Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
There are two ways to classify cultures based on differences in characteristics such
as values, attitudes, and social structure: the Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck and Hofstede
frameworks.
I. Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck Framework (PPT 16)
• Do people believe that their environment controls them, that they control the
environment, or that they are part of nature?
• Are people easily controlled and not to be trusted, or can they be trusted to
act freely and responsibly?
• Do people believe that individuals or groups are responsible for each person’s
welfare?
2: Cross-Cultural Business:
The Hofstede Framework grew from a study of more than 110,000 people working
in IBM subsidiaries by Dutch psychologist Geert Hofstede. He developed four
dimensions for examining cultures.