ETIOLOGY

- Unknown
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BUERGER’S DISEASE/THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS
PRECIPITATING
FACTORS Plaques/Deposits of
Nicotine on the veins or
- smoking artery

Hypersensitivity reaction to
tobacco products or
autoimmune elements

Inflammation of the small

and medium-sized arteries
and veins of the extremities

Inflammatory factors (neutrophils,

Thickened artery and
lymphocytes and others) migrates
veins of the
to the inflamed artery or vein
extremities

Platelets deposits on the

thickened artery and Micro abscess
veins formation

Fibrinoid Luminal thrombotic

occlusion occlusion

Impaired blood
circulation

Early Signs and Ischemia Advance/Late Signs and

Symptoms Symptoms
Injury
Claudication type of Thrombophlebitis with
pain Necrosis trauma

Color Changes (Pallor) Ulceration

Temperature changes Gangrene

Cold Sensitivity Pulsation of the posterior

(Reynaud’s phenomena) tibial and dorsalis pedis
arteries are weak or
Ulceration absent.
Gangrene Color Changes (Cyanotic)