kf7\of+z zLif{s M efifflj1fgsf k|d'v l;4fGt k"0ff{ª\s M %)

kf7\of+z ;+Vof M g]kf=lz= %@* pQL0ff{ª\s M @)

kf7\of+z k|s[lt M ;}4flGts÷yk P]lR5s k|ltxKtf kf73G6L M %
tx M Pd=P8= k|ltkf73G6L M %% ld=
jif{ M bf];|f] hDdf kf73G6L M &%

!= kf7of+z kl/ro
of] kf7\of+z lzIffzf:qdf :gftsf]Q/ -Pd=P8=_ txdf yk P]lR5s -On]lS6e_ ljifosf
¿kdf g]kfnL ljifo lng rfxg] ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . o; kf7\of+zaf6
efifflj1fgsf k|d'v eflifs lrGtg / o;sf] k/Dk/f, ;+/rgfTds efifflj1fg, ¿kfy{k/s Jofs/0f,
Joj:yfks Jofs/0f, ¿kfGt/0f Jofs/0f, sf/s Jofs/0f / k|s/0ffy{ lj1fg;Fu
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kl/lrt u/fpg] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . o;df g]kfnL efiffsf pko{'Qm efifflj1fgsf
k|d'v l;4fGt, k4lt tyf ;Dk|bfo;Fu ;DalGwt ljljw ljifoj:t'x¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ .
@= ;fwf/0f p2]Zo
o; kf7\of+zsf ;fwf/0f p2]Zo lgDglnlvt /x]sf 5g\ M
 k|d'v eflifs lrGtg / Jofs/0f k/Dk/fsf] hfgsf/L k|:t't ug{ ;Ifd t'Nofpg] .
 ;+/rgfTds efiff lj1fgsf] kl/ro lbg ;Sg] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{] .
 efiffsf] ;dsfnLg cWoogsf k|d'v ;Dk|bfosf] j0f{g ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{] .
 cy{ ljZn]if0fsf k|d'v k|lqmofsf] lrgf/L k|:t't ug{ ;Ifd t'Nofpg] .
 P]ltxfl;s efifflj1fgsf] kl/ro lbg ;Sg] 1fg / ;Lksf] ljsf; ug{] .
 eflifs kl/jt{gsf b[li6n] g]kfnL efiffsf] j0f{g ug{ ;Ifd t'Nofpg] .
#= ljlzi6 p2]Zo tyf kf7\oljifo
ljlzi6 p2]Zo kf7\oljifo
 u|Ls / /f]dgx¿sf] eflifs lrGtg / PsfO Ps M k|d'v eflifs lrGtg /
Jofs/0f k/Dk/fsf] j0f{g ug{, Jofs/0fk/Dk/f -!)_
 c+u|]hL efiffsf] k/Dk/fut !=! klZrdL k/Dk/fut lrGtg
Jofs/0fsf ;DaGwdf aofg ug{, !=@ lu|s, /f]dg / c+u|]hL k/Dk/fut Jofs/0f
 ;+:s[t k/Dk/fdf j}lbs / zf:qLo eflifs !=# k"jL{o k/Dk/f
lrGtgsf] j0f{g k|:t't ug{, !=$ j}lbs / zf:qLo ;+:s[tdf eflifs lrGtg
 kfl0flg Jofs/0f–;Dk|bfosf] kl/ro !=% kfl0flgsf] Jofs/0f ;Dk|bfo
lbg, !=^ kfl0fgLo kb Jofs/0f / efifflzIf0f
 kfl0fgLo kb Jofs/0f / efifflzIf0fsf] !=& eflifs lrGtgdf k/Dk/fut Jofs/0fsf]
;DaGw jtfpg, dxŒj / ;Ldf
 eflifs lrGtgdf k/Dk/fut Jofs/0fsf]
dxŒj / ;Ldf lgwf{/0f ug{ .
 ;+/rgfTds efiff lj1fgsf] kl/ro lbg, PsfO b'O{ M ;+/rgfTds efifflj1fg
 ;+/rgfTds efiff lj1fgsf] ljsf;sf k|d'v -!0_
df]8x¿ atfpg, @=!= ;+/rgfTds efiff lj1fgsf] kl/ro
 cd]l/sfnL ;+/rgfjfbsf k|d'v dfGotf @=@= ;+/rgfTds efifflj1fgsf] ljsf;sf k|d'v

258
 ljlzi6 p2]Zo kf7\oljifo
tyf ljz]iftfsf] j0f{g ug{, df]8
 efiffsf] j0f{ tyf ¿kljZn]if0fdf k| @=#= cd]l/sfnL ;+/rgfjfbsf k|d'v dfGotf
of]u x'g] ;+/rgfjfbL k4ltsf] kl/ro tyf ljz]iftf
lbg, @=$= j0f{ tyf ¿kljZn]if0fdf ;+/rgfjfbL
 ;+/rgfjfbL k[i7e"lddf efiff k4lt
lzIf0fsf] :j¿k atfpg, @=%= ;+/rgfjfbL jfSo ljZn]if0f
 ;+/rgfjfbsf pknlAw / ;Ldf lgwf{/0f @=^ ;+/rgfjfbsf pknlAw / ;Ldf
ug{, @=&= ;+/rgfjfb / efiff lzIf0f
 ;+/rgfjfb / efiff lzIf0fsf]
cGt/;DaGw s]nfpg .
 ¿kfy{k/s Jofs/0fsf] kl/ro lbg, PsfO tLg M ¿kfy{k/s Jofs/0f
 ¿kfy{k/s Jofs/0fsf k|d'v dfGotf tyf -!)_
ljz]iftfsf] j0f{g ug{, #=! ¿kfy{k/s Jofs/0fsf] kl/ro
 ¿kfy{k/s k4ltdf ul/g] eflifs #=@ ¿kfy{k/s Jofs/0fsf k|d'v dfGotf tyf ljz]iftf
ljZn]if0fsf] kl/ro lbg, #=# ¿kfy{k/s k4ltdf eflifs ljZn]if0f
 ¿kfy{k/s k4ltsf k|d'v pknlAw / #=$ ¿kfy{k/s k4ltsf k|d'v pknlAw / ;Ldf
;Ldf atfpg, #=% ¿kfy{k/s Jofs/0f / efiff lzIf0f
 ¿kfy{k/s Jofs/0f / efifflzIf0fsf]
cGt/;DaGw s]nfpg .
 Joj:yfk/s Jofs/0fsf] kl/ro lbg, PsfO rf/ M Joj:yfk/s Jofs/0f -!)_
 Joj:yfk/s Jofs/0fsf k|d'v dfGotf / $=! Joj:yfk/s Jofs/0fsf] kl/ro
ljz]iftf j0f{g ug{, $=@ Joj:yfk/s Jofs/0fsf] k|d'v dfGotf / ljz]iftf
 Joj:yfks k4ltsf cfwf/df eflifs $=# Joj:yfk/s k4ltdf eflifs ljZn]if0f
ljZn]if0f ug{, $=$ Joj:yfk/s k4ltsf pknlAw / ;Ldf
 Joj:yfk/s k4ltsf pknlAw / ;Ldf $=% Joj:yfk/s Jofs/0f / efifflzIf0f
jtfpg,
 Joj:yfk/s Jofs/0f / efifflzIf0fsf]
;DaGw s]nfpg .
 ¿kfGt/0f Jofs/0fsf] k[i7e"ld atfpg, PsfO kfFr M ¿kfGt/0f Jofs/0f
 ¿kfGt/0f Jofs/0fsf k|d'v dfGotf / -!!_
ljz]iftfsf] j0f{g ug{, %=! ¿kfGt/0f Jofs/0fsf] k[i7e"ld
 Snfl;sn l;4fGt / o;sf %=@ ¿kfGt/0f Jofs/0fsf k|d'v dfGotf / ljz]iftf
dfGotfx¿ 7Dofpg, %=# Snfl;sn l;4fGt / o;sf dfGotf
 dfgs l;4fGt / o;sf dfGotf 5'6\ofpg, %=$ dfgs l;4fGt / o;sf dfGotf
 ¿kfGt/0f k|lqmof / o;sf k| %=% ¿kfGt/0fsf k|lqmof / k|sf/
sf/x¿ 5'6\ofpg, %=^ ¿kfGt/0f Jofs/0fsf] pQ/jtL{ ljsf;
 ¿kfGt/0f Jofs/0fsf] pQ/jtL{ r/0fsf] %=& ¿kfGt/0f Jofs/0f / efiff lzIf0f
ljsf; klxNofpg,
 ¿kfGt/0f Jofs/0f / efifflzIf0fsf]
;DaGw s]nfpg .

259
 ljlzi6 p2]Zo kf7\oljifo
 sf/s Jofs/0fsf] k[i7e"ld atfpg, PsfO 5 M sf/s Jofs/0f -!@_
 sf/s Jofs/0fsf] k|d'v dfGotf / ^=! sf/s Jofs/0fsf] k[i7e"ld
ljz]iftfsf] j0f{g ug{,
 kfl0flg / lkmndf]/sf] ljj]rgf cg';f/ ^=@ sf/s Jofs/0fsf k|d'v dfGotf / ljz]iftf
sf/ssf] t'ngf ug{, ^=# sf/sx¿sf] lgwf{/0f
 sf/s Jofs/0fsf] eflifs ljZn]if0f k4lt ^=$ kfl0flg / lkmndf]/sf sf/sx¿sf] t'ngf
k|:t't ug{, ^=% sf/s Jofs/0fsf] ljZn]if0f k4lt
 sf/s–Jofs/0f / efiff lzIf0fsf] ;DaGw ^=^ sf/s Jofs/0f / efiff lzIf0f
atfpg, ^=& sf/s Jofs/0fsf pknlAw / ;Ldf
 sf/s Jofs/0fsf pknlAw / ;Ldf atfpg .
 k|s/0ffy{ lj1fgsf] kl/ro lbg, PsfO ;ft M k|s/0ffy{ lj1fg -!
 k|s/0ffy{ lj1fgsf] If]q :ki6 kfg{, @_
 ;Gbe{–lgb{]zg, lglxtfy{ / &=! k|s/0ffy{–lj1fgsf] kl/ro
k"j{ cjwf/0ffsf] kl/ro lbg, &=@ k|s/0ffy{–lj1fgsf] If]q
 jfs\lqmof / To;sf] k|sf/ jtfpg, &=# ;Gbe{lgb{]zg, lglxtfy{ / k"j{cjwf/0ff
 ;DjfbfTds / ;xof]ufTds l;4fGt kl/ro &=$ jfs\lqmof / o;sf k|sf/
lbg . &=% ;DjfbfTds / ;xof]ufTds l;4fGt
$= lzIf0f k|ljlw M k|To]s PsfOdf cfjZostfcg';f/ ;fwf/0f / ljlzi6 k|ljlwsf] pkof]u
ul/g]5 .
$=! ;fwf/0f lzIf0fk|ljlw M
PsfOsf] k|s[ltcg'¿k kf7\ok':ts, ;xfos k':ts, ;Gbe{ k':ts, kf7kq, tflnsf / cf/]vx¿sf]
cfwf/df JofVofg, k|Zgf]Q/, 5nkmn / lzIfs k|:t'tLs/0f k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ul/g]5 .
$=@ ljlzi6 lzIf0f k|ljlw M
k|To]s PsfOdf PsfOsf] k|s[ltcg'¿k u[xsfo{, ;d"xsfo{, cfjlws sfo{, uf]i7Lkq
tof/ kfg{] tyf k|:t'tLs/0f ug{] ljlw pkof]u ul/g]5 . ljz]iftM PsfO kfFrdf
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ 5f]6f] sfo{kq tof/ ug{ nufO{ sIffdf k|:t't ug{ nufOg]5 .
%= d"Nofª\sg k|lqmof M lzIf0f l;sfOsf] cjlwdf kf7\oj:t'sf] k|s[ltcg';f/ lnlvt
k/LIff, ;d"xsfo{, df}lvs tyf lnlvt k|:t'ltaf6 d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;lsg]5 . o; k|sf/sf] d"Nofª\sg
ljBfyl{x¿nfO{ k[i7kf]if0f lbg dfq k|of]u ul/g] 5 . o; kf7\of+zsf] clGtd d"Nofª\sg
lq=lj= jflif{s k/LIff k|0ffnLcg';f/ lnlvt k/LIffåf/f ul/g]5 .
jflif{s k/LIffdf ;f]lwg] k|Zgsf] k|s[lt, k|Zg9fFrf / To;sf] cª\sef/ lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5 –
k|Zgsf] k|s[lt hDdf k|Zg ;ª\Vof pQ/ lbg'kg{] k|Zg ;ª\Vof / k"0f
x/]s k|Zgsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] f{ª\s
cÍ
;d"x …sÚ M * k|Zg !×* cÍ *
ax'j}slNks k|
Zg
;d"x …vÚ M 5f]6f @ ljsNk;lxt % k| %×^ cÍ #)

260
 pt/fTds k|Zg Zg
;d"x …uÚ M nfdf] ! k|Zg !@×! cÍ !@
pt/fTds k|Zg
^= l;kmfl/; ul/Psf k':ts tyf ;Gbe{;fdu|Lx¿
l;kmfl/; ul/Psf kf7\ok':tsx¿
aGw', r"8fdl0f -@)%#_, efifflj1fgsf ;Dk|bfo, sf7df8f}+ M cIf/ ;bg -;a} PsfOsf nflu_

;Gbe{;fdu|Lx¿
clwsf/L, x]dfª\u/fh -@)%)_, g]kfnL sf/s Jofs/0f, sf7df8f}+ M g]=/f=k|=k|= .
p/, kL= -;g\ !((*_, u|fd/ l6lrª PlS6le6L, SoflDa|h M ;L=o"=kL= .
lu|gju{, h]=Pr= -;g\ !(&$_, Nofª\Uj]h 6fOkf]nhL M Plx:6f]l/sn PG8 Pgflnl6sn cf]e/
Eo", b x]u M
d'6f] .
uf}td, b]jL -@)%&_, dfgs l;4fGt, lj:tfl/t dfgs l;4fGt / g]kfnL jfSoJoj:yf, sf7df8f}+
M :jod\ .
_____, -@)%&_, g]kfnL ¿kfGt/0f Jofs/0f, sf7df8f}+M :jod\ .
_____, -@)%#_, sf/s, Jofs/0f / g]kfnL efiffsf sf/sx¿, sf7df8f}+ M :jod\ .
ltjf/L, ef]nfgfy -;g\ !(*%_, cfw'lgs efifflj1fg, lbNnL M lnlk k|sfzg .
yg{a/L, P;= -;g\ !(((_, xfp 6' l6r u|fd/, nG8g M nª\Dofg .
Gof}kfg], 6ª\sk|;fb -@)%!_, efifflj1fgsf] ¿k/]vf, w/fg M g]kfn a's l8kf] .
k§gfos, 8L=kL= / od'gf sfr? -;+=_ -;g\ !(*%_, l/n];gn u|fd/, d};'/ M
;L=cfO{=cfO{=Pn= .
kf]v/]n, afns[i0f -;+=_ -@)$)_, kRrL; jif{sf eflifs rrf{, sf7df8f}+ M g]=/f=k|=k|= .
lau]6, Pd / cGo -;g\ !(($_, u|fd/ PG8 Nofª\Uj]h l6r/, Go'of]s{ M k|]lG6; xn .
a]/L, Pd=-;g\ !(&&_, Pg OG6«f]8S;g 6' l;:6]lds lnª\lUjl:6S;, -ef]No'd ! / @_, nG8g
M jf6;kmf]8{ .
df]nL{, h]jL=8L= -;g\ !(*%_, Pg OG6«f]8S;g 6' l;:6]lds u|fd/, nG8g M Dofsldng .
/]8kmf]8{, P= -;g\ !(**_, 6«fG;kmd{];gn u|fd/, nG8g M SoflDa|h o'lgel;{6L k|]; .
lnr, Hof]k|mL -;g\ !(*#_, lk|lG;kn ckm k|fUDofl6S;, n08g, nª\Dofg .
n]K;sL, hL=;L= -;g\ !(*@_, P ;e{] ckm :6«Sr/n lnª\lUjl:6S;\, nG8g M km]j/ PG8
km]a/ .
JNofs, j]/L h]= -;g\ !(()_, l/n]zgn u|fd/, nG8g M ?6 n]h .
Dofy'h, kL=Pr= -;g\ !((^_, u|fdfl6sn Yof}/L Og b o'gfO6]8 :6]6;\ k|md An'dlkmN8
6' rD:sL, SoflDa|h M ;L=o"=kL= .
:ofDk;g, Hof]k|mL -;g\ !(*)_, :s"n ckm lnª\lUjl:6S;\, nG8g M x6lsG;g .
:6]kmg, n]leG;g, ;L= -;g\ !(*#_, k|fUDofl6S;, SoflDa|h M SoflDa|h o'lgel;{6L k|]; .

261
xs, Pr=Pr= -;g\ !((%_, lk|lG;kn ckm lx:6f]l/sn lnª\lUjl:6S;, -t];|f] ;+:s/0f_,
Go'of]s{ M ?6 n]/n .
xf]/f]S;, hL= -;g\ !(*&_, h]g/]l6e u|fd/, nG8g M nªDofg .
xn, cf/=P= -;g\ !(^$_, OG6«f]8S6/L lnª\lUjl:6S;, lkmnf8]lNkmof M lSnG6g a'S; .
xfd{/, h]= -;g\ !(*&_, l6lrª PG8 nlg{ª u|fd/, nG8g M nª\Dofg .

262