh ftnkeoD# dh e;" N h s/ bk e/ eY/ ik u[ e / jB.
fiBQ K gq u koeK ~ ftnkeoD dh ;{ M BjhI T[ j rbs ns/ r[ o wfs fcbk;ch d/ T[ b N noE eod/
jB. fi; d/ cb ;o{ g jh FpdK dh ;jh ;wM BjhI g? I dh ns/ eJh jk;' jhDhnK ;kyhnK Gh ub
gJhnK jB.

;d[ pkDh dk ;q h r[ o { rz q E ;kfjp ft~ u fJz d oki L

r[ o pkDh ftnkeoD dk frnkB Bk j' D eo e/ jh eJh ;iDK B/ fJj wB" s pDk bJh j? fe
Grs pkDh, ;Z s / pbtz v dh tko ns/ ;d[ pkDh nkfd e[ M pkDhnK r[ o { noiB d/ t ih dh Fjhdh
s' I fgS' I doi ehshnK rJhnK. go fJj ftuko iV' Q I rbs jB feT[ I fe r[ o { noiB ;kfjp ih
d[ n kok ;z g kdB d/ tos/ rJ/ Yz r K Bkb n? ; k eoBk n;z G t j? . fJj pkDh okwebh okr ftZ u j? .
i' nz e jo r[ o ftnesh iK pkDh d/ fgS' I nz e s jB, nkU T[ j BK ~ ftukohJ/ .

1430 ;fcnK tkbh @phV# nB[ ; ko okwebh okr ;ck 876 s' I F[ o { jz d k j? . wo:kdk
nB[ ; ko ;G s' I gfjbK r[ o { BkBe d/ t ih d/ Fpd jB. ;ck 879 s/ e[ b i' V 11 fdZ s k frnk j? .
;ck 880L Fpd r[ o { nwodk; ih. f;oc fJe' Fpd j? . fJ;/ jh ;c/ s/ r[ o { okwdk; ih
d/ Fpd F[ o { jz [ d / jB. ;ck 882 s/ fJjBK FpdK dk i' V 6 fdZ s k j' f Jnk j? . fJE/ jh fsz B K r[ o
ftneshnK d/ FpdK dk i' V 18 Gh fbfynk fwbdk j? - 11+1+6=18.

;ck 882 s' I r[ o { noiB d/ t ih d/ Fpd F[ o { j' J / jB. ;ck 886 s/ xo[ 1d/ 11 Fpd
w[ e d/ jB. nrKj @xo2# d/ Fpd jB.

nz e d' j ok eo fdZ s k frnk j? . ;ck 901 s/ fJj bVh ysw j[ z d h j? . d' j ok i' V j? -
45|56| Gkt, 45 Fpd @xo2# d/ jB, ns/ 11 @xo1# d/ . go fJj seohpB ;ko/ Fpd
uT[ g d/ jB. ;ck 901 T^[ s / @xo2# d/ jh d' Fpd d[ j o/ tyo/ d/ e / ;kok i' V 58 fdZ s k frnk j? .
nrKj @gVskb xo 3# d/ d' Fpd jB, ns/ nyho s/ r[ o { noiB ;kfjp d/ ;ko/ FpdK dk i' V
60 fdZ s k frnk j? .

901;c/ s' I jh ;q h r[ o { s/ r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dh pkDh noz G j[ z d h j? i' 902 ;c/ sZ e

iKdh j? . fJjBK d/ fsz B Fpd jB. fJjBK FpdK T[ g oz s i' V 81 fdZ s k j? i' fJ; soQ K j' f JnkL
11 Fpd r[ o { BkBe ;kfjp ih d/
1 Fpd r[ o { nwodk; ;kfjp ih dk
 6 Fpd r[ o { okwdk; ;kfjp ih d/
60 Fpd r[ o { noiB d/ t ;kfjp ih d/
3 Fpd r[ o { s/ r pjkdo ;kfjp ih d/
---
81 e[ b i' V

n;NgdhnK L ;ck 902 s/ r[ o { BkBe d/ t ih dhnK. ;ck 908 s/ ysw. i' V 9. ;ck
908 s' I r[ o { nwodk; ih dhnK. ;ck 912 s/ ysw. i' V 5. d' j K dk i' V 18 Gh w" i { d j? . ;ck
912 s' I r[ o { noiB ;kfjp dhnK. ;ck 916 s/ ysw. i' V 8. fsz B K r[ o { ftneshnK dhnK
n;NgdhnK dk i' V 22.

;ck 917 s/ wjbk 3 dh pkDh nBz d [ . 40 gT[ V hnK dh ;kps pkDh ;ck 922 s/ w[ e dh
j? . nyhobk nz e 1, Gkt fJj fJe pkDh ;wMh ikJ/ . ;ck 923 s/ @;d[ # 6 gT[ V hnK dh fJe
pkDh. ;ck 924 s/ nyhobk nz e 6|1|

;ck 924 s' I Sz s wjbk 5 d/ . ;ck 927 s/ 4 Sz s ysw j[ z d / jB, go gz i t/ I Sz s dhnK

f;oc 2 s[ e K jB. fJ; s' I nrKj wjbk 5 dk o[ s h ;b' e j? . fJj fJe bz w k Sz s j? ;b' e K
;w/ s . fJ; d/ 8 pz d jB, jo/ e d/ Bkb fJe fJe ;b' e j? . ;ko/ Sz s ~ fJe (1) ;wMDk j? .
fJ; tk;s/ ;ck 929 T[ s / fJ; d/ nyho d/ nz e j? 8|1|

go fJ; nz e d/ Bkb jh nz e jB 6|8| fJBQ K ~ osk ;wMD dh b' V j? .

n;Ngdh w[ e D s/ L
nBz d [ - 1 pkDh
;d[ - 1 pkDh
Sz d - 5
o[ s h ;b' e - 1
-----------
e[ b i' V – 8

n;NgdhnK s'I fgZS'I gfjbK wjbK 3 dh pkDh @nBzd[# j?, nyho s/ wjbk 5 dk o[sh ;b'e j?. s/,
@;d[# ;w/s i'V 8 fdZsk j'fJnk j?.

i/ r[ o { noiB ;kfjp ih dh Fjhdh s' I fgZ S ' I @;d[ # dh pkDh doi j' J h j[ z d h, sK gfjbK
nz e 7 jz [ d k, fi; ~ i' V e/ nz e 8 pDkfJnk iKdk.

r[ o { nwodk; ih dh shoE :ksok L

eJh brGr frnkBh fJj ftuko fdz d / d/ y / rJ/ jB fe, r[ o { ;kfjp f;Z y h XkoB eoB s' I
gfjbK 19 ;kb jod[ n ko rJ/ ;B, i' fe T[ j BK dk jo ;kb dk fB:w ;h, fJ; bJh T[ j BK B/
nkgD/ nz s w ;w/ I fJj fejk fe w/ o / c[ b jod[ n ko b? ikD/ . T[ j BK ny" s h frnkBhnK dh ;/ t k
fty/ fJj p/ B sh j? fe r[ o { nwodk; ih B/ r[ o { nz r d ;kfjp ih d/ gk; ;z B 1541 ftu nkT[ D
wro' I , fjz d { - ws tkbk shoE-fJFBkB dk fB:w p/ - b' V tK ;wM e/ SZ v fdZ s k ;h. ;z B 1541 JhH
s' I fgZ S ' I nkgD/ 34 ;kbK d/ ;ohoe ihtB ftu e/ t b fJe tkoh jod[ n ko r[ o wfs gq u ko fjs
jh rJ/ ;B ns/ T[ ; ;w/ I r[ o rdh s/ p? f mnK 6 ;kb j' u[ Z e / ;B. fJ; gq u koe d" o / pko/ r[ o {
okwdk; ih s[ y koh okr ftu fbyd/ jB L

qIrQ au d mu siqgu r U kIAw sB lo k au D rx ArQw ]

(gz B k 1116)
scw qIrQu ijqu sq sir nwvxu gu r mu i K Awip bu J wey ]
ATsiT qIrQ gu r sbid idKwey iqqu nwqY mlu jwey ]
(gz B k 753)
✤✤✤

b\} @;d[ # gz i kph ftu tofsnk iKdk j? , fi; dk noE j? @nktk}# fJj ;z ; feq s d/
b\} @Fpd# dk gq k fes o{ g j? ns/ gz i kph ftu Gh @;d[ # eoe/ jh T[ u kfonk iKdk j? .

okwebh okr ftu fbyh fJ; pkDh dk Bkw @;d[ # j? , fJE/ fJ; dk Gkt j? L oZ p tZ b ' I r[ o {
nwodk; ih ~ nkfJnk j' f Jnk ;Z d k.

fJj t;hns tkose o{ g ftu ;h. r[ o { nwodk; ih d/ gVg' s / (pkpk w' j oh ih d/ g' s o/
pkpk nBz d ih d/ g[ Z s o) pkpk ;[ z d o ih B/ fJ; ~ eftsk dk o{ g fdZ s k. r[ o { noiB ;kfjp B/
fJ; pkDh ~ jw/ F k bJh r[ o f;Z y K dh nrtkJh tk;s/ ;q h r[ o { rq z E ;kfjp ih ftu ftdwkB ehsk.

rwmklI sdu å siqgu r pR s wid ]

jig dwqw so i e Bgiq vClu iqhu lo i e jIau ]
gu r sbid smwvey Avru n jwxY ko i e jIau ]
(gz B k 923)

gd noE L 2 ifr dksk ;' f J-i' nekb g[ o y irs ftu (ihtK ~) dksK pyFD tkbk j? .
ifr-irs ftu. Grfs-Grsh (Grs-pj[ t uB, Grs[ - fJe tuB) tSb[ - fgnko eoB tkbk.
Grfs tSb[ dksk-Grsh Bkb fgnko eoB tkbk dksk. fsj[ b' f J-fsz B K b' e K (nekF, gkskb
ns/ wkb b' e , Gkt ;koh f;q F Nh) ftu. r[ o { ;pfd-r[ o { d/ Fpd okjhI, r[ o { d/ T[ g d/ F okjhI.
;wktJ/ - bhB j[ z d k j? (r[ o { nwodk; ih T[ ; nekb g[ o y ftu ;wkT[ I d/ jB.)

noE L i' nekb g[ o y irs ftu (ihtK ~) dksK pyFD tkbk j? i' ;koh f;q F Nh ftu
Grsh eoB tkfbnK ~ fgnko eodk j? . r[ o { nwodk; ih, ;fsr[ o { d/ Fpd okjhI, T[ ; nekb
g[ o y ftu bhB oj/ jB ns/ nekb g[ o y s' I fpBK fe;/ j' o ~ T[ ; tork BjhI ikDd/ .

Avro n jwxih sbid gu r kY ey k u nwmu iDAwvhy ]

prswid nwnk gu r U AM g d prm pdvI pwvhy ]
(gz B k 923)

B'N L d{ih s[Ze ftu bc} @ikD?# nkfJnk j? ns/ shih ftu @ikDfj# j?. ftnkeoD nB[;ko b\}
@ikD?# toswkB ekb (Present tense) nZB-g[oy (Third person), fJe tuB (Singular number)
j?. fJ; ;koh gT[Vh ftu (r[o{ nwodk;) tb fJFkok j?. ;' b\} @r[o{ nwodk;# fJ; feqnk dk @eosk#
(Subject) j?. fJ; dk noE j? - (r[o{ nwodk;) ikDdk j?. shih s[Ze ftu b\} @ikDfj# j?, fJj @ikD?#
dk pj[tuB (Plural number) j?, fit/I @rkt?# s'I @rktfj# j?. fJ; dk noE j? @ikDd/ jB#. fJE/ ;fseko
gqrN eoB tk;s/ feqnk @ikDfj# pj[-tuB ftu j?. fJ; dk noE j?-r[o{ nwodk; ih ikDd/ jB.

gd noE L ;pfd r[ o e? - r[ o { d/ Fpd dh okjhI. fXnktj/ = fXnktfj-fXnkT[ I d/ jBl

eJh EkJhI eftsk ftu Sz d dk fynkb oZ y e/ @fj# ehsk iKdk j? l fJ;/ soQ K @gktj/ # b\}
@gktfj# s' I j? . go;kfd-feogk Bkb. go;kfd BkBe r[ o { nz r d-r[ o { BkBe ns/ r[ o { nz r d
;kfjp dh feogk Bkb. gow gdth-T[ ^ uk o[ s pk, r[ o { dh gdth.

noE L fco fdq V Q eokT[ I d/ jB, @r[ o { nwodk; ih e/ t b fJe' tkfjr[ o { ~ jh wz B d/ jB,
r[ o { d/ Fpd okjhI T[ ; / ftu bhB ofjz d / jB ns/ T[ ; fijk fe;/ j' o ~ BjhI ;wMd/ l e/ t b fJe
Bkw ~ jh fXnkT[ I d/ jB. r[ o { BkBe r[ o { nz r d d/ t ih dh feq g k Bkb T[ j pj[ s T[ u / doi/ ~
gq k gs eo u[ e / jB-nv' b nt;Ek gq k gs eo u[ e / jB.#

(fJj r[ o { nz r d d/ t ih dh fwjo jh ;h ns/ r[ o { BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ T[ g d/ F jh ;B,

fiBQ K B/ fBEkt/ I ns/ fBr[ o / @nwodk;# ~ n? ; h T[ ^ uh gdth s/ gj[ z u kfJnk fe T[ j r[ o rZ d h d/
bkfJe ;wM/ rJ/ . )

AwieAw hkwrw clxvwrw hir rwm nwim smwieAw ]

jig Amru Atlu Aqolu Twkuru Bgiq qy hir pwieAw ] 1 ]
(gz B k 923)

gd noE L jekok-;Z d k. ubDjkok-ubD dk (;z [ d o ih r[ o { noiB ;kfjp ~ d;d/ jB

fe w/ o / gVdkdk ih ~ jekok nkfJnk @Gkt# ;Z d k nkfJnk). nwo[ - i' woB tkbk BjhI. nN[ b -
B ubkJ/ w kB. ns' b [ - fi; pko/ e' J h nz d k}k BjhI j' ;edk. mke[ o [ - nekb g[ o y.
noE L fijV/ r[ o { nwodk; ih nekb g[ o y d/ Bkw ftu bhB ;B X[ o ' I T[ j BK d/ ubD dk
;Z d k nk frnk. ;[ z d o ih d;d/ jB fe r[ o { nwodk; ih B/ irs ftu ofjz f dnK nwo, nNZ b ,
ns' b gq G { ~ Grsh okjhI gq k gs eo fbnk j' f Jnk ;h|1|

hir Bwxw gur BwieAw guru jwvY hir pRB pwis jIau ]
siqguru kry hir pih bynqI myrI pYj rKhu Ardwis jIau ]
(gz B k 923)

B' N L fJ; gT[ V h ftu @toswkB ekb# G{ s ekb d/ Gkt ftu tofsnk j? .

gd noE L jfo GkDk-joh dk GkDk, nekb g[oy dh o}k. r[o GkfJnk-r[o{ nwodk; ih ~ fwZmk
brk. r[o[ ikt?-r[o{ (nwodk;) ikD ~ fsnko j' gJ/. ;fsr[o{-r[o{ nwodk;. jfo gfj-nekb g[oy d/ nr/.

noE L ;[ z d o ih ftuko g/ F eod/ jB fe i' ;Z d k (joekok) ;fsr[ o nwodk; ih ~

nekb g[ o y tZ b ' I nkfJnk T[ j r[ o { ih ~ uz r k brk, Gkt nekb g[ o y dh o}k uz r h bZ r h. r[ o {
ih nekb g[ o y gk; ikD ~ fsnko j' rJ/ . Gkt/ I T[ j BK ~ gsk ;h fe w? I nekb g[ o y d/ uoBK
ftu ik fojk jK, fco th nwodk; ih B/ nekb g[ o y nr/ p/ B sh ehsh fe w/ o h g? i (bki) oy'
ns/ w? ~ nkgD/ uoBK ftu fBtk; d/ e/ iBw woB dk r/ V k ysw eo' .
pYj rwKhu hir jnh kyrI hir dyhu nwmu inrMjno ]
AMiq clidAw hoie bylI jmdUq kwlu inKMjno ]
(gz B k 923)
gd noE L jfoiBj e/ o h-joh d/ dk;K dh. jfo-j/ joh. fBoz i B' - fBo+nz i B, wkfJnk
ofjs. nz f s-nz s t/ b / , nyhob/ ;w/ I . fByz i B' - Bk; eoB tkbk.

noE L j/ joh, nkgD/ ;/ t eK dh bki oZ y ' ns/ wkfJnk s' I fBow' j eoB tkbk nkgDk
Bkw pyF, i' nyho ubD t/ b / ;kEh pD/ ns/ iwd{ s K no ekb ~ Bk; eo/ .

siqgurU kI bynqI pweI hir pRiB suxI Ardwis jIau ]

hir Dwir ikrpw siqguru imlwieAw Dnu Dnu khY swbwis jIau ]2]
(gz B k 923)

gd noE L ;fsr[ o eh p/ B sh gkJh-r[ o { nwodk; ih dh ehsh j' J h p/ B sh. jfo gq G { -

joh gq G { B/ . Xkfo feogk-feogk eoe/ . ;fsr[ o [ fwbkfJnk-r[ o { nwodk; ih ~ (nkgD/ ftu)
fwbkfJnk. ej? - (nekb g[ o y) efjz d k j? .

noE L ;[ z d o ih d;d/ jB fe r[ o { nwodk; ih dh ehsh p/ B sh, fJj nodk;, nekb

g[ o y gq G { B/ ;[ D bJh ns/ fwjo eoe/ r[ o { nwodk; ih ~ nkgD/ uoBK ftu i' V fbnk ns/
efjD brk L FkpkF sz { Xz B j? I , sz { Xz B j? I !! ;z [ d o ih efjD dk Gkt fJj j? fe r[ o { ;kfjp dh
xkb ewkJh EKfJ gJh |2|

myry isK suxhu puq BweIho myrY hir Bwxw Awau mY pwis jIau ]
hir Bwxw gur BwieAw myrw hir pRBu kry swbwis jIau ]
(gz B k 923)

gd noE L w/o/ f;Zy, g[s GkJhj'-j/ w/o/ f;Zy' ! j/ w/o/ g[so', j/ w/o/ Gokt'. GkDk-GkfJnk j?. w/o/ jfo
GkDk-w/o/ nekb g[oy ~ fJj uzrk brk j?. r[o{ GkfJnk-r[o{ ~ fwZmk brk j?. eo/ ;kpkf;-FkpkF nkydk
j? .
noE L j/ w/o/ f;Zy', j/ w/o/ g[so', j/ w/o/ Gokt', ;[D' @w/o/ nekb g[oy ~ fJj uzrk brk j? ns/ w?~
T[; B/ j[ew ehsk j?-w/o/ gk; nkU#. nekb g[oy dh o}k r[o{ ~ fwZmh brh j?, w/ok gqG{ w?~ FpkF d/ fojk
j?.
Bgqu siqguru purKu soeI ijsu hir pRB Bwxw Bwvey ]
AwnMd Anhd vjih vwjy hir Awip gil mylwvey ]
(gz B k 923)

gd noE L fi; GktJ/ - fi; ~ fwmk brdk j? . gq G GkDk-gq G { dk GkDk. nkBz d tki/ -
nBz d d/ tki/ . nBjd-fJeo; brksko, :' r h wz B d/ jB fe gz u Fpd (;z y , fwq d z r , fez r oh,
w[ o bh s/ thDk) ;[ D kJh fdz d / jB. fJjBK nktk}K (;[ o K) ~ jh T[ j nBjd Fpd dk o; nkT[ I dk
j? sd wB d/ soz r FKs j' iKd/ jB. r[ o wfs doFB nB[ ; ko @nBjd Fpd# dk Gkt j? - r[ o f;y
dk tkfjr[ o { d/ uoBK ftu brksko i[ V / ofjDk. r[ o wfs nfGnk;h id' I @Fpd# ftu nkgDh
@;[ o s# ~ i' V d/ jB sK T[ j BK d/ wB ftu' I ekwBktK ysw j' iKdhnK jB ns/ T[ j BK dh fJeo;,
brksko fbt gq G { uoBK ftZ u br iKdh j? . T[ j BK ~ :' r hnK tkbhnK gz i ntk}k ;[ D B dh b' V
BjhI ofjz d h. :EkL-

Anhd sbid su h wvxy pweIAY gu r vIcwir ]

Anhd bwxI pweIAY qh hau m Y ho i e ibnwsu ]
(gz B k 21)
noE L nekb g[ o y dh o}k r[ o { ~ fwZ m h brh j? , w/ o k gq G { w? B z { FkpkF d/ fojk j? . T[ j h
(wB[ y ) Grs j? , g{ o k r[ o { j? fi; ~ oZ p dk GkDk fwZ m k brdk j? . T[ ; d/ nz d o d/ tki/ fJeo;
tZ i d/ jB, nekb g[ o y T[ ; ~ nkg nkgD/ rb bkT[ I dk j? .

qusI puq BweI prvwru myrw min vyKhu kir inrjwis jIau ]
Duir iliKAw prvwxw iPrY nwhI guru jwie hir pRB pwis jIau ]3]
(gz B k 923)
gd noE L wfB-wB ftZ u . efo fBoikf;-fBoBk eo e/ / . X[ f o-X[ o ' I , oZ p tb' I . gotkDK-
j[ e w. fco? Bkjh-w' f Vnk BjhI ik ;edk.
noE L s[ ; hI w/ o / g[ Z s o j' , w/ o / Gok j' , w/ o k gotko j' , wB ftZ u fenk; eo e/ t/ y ' fe
X[ o ' I fbfynk j' f Jnk j[ e w ed/ Nb BjhI ;edk. fJ; bJh j[ D r[ o { j[ D nekb g[ o y d/ e' b ik
fojk j? .
siqguir BwxY AwpxY bih prvwru sdwieAw ]
mq mY ipCY koeI rovsI so mY mUil n BwieAw ]
(gz B k 923)
gd noE L ;fsr[ f o-;fsr[ o { B/ . GkD? nkgD/ nkgD/ GkD? ftZ u , nkgDh wo}h Bkb.
pfj-p? m e/ . w? I fgS/ - w/ o / fgS' I / .
noE L ;fsr[ o { nwodk; ih B/ / ;ko/ gq t ko ~ p[ b kfJnk ns/ T[ g d/ F ehsk fe w/ o / fgS' I
e' J h Bk o' t / feT[ I fe o' D tkbk w? ~ T[ ^ ek jh uz r k BjhI brdk.

imqu pYJY imqu ibgsY ijsu imq kI pYj Bwvey ]

qusI vIcwir dyKhu puq BweI hir siqgurU pYnwvey ]
(gz B k 923)
gd noE L g? M / - wkD gkT[ I dk j? . fpr;? - fyVdk j? , y[ F j[ z d k j? . fi;[ - fi; wB[ y ~.
g? i -bki, fJ}s, tfvnkJh. GktJ/ - GkT[ I dh j? , uz r h brdh j? . thukfo-thuko e/ . g[ s GkJh-j/
w/ o / g[ s o' s/ Gokt' . ;fsr[ o { - r[ o { ~. g? B ktJ/ - f;o' g k d/ fojk j? , nkdo d/ fojk j? .
noE L i/ e o s[ ; hI w? B z { fwb oj/ wkD ftZ u y[ F h wfj;{ ; eod/ j' , sK s[ ; hI th y[ F j' t ' ,
feT[ I fe fi; wB[ y ~ nkgD/ fwZ s o dh tfvnkJh j[ z d h uz r h brdh j? T[ j y[ F j[ z d k j? . s[ ; hI Gh
j/ w/ o / g[ s o s/ Gokt' ! j[ D thuko eo e/ t/ y bt' fe nekb g[ o y r[ o { ~ nkdo d/ fojk j? l
fJ; tk;s/ i/ e o s[ ; hI w/ o / ;Z u / g[ s o j' , sK y[ F j' t ' .

siqgurU prqiK hodY bih rwju Awip itkwieAw ]

siB isK bMDp puq BweI rwmdws pYrI pwieAw ] 4 ]
(gz B k 923)
 gd noE L gosfy j' d ? - gosZ y j[ z f dnK, fJ; ;oho ftZ u j[ z f dnK jh. oki[ - r[ f onkJh dk
oki, r[ f onkJh dh rZ d h. fNekfJnk-Ekg fdsk. pzXg-nzr ;ke. okwdk; g?oh-r[o{ okwdk; ih d/ g?oK
T[s/.
noE L fJj T[ g d/ F d/ e/ , fco r[ o { nwodk; ih B/ ;ohoe ikw/ ftZ u j[ z f dnK jh nkg
r[ f onkJh dh rZ d h Gh Ekg fdZ s h (Gkt r[ o { okwdk; ih ~ r[ o { Ekg fdZ s k) ns/ ;ko/ f;Z y K, ;ke
;pz X hnK, g[ s oK s/ ;ko/ GkJhuko/ ~ r[ o { okwdk; ih dh uoBh bk fdsk.

AMqy siqguru boilAw mY ipCY kIrqnu kirAhu inrbwxu jIau ]

kyso gopwl pMifq sidAhu hir hir kQw pVih purwxu jIau ]
(gz B k 923)
gd noE L nz s / - nz s ;w/ I , i' s h i' f s ;wkT[ D t/ b / . fBopkD[ ehosB[ - fBo' b ehosB.
efonj[ - s[ ; hI efoU. e/ ; ' - bz w / e/ ; K tkbk. r' g kb-f;q F Nh dk wkbe. e/ ; ' r/ g kb-bz w / e/ ; K tkbk
i' f;q F Nh ~ gkfb fojk j? , Gkt tfjr[ o { . r[ o pkDh ftZ u eJh j' o gq w kD fwbd/ jB, fiE/ e/ ; ' s/
r' g kb b\} tkfjr[ o { bJh tos/ rJ/ jB, fit/ I L

kbIr ky s o ky s o kU k IAY n so e IAY Aswr ]

(gz B k 1376)
ky s v kly s nws AG KM f n nwnk jIvq drs idsy ]
(gz B k 829)
ipM f u pqil my r I ky s au ikirAw scu nwmu krqwru ]
(gz B k 358)
go p wl gu x iniD sdw sM g y srb gu x jgdIsrY ]
(gz B k 1278)
go p wl drs By t M sPl nwnk so mhU r qh ]
(gz B k 709)

gz f vs-r[ o f;Z y L

fJE/ @gz f vs# pj[ t uB d/ o{ g ftu tofsnk frnk j? , feT[ I fe @s{ z w[ e sk j? . i/ e o fJE/
fJe gz f vs tb fJFkok j[ z d k sK (r[ o pkDh ftnkeoD d/ B/ w nB[ ; ko) @s# ~ n" I eV j[ z d k. ;'
fJE/ gz f vs bc} T[ ; nukoi gq s h BjhI tofsnk frnk i' fefonk-eow eokT[ I dk j? , ;r' I
pj[ s / gz f vsK-r[ o f;Z y K gq s h nkfJnk j? .

fjz d { n K ftu gz f vs T[ ; ~ nkfynk iKdk j? , i' S/ Fk;soK dk t/ s k j' t / , f;z w q s hnK ns/
g[ o kDK dk nfXnB eo u[ e k j' t / ns/ t/ d K dk frnksk j' t / . go r[ o wfs ftu i' gz f vs gq t kB
jB T[ j BK ~ T[ g o' e s g[ ; se dk frnkB jk;b eoBk BjhI g? I dk, ;r' I nekb g[ o y dk nB[ G th
frnkB gq k gs eoBk g? I dk j? . r[ o wfs d/ gz f vs (f;Z y ) tkfjr[ o { d/ uoBK ftu i[ V / ofjz d / jB.
fJjBK ftukoK dh gq ' V Q s k j/ m fby/ r[ o tkeK s' I Gbh GKs j' ikt/ r h L
 so pM i fqu jo mnu prbo D Y ] rwm nwmu Awqm mih so D Y ]
(gz B k 274)
so piVAw so pM i fqu bInw gu r sbid kry vIcwru ]
AM d ru Ko j Y qqu lhY pwey mo K du A wru ]
(gz B k 650)
so piVAw so pM i fqu bInw ijn@ I kmwxw nwau ]
pihlo dy jV AM d ir jM m Y qw au p ir ho v Y CWau ]
(gz B k 1288)

T[ g ob/ gq w kDK s' I ;gZ F N Gkt fJj j? fe r[ o { ih eow-eKvh, gz f vs dk yz v B eoe/ d;d/

jB fe n;bh gz f vs sK T[ j jB i' r[ o f;Z y h wkor s/ ubd/ jB, Bk fe eow eKvh gz f vs. yz v B
eoB dk fJj Yz r r[ o { ih dk nkgDk jh j? .

fco ;koh r[ o pkDh ftnkeofDe B/ w K nB[ ; ko j? . fiE/ fes/ th @gz f vs# pj[ t uB o{ g
ftu tofsnk j? , T[ E / @s# w[ e sk j? , ns/ fJe tuB o{ g @gz f vs# d/ @s# ~ n" I eV j? . fit/ I
eosk ekoe, Singular form (fJe tuB) L

piV piV pM i fqu bwdu vKwxY ] BIqir ho d I vsqu n jwxY ]

(gz B k 152)
mwieAw kw mu h qwju pM i fqu khwvY ]
(gz B k 231)
pM i fqu ho i e kY by d u bKwnY ] mU r Ku nwmdy a u rwmih jwnY ]
(gz B k 718)
piV pM i fqu Avrw smJwey ] Gr jlqy kI Kbir n pwey ]
ibnu siqgu r sy v y nwmu n pweIAY piV Qwky sWiq n AweI hy ]
(gz B k 1046)
nwau PkIrY pwiqswhu mU r K pM i fqu nwau ]
AM D y kw nwau pwrKU ey v Y kry gu A wau ]
(gz B k 1288)
eosk ekoe, Plural form (pj[ t uB) L

pM i fq vwcih po Q IAw nw bU J ih vIcwru ]

(gz B k 56)
piV piV pM i fq mo n I Qky dU j Y Bwie piq Ko e I ]
(gz B k 70)
mU r K pM i fq ihkmiq hu j iq sM j Y krih ipAwru ]
(gz B k 469)
pM i fq BU l y dU j Y lwgy mwieAw kY vwpwir ]
(gz B k 647)
by d pVy piV pM i fq mU e y rU p u dy i K dy i K nwrI ] 3 ]
(gz B k 654)
bwhrhu pM i fq sdwiedy mnhu mU r K gwvwr ]
(gz B k 1091)
 ;' ;gZ F N j? fe fJE/ i' @gz f vs# bc} nkfJnk j? T[ ; dk noE j? - pj[ s ;ko/ gz f vs Gkt
r[ o f;Z y . fjz d { ws dh gq u bs wo:kdk nB[ ; ko e/ t b fJe' jh nkukoih ;koh fefonk bJh j[ z d k
j? go fJE/ sK ;kfjp B/ pj[ s / gz f vsK ~ fejk j? ;' ;gZ F N j' f Jnk fe r[ o { ;kfjp dk fJFkok
r[ o f;Z y K tb ;h.

gVfj-gVQ d / jB, fJj fefonk @pj[ tuB# j? , fJ; dk fJe tuB @gV? # j? . fJ; bJh
j' o th ;gFN j' iKdk j? fe fJE/ fe;/ fJe @gz f vs# tb fJFkok BjhI j? l eJh gz f vsK ~ ;dD
dk j[ e w j? , i' nk e/ @jfo eEk#-@joh d/ r[ D # ns/ jfo Bkw[ o{ g h g[ o kD gVQ B .

jfo jfo-nekb g[ o y dh f;cs ;bkj tkb/ g[ o kD dh eEk. (eJh frnkBh @jfo jfo# d/
rbs noE eod/ jBl gfjbk jfo-ftF~, ns/ d{ i k jfo-ro[ V )

go T[jBK ~ fJj ;wM BjhI nkJh fe nrbh s[e ftu ;fsr[o ih fco efj oj/ jB fe jfo-eEk
gVQ', Gkt-tkfjr[o{ dh f;cs-;bkj ;[D' L

hir kQw pVIAY hir nwmu su x IAY

(gz B k 923)
noE L i'sh-i'fs ;wkT[D t/b/ r[o{ nwodk; ih B/ nkfynk, @j/ GkJh! w/o/ fgS'I fBo'b ehosB efoU,
e/;' r'gkb (nekb g[oy) d/ gzfvs ~, Gkt r[of;ZyK ~, ;Zd xZfbU, i' nk e/ nekb g[oy dh eEk dh tkosk
eoB ns/ f;cs ;bkj o{gh g[okD gVQB. u/sk ofyU. w/o/ tk;s/ nekb g[oy dk f;woB-f;cs ;bkj eoBk
jh ro[V g[okD dh eEk j?.

hir kQw pVIAY hir nwmu suxIAY bybwxu hir rMgu gur Bwvey ]
ipMfu pqil ikirAw dIvw Pul hir sir pwvey ]
(gz B k 923)

gd noE L p/ p kD-tvk eoBk (fjz d { ohsh nB[ ; ko gVg' s / tkbk j' e/ gq k Dh wo/ sK tvk
eod/ jB. fwq s e ~ cZ N / T[ g o fbNkfJnk iKdk j? . u" y N/ T[ g o Mz v hnK nkfd dh ;iktN ehsh
iKdh j? , ns/ g? ; / , c[ b wykD/ nkfd T[ g o f;N/ iKd/ jB, uT[ o ehsk ikdk j? ns/ p? I v tki/
tikJ/ iKd/ jB. feT[ I fe T[ ; / ;w/ I ;fsr[ o K dh nk:{ 95 ;kb dh ;h, T[ j BK B/ j[ e w ehsk fe
w? ~ @tZ v k# th BjhI eoBk. jfo oz r -nekb g[ o y dk fgnko. r[ o GktJ/ - r[ o { ~ uz r k brdk j? .

fgz v gsfb fefonk dhtk c[ b jfo ;fo gktJ/ - fJj fJe Complete (g{ o B) fceok j? .
eJhnK B/ @jfo ;fo# ;fs ;z r s tk;s/ tofsnk frnk j? . i/ @jfo ;fo# dk wsbp @rz r k Bdh#
fbnk ikt/ sK Gkt fJj j' f Jnk fe w? I ;kohnK uh}K rz r k ftu gKdk jKl Gkt, egV/ , nz B , dhtk
ns/ j' o uh}K ;G rz r k ftu gkT[ I dk jK. fJ; dk e' J h noE BjhI fBebdk feT[ I fe fjz d { th edh
T[ g o' e s t;sK rz r k ftu BjhI gkT[ I d/ . T[ j e/ t b c[ b (n;shnK) jh rz r k ftu gkT[ I d/ jB.

fJE/ fJj uh} fXnkB wz r dh j? fe @fefonk# fe;/ uh} dk Bkw BjhI j? i' @jfod[ n ko#
ftu gkJh ik ;e/ . go ;fsr[ o nwodk; ih fJjBK ;GBK ~ @;fs;zrs# ftu gkT[Id/ jB, Gkt fJjBK
uh}K ~ @;fs;zrs# s'I tkod/ jB, ;G Bkb'I ;fs;zr eoB ~ jh ;o/FN ;wMd/ jB.
 gktJ/-(r[o{) gktJ/, r[o{ gKdk j?. (;wktJ/, w/bktJ/, g?BktJ/, GktJ/ - fJj ;ko/ Fpd @toswkB
ekb#, nBg[ o y, fJe tuB ftu jB ns/ gktj/ , fXnktj/ pj[ t uB jB.

noE L r[ o { ;kfjp fco fdq V Q eokT[ I d/ jB fe u/ s k ofyU, w/ o / fgS' I nekb g[ o y dh

eEk jh gVQ B h ukjhdh j? , nekb g[ o y dk Bkw jh ;[ D Bk ukjhdk j? , p/ p kD Gh r[ o { ~ e/ t b
nekb g[ o y dk fgnko jh uz r k brdk j? , r[ o { sK fgz v gsfb, fefonk dhtk ns/ c[ b -fJjBK
;GBK ~ ;fs;z r s' I ;de/ eodk j? .

hir BwieAw siqguru boilAw hir imilAw purKu sujwxu jIau ]

rwmdws soFI iqlku dIAw gur sbdu scu nIswxu jIau ] 5 ]
(gz B k 923)

gd noE L ;[ i kD[ , g[ o y[ - nekb g[ o y. fsbe[ dhnk-r[ f onkJh pyFh. Bh;kD[ - gotkBk,

okjdkoh.

noE L nekb g[ o y ~ fgnko/ bZ r / j' J / r[ o { B/ (T[ ; t/ b / ) fJT[ I nkfynk, @@;fsr[ o { ~

;[ i kD nekb g[ o y fwb frnk j? . ## fco r[ o { nwodk; ih ;' Y h (r[ o { ) okwdk; ih ~ r[ f onkJh
ns/ r[ o { d/ Fpd o{ g h ;Z u h okjdkoh pyFh|5|

siqguru purKu ij boilAw gurisKw mMin leI rjwie jIau ]

mohrI puqu snmuKu hoieAw rwmdwsY pYrI pwie jIau ]
(gz B k 924)
gd noE L ;fsr[ o [ g[ o y[ - g{ o k r[ o { , r[ o { nwodk;. oikfJ-(r[ o { dk) j[ e w. ;Bw[ y [
j' f Jnk-r[ o { nwodk; ih d/ ;kjwD/ ;[ o yo{ j' yb' s k. okwdk;? g? o h-r[ o { okwdk; ih d/ uoBK
s/ . gkfJ-g? e/ .

noE L id' I r[ o { nwodk; ih B/ puB ehsk fe ;ko/ r[ o { okwdk; ih dh uoBhI brD, sK

r[ o f;yK B/ r[ o { nwodk; ih dk j[ e w wz B fbnk. r[ o { nwodk; ih d/ g[ s o w' j oh ih r[ o {
okwdk; ih d/ g? o K s/ g? e/ fgsk ;kwQ D / ;[ o yo{ j' e/ nk yb' s / .

sB pvY pYrI siqgurU kyrI ijQY gurU Awpu riKAw ]

koeI kir bKIlI invY nwhI iPir siqgurU Awix invwieAw ]
(gz B k 824)

gd noE L ;G-;koh b'ekJh. ;fsr[o{ e/oh-r[o{ okwdk; ih dh. nkg[-nkgD/ nkg ~, nkgDh nkswk.
pyhbh-fBzdk. nkfD-fbnk e/.

noE L r[ o { okwdk; ih ftu r[ o { nwodk; ih B/ nkgDh nkswk fNek fdZ s h, fJ; bJh
;koh b' e kJh r[ o { okwdk; ih dh g? o hI nk gJh. i' e' J h fBz d k eoe/ gfjbK BjhI Gh ;h fBftnk,
T[ ; ~ Gh r[ o { nwodk; ih B/ fbnk e/ nk g? o hI gkfJnk.
 hir gurih Bwxw dIeI vifAweI Duir iliKAw lyKu rjwie jIau ]
khY suMdru suxhu sMqhu sBu jgqu pYrI pwie jIau ] 6 ] 1 ]
(gz B k 824)

gd noE L r[ o fj GkDK-r[ o { (nwodk; ih ~) uz r k brk. dhJh-fdsh (r[ o { okwdk; ih

~). y[ b / oikfJ-nekb g[ o y dk j[ e w. g? o hI gkfJ-r[ o { okwdk; ih d/ g? o K T[ s / fgnk.

noE-;[ z d o nkydk j? - j/ ;z s j[ ! ;[ D ' , nekb g[ o y ns/ r[ o { nwodk; ih ~ fJjh uz r k

bZ r k, T[ j BK r[ o { okwdk; ih ~ tfvnkJh pyFh, X[ o ' I nekb g[ o y dk fJjh j[ e w fbfynk
nkfJnk ;h, fJ;/ tk;s/ ;kok irs r[ o { okwdk; ih dh g? o hI fgnk.6.

fJ; pkDh dh ftuko s' I fJj ;gFN j? fe r[ o f;yK B/ fwose-fefonk t/ b / -

(1) fgz v , gsb nkfd r[ o wfs-fto' X h eow BjhI eoB/ .

(2) c[ b BjhI u[ r D/ , Bk jh jod[ n ko, gskbg[ o h nkfd ftu c[ b gkT[ D ikDk j? .
(3) ro[ V g[ o kD dh eEk BjhI eoBh. ;r' I ;G f;Z y K B/ fwb e/ r[ o pkDh rkfJB eoBh
j? .
(4) fwos gq k Dh d/ ftS' V / ftu T[ u h T[ u h o' D k BjhI, ;r' I tkfjr[ o { d/ j[ e w ftu ofjDk
j? - GkD/ ~ fwZ m k eoe/ wz B Dk j? .
✷✷✷

Lc[ N B' N L
1H g[ o kD fjz d { ;wki ftu T[ j BK g[ ; seK ~ nkyd/ jB, i' foFh ftnk; d/ Bkw j/ m K iK T[ ; d/
ftdtkBK d/ fby/ j' J / Xow rq z E jB. fJj e[ b 18 jB.
2H fjz d { fcbk;ch nB[ ; ko fJ; f;q F Nh ~ fsz B d/ t s/ ubkT[ D tkb/ - pDkT[ D tkbk pq j wk, wkoB
tkbk fFtih ns/ gkbDk eoB tkbk ftF~ ih-jB. go r[ o wfs ftu ;fsr[ o K ;wMkfJnk L

AwpIn@ Y Awpu swijE AwpIn@ Y ricE nwau ]

du X I ku d riq swjIAY kir Awsxu ifTo cwau ]
(gz B k 463)