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BUYER
SELLER CUSTOMS CUSTOMS
EXW (Ex-Works)
Carriage
Risks
Costs
FCA (Free Carrier)
Carriage
Risks
Costs
FAS (Free Alongside Ship)
Carriage
Risks
Costs
FOB (Free On Board) Stowed
Carriage
Risks
Costs
CFR (Cost and Freight) Free Out
Carriage
Risks
Costs
CIF (Cost Insurance and Freight) Free Out
Carriage
Risks
Costs
CPT (Carriage Paid to … )
Carriage
Risks
Costs
CIP ( Carriage and Insurance Paid to …)
Carriage
Risks
Costs
DAF (Delivered At Frontier)
Carriage
Risks
Costs
DES (Delivered Ex Ship)
Carriage
Risks
Costs
DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)
Carriage
Risks
Costs
DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)
Carriage
Risks
Costs
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
Carriage
Risks
Costs
This is a guide to critical points in international transport. For a more Seller’s responsibility Buyer’s responsibility
precise definition you should consult Incoterms 2000. In some cases, the
parties to a contract may wish the trade terms to operate differently and
Carriage
can vary them by adding words that extend the definition of an Incoterm.
Common examples of variants are FOB “Stowed” and CFR “Free Out” or
“Liner Out”. Risks
Incoterms give no guidance for such variations. There are, for example, no Costs
authoritative definitions of expressions such as “Liner Out” or “Liner Terms”
and allocation of costs for these terms differs from place to place. Where
trade terms are expanded, it is important to clarify in the contract to what
extent each party is responsible for carriage, risks and costs.
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