Book 030-Supirisidu Niwan Maga

f;jk uqøKh - ixialrKh I
iqmsßisÿ ksjka u.
îma; úY=oaê&
iïmdol
mQcH kdj, OïudkJo iajdóka jykafia
-1-
m%:u uqøKh : fjila$2551 ^2007 uehs&
fojk uqøKh : kjï$2551 ^2008 fmnrjdß&
f;jk uqøKh - ixialrKh I : kjï$2551 ^2008 fmnrjdß&
Copyright © Sri Saddharma Sansadaya, Dhammarama Yogashramaya - 2007
› ioaO¾u ixiofhka m%ldYs; fjk;a O¾u.%ka:

mQcH kdj, OïudkJo iajdóka jykafia
• wisßu;a Þkh
• Oïuplalmamj;a;k iQ;%h iy wudoïwei my< ùu
• wdkdmdki;s Ndjkdj
• bßhdm: Ndjkdj iy iïmc[a[ Ndjkdj
• f;rejka jkaokdj" fi;a msß;a iy f;ie;a;E-ØK jkaokdj
• uydidfrdamu iQ;%h
• Oïudkqiai;s Ndjkdj
• málal+,ukisldr Ndjkdj ^ms<sl=,a Ndjkdj&
• msk iy l=i,h tlla o@ folla o@
• l¾uh ms<sn| w.kd foiqula ^pQ<lïuúNÙ. iQ;%h&
• fl%daOh kik u. ^wd>d;máúkh iQ;%h&
mQcH Èmamsáf.dv fidauYdka; iajdóka jykafia

• Od;=ukisldr Ndjkdj
• kjiSjÓl Ndjkdj
• nqoaOdkqiai;s Ndjkdj
nkaÿ, wdkkao fmf¾rd

• mrdNj iQ;%foaYkdj iy uyduÙ., iQ;%foaYkdj
kej; uqøKh i|yd" ish¨ úuiSï"
› ioaO¾u ixioh
Oïudrdu fhda.dY%uh
W.a.,afndv" .ïmy'
Tel : 071-4417813
E-mail : info@sadaham.net
Web : www.sadaham.net
-2-
O¾uÞkh i|yd Þhl;ajh
∗ ud;f,a fldgqfõf.or úiQ N. M. hfidaue‚fla uE‚hkag
mqKHdkqfudaokd lsÍu ms‚i t;=ñhf.a Èh‚hka jk J. E. M.
álsßl=udßydñ" J. E. M. pkaødl=udßydñ" J. E. M. Ñ;%dl=udßydñ iy
J. E. M. ,,s;dl=udßydñ úiska"
∗ z› ,xld fg,sfldï wdh;kfha l,Kñ;=re yjq,Z úiska ;ukag
O¾udjfndaOh ms‚i"
∗ S. r;akdhl Wmdil uy;d úiska ;ukag O¾udjfndaOh ms‚i"
∗ W. P. C. iïm;a fm%aur;ak Wmdil uy;d úiska foujqmshkag
wdYS¾jdo ms‚i iy ;udg O¾udjfndaOh ms‚i"
fuu O¾uÞkh isÿ lrk ,§'

--*--
m%ldYkh
› ioaO¾u ixioh
Oïudrdu fhda.dY%uh
rhshdfÞ¿j" W.a.,afndv" .ïmy'
úuiSï:- 071 - 4417813

fjí wvúh: www.sadaham.net
fjí wvúh i|yd Þhl;ajh

e-Artefacts Technologies
305/5, Hansagiri Road, Gampaha.
Tel: 071-4417813, 077-3021777
Web: www.eartefacts.com
-3-
fmrjok
id.rh .eUqre jQfha wkqms<sfj<sks' nqÿiiqk;a .eUqre jkafka
wkqms<sfj<sks' uyihqr oYúO r;akhkg wdlrhls' r;akdlrh
hkqfjka uyihqr y÷kajkqfha tfyhsks' iïnqÿiiqk o r;akdlrhls'
i;a;sia fndaêmdCIsl O¾u kue;s r;akhkag wdlrhla jeks neúks'
r;akdlrhla jeks jQ iïnqÿiiqfkys ud¾.-M," ksjk f;la .eUqr"
kqj‚ka ±l .ekSug nei .; hq;af;a wkqms<sfj<sks' YS,fhka
iudêhg" iudêfhka m%×jg" m%×fjka úuqla;shg" úuqla;sfhka
úuqla;s×ko¾Ykhg;a kqj‚ka meñ‚h hq;= jk neúks'
i;a;úiqoaêfhka nqÿiiqfkys wkqms<sfj< újrKh fjhs'
iS,úiqoaêfhka nqÿiiqfkys wdÈl,HdKh kï jQ YS,YsCIdj o"
Ñ;a;úiqoaêfhka uOHl,HdKh kï jQ iudêYsCIdj o" b;sß úiqoaê
mfika u m¾hjidk-l,HdKh kï jQ m%×YsCIdj o imsf¾' hf:dala;
YsCId;%fhka u ks¾jdKdjfndaOhg m%;Hh jk i;a;sia fndaêmdCIsl
O¾ufhda wkqms<sfj<ska jefv;s'
wkjrd.% ixidrfhka tf;r ù Ydka; ksjka iqj idCId;a
lsÍu ms‚i ieufokd úiska i;a;úiqoaê jeäh hq;= u h' ;s%msglfhys
iy w¾:l:djkays we;s;dla lreKq tlafldg ixfCIam jQ;a ir, jQ;a
w¾: újrKh lrñka iqmsßisÿ ksjka u. hk kñka fï oyï fmd;
iïmdokh ù we;s wdldrh w;sYhska m%YxikSh hs' ksjka u.
;;aFjdldrfhka újrKh lrk úiqoaêu.a. w¾:l:dj fï i|yd
úfYaIfhka .=re;ek ;nd f.k we;' msgl;%hd.; i;a;úiqoaê
iÙLHd; ksjka u. i¾jdldrfhka fy<s lrkqfha úiqoaêu.a.h u
neúks'
Y%oaOdj;a m%×j;a fhdÞ b;du;a ksjerÈ j fï oyï fmd;
iïmdokh l< mQcH kdj, OïudkJo iajdóka jykafiag r;ak;%h
i;= wiSñ; iQúis uyd.=KdkqNdj n,fhka ;j ;j;a O¾u×kh;a
Ndjkd×kh;a úxY;aY;j¾Idêl ld,hla wdhqrdfrda.HdÈ
› iïm;a o w;afõjd'!
ziífí i;a;d Njka;= iqÅ;;a;dZ
fuhg fu;e;s"
kd Whfka wßhOïu ia:úr'

kd Whk wrKH fiakdikh"
mkaish.u"
ue,aisßmqr'
-4-
ye¢kaùu
oin,fia,mamNjd - ksíndkuydiuqoaomßhka;d"
wÜGÙ.u.a.i,s,d - ðkjpkk§ Ñrx jy;='
;=kaf,dald.% jQ Ydka;skdhl wm nqÿrcdKka jykafia

jÞ< Y%S ioaO¾uh wkqms<sfj,ska ksjk lrd .eUqrg hkakls'
ta nj meyeÈ,s jk W;=ï foaYkdjls" uÊCêuksldfha
uQ,mKaKdilfhys i|yka zr:úkS;Z iQ;%h' Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafiaf.a T!rimq;% jQ O¾ufiakdm;s idßmq;a; uyry;ka
jykafiaf.a;a O¾ulÓl NsCIQka w;ßka w.;eka m;a
uka;dksmq;a;mqKaK uyry;ka jykafiaf.a;a O¾u
idlÉPdjls" fuu iQ;%fhka bÈßm;a flfrkafka'
iS,úiqoaêfhka werfUk fhda.djpr m%;smÞj wkqms<sfj,ska
Ñ;a;úiqoaê" ÈÜÀúiqoaê" lÙLdú;rKúiqoaê"
u.a.du.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaê" mámÞØKoiaikúiqoaê"
ØKoiaikúiqoaê hk ima; úY=oaëka iïmQ¾K ùfuka
ks¾jdKOd;=j idCId;a lsÍu olajd ms<sfj,ska iïmQ¾K ù
ika;dkh úY=oaêhg m;a jk wdldrh tu iQ;%fhys
i|yka j ;sfí' ima; úY=oaëka ms<sn| ixCIsma; i|ykla
mu‚" zr:úkS;Z iQ;%fhys ±lafjkafka' ima; úY=oaëka
ms<sn| iúia;rd;aul meyeÈ,s lsÍula olakg ,efnkafka
uydwÜGl:dpd¾h nqoaOf>daI iajdókaøhka jykafia úiska
iÙ.%y lrk ,o zúiqoaêu.a.Z .%ka:fhys h' zúiqoaêu.a.Z
.%ka:h jkdys ziq;a;dkqf,dauZ .Khg wh;a wÜGl:djka
w;r úYsIag .%ka: r;akhls' uq¿uy;a ;s%msglfhys yd
wÜGl:djkays idrh úiqoaêu.a.fhys iÙ.%y ù we;eZhs
mjif;d;a th w;sYfhdala;shla fkd jkq we;eZhs is;ñ'
iïmQ¾K ;s%msglh u wOHhkh lsÍug wmyiq
fhda.djprhka úiska wvq u ;rñka zúiqoaêu.a.Z .%ka:h
fyda bf.kSug jEhï l< hq;= h' YS, - iudê - m%× hk
;s%YsCIdjka wkqj ima; úY=oaëka wkqms<sfj,ska újrKh
flfrñka Y%Su;a nqoaOf>daI iajdóJøhka jykafia úiska
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úiqoaêu.a. .%ka:fhys O¾u lreKq fm<.iajd we;af;a
nn<k ñ‚rejka fm<la fm<.iajk mßoafoks'
úiqoaêu.a.h jkdys Ndjkd Wmfoia ,nd fok .=rejrekag
.=re - w;afmd;ls' tfia u ksjka wjfndaO lrkq ßisfhka
Ndjkd lrk fhda.djprhkag ksjerÈ u. fmkajk uyd¾>
WmfoaY .%ka:hls' O¾ulÓlhkg ioyï wdlrhls' tys
jákdlu wjfndaO lr fkd .;a fmr - wmr foÈ. we;eï
úpdrlhka úiqoaêu.a.h ms<sn| fkdfhla ifÞia úfõpk
bÈßm;a lrñka ksjka u. wiqrd .;a;;a nqreufhys
jevjik w.a.uydlïuÜGdkdpßh w;smQckSh Md-wjqla
^wdÑKaK& fihdfvda udysñmdKka jykafia n÷ nyqY%e;
fhda.djprhka jykafia,d úiqoaêu.a.h weiqßka ksjka u.
újr lr f.k f,djq;=re ñysr w;aú¢;s' úiqoaêu.a.h jkdys
to;a wo;a ljo;a ioyï ñysr y÷kk kqjKe;s
i;amqreIhkaf.a Y%oaOd-nqoaê jvjk W;=ï .%ka:r;akhls'
úiqoaêu.a. .%ka:h lshjd lreKq ±k.ekSug
wjia:djla fkd ,nk ie±ye;s Wmdil-Wmdisldjkaf.a
Y%oaOd-nqoaê j¾Okh ms‚i ima; úY=oaëka ms<sn| j
fláfhka y÷kajd foñka wm úiska ilia lrkakg fhÿKq
oyï-,sms fm< miq j tla;eka lrñka ziqmsßisÿ ksjka u.Z
kï fuu l=vd O¾u.%ka:h iÙ.%y lrk ,§' fuu
.%ka:fhka bÈßm;a flfrkafka ima; úY=oaëka ms<sn| uQ,sl
ye¢kaùula muKla neúka jeä ÿrg;a úia;r ±k.kq leu;s
i;amqreIfhda úiqoaêu.a. ^úY=oaêud¾.h& .%ka:h mßYS,kh
lr;ajd!
uydwÜGl:dpd¾h nqoaOf>daI iajdóJøhka jykafia
úiska ima; úY=oaëka uekúka újrKh flfrñka
úiqoaêu.a. .%ka:h iïmdokh lrkq ,enQ ksid h" ta
weiqßka wmg o fun÷ O¾u.%ka:hla iïmdokh l< yels
jQfha' tksid m<uq j uydwÜGl:dpd¾h nqoaOf>daI
iajdóJøhka jykafiag udf.a kuialdr mQ¾jl m%Kduh mqo
lr isáñ'
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wmf.a mru mQckSh WmdOHdhka jykafia jQ
wmj;a ù jÞ<" Y%S l,HdŒ fhda.dY%u ixia:d
iuq;amdol wd¾hú,dijxid,Ùldr ioaO¾ujd.SYajrdpd¾h
mám;a;sfidaNk .KmdfudlaLdpßh rdu[a[ uydksldfha
ufydamdOHdh rdclSh mKaä; w;smQckSh lvjeoaÿfõ
Y%S ðkjxidNsOdk udysñmdKka jykafiag m%d¾:kSh
fndaêhlska wud ksjka iqj w;aú£ug fuu O¾uÞkuh
l=i,h o fya;= jdikd fõjd!
wmj;a ù jÞ< m%j%cHdpd¾h w;s.re ls;=,ïmsáfha
wdkJo iajdóka jykafiag o fuu O¾uÞkuh l=i,h
w;am;a ùfuka m%d¾:kSh fndaêhlska wud ksjka iqj
ie,fiajd!
wmf.a j;auka f.!rjŒh WmdOHdhka jykafia jk
Y%S l,HdŒ fhda.dY%u ixia:dfõ ufydamdOHdh" nq;a;, -
nqÿ.,af,K wrKH fiakdikdêm;s w;s.re mQckSh
udj;.u .=KdkJÞNsOdk udysñmdKka jykafiag o fuu
O¾uÞkuh l=i, n,fhka úxY;a Y;j¾Idêl ld,hla
wdhqrdfrda.H Y%S iïm;a j¾Okh fõjd! m%d¾:kSh
fndaêhlska wud ksjka iqj w;aú£ug fuu O¾uÞkuh
l=i,h o fya;= jdikd fõjd!
fun÷ O¾uiÙ.%yhka ieliSug wjYH flfrk
O¾u×kh ÈhqKq lr .ekSu i|yd uy;a jQ lreKdfjka
udyg wkq.%y lrkakd jQ .s,ka j isáñka mjd wmf.a oyï
.eg¿ úi|d foñka ÿrjfndaO ishqï oyï lreKq b;d
meyeÈ,s f,i f;areï lr fokakd jQ o YS, - Y%e; - i;s -
m%× wdÈ W;=ï .=Khkaf.ka fYdaNudk j
uydix>rdchdKka jykafiakula n÷ j iiqkUr
nn<jkakd jQ j;auka Y%S l,HdŒ fhda.dY%u ixia:dêm;s
uydO¾ulÓl uydlïuÜGdkdpßh ;s%msglOrdpd¾h
w;smQckSh kd Whfka wßhOïudNsOdk udysñmdKka
jykafiag fuu O¾uÞkuh l=i, n,fhka
úxY;aY;j¾Idêl ld,hla wdhqrdfrda.H Y%S iïm;a j¾Okh
fõjd! m%d¾:kSh fndaêhlska wud ksjka iqj w;aú÷ug fuu
-7-
fuu O¾uÞkuh l=i,h o fya;= jdikd fõjd!
úúOdldrfhka udyg Wmldr lrk fmd,a.ia´úg
úmiaikd Ndjkd uOHia:dkfhys wkqYdil w;s.re mQckSh
ó;,dfõ úkS; iajdóka jykafiag o mQckSh .S%isfha
[dKoiaik iajdóka jykafiag o Èoafo‚h rK.sßh
wrKH fiakdikdêjdiS mQckSh kqjrt<sfha ØKiS,
iajdóka jykafiag o fmd,a.ia´úg úmiaikd Ndjkd
uOHia:dkjdiS mQcH ms<shkao, w;=,isß iajdóka jykafiag
o fuu O¾uÞkuh l=i, n,fhka wdhqrdfrda.H Y%S iïm;a
fuka u m%d¾:kSh fndaêhlska wud ksjka iqjh o ie,fiajd!
ye¥jevQ ujqmsh fofokd jykafiag;a isjqmifhka
Wmia:dk lrk ÞhlldrldÈ ieug;a mß.Kl uqøK
lghq;= isÿ l< mqKH YS% ;=Ika; ;reK Wmdil uy;dg;a
uqøKd,fha ld¾huKav,hg;a O¾uÞkh isÿ lrk Þhl
mskaj;=kag;a ifoajlf,dalhdg;a fuu O¾uÞkuh l=i,
n,fhka wdhqrdfrda.H iïm;a fuka u wud ksjka iqjh o
fkd mud j ie,fiajd!
idOq ! idOq !! idOq !!!
fuhg"
iiqka ,eÈ"
mQcH kdj, OïudkJo ysñ'

Oïudrdu fhda.dY%uh"
W.a.,afndv"
.ïmy'
^fjila - 2551&
-8-
mgqk
1. iS,úiqoaê - 10
2. Ñ;a;úiqoaê - 12
3. ÈÜÀúiqoaê - 16
4. lÙLdú;rKúiqoaê - 20
5. u.a.d.u.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaê - 22
I. p;a;d<Sidldr úmiaikd Ndjkdj - 24
II. rEmi;a;l l%uh - 32
III. wrEmi;a;l l%uh - 39
IV. úo¾Ykd Wmlaf,aY - 46
6. mámÞØKoiaikúiqoaê - 49
7. ØKoiaikúiqoaê - 62
8. ud¾.-M, ,eîu i|yd imqrd .; hq;=
fndaêmdlaIsl O¾u - 69
9. ima; úY=oaëka we;s lr .;a wd¾hY%djlhka
jykafia,d - 73
-9-
kfuda ;iai N.jf;da wryf;da iïudiïnqoaOiai !!!
Nd.Hj;a jQ w¾y;a jQ iïudiïnqÿrcdKka jykafiag kuialdr fõjd !!!
iqmsßisÿ ksjka u.
îma; úY=oaê&
;=kaf,dald.% jQ Nd.Hj;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska

ks¾jdK.dñkS m%;smÞj ms<sn| j foaYkd lrkq ,enQ ;j;a
l%uhls" zima; úY=oaêZ kñka ye¢kafjkafka'
uydwÜGl:dpd¾h nqoaOf>daI iajdóJøhka jykafia úiska
iïmdÈ; zúiqoaêu.a.Z .%ka:fhys ksjka u. úia;r lr
we;af;a o uÊCêuksldfha zr:úkS;Z iQ;%fhys i|yka jk
fuu ima; úY=oaê wkqidrfhks' mru úY=oaêh jk ks¾jdKh
idlaId;a lsÍu i|yd YS,dÈ m%;sm;a;s msßisÿ f,i iïmQ¾K
lr .ekSu fuys zúY=oaêZ kdufhka olajd we;' tu úY=oaê
y; kï"
1. iS,úiqoaê
2. Ñ;a;úiqoaê
3. ÈÜÀúiqoaê
4. lÙLdú;rKúiqoaê
5. u.a.du.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaê
6. mámÞØKoiaikúiqoaê
7. ØKoiaikúiqoaê
1. iS,úiqoaê
.Dyia: yd m%j%ð; fhda.djprhkaf.a ldh" jd.a

ixjrfha msßisÿ nj iS,úiqoaêh hs' zm[apiS,Z"
zwÜGdÙ.=fmdai:iS,Z" zkjdÙ.=fmdai:iS,Z" z.yÜGoiiS,Z
hk fïjd .Dyia: fhda.djprhkag wh;a YS, m%;smÞfjda h'
zidufKaroiiS,Z" zWmiïmÞiS,Z hk fïjd m%j%ð;
fhda.djprhka jykafia,df.a YS, m%;smÞfjda h' ;ud rlakd
-10-
YS,h lv fkd fldg ksjk idCId;a lsÍu ms‚i msßisÿ j
/l .ekSu iS,úiqoaêh hs' m%udohlska YS,h wmsßisÿ ù kï
jyd YS,h m%lD;su;a lr f.k zwdh;sixjrfhysZ msysáh
hq;= h'
.Dyia: Y%djlhkaf.a m[apiS,dÈ YS,hka o m%j%ð;hka
jykafia,df.a idufKar" WmiïmÞ YS,hka o úY=oaO jQ
YS,hla njg m;a jkafka tu YS,h wx. wglska iukaú;
ùfuks' tajd kï"
1. wLkav - iudoka jQ YS,fhys uq,ska yd w.ska

YsCIdmo fkd ì£u'
2. wÉýoao - iudoka jQ YS,fhys ueÈka YsCIdmo
fkd ì£u'
3. win, - iudoka jQ YS,fhys ms<sfj<ska
YsCIdmo fol-;=kla fkd ì£u'
4. wlïudi - iudoka jQ YS,fhys ;ekska ;ek
YsCIdmo fkd ì£u'
5. N=ðiai - ;DIAKdÞiNdjfhka f;dr j ^tkï"
f,!lsl ,dNhka ,eîfï
wfmaCIdfjka f;dr j& YS,h wdrCId
lsÍu'
6. ú[aümami;a: - kqjKe;s W;=ukaf.a m%Yxidjg ,la
jk fia msßisÿ j YS,h wdrCId lsÍu'
7. wmrduÜG - ;DIaKd" oDIaá wdÈfhka jerÈ f,i
.%yKh lr fkd f.k msßisÿ j YS,h
wdrCId lsÍu'
8. iudêixj;a;ksl - Wmpdr" w¾mKd iudëka ,eîug
iqÿiq jk fia YS,h wdrCId lsÍu'
fuu wx. wfgka iukaú; jk .Dyia: fuka u

m%j%ð; fhda.djprhka jykafia,df.a iqmsßY=oaO YS,h jkdys
iS,úiqoaêh hs'
-11-
2. Ñ;a;úiqoaê
Wmpdr iudê iys; jQ wIag iudm;a;s we;s lr .ekSu

zÑ;a;úiqoaêZ kï fõ' is; w÷re lrk" ls,sá lrk m[ap-
kSjrK wdÈ Wmlaf,aY ÿre lrñka is; msßisÿ lr f.k
iudêh we;s lr .ekSu Ñ;a;úiqoaêh hs' th wju jYfhka
Wmpdr iudêh f,i o uOHu jYfhka rEmdjpr OHdk
i;r f,i o Wmßu jYfhka Wmpdr iys; wIag iudm;a;s
f,i o ±laúh yels h' fuu Ñ;a;úiqoaêh we;s lr .ekSug
WmldÍ jk Ndjkd l%u ^l¾uia:dk& i;<sila ^40&
úiqoaêu.a.fhys úia;r iys; j olajd we;' tajd kï"
• oi lisK
1. mGù - lisK 6. mS; - lisK
2. wdfmda - lisK 7. f,days; - lisK
3. f;afcda - lisK 8. ´Þ; - lisK
4. jdfhda - lisK 9. wdf,dal - lisK
5. kS, - lisK 10. wdldi - lisK
• oi wiqN
1. WoaOqud;l-wiqNh - ysfia isg fom;=< olajd bÈó .sh
u<isrer h'
2. úkS,l-wiqNh - fndfyda fihska ks,a meye;s ^m%lD;s
YÍr j¾Kh fjkia jQ& u<isrer h'
3. úmqínl-wiqNh - YÍrfha isÿrej,ska ierj je.sfrk
u<isrer h'
4. úÉýoaol-wiqNh - l| ueÈka folv jQ u<isrer h'
5. úlaLdhs;l-wiqNh - i;=ka úiska ;ekska ;ek lvd lkq ,enQ
u<isrer h'
6. úlaÅ;a;l-wiqNh - ;ek ;ek úisÍ .sh wjhj we;s
u<isrer h'
7. y;úlaÅ;a;l-wiqNh - ldlmdÞldrfhka fm;s fm;s .id fjka
lsÍfuka wjhj úisÍ .sh u<isrer h'
-12-
8. f,days;l-wiqNh - f,a jel=Kq u<isrer h'
9. mq,jl-wiqNh - mKqjkaf.ka msÍ.;a u<isrer h'
10. wÜÀl-wiqNh - tl weg lene,a,la fyda wegiels,a, u
wÜÀl wiqNh hs'
fuu l¾uia:dk oyh u wh;a jkafka ndysr
u<isrerla ksñ;a; jYfhka f.k Ndjkd l< hq;=
zwú[aØKl-wiqNZ .Khg hs' fuu zwiqN ksñ;sZ wruqKq
lr f.k Ndjkd lsÍfuka m%:uOHdk iudêh we;s lr .;
yels h'
• oi wkqiai;s
1. nqoaOdkqiai;s - nqÿ.=K isys lsÍu'
2. Oïudkqiai;s - oyï.=K isys lsÍu'
3. iÙ>dkqiai;s - i`..=K isys lsÍu'
4. iS,dkqiai;s - ;ud rlsk YS,fhys msßisÿ nj fufkys
lsÍu'
5. pd.dkqiai;s - ;ud ;=< mj;sk mß;Hd.YS,s nfjys wkqiia
isys lsÍu'
6. foaj;dkqiai;s - foúhka idCIHia:dkfhys ;nd f.k ;ud
;=< mj;sk Y%oaOd wdÈ bJøsh O¾uhkaf.a
wkqiia isys lsÍu'
7. Wmiudkqiai;s - ks¾jdKOd;=fjys .=K isysm;a lsÍu'
8. ldh.;di;s - ;u isrefrys ;sfnk fo;sia l=Kmhkaf.a
ms<sl=,a nj isys lsÍu'
9. urKdkqiai;s - Ôú;fhys wksh; nj;a urKfhys ksh;
nj;a isys lsÍu'
10. wdkdmdki;s - wdYajdi-m%Yajdi fol wkqj isysh msysgqjd
.ekSu'
• i;r n%yauúydr
1. fu;a;d - ish¨ i;aFjhka flfrys ffjr rys;" fl%daO rys;
nj we;s lr .ksñka ffu;%sh me;srùu'
2. lreKd - ish¨ i;aFjhka flfrys ÿla rys; nj leu;s
fjñka lreKdj me;srùu'
-13-
3. uqÈ;d - ish¨ i;aFjhka ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a iemf;ys BIœd
fkd lrñka wjxl j u i;=gq ùï jYfhka uqÈ;dj
me;sr ùu'
4. WfmalaLd - ish¨ i;aFjhka flfrys we,Sula fyda .eàula
ke;s j ys;j;a wys;j;a ish¨fokd flfrys
ueoy;a j ne,Sï jYfhka iEufokd u l¾uh
iajlSh fldg we;s nj fufkys lsÍu'
• i;r wrEm
1. wdldidk[apdh;kh - wkka; jQ wdldY m%{ma;sh
wkqj fufkys lrñka we;s lr
.kakd m%:u wrEm iudm;a;sh'
2. ú[aØK[apdh;kh - wkka; jQ wdldYh wruqKq
flfrk is; fyj;a m%:u wrEm-
ú[aØKh wkka; jYfhka
fufkys lsÍu'
3. wdls[ap[aØh;kh - m%:u wrEm - ú[aØKh
^wdldidk[apdh;k - is;&
fufkys fkd lrñka tu
ú[aØKh ke;s nj fufkys
lsÍu'
4. fkaji[aØkdi[aØh;kh - ix×jla we;af;a;a ke;s
ke;af;a;a ke;s ;rug ishqï jQ
o ;D;Sh wrEm ú[aØKh
^wdls[ap[aØh;kh& Ydka;"
m%Œ; jYfhka fufkys
lsÍfuka ,efnk b;d ishqï jQ
iudm;a;sh'
by; ±lajQ l¾uia:dk ish,af,a tl;=j 38 ls'
39. wdydf¾ málal+,i[aØj - zln<SldrdydrhZ ^wkqNj lrk
wdydrh& ms<sl=,a jYfhka
kqj‚ka isys lsÍu'
40. Od;=ukisldrh - YÍrfhys mj;sk mGù" wdfmda"

f;afcda" jdfhda hk Od;+ka
wkqj kqj‚ka fufkys lsÍu'
-14-
fuu i;<sia l¾uia:dk w;=frka ldh.;di;sh yd
wdkdmdki;sh yer fiiq wkqiai;s wg o wdydrfhys
ms<sl=,aix×j o Od;=ukisldrh o hk l¾uia:dk oyh"
Wmpdr-iudêh ^m%:uOHdkhg b;d wdikak iudêu;a
njla& muKla ,nd fohs' w¾mKd-OHdk ^rEmdjpr"
wrEmdjpr-iudê& fuu oyfhka fkd ,efí' mGù-lisKh
wdÈ fiiq l¾uia:dk ;sy w¾mKd-OHdk o ,nd fohs'
w¾mKd ^rEmdjpr" wrEmdjpr& iudê ,nd fok
l¾uia:dk ;sy w;ßka oi lisK yd wdkdmdki;s hk
l¾uia:dk tfld<fika rEmdjpr OHdk i;r ,efí' oi
wiqN yd ldh.;di;s hk l¾uia:dk tfld<fika
m%:uOHdkh ,efí' uq,a n%yauúydr ;=k jk fu;a;d -
lreKd - uqÈ;d hk l¾uia:dkhkaf.ka m%:u - oaú;Sh -
;D;ShOHdk ;=k muKla ,efí' WfmalaLd n%yauúydrh yd
wrEmdjpr iudm;a;s y;r" p;=¾:OHdkh muKla ,nd foa'
^wrEmdjpr iudm;a;s y;r" OHdkdx. jYfhka i,lk
l,ays rEmdjpr p;=¾:OHdkfha wx.j,ska hq;= jk neúka
fufia olajk ,§'& fuys § rEmdjpr OHdk ms<sn| j olajk
,oafoa zp;=IalZ kh l%uhg h'
-15-
3. ÈÜÀúiqoaê
uq,ska iu:h jvd wk;=re j úo¾Ykdjg fhduq jk

fhda.djprhdg by; i|yka l¾uia:dk w;=ßka pß;dkql+,
l¾uia:dkhla mdol lr f.k Wmpdr - w¾mKd iudëka
,nd f.k wk;=re j úo¾Ykdjg fhduq úh yels h' th
ziu:mQ¾jdÙ.u úo¾YkdZ l%uh hs' tfia;a ke;s kï Wmpdr
- w¾mKd iudëka iu: jYfhka ÈhqKq fkd fldg" i;r
i;smÜGdkhg wkq.; jk f,i ukd isys - kqj‚ka hq;=
fjñka rEm yd kdu O¾u mß.%y lrñka ^kqj‚ka
iïu¾Ykh lrñka& o fhda.djprhdg úo¾Ykdjg fhduq úh
yels h' th zY=oaO-úo¾YkdZ l%uh hs' ^fuys § mQ¾jfhka
iu: jYfhka iudêh ÈhqKq fkd l< o ialkaO - Od;= -
wdh;k - máÉpiuqmamdo O¾u úo¾Ykd kqj‚ka
iïu¾Ykh lrk fhda.djprhd ;=< kSjrK ikais£ hdu
ksid iudêu;a njla we;s fõ'& fuf,i úo¾Ykd N+ñhg
wj;S¾K jk fhda.djprhd úiska m%:ufhka u imqrd .;
hq;af;a ÈÜÀúiqoaêh hs' mD:.ackhka úiska zi;aFjhdZ -
zmqoa.,hdZ - zuuZ - zwd;auhZ jYfhka jrojd .%yKh lr
f.k ;sfnkafka úiswgla jQ rEm O¾u iy f;mkia kdu
O¾u ^fomkia ffp;isl iy ú[aØKh& mu‚' fuu
kdu-rEm O¾u ;=< mrud¾: jYfhka i;aFjfhla fyda
mqoa.,fhla fyda wd;auhla we;eZhs lshd jrojd .ekSu jerÈ
oDIaáhls' tu jerÈ oDIaáh ÿre lr .ksñka" ;ud ;=<
mj;sk kdu-rEm O¾u kqj‚ka fjka lr f.k tu kdu-
rEm O¾u ;=< zi;aFjZ - zmqoa.,Z - zwd;auZ - zuuZ jYfhka
.; yels lsisjla ke;s nj ukd kqj‚ka jgyd f.k"
zi;aFjZ oDIaáh blaujd hñka kdu-rEm ms<sn| j
h:djfndaOh we;s lr .ekSu ÈÜÀúiqoaêh hs'
kdu-rEm O¾uhkaf.a h:diajNdjh kqj‚ka
ie,lSfuys fhfok fhda.djprhd wgúis rEm iy f;mkia
kdu O¾uhkaf.a ,CLK" ri" mÉpqmÜGdk" moÜGdk hk
lreKq ms<sn| j wjfndaO lr .; hq;= h'
-16-
1. ,laLK :- zmÉp;a;,CLKZ fyj;a kdu-rEm
O¾uhkaf.a iajNdj-,CIK wjfndaO lr
.ekSu' WÞyrKhla f,i mGùOd;=j .;a
l,ays tys ;o - fudf<dla - r¿ - isks÷ -
nr - ieye,a¨ jYfhka ,CIK yhla
we;' tu iajNdjhka mGùOd;=fõ
zmÉp;a;,CLKZ fyj;a iajNdj
,CIKfhda h'
2. ri :-kdu-rEm O¾uhkaf.a lD;Hhka wjfndaO
lr .ekSu'
3. mÉpqmÜGdk :-kdu-rEm O¾u is;g jegfyk wdldrh
kqj‚ka ie,lSu'
4. moÜGdk :-kdu-rEm O¾uhkag wdikak lreK
wjfndaO lr .ekSu'
fuf,i kdu-rEm O¾u kqj‚ka fjka lr f.k

olsk fhda.djprhdg tu kdu-rEm O¾u jkdys i;aFj"
mqoa.," wd;au fkd jk yqfola fya;=-M, O¾u ud;%hla u
nj wjfndaO fõ' kduh;a - rEmh;a tlsfklska fjka lr
f.k kqj‚ka olsk fhda.djprhd tu kdu-rEm O¾u
ms<sn| j wjfndaO lr .kq ,nkafka fldrdf.a ^ms<df.a& iy
wkaOhdf.a Wmudjg wkqj h' ta fufia hs' tkï" oEi fkd
fmfkk wkaOfhla iy weúo hd fkd yels fldfrla
Tjqfkdjqka l;sld lr f.k Tjqfkdjqkaf.a Wmldrfhka
wjYH ;ekg .shy' weúo hd fkd yels fldrdj ;u msg
u; ys÷jd .;a wkaOhd" ;udf.a oEi fkd fmkqKq o
fldrdf.a u. fmkaùu wkqj ksjerÈ f,i .uka lf<a h'
fuu Wmudj wkqj rEm O¾u wkaOhd n÷ h' wruqKq
±k.ekSfï yelshdjla rEmhg ke;' kdu O¾u ^Ñ;a;"
ffp;isl O¾u& fldrd n÷ h' kdu O¾uhkag wruqKq
±k.; yels jqj o .ukdÈ bßhjq meje;aùu l< fkd yel'
kdu O¾uhkaf.a fufyhùu u; rEmh bßhjq meje;aùudÈh
isÿ lrkafka fldrdf.a fufyhùu wkqj wkaOhd .uka
-17-
lrkakdla fuks' fuf,i zremamkhZ jk ^jyd fjkia jk&
,CIKfhka hq;= foa rEmh jYfhkq;a wruqKg kefuk
,CIKfhka hq;= Ñ;a;" ffp;isl O¾u kduh jYfhkq;a
meyeÈ,s f,i kqj‚ka fjka lr .ekSfuka ^kdu-rEm O¾u
;=< i;aFj" mqoa.," wd;au jYfhka .; yels lsisjla ke;s
nj jgyd .ekSsfuka& jerÈ oDIaàka neyer ù f.dia
ÈÜÀúiqoaêh we;s fõ' r:hl wjhj fjka l< l,ays
mrud¾: jYfhka r:hla olakg fkd ,efnk w;r r:fha
fldgia ish,a, ukd j .e<mQ l,ays muKla zr:hZ hk
jHjydrh fhfoa' tf,iska u kdurEmmßÉfþoØKh we;s
lr .;a fhda.djprhdg kdu-rEm O¾u ;=< mrud¾:
jYfhka i;aFjfhl= ke;s nj uekúka wjfndaO fõ'
(1) “h:dys wÙ.iïNdrd

fyda;s ioafoda rf:da b;s"
tajx Lkafèiq ikaf;aiq
fyda;s i;af;da;s iïuq;s'”
kdkdúO wjhj iuQyhla tlg .e<mQ l,ays zr:hZh

hk jHjydrh îïuq;sh - m%{ma;sh& fhfokafka hï fia o
tfia u ialkaOhka we;s l,ays zi;aFjhdZh hk jHjydrh
fhfoa'
(2) “ÿlaLfïjys iïfNda;s

ÿlaLx ;sÜG;s fõ;s p"
kd[a[;% ÿlaLd iïfNda;s
kd[a[;% ÿlaLd ksreÊCO;S'”
fuys yg.kafka ÿlla u h' î;aFjfhla fkd fõ!&

mj;skafka;a ke;s j hkafka;a ÿlla u h' ÿl yer wka
lsisjla fuys my< fkd fõ' ÿl yer wka lsisjla fuys
ksreoaO fkd fõ'
^NsCLqkSixhq;a;fha - jðrd iQ;%h&
-18-
fuf,i kdu-rEm O¾uhkaf.a h:diajNdjh kqj‚ka
jgyd .;a fhda.djprhd ;=< YdYaj; oDIaáh ^ziÞ;ksl
wd;auhla we;eZhs lshd jrojd .;a oDIaáh& fuka u WÉfþo
oDIaáh ^zi;aFjhd ur‚ka u;= úkdY ù hkafka hZ hs lshd
jrojd .;a oDIaáh& n÷ jerÈ oDIaá my< fkd fõ' ^fuys §
jerÈ oDIaàka ÿre ù hkafka iuqÉfþo jYfhka fkdj
;oÙ. jYfhks'& fuf,i YdYaj;" WÉfþo" i;aFj" wd;audÈ
jerÈ oDIaàkaf.ka is; uqojd .ksñka kdu-rEm O¾uhkaf.a
h:diajNdjh ^f,!lsl jYfhka& wjfndaO lr f.k oDIaáh
msßisÿ lr .ekSu ÈÜÀúiqoaêh hs'
ÈÜÀúiqoaêh we;s lr .ekSfuka
zkdurEmmßÉfþoØKhZ ^kdu - rEm ms<sn| j uQ,sl
jYfhka wjfndaO lr .ekSfï kqjK& iïmQ¾K ùu isÿ jk
w;r fuh zkdurEmjj;a:dkZ - ziÙLdrmßÉfþoØKZ hk
kïj,ska o ye¢kafõ' ÈÜÀúiqoaêh wh;a jkafka
zØ;mß[aØZ fyj;a kdu-rEm O¾u ms<sn| iajNdj-
,laIK ^mÉp;a;,laLK& jgyd .ekSfï wjfndaOhg h'
-19-
4. lÙLdú;rKúiqoaê
ÈÜÀúiqoaêh iïmQ¾K lr .;a fhda.djprhd úiska

Ø;mß[aØfõ ó<`. wÈhr jk lÙLdú;rKúiqoaêh
iïmQ¾K lr .ekSug jEhï l< hq;= h' kdu-rEm O¾uhka
yg.ekSu i|yd uq,a jk fya;=-m%;Hhhka ms<sn| j ukd j
wjfndaO lr .ksñka w;S; - j¾;udk - wkd.; hk
ld,;%h ms<sn| iel ÿre lr .ekSu lÙLdú;rKúiqoaêh hs'
kdu-rEm O¾u zi;aFjZ - zmqoa.,Z - zwd;auZ jYfhka jrojd
.;a mD:.ackhd ;=<" zuu w;S;fhys isáfhï o@ ke;fyd;a
fkd isáfhï o@ uu ur‚ka u;= wkd.;fhys jkafkï o@
ke;fyd;a fkd jkafkï o@ ±ka isákafka;a fmr isá uu o
ke;fyd;a wfkflla o@ ur‚ka u;= i;aFjfhla isáhs o@Z
hkdÈ jYfhka i;aFjhd ms<sn| j fkdfhla wdldr jQ iel
mj;S' ;ud ;=< i;aFjfhl= fyda mqoa.,fhl= fyda wd;auhla
jYfhka .; yels meje;aula ke;s nj;a we;af;a yqfola u
kdu-rEm foflys fya;= - M, meje;au muKla nj;a
uekúka wjfndaO lr f.k ÈÜÀúiqoaêh we;s lr .;a
fhda.djprhd tu kdu - rEm O¾u yg.ekSug fya;= jQ
m%;Hhhka ms<sn| j wk;=re j kqj‚ka úuid ne,sh hq;= h'
kdu-rEm O¾uhkaf.a fya;=-M, iïnkaO;dj jgyd
.; hq;af;a máÉpiuqmamdohg wkqj h' wúoHdj ksid
ixialdr ^l=i,dl=i, l¾u& o ixialdr ksid ú[aØKh
^máikaê& o ú[aØKh ksid kdu - rEm o kdu - rEm ksid
i<dh;k o i<dh;k ksid iam¾Yh o im¾Yh ksid ú£u o
ú£u ksid ;Kaydj o ;Kaydj ksid WmdÞkh o WmdÞkh
ksid Njh ^l¾u& o Njh ksid Wm; o Wm; ksid
crdurK o we;s jk nj máÉpiuqmamdohg wkqj kqj‚ka
úuik fhda.djprhdg w;S; fya;+ka ksid j¾;udk M, o
j¾;udk fya;+ka ksid wkd.; M, o yg.kakd nj;a
j¾;udk fya;+kaf.a wNdjfhka wkd.; M, ksreoaO jk
nj;a ukd j wjfndaO fõ' fuu wjfndaOh we;s lr .;a
fhda.djprhdg kdu-rEm O¾u ms<sn| w;S; - wkd.; -
-20-
j¾;udk hk ld,;%h .ek iel ÿre ù hhs' nqoaOdÈ wg
;eka ms<sn| iel o ^;djld,sl j& ikais£ug m;a fõ'
ixialdrhkaf.a wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au hk ;s%,laIKh
ms<sn| j o ielhla we;s fkd fõ' fuys § kdu-rEm O¾u
ms<sn| iel ÿre ù hkafka iuqÉfþo jYfhka fkdj ;oÙ.
jYfhks' fufia m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO ^kdu-rEm& ms<sn| j
máÉpiuqmamdohg wkqj kqj‚ka olsñka w;S; - j¾;udk -
wkd.; - wdOHd;añl - ndysr O¾u ms<sn| j fya;=
m%;Hhhka uekúka wjfndaO lr .ksñka iel ÿre lr
.ekSu lÙLdú;rKúiqoaêh hs' th zh:dN+;ØKZ"
ziïudoiaikZ hk kïj,ska o ye¢kafjk w;r fuu ×kh
o zØ;mß[aØZ fyj;a kdu-rEm O¾u ms<sn| iajNdj-
,laIK ^mÉp;a;,laLK& jgyd .ekSfï wjfndaOhg wh;a
fõ'
lÙLdú;rKúiqoaêh iïmQ¾K lr .;a
fhda.djprhdj zpq,a,fida;dmkakZ kñka mqrdK
wdpd¾hjrhka úiska y÷kajkq ,en we;' fuu wjia:djg
m;a fhda.djprhd l¨ßh lrkafka kï taldka;fhka u
iq.;s.dó fõ' tfuka u fuu fhda.djprhd fu;eka mgka
bÈßhg kj uydúo¾Ykd×k Wmojd .ekSug;a tfia u
m%udKj;a fya;+ka we;s l,ays ud¾.-M, ,eîug;a iqÿiqlï
,nhs'
-21-
5. u.a.du.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaê
lÙLdú;rKúiqoaêh iïmQ¾K lr .;a fhda.djprhd
wk;=re j úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj ÈhqKq lr f.k hdfuys §
is;g wruqKq jk wdf,dalh" m%S;sh n÷ ;;aFjhka ksid
zud¾.-M, ,enqfjñZhs lshd uq<d úh yels h' tfia uq<d fkd
ù ienE f,i u ud¾. - M, ,efnk mßÈ úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj
bÈßhg iïmQ¾K lr f.k hdu i|yd ksjerÈ u. l=ula
±Zhs lshd wjfndaO lr .ekSu" u.a.du.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaêh
hs' iÙLdrmßÉfþoØKfhka ÈÜÀúiqoaêh;a
mÉphmß.a.yØKfhka lÙLdú;rKúiqoaêh;a we;s lr
.;a fhda.djprhd úiska zØ;mß[aØZ fyj;a ixialdr
O¾uhkaf.a iajNdj ,laIK ms<sn| wjfndaOh iïmQ¾K lr
.kakd ,oafoa fjhs' zØ;mß[aØjZ iïmQ¾K lr .;a
fhda.djprhdg ud¾.h yd wud¾.h û. - fkd u.& ms<sn|
×kh we;s jkafka wk;=re j we;s z;SrKmß[aØjgZ
t<eöfuks' f,!lsl zmß[aØZ ;=kla ;sfí' ^zmß[aØZ hkq
msßis| wjfndaO lsÍu" iïmQ¾K f,i wjfndaO lr .ekSu
hk w¾:h hs'&
1. Ø;mß[aØ :- kdu-rEm O¾uhkaf.a iajNdj-,CIK
^mÉp;a;,laLK& wjfndaO lr .ekSfï ×kh' tkï"
zremamk fyj;a jyd fjkia jkiq¨ nj rEmfha ,CIKh hs'
wruqfKys ri ú£u fõokdjkaf.a ,CIKh hsZ hkdÈ
jYfhks' iÙLdrmßÉfþoØKfha ^kdurEmmßÉfþoØKfha&
mgka mÉphmß.a.yØKh olajd wh;a jkafka
zØ;mß[aØZ N+ñhg hs'
2. ;SrKmß[aØ :-kdu-rEm O¾uhkaf.a ;s%,CIKh

îdu[a[,laLK& wjfndaO lr .ekSfï ×kh' tkï"
zrEmh wks;Hh h - fõokd wks;Hh hZ hkdÈ jYfhks'
l,dmiïuikØKfha ^khúmiaikd& mgka
WohínhdkqmiaikdØKh olajd wh;a jkafka
z;SrKmß[aØZ N+ñhg hs'
-22-
3. mydkmß[aØ :- kdu-rEm O¾u ms<sn| ks;Hix× wdÈh
ÿre lsÍï jYfhka we;s jk úo¾Ykd×k'
NÙ.dkqmiaikdØKfha mgka by<g ^f,daflda;a;r
ud¾.×k ,eîu f;la& zmydkmß[aØZ N+ñh hs' fuhg
WohínhØKfha Wmßu w¾Oh o we;=<;a nj we;eï
wdpd¾hjre woyia olaj;s'
u.a.du.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaêh we;s lr .ekSu i|yd

fhda.djprhd úiska zl,dmiïuikZ fyj;a zkhúmiaikdZ
l%uhg úo¾Ykd jeãu wdrïN l< hq;= h' fuys §
zl,dmiïuikZ fyj;a zkhúmiaikdZ Ndjkd l%uh f,i
ye¢kafjkafka w;S; - j¾;udk - wkd.; hk ;=ka ld,hg
wh;a úúO wdldrfha ixialdr O¾uhka iuia;hla jYfhka
f.k tu ixildrhkaf.a wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au ,CIK
jgyd .ekSu hs' tkï rEm - fõokd - i[aØ - iÙLdr -
ú[aØK hk ialkaO mi"
1. w;S; 7. ishqï îqLqu&

2. wkd.; 8. my;a ^ySk&
3. j¾;udk 9. Wiia ^mŒ;&
4. wdOHd;añl ^wÊCO;a;& 10. ÿr
5. ndysr ^nysoaOd& 11. <`.
6. r¿ ^´<dßl&
hk tfldf<dia wdldrh wkqj wruqKq lr f.k

ixialdr O¾u wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au jYfhka
úo¾Ykdjg kexùu zl,dmiïuikZ l%uh fyj;a
zkhúmiaikdjZ hs' tu wjfndaOfhys msysgd ;j ÿrg;a
máÉpiuqmamdohg wkqj yd ialkaO jYfhka wruqKq lrñka
ixialdr O¾uhka wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au jYfhka
úo¾Ykdjg kxjd ne,sh hq;= h'
wk;=re j m[ap-WmdÞkialkaOhkaf.a idudkH-
,CIK jk wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au hk ;s%,CIKh
-23-
uekúka wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd uydp;a;d<Sidldr
úmiaikd Ndjkd l%uh Ndú; l< yels nj úiqoaêu.a.
.%ka:fhys i|yka fõ' p;a;d<Sidldr úmiaikd Ndjkdj
hkq wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au hk ,CIK ;=k i;<sia
wdldrhlska úia;r jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu hs' m[ap-
WmdÞkialkaOhkays fuu wd§kj i;<si u olakg ,efí'
p;a;d<Sidldr úmiaikd Ndjkdj

1. wksÉpf;da - wks;H jYfhka ±lSu:-
rEm - fõokd - i[aØ - iÙLdr - ú[aØK hk
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys jyd ygf.k ì£ hk neúka o
iaÓr j fkd mj;akd neúka o yg.ekSula wjidkhla we;s
neúka o wks;H h'
2. ÿlaLf;da - ÿla jYfhka ±lSu:-
kdu ^fõokd" i[aØ" iÙLdr" ú[aØK&" rEm ^mGù"
wdfmda" f;afcda" jdfhda& O¾uhka ksrka;rfhka we;s j ke;s
fjñka i;aFjhd fm<k neúka o ÿlg u fya;= ù mj;sk
neúka o ÿla h'
3. frda.f;da - frda.hla jYfhka ±lSu:-
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys fkdfhla
m%;Hhhkaf.ka ikais÷jd .; hq;= frda.hla n÷ ksid o
frda.hkag jia;=jla neúka o frda.hla n÷ h'
4. .Kavf;da - .~qjla ^ms<sldjla& jYfhka ±lSu:-
fõokd f.k fok neúka o flf,ia kue;s ierj
je.sfrk neúka o yg.ekSï - ÈÍï - ì£ï iys; neúka o
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO .~qjla n÷ h'
5. i,a,f;da - W,la jYfhka ±lSu:-
we;=<; úÈk ^W,la& n÷ j mSvd f.k fok neúka o
neyer lsÍug ÿIalr neúka o m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO W,la
-24-
n÷ h'
6. w>f;da - úm;la yd mdmhla jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys wd§kj nyq, neúka
.¾yd l< hq;a;ls' tfuka u whym;" kmqr" mßydksh
le|jk neúka o úm;aj,g yd mdmhg f;da;ekakla j
mj;sk neúka o zw>Z h'
7. wdndOf;da - wdndOhla jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys wkqka úiska /l n,d
.; hq;= frda.sfhl= fuka ;ukag wji`. j mj;sk neúka o
frda.dndOhkag jia;=jla neúka o wdndOhla n÷ h'
8. mrf;da - wkqka i;= foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys ;udf.a ji`.fhys
fkd mj;sk neúka o ;udg hgy;a j fkd mj;sk neúka o
zmrZ h'
9. mf,dalf;da - ì£ hk foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

jHdê - crd - urK wdÈfhka m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO
ì£ hk neúka zmf,dalZ h'
10. B;sf;da - jHik jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys wfkalúO úm;a - jHik
f.k fok neúka zB;sZ h'
11. Wmoaojf;da - Wmøj jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

uy;a jQ wk¾: isÿ lrk neúka o ish¨ Wmøjhkag
jia;= jk neúka o m[ap-WmdÞkialkaOfhda zWmøjfhdaZ h'
12. Nhf;da - Nh jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

ish¨ NS;Skag wdlrhla neúka o ish¨ ÿlaj,
ksfrdaOh jk ksjkg m%;smlaI neúka o m[ap-
-25-
WmdÞkialkaO zNhZ h'
13. Wmi.a.f;da - wka;rdhla" fodaIhla jYfhka kqj‚ka
±lSu:-
fkdfhla wk¾: ÿqn¢k ksid o fodaIhkaf.ka
.yK neúka o m[ap-WmdÞkialkaOfhda zWmi.a.fhdaZ h'
14. p,f;da - ief,k foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

crd - jHdê - urKhkaf.ka fuka u ,dN - w,dNdÈ
f,dal O¾uj,ska m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO ks;r ief,k"
fjkia jk neúka zp,Z h'
15. mNÙ.=f;da - ìf|k foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
ndysr Wml%u wdÈfhka yd iajNdjfhka u ìf|kiq¨
neúka m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO zmNÙ.=Z h'
16. woaOqjf;da - wiaÓr foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
ish¨ wjia:dj, u fjkia jk neúka o iaÓr Ndjhla
ke;s neúka o m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO zwoaOqjZ h'
17. w;a;dKf;da - wkdrCIs; foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys i;aFjhkaj cd;s - crd -
urK wdÈ iir ÿlska /l .ekSug iu;a fkd fõ' m[ap-
WmdÞkialkaO mj;sk f;la i;aFjhkag fCIau Ndjhla"
ks¾NhNdjhla fkdue;s neúka ialkaOfhda zw;a;dKZ fj;a'
18. wf,aKf;da - wdrCIs; ia:dkhla fkd fõ hZhs kqj‚ka
±lSu:-
we,Sug kqiqÿiq neúka o wdrCIdjla fidhk
i;aFjhkag wdrCIs; ia:dkhla fkd jk neúka o
ialkaOfhda zwf,aKZ fj;a'
19. wirKf;da - msysgla ke;s foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
ialkaOhka weiqre lrkakd jQ i;aFjhkag thska lsis
msysgla ke;s neúka m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO zwirKZ h'
-26-
20. ß;a;f;da - ysia foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
i;aFjhka úiska jrojd i,lkq ,nkakd jQ ks;H -
iqN - iqL - wd;auNdjhkaf.ka m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO ysia
neúka zß;a;Z h'
21. ;=ÉPf;da - ;=ÉP jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
ysia neúka fuka u idr;ajfhka w,am neúka
ialkaOfhda z;=ÉPZ fj;a'
22. iq[a[f;da - Y+kH jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
iajdñ - ksjdiS - ldrl - fõol - wêÜGdhl wdÈ
jYfhka lsisfjla m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO ;=< ke;s neúka o
wd;aóh iajNdjfhka ysia neúka o zY+kHZ h'
23. wk;a;f;da - wkd;au jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
z;udZ h" zwd;auhZ h jYfhka iajdó;ajhlska .; hq;=
lsisjla ke;s neúka m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO zwkd;auZ h'
24. wd§kjf;da - wd§kj ^fÞia& ±lSï jYfhka kqj‚ka
±lSu:-
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaOhkaf.a meje;au ÿla iys;
neúka o È<s÷Ndjfhka hqla; neúka o wd§kj iys; h'
25. úmßKduOïuf;da - fmrf<k ^fjkia jk& iajNdjfhka
hq;= foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
crdjg m;a ùï jYfhka o urKhg m;a ùï
jYfhka o ialkaOhka jyd fmrf<k iajNdjfhka hq;= h'
26. widrlf;da - idrhla ke;s foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
ÿ¾j, .il t<h fuka myiqfjka ì£ hk neúka
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO zwidrlZ h'
-27-
27. w>uQ,f;da - jHikhkag yd mdmhkag uq,a jQ foa
jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys ish¨ jHikhkag yd
mdmhkag uq,a jk neúka zw>uQ,Z h'
28. jOlf;da - jOlhka jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys ñ;=re ú,dYfhka
meñfKk i;=frl= fuka m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO flfrys
úYajdih ;enQjkaj tu ialkaOhka úiska u crd -
urKdÈfhka kid ouk neúka ialkaOfhda zjOlfhdaZ h'
29. úNjf;da - úkdYhla f,i kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys i;aFjhkag wNsjDoaêhla
fkdj úkdYh u f.k fok ksid zúNjZ h'
30. idijf;da - wdi%jhkag ys; jQ foa jYfhka kqj‚ka

±lSu:-
wdi%j ^flf,ia& yg.ekSug m[ap-
WmdÞkialkaOhkaf.a meje;au fya;= jk neúka zidijZ h'
31. iÙL;f;da - fya;+ka ksid yg.;a foa jYfhka kqj‚ka

±lSu:-
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys fya;= - m%;Hhhkaf.ka
yg.;a meje;aula neúka ziÙL;Z h'
32. udrdñif;da - udrhdf.a f.dÿre jYfhka kqj‚ka

±lSu:-
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys urKh kï jQ uref.a
ûÉpqudr& yd flf,ia kue;s uref.a f.dÿre neúka
zudrdñiZ h'
-28-
33. cd;sOïuf;da - bm§u iajNdjh fldg we;s foa jYfhka
kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
cd;sh fyj;a Wm; hkq m[ap-WmdÞkialkaOhkaf.a
yg.ekSu hs' yg.ekSu ^Wm;& iajNdjh fldg we;s neúka
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO zcd;sOïuZ h'
34. crdOïuf;da - ÈÍu iajNdjh fldg we;s foa jYfhka

kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
crdj fyj;a ÈÍu - uy¨ ùu m[ap-
WmdÞkialkaOhkag wh;a O¾u;djls' ksr;=re j fjkia jk
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO l%ufhka crd - Ô¾K ;;aFjhg m;a
jk neúka zcrdOïuZ h'
35. jHdêOïuf;da- jHdêh iajNdjh fldg we;s foa

jHdê - f,v - ÿla - mSvd ish,a, yg.kafka m[ap-
WmdÞkialkaO we;s neúks' tneúka m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO
zjHdêOïuZ h'
36. urKOïuf;da - urKh iajNdjh fldg we;s foa

laI‚l j isÿ jk ì£ hdu fuka u Ôú;h ksreoaO
ùfï ziïuq;s-urKhZ mj;skafka o m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO
we;s neúks' tneúka m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO zurKOïuZ h'
37. fidalOïuf;da - fYdalhg fya;= jk foa jYfhka

kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
fYdalhg fya;= jk iEu foa u yg.kafka m[ap-
WmdÞkialkaO we;s neúks' m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO ke;s kï
fYdalhg lreKla o ke;' tneúka m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO
zfidalOïuZ h'
-29-
38. mßfoajOïuf;da - y~kakg fya;= jk foa jYfhka
kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
y~kakg" je,fmkakg isÿ jk ×;sjHik"
fNda.jHik wdÈ lgql w;a±lSïj,g i;aFjhkag uqyqK
mEug isÿ jkafka m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO we;s neúks' tneúka
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO zmßfoajOïuZ h'
39. WmdhdiOïuf;da - ±ä f,i is; fjfyi jk ojk foaa

±ä udkisl mSvdjkag i;aFjhkag uqyqK mEug isÿ
jkafka m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO mj;sk ksid h' tneúka
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys zWmdhdiOïuZ h'
40. ixlsf,aislOïuf;da - flf,iSfï iajNdjfhka hq;=

O¾u;djla jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO jkdys ;DIaKd" oDIaá wdÈ
flf,iaj,ska yd ÿYapß;j,ska flf,iSug m;a jk
fCIa;%h neúka zixlsf,aislOïuZ h'
fuu wd§kj i;<sfika wksÉp" mf,dal" p," mNÙ.="

woaOqj" úmßKduOïu" widrl" úNj" iÙL;" urKOïu hk
oih zwks;HZ ,CIKh m%lg lrhs' tu oidldrh wkqj
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO úo¾Ykdjg kxjk úg
wksÉpdkqmiaikdj mkia wdldr fõ' ;j o mr" ß;a;" ;=ÉP"
iq[a[" wk;a; hk wd§kj mi zwkd;auZ ,CIKh m%lg
lrhs' tu mia wdldrh wkqj m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO
úo¾Ykdjg kxjk úg wk;a;dkqmiaikdj úismia wdldr
fõ' ÿlaL" frda. wdÈ jQ fiiq wd§kj úismy ;=<ska m%lg
flfrkafka zÿlaLZ ,CIKh hs' tu úismia wdldrh wkqj
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO úo¾Ykdjg kxjk úg
ÿlaLdkqmiaikdj tlish úismia wdldr fõ' fuf,i wdldr
foishhlska (50 + 25 + 125) wks;HdÈ jYfhka m[ap-
WmdÞkialkaO úo¾Ykd kqj‚ka iïu¾Ykh lrk úg
-30-
zkhúmiaikdZ kñka ye¢kafjk" m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO
;s%,CIKhg kxjd ne,Sfï úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj isf;ys
;yjqre fõ'
wk;=re j ;j ÿrg;a kdu - rEm O¾u úo¾Ykd
lsÍug zrEmi;a;lZ yd zwrEmi;a;lZ hk l%u o Ndú; l<
yels h'
-31-
rEmi;a;l l%uh
^rEmh úo¾Ykdjg kxjk wdldr 7&
1. wdÞkkslafÄmk - zwdÞkZ hkq m%;sikaêh hs' zkslafÄmkZ
hkq urKh hs' fï fol w;r f.ù hk wdhq-ld,h tla
Ôú;hls' Wmßu jYfhka .;a l,ays th j¾I ishhla ;rï
jkq we;' fï ld,h ;=< mj;sk ish¨ ixialdr O¾u wks;H
h' ygf.k ì£ hk neúka o fjkia jk ^úmßKdu&
neúka o ks;H njg úreoaO neúka o wks;H h' tfia yg.;a
wks;H jQ ixialdr O¾u crdjg m;a j taldka;fhka u ì£
hhs' tneúka fuu ixialdr O¾u jkdys i;aFjhka
ksrka;rfhka fm<k neúka o taldka; ÿla neúka o ÿlg
jia;=jla jk neúka o iemhg úreoaO neúka o ÿl h'
ksr;=re j fjkia jk ixialdr O¾u fkd Èrk f,i
fkd ìf|k f,i mj;ajd .ekSug i;aFjhka leu;s jqj;a
th tfia l< fkd yel' ixialdr O¾u ;udf.a ji`.fhys
mj;ajd .; fkd yels neúka o wiajdñl neúka o
uu;ajfhka ysia ^Y+kH& neúka o wd;aóh woyig úreoaO
neúka o wkd;au h' fufia m%;sikaêfha mgka urKh olajd
mj;sk rEm ish,a, wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au jYfhka
kqj‚ka olsñka úo¾Ykdjg kexùu zwdÞkkslafÄmkZ
l%uh hs'
2. jfhdajqoaO;a:Ù.u - ld,dkqrEm j isÿ jk rEmfha
úmßKduh mßÉfþoj,g fjka lr f.k úo¾Ykdjg
kexùu h" fuhska woyia lrkq ,nkafka'
j¾I ishhla Ôj;a jk flfkl=f.a m<uq j¾I
;sia;=k zm%:u jhiZ f,i;a fojeks j¾I ;siay;r zuOHu
jhiZ f,i;a b;sß j¾I ;sia;=k zmYaÑu jhiZ f,i;a fjka
lr f.k fuf,i rEmh úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' tkï"
zm%:u jhfiys mej;s rEmh uOHu jhig fkd meñK m%:u
jhfiys § u ksreoaO fjhs' tneúka m%:u jhfiys mj;sk
rEmh wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h' uOHu jhfiys
mj;sk rEmh mYaÑu jhig fkd meñK uOHu
-32-
jhfiys § u ksreoaO fjhs' tneúka uOHu jhfiys mj;sk
rEmh wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h' mYaÑu jhfiys
mj;sk rEmh ur‚ka Tíng .uka lsÍula ke;' tneúka
tu rEmh o wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h"Z hkqfjks'
wk;=re j tu j¾I ishh j¾I oyfha mßÉfþo oyhlg
fnÞ .ksñka"
1. m<uq jir oyh - ukao oYlh ^<ore ld,h&
2. fojeks jir oyh - lS%vd oYlh ^fl<sfof<ka f.jk
ld,h&
3. f;jeks jir oyh - j¾K oYlh ^fid÷re fh!jk
ld,h&
4. isjqjeks jir oyh - n, oYlh ^ldh n,fhka hqla; jk
ld,h&
5. miajeks jir oyh - m%× oYlh ^kqjK uqyql=rd hk
ld,h&
6. yhjeks jir oyh - ydks oYlh ^YÍr Yla;sh msßfyk
ld,h&
7. y;ajeks jir oyh - zmíNdrZ oYlh ^YÍrh u|la l=ÿ
.efik ld,h&
8. wgjeks jir oyh - zmjÙlZ oYlh ^YÍrh jvd;a l=ÿ
.efik ld,h&
9. kjjeks jir oyh - fudauQy oYlh ^l< foa wu;l jk
ld,h&
10. oijeks jir oyh - ihk oYlh îhkfhys .; lrk
wjika ld,h&
fuf,i fldgia lr f.k wk;=re j fufia rEmh
úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' tkï" zm%:u oYlfhys rEmh
fojeks oYlhg fkd meñK tys u ksreoaO fjhs' tneúka
tu rEmh wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h''''' kjjeks
oYlfhys mej;s rEmh oijeks oYlhg fkd meñK tys u
ksreoaO fjhs' tneúka tu rEmh wks;H h - ÿlaL h -
wkd;au h' oijeks oYlfhys mej;s rEmh B<`. Njhg
fkd meñK tys u ksreoaO fjhs' tneúka tu rEmh
-33-
wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h"Z hkqfjks'
fufia oYl jYfhka úo¾Ykdjg kxjd wk;=re j
j¾I my ne.ska fldgia úiailg fnÞ f.k by; ±lajQ
wdldrhg rEmh úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' tkï" zm%:u
j¾I mfiys mej;s rEmh fojeks j¾I myg fkd f.dia
tys u ksreoaO fõ' tneúka tu rEmh wks;H h - ÿlaL h -
wkd;au h''' úisjeks miajfiys mej;s rEmh urKfhka
Tíng .uka fkd fldg tys u ksreoaO fõ' tneúka rEmh
wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h"Z hkqfjks'
kej; j¾I i;r ne.ska úismia fldgila jYfhka
fnÞ f.k o j¾I ;=k ne.ska f;;sia fldgilg fnÞ
f.k o j¾I fol ne.ska mkia fldgilg fnÞ f.k o
j¾Ih ne.ska ishla fldgilg fnÞ f.k o by; ±lajQ
f,iska rEmh úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' wk;=re j tla
j¾Ihla R;= ;=kg fnÞ f.k úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h'
tkï" zjiaidk isjq ufiys mej;s rEmh fyauka;hg
fkd meñK tys u ksreoaO fjhs' tneúka rEmh wks;H h -
ÿlaL h - wkd;au hZ hkqfjks' fiiq R;= fol ms<sn| j;a
fufia u h' wk;=re j foui ne.ska j¾Ih fldgia yhlg
fnÞ f.k o zmqrZ mËh - zwjZ mËh jYfhka udih
fldgia follg fnÞ f.k o rEmh úo¾Ykdjg kexúh
hq;= h' wk;=re j tla Èkla i,ld f.k zoyj, mej;s
rEmh rd;s%hg fkd meñK tys u ksreoaO fjhs' tneúka
rEmh wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h"Z hkqfjka
úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' tfuka u fmrjrej -
uOHdyakh - ijiajrej - rd;S% m%:u hduh - rd;S% uOHu
hduh - rd;S% mYaÑu hduh jYfhka Èkh fldgia yhlg
fnÞ f.k fmr fia u rEmh úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h'
wk;=re j bÈßhg hdu" wdmiq yeÍ tau" ÈYd - wkqÈYd
ne,Su wdÈ ls%hdjka i,ld f.k zbÈßhg hEfï § mej;s
rEmh yeÍ wdmiq tau olajd fkd mej;S tys u ksreoaO
jkafka h' tneúka rEmh wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h"Z
hkqfjka úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' ilauka lsÍfï § tla
-34-
mshjrla ;eîu"
1. mh tiùu
2. bÈßhg hEu
3. Tìfkdn p,kh lsÍu
4. my;a lsÍu
5. ìu ;eîu
6. ;o lsÍu
jYfhka fldgia yhlg fnÞ f.k ta tla tla

fldgil § mej;s rEmh wfkla fldgig m;a fkd ù
tys u ksreoaO jk nj jgyd .ksñka zrEmh wks;H h -
ÿlaL h - wkd;au h"Z hkqfjka úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h'
fufia rEmh úo¾Ykdjg kxjk fhda.djprhdg" rEmh
jkdys CIKhla CIKhla mdid f.ùug" Ëh ùug hk
myfka jeáh yd f;, fuka jyd fjkia ù hk O¾u;djla
nj jegfya' fuf,i jfhdajqoaO;a:Ù.u l%ufhka o
fhda.djprhdg rEmfha wks;H;dj wjfndaO lr .ekSug
myiq fõ'
3. zwdydruh-rEmZ úo¾Ykdjg kexùu - wdydruh rEmhkays
wks;H;dj l=i.sks we;s úg yd ke;s úg jvd;a m%lg j
fmfka' l=i.sks we;s úg yg.kakd rEm ÿ¾j¾K h;
u,dksl iajrEmfhka hq;= h' wdydrfhka l=i msreKq úg
yg.kakd rEm uDÿ myiska hq;= h; m%Œ; h; j¾Kj;a h'
zl=i.sks we;s úg mj;sk rEm l=i msreKq wjia:dj olajd
fkd mej;S tys u ksreoaO fjhs' l=i msreKq úg mj;sk
rEm l=i.sks wjia:dj olajd fkd mej;S tys u ksreoaO fjhs'
tneúka rEmh wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au"Z h hkqfjka
úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h'
4. zW;=uh - rEmZ úo¾Ykdjg kexùu - iD;=uh rEmhkays
wks;H;dj YS; - WIaK wjia:djkays yg.kakd
rEmhkaf.ka jvd;a m%lg fõ' WIaK ld,fhys yg.kakd
rEm u,dksl h; ÿ¾j¾K h' YS; ld,fhys yg.kakd rEm
-35-
m%Œ; h; j¾Kj;a h; uDÿ myiska hq;= h' zYS; ld,fhys
mj;sk rEm WIaK ld,h olajd fkd mej;S tys u ksreoaO
fjhs' WIaK ld,fhys mj;sk rEm YS; ld,h olajd
fkd mej;S tys u ksreoaO fjhs' tneúka rEmh wks;H h -
ÿlaL h - wkd;au hZ hkqfjka úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h'
5. zl¾uc rEmZ úo¾Ykdjg kexùu - l¾uc ^mqrdK l¾uh
ksid yg.;a& rEm ms<sn| j m%lg j ±k.; yelafla
zi<dh;k-oajdrZ .ek ie,lSfuks' ta ta oajdrhkays mj;sk
l¾uc rEm l,dm fufia h'
wei ^plaLqoajdr& - rEm l,dm j¾. yhls'

1. plaLqoil - mGù" wdfmda" f;afcda" jdfhda" jKaK"
.kaO" ri" ćd" Ôú;SJøsh"
plaLqmamido
2. ldhoil - mGù" wdfmda" f;afcda" jdfhda" jKaK"
.kaO" ri" ćd" Ôú;SJøsh" ldhmamido
3. Ndjoil - mGù" wdfmda" f;afcda" jdfhda" jKaK"
.kaO" ri" ćd" Ôú;SJøsh" NdjrEm
4. W;=iuqÜGdk - mGù" wdfmda" f;afcda" jdfhda" jKaK"
.kaO" ri" ćd
5. Ñ;a;iuqÜGdk - mGù" wdfmda" f;afcda" jdfhda" jKaK"
.kaO" ri" ćd
6. wdydriuqÜGdk - mGù" wdfmda" f;afcda" jdfhda" jKaK"
.kaO" ri" ćd
ish¨ u rEm (10x3) + (8x3) = 54
lk ^fida;oajdr&" kdih ^>dkoajdr&" Èj ^ðõydoajdr&

hk wdh;kj, o by; ±lajQ mßÈ u rEm mkiay;r ne.ska
we;' fjki jkafka zplaLqmamidoZ - rEmh fhÿKq ;ek
ms<sfj<ska fida;mamido" >dkmamido" ðõydmamido hk rEm
fhÈh hq;= nj hs'
-36-
lh ^ldhoajdr& - rEm l,dm j¾. myls'
.kaO" ri" ćd
.kaO" ri" ćd
.kaO" ri" ćd
ish¨ u rEm (10x2) + (8x3) = 44
yohjF:q ^yDohjia;=-rEmh& - rEm l,dm j¾. yhls'
1. jF:qoil - mGù" wdfmda" f;afcda" jdfhda" jKaK"
.kaO" ri" ćd" Ôú;SJøsh" yohrEm
.kaO" ri" ćd
.kaO" ri" ćd
.kaO" ri" ćd
ish¨ u rEm (10x3) + (8x3) = 54
fhda.djprhd úiska ta ta oajdrhkays mqrdK l¾uh
ksid yg.;a rEm l,dm o fiiq W;= - Ñ;a; - wdydr
iuqÜGdk rEm l,dm o hk rEm ish,a, ms<sn| j kqj‚ka
i,lñka tu rEm ish,a, fufia úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h'
tkï" zwefiys ^plaLqoajdrfhys& yg.;a rEm lkg
-37-
^fida;oajdrhg& fkd meñK tys u ksreoaO fõ' tfia u
lfkys rEm kdihg o kdifha rEm Èjg o Èfjys rEm
lhg o lfhys rEm yDohjia;=-rEmhg o fkd meñK tys u
ksreoaO fõ' tneúka rEmh wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h"Z
hkqfjks'
6. zÑ;a;c - rEmZ úo¾Ykdjg kexùu - ta ta is;aj,
iycd;Ndjfhka yg.kakd rEm o we;' tu Ñ;a;c-rEmj,
wks;Hh fidïkia - fÞïkia wjia:dj, yg.kakd
rEmj,ska jvd;a m%lg fõ' is; fidïkia iy.; wjia:dj,
yg.kakd rEm uDÿ h; m%Œ;h h; j¾Kj;a h' is; fÞïkia
iy.; wjia:dj, yg.kakd rEm ÿ¾j¾K h; u,dksl h'
zfidïkia iy.; wjia:dj, § yg.kakd rEm fÞïkia
iy.; wjia:dj olajd fkd mej;S tys u ksreoaO fõ'
fÞïkia iy.; wjia:dj, § yg.kakd rEm fidïkia
iy.; wjia:dj olajd fkd mej;S tys u ksreoaO fõ'
tneúka rEmh wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h"Z hkqfjka
úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h'
7. zOïu;d - rEmZ úo¾Ykdjg kexùu - fuys § zOïu;d -
rEmZ jYfhka ie,flkafka rka - ß§ - uq;= - ue‚la wdÈ
jYfhka wfkal m%fNao jQ l,amh yg.kakd ld,fhys isg
f,dj my< jk bJøsh m%;snoaO fkd jQ rEm h' zW;=c - rEmZ
.Khg wh;a jk tu rEm m%Odk jYfhka mGù" wdfmda"
f;afcda" jdfhda" jKaK" .kaO" ri" ćd hk zY=oaOdIaglZ
rEm l,dmhkaf.ka ieliS we;' Yío - rEmh o we;=<;a jk
l,dmj, rEm .Kk kjhls' fuu Oïu;d - rEmj,
wks;Hh myiqfjka jgyd .ekSug wfYdal .iaj, fld<
WÞyrKhla jYfhka ie,lsh yels h' wfYdal .iaj,
yg.kakd wxl=r uq,ska u u| r;= mdg h' Èk lsysmhlska
fudark ,d o¿" ;o r;= meyefhka hq;= h' Èk lsysmhlska
kej;;a ,d r;g yefrk tu o¿ ;j;a Èk lsysmhlska ,d
fld< meyefhka hq;= ,má m;% njg m;a fõ' wk;=re j
m;% fïrE l, ;o fld< meyehg yef¾' tfia mj;sk m;%
-38-
lf,l § b§ m~qjka meye .ekAù kgqfjkA .s,syS ìu
m;s; fõ¡ fufia ,d r;= meye wxl=rj, mej;s rEm ;o r;=
meye o¿ njg fkd meñK tys u ksreoaO fõ¡ wjfYaI
wjia:dj, mej;s rEm o wjidkfhys § m;%h b§ m~qjka
meye njg m;a ùu olajd fkd mej;S ta ta wjia:dj, u
ksreoaO fjhs' tneúka ndysr jYfhka mj;sk rka - ß§ -
uq;= ue‚la wdÈ ish¨ zOïu;d-rEmZ o wks;H h - ÿlaL h -
wkd;au h" hkqfjka úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h'
fuf,i" rEmh ms<sn| wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au hk
;s%,CIKh wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd zrEmi;a;lZ l%uh
Ndú; l< yels w;r wk;=re j kdu O¾uhkaf.a
;s%,CIKh wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd wrEmi;a;l l%uh
Ndú; l< yels h'
wrEmi;a;l l%uh
^zkduZ O¾u úo¾Ykdjg kxjk wdldr 7&
1. zl,dmZ l%uh - Ñ;a;" ffp;isl O¾u iuQy jYfhka
f.k tu kdu O¾u wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au jYfhka
úo¾Ykdjg kexùu zl,dmZ l%uh hs' rEmi;a;l Ndjkd
l%uhkays ±lajqKq f,i tu i;a wdldrh wkqj rEmh
úo¾Ykd lrk Ñ;a;" ffp;isl O¾u iuQyh iuia;hla
jYfhka kqj‚ka i,ld f.k tu Ñ;a;" ffp;isl O¾u
wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h jYfhka fuys §
úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' WÞyrKhla f,i" zWmf;a mgka
urKh olajd mj;sk rEm urKfhka Tíng .uka lsÍula
ke;' Wm;;a urKh;a w;r mj;sk rEm ish,a, u
wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h'Z fuf,i rEmh úo¾Ykd
lsÍfï § my< jk fõokd - i[aØ - iÙLdr - ú[aØK
hk kdu ialkaO i;rg wh;a kdu O¾u ish,a, u
wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h" jYfhka úo¾Ykdjg
kexúh hq;= h' ^fuys § ta ta is;a wkqj my< jk ffp;isl
O¾u ms<sn| wjfndaOhla fhda.djprhd úiska m<uqfjka
-39-
we;s lr f.k ;sìh hq;= w;r fuys ,d zl,dmZ hkafkka
Miai" fõokd" i[aØ" fÉ;kd" Ñ;a; hk Miaim[apul
kdu O¾u iuQyh woyia lrkq ,efí' rEmh úo¾Ykd
lsÍfï § we;s jk fuu kdu O¾u iuQyh úo¾Ykdjg
kexùu zl,dmZ l%uh hs'&
2. zhulZ l%uh - rEmS yd wrEmS O¾u hq., jYfhka f.k
úo¾Ykdjg kexùu zhulZ l%uh hs' tkï" m<uqfjka Wmf;a
mgka urKh olajd mj;sk rEm wks;H h - ÿlaL h -
wkd;au h" hkqfjka rEmh ms<sfj,ska úo¾Ykd fldg tfia
rEmh úo¾Ykd l< is; ^Ñ;a; - ffp;isl O¾u& wks;H h
- ÿlaL h - wkd;au h" hkqfjka wfkla is;lska
úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' fuh zhulZ l%uh hs' tf,i u
zjfhdajqoaOF:Ù.uZ-rEm" wdydruh-rEm" W;=uh-rEm" lïuc-
rEm" Ñ;a;c-rEm" Oïu;d-rEm wks;H h - ÿlaL h -
wkd;au h" hkqfjka úo¾Ykdjg kxjd tfia rEmh
úo¾Ykd l< is; o wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h"
hkqfjka úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h'
3. zL‚lZ ^CIK jYfhka ne,Sfï& l%uh - Wmf;a isg
urKh olajd mj;sk rEm wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h"
hkqfjka m<uqfjka rEmh úo¾Ykdjg kxjd tfia rEmh
úo¾Ykd l< ^m<uq& is; ^Ñ;a; - ffp;isl O¾u& wks;H h
- ÿlaL h - wkd;au h" hkqfjka wfkla is;lska
úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' ta ^fojeks& is; o wks;H h -
ÿlaL h - wkd;au h hkqfjka ;j;a ^;=kajeks& is;lska
úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' tu ^;=kajeks& is; o wks;H h -
ÿlaL h - wkd;au h" hkqfjka wfkla îsjqjeks& is;lska
úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' tu îsjqjeks& is; o wks;H h -
ÿlaL h - wkd;au h" hkqfjka ;j;a ^miajeks& is;lska
úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' fufia rEmi;a;lhg wh;a
fiiq rEm o úo¾Ykdjg kxjñka rEm úo¾Ykd l< is;
;j;a is;a mrïmrd ^Ñ;a; ùÓ& i;rlska úo¾Ykd lsÍu
zL‚lZ l%uh hs'
-40-
4. zmámdáZ l%uh - Wmf;a isg urKh olajd mj;sk rEm
wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h" hkqfjka rEmh
úo¾Ykdjg kxjd tfia rEmh úo¾Ykd l< ^m<uq& is;
wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h" hkqfjka wfkla ^fojeks&
is;lska úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' ta fojeks is; ;=kajeks
is;lska úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h';=kajeks is; h<s isjqjeks
is;lska úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' fufia ms<sfj,ska
oijeks is; olajd úo¾Ykdjg kxjd tu oijeks is; o
wks;H h - ÿlaL h - wkd;au h" hkqfjka tfldf<diajeks
is;lska úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' fufia î;a
wdldrhg u& rEmh úo¾Ykd l< is; ;j;a is;a mrïmrd
oyhlska ms<sfj,ska úo¾Ykdjg kexùu zmámdáZ l%uh hs'
5. zÈÜÀW.a>dgkZ l%uh - wxl 5, 6, 7 hgf;a ±lafjk wrEm
úo¾Ykdjka jkdys fjka fjka jQ úo¾Ykd l%u fkd fõ'
rEm - wrEm O¾u úo¾Ykd lsÍu ;=<ska oDIaá - udk -
;DIaKd ÿre lsÍu h" bka woyia jkafka'
rEm-wrEm O¾uhka úo¾Ykdjg kxjkakd jQ
fhda.djprhdg tu O¾u i;aFjfhl= fkd fõ hZhs jegfya'
i;aFj oDIaáh ÿre jQ l,ays ixialdr ms<sn| jQ jerÈ
oDIaàka o ÿre fõ'
;j o zuu úo¾Ykd Ndjkd jvñ' fï udf.a
úo¾Ykdj hZ" hkqfjka .kakd l,ays th jerÈ oDIaáhls'
tfy;a ;shqKq f,i" kdu-rEm O¾u úo¾Ykdjg kxjkakd jQ
fhda.djprhdg yqfola ixialdr O¾ufhda u ixialdr
O¾uhka úo¾Ykd lr;sZ hs lshd wjfndaO jQ l,ays oDIaáh
ÿre lrk ,±Z hs ie,fla'^fuhska woyia flfrkqfha zuuZ h
lshd .kq ,nkafka;a ixialdr O¾u u nj;a ta ixialdr
úiska kdu-rEm ixialdr O¾u úo¾Ykdjg kxjk nj;a h'&
6. udkiuq.a>dgk ûdkh ke;s lsÍfï& l%uh - wd;au-
oDIaáh" i;aFj oDIaáh ÿre l< is;ska ixialdr O¾u
úo¾Ykdjg kxjk fhda.djprhdg udkh we;s fkd fõ'
tfy;a hï fhda.djprfhl= zuu uekúka úo¾Ykd jvñZ hs
-41-
lshd i,lkafka kï Tyqf.a udkh ÿre ù ke;' ixialdr
O¾ufhda u ixialdr O¾uhka úo¾Ykd lr;sZ hs lshd
wjfndaO lr .;a l,ays udkh ÿre lrk ,oafoa fjhs'
7. kslka;smßhdÞk ^we,au ÿre lsÍfï& l%uh - udkh ÿre
l< is;ska ixialdr úo¾Ykdjg kxjk fhda.djprhdg
úo¾Ykdj ms<sn| j we,au ^;Kaydj& we;s fkd fõ' tfy;a
hï fhda.djprfhl= zudf.a úo¾Ykd jeãu fyd| heZ hs
lshd i,lkafka kï úo¾Ykdj ms<sn| Tyqf.a we,au ÿre ù
ke;' ixialdr O¾ufhda u ixialdr úo¾Ykd lr;sZ hs lshd
wjfndaO lr .;a l,ays ;DIaKdj ÿre lrk ,oafoa fjhs'
ixialdr O¾u wkd;au jYfhka úo¾Ykd lsÍfï §
^wd;au& oDIaáh;a ixialdr O¾u wks;H jYfhka úo¾Ykd
lsÍfï § udkh;a ixialdr O¾u ÿla jYfhka úo¾Ykd
lsÍfï § ;DIaKdj;a ÿre ù hk nj fuys § ie,lsh yels h'
fufia wrEmi;a;l l%uh wkqj kdu O¾u
úo¾Ykdjg kexùfuka fõokd - i[aØ - iÙLdr -
ú[aØK hk kdu ialkaOhkaf.a ;s%,CIKh wjfndaO lr
.ekSu myiq fõ'
kdu-rEm O¾uhkaf.a ;s%,CIKh jgyd .;a
fhda.djprhd úiska wk;=re j m[ap-ialkaO we;s ùï -
ke;s ùï îuqoh-jh$Wohính& jYfhka mkia wdldrhlska
iïu¾Ykh lrñka ialkaOhkaf.a we;s ùu - ke;s ùu
^Wohính& ms<sn| j wjfndaO lr .ekSug jEhï l< hq;= h'
I.) rEm - WmdÞkialkaOh:
ziuqohZ - we;s ùu'
1. wúoHdj ksid rEmh yg.kS'
fya;=j w;S; fya;=
2. ;Kaydj ksid rEmh yg.kS' zm%;HhZ jYfhka rEmfha

yg.ekSu kqj‚ka ±lSu'
3. l¾uh ksid rEmh yg.kS' ^mÉphf;da&
j¾;udk
4. wdydr ksid rEmh yg.kS'

5. rEmh yg.kakd CIKfhys zCIKZ jYfhka rEmfha
yg.ekSfï îuqoh& ,CIKh yg.ekSu kqj‚ka ±lSu'
±lSu' ^LKf;da&
-42-
zjhZ - ke;s ùu'
6. wúoHdj ksreoaO ùfuka rEmh
ke;s fõ'
7. ;Kaydj ksreoaO ùfuka rEmh zm%;HhZ jYfhka rEmfha ke;s
ke;s fõ' ùu ^jh& kqj‚ka ±lSu'
8. l¾uh ksreoaO ùfuka rEmh
ke;s fõ'
9. wdydr ksreoaO ùfuka rEmh
ke;s fõ'
10. rEmh ì£ hk CIKfhys ke;s zCIKZ jYfhka rEmfha ke;s
ùfï ^jh& ,CIKh ±lSu' ùu kqj‚ka ±lSu'
II.) fõokd - WmdÞkialkaOh:

ziuqohZ - we;s ùu'
1. wúoHdj ksid fõokd yg.kS'
fya;=j w;S; fya;=
2. ;Kaydj ksid fõokd yg.kS' zm%;HhZ jYfhka ziuqohZ

3. l¾uh ksid fõokd yg.kS' kqj‚ka ±lSu'
j¾;udk
4. iam¾Yh ksid fõokd yg.kS'

5. fõokd yg.kakd CIKfhys zCIKZ jYfhka ziuqohZ
yg.ekSfï îuqoh& ,CIKh kqj‚ka ±lSu'
±lSu'
zjhZ - ke;s ùu'

6. wúoHdj ksreoaO ùfuka fõokd
ke;s fõ'
7. ;Kaydj ksreoaO ùfuka fõokd zm%;HhZ jYfhka zjhZ kqj‚ka
ke;s fõ' ±lSu'
8. l¾uh ksreoaO ùfuka fõokd
ke;s fõ'
9. iam¾Yh ksreoaO ùfuka fõokd
ke;s fõ'
10. fõokd ì£ hk CIKfhys ke;s zCIKZ jYfhka zjhZ kqj‚ka
ùfï ^jh& ,CIKh ±lSu' ±lSu'
-43-
III.) i[aØ - WmdÞkialkaOh:
ziuqohZ - we;s ùu'
fya;=j w;S; fya;= 1. wúoHdj ksid i[aØ yg.kS'
2. ;Kaydj ksid i[aØ yg.kS' zm%;HhZ jYfhka ziuqohZ
3. l¾uh ksid i[aØ yg.kS' kqj‚ka ±lSu'
j¾;udk
4. iam¾Yh ksid i[aØ yg.kS'
5. i[aØ yg.kakd CIKfhys zCIKZ jYfhka ziuqohZ

±lSu'
zjhZ - ke;s ùu'

6. wúoHdj ksreoaO ùfuka i[aØ
ke;s fõ'
7. ;Kaydj ksreoaO ùfuka i[aØ zm%;HhZ jYfhka zjhZ kqj‚ka
ke;s fõ' ±lSu'
8. l¾uh ksreoaO ùfuka i[aØ
ke;s fõ'
9. iam¾Yh ksreoaO ùfuka i[aØ
ke;s fõ'
10. i[aØ ì£ hk CIKfhys ke;s zCIKZ jYfhka zjhZ kqj‚ka
IV.) iÙLdr - WmdÞkialkaOh:

ziuqohZ - we;s ùu'
1. wúoHdj ksid iÙLdr yg.kS'
fya;=j w;S; fya;=
2. ;Kaydj ksid iÙLdr yg.kS' zm%;HhZ jYfhka ziuqohZ

3. l¾uh ksid iÙLdr yg.kS' kqj‚ka ±lSu'
j¾;udk
4. iam¾Yh ksid iÙLdr yg.kS'
5. iÙLdr yg.kakd CIKfhys zCIKZ jYfhka ziuqohZ

±lSu'
-44-
zjhZ - ke;s ùu'
6. wúoHdj ksreoaO ùfuka iÙLdr
ke;s fõ'
7. ;Kaydj ksreoaO ùfuka iÙLdr zm%;HhZ jYfhka zjhZ kqj‚ka
ke;s fõ' ±lSu'
8. l¾uh ksreoaO ùfuka iÙLdr
ke;s fõ'
9. iam¾Yh ksreoaO ùfuka iÙLdr
ke;s fõ'
10. iÙLdr ì£ hk CIKfhys ke;s zCIKZ jYfhka zjhZ kqj‚ka
V.) ú[aØK - WmdÞkialkaOh:

ziuqohZ - we;s ùu'
1. wúoHdj ksid ú[aØKh
w;S; fya;=
yg.kS'
2. ;Kaydj ksid ú[aØKh zm%;HhZ jYfhka ziuqohZ
yg.kS' kqj‚ka ±lSu'
3. l¾uh ksid ú[aØKh
yg.kS'
j¾;udk
fya;=j
4. kdu-rEm ksid ú[aØKh

yg.kS'
5. ú[aØKh yg.kakd zCIKZ jYfhka ziuqohZ

CIKfhys yg.ekSfï îuqoh& kqj‚ka ±lSu'
,CIKh ±lSu
zjhZ - ke;s ùu'

6. wúoHdj ksreoaO ùfuka
ú[aØKh ke;s fõ'
7. ;Kaydj ksreoaO ùfuka zm%;HhZ jYfhka zjhZ kqj‚ka
ú[aØKh ke;s fõ' ±lSu'
8. l¾uh ksreoaO ùfuka
ú[aØKh ke;s fõ'
9. kdu-rEm ksreoaO ùfuka
ú[aØKh ke;s fõ'
10. ú[aØKh ì£ hk CIKfhys zCIKZ jYfhka zjhZ kqj‚ka
ke;s ùfï ^jh& ,CIKh ±lSu' ±lSu'
-45-
fuu mkia wdldrh wkqj WohínhØKh we;s lr
.kakd fhda.djprhd" m%;Hh jYfhka o" CIK jYfhka o"
ialkaO mfiys we;s ùu yd ke;s ùu meyeÈ,s j ±l .kS'
fuu mkia wdldrfhka ialkaOhkaf.a we;s ùu - ke;s ùu
olsk fhda.djprhd ,nd we;af;a ;reK ^wdrïNl&
úo¾Ykdj hs' fuf,i ^;reK& úo¾Ykdj werUQ
fhda.djprhdg" oYúO úo¾Ykd Wmlaf,aY yg.ekSug bv
;sfí' fuu úo¾Ykd Wmlaf,aY jkdys O¾uh wjfndaO l<
wd¾hY%djlhka jykafiag o Ndjkd m%;smÞj jrojd .;a
;eke;a;dg o lugyk w;ay< l=iS; mqoa.,hdg o we;s
fkd fõ' ksjerÈ f,i úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj jvk" wdrïN l<
ù¾h we;s l=,mq;%hdg u fuu úo¾Ykd Wmlaf,aY we;s
fõ'
úo¾Ykd Wmlaf,aY
1. Ńdi - wdf,dalh ^úo¾Ykdfõ n,fhka m[ap-kSjrK
hgm;a ùu ksid n,j;a wdf,dalhla is;g wruqKq
fõ'&
2. ØK - kqjK îxialdr O¾uhkaf.a h:diajNdjh
jegfykakg mgka .ekSfuka fmr fkd mej;s
n,j;a kqjKla we;s fõ'&
3. mS;s - ksrdñi m%S;sh îxialdr O¾uhkaf.a h:diajNdjh
meyeÈ,s j wruqKq jk úg fmr fkd jQ úrE ksrdñi
m%S;shla we;s fõ'&
4. miaioaê - ikais£u ^úo¾Ykdj fkd lvjd isÿ lrk úg my<
jk n,j;a l=i,a is;a yd fYdaNk ffp;isl ksid
is; yd kdu-lh ikaisf|a' ieye,a¨ fõ'&
5. iqL - iemh ^úo¾Ykdj fkd lvjd jeãu ksid m%S;sh"
ikais£u wruqKq jk úg fmr w;a fkd ÿgq n,j;a
iemhla is;g ±fka'&
6. wêfudlaL - n,j;a Y%oaOdj îxialdr O¾uhkaf.a h:diajNdjh
;udf.a u kqjKg wruqKq jk úg f;rejka
ms<sn| j fmr fkd ;snqKq n,j;a Y%oaOdjla we;s fõ'&
7. m.a.y - ù¾hh îxialdr O¾uhkaf.a h:diajNdjh kqj‚ka
olsk úg iir ÿlska ñfokq ms‚i fkd lvjd
-46-
Ndjkd lr f.k hdug fmr fkd ;snqKq n,j;a
WfoHda.hla fuka u ,sys,a fkd jQ;a ±ä fkd jQ;a
ù¾hhla isf;ys we;s fõ'&
8. WmÜGdk - isysh ^úo¾Ykd iïm%hqla; jQ isysh n,j;a f,i we;s
jk w;r w;S; - wkd.; - j¾;udk hk ld,;%hg
wh;a wjYH iEu wruqKla u úo¾Ykd kqj‚ka
fufkys lsÍug ;rï isysh msßisÿ j" wp, j mj;S'&
9. WfmalaLd - ueoy;a nj [WfmaCIdj] îxialdr O¾uhkaf.a
;s%,laIKh ukd j jegfyk úg tu ixialdr O¾u
ms<sn| j uOHia: ùï jYfhka úo¾Ykd WfmaCIdj
we;s fõ' tfuka u ufkdaoajdrfhys wdj¾ck
WfmaCIdj o n,j;a fõ'&
10. kslka;s - we,au ^fufia wdf,dalh" ×kh" m%S;sh n÷
.=Khkaf.ka hqla; j úo¾Ykdj ÈhqKq jk úg ta
ms<sn| j ishqï jQ we,aula isf;ys we;s fõ'&
zudyg ñka fmr fun÷ wdf,dalhla" ×khla we;s

jQfha ke;' fun÷ m%S;shla - ikais£ula - iqjhla - n,j;a
Y%oaOdjla - ù¾hhla - i;shla - WfmaCIdjla we;s jQfha ke;'
taldka;fhka ud¾.hg m;a ùñ; M,hg m;a ùñZ hkqfjka
fuu úo¾Ykd Wmlaf,aYhkag uq<d jk fhda.djprhd
f,daflda;a;r ud¾.h fkd ,nd u zuu ud¾.h ,enqfjñZhs
lshd o f,daflda;a;r M,h fkd ,nd u zuu M,h
,enqfjñZhs lshd o jrojd .kakg bv ;sfí' fufia
f,daflda;a;r wdhœud¾.h yd M,h fkd ,nd u ud¾.h yd
M,h ,nk ,±Z hs lshd uq<d ùfuka úo¾Ykd ud¾.fhka
neyer ùu isÿ fõ' túg tu fhda.djprhd uQ,l¾uia:dkh
w;ayer tu Wmlaf,aYhka ms<sn| we,Sfuka ^;Kaydfjka&
hq;= j wiqka f.k ys¢kq we;' fuys ,d wdf,dalh wdÈ uq,a
Wmlaf,aY kjh Wmlaf,aY jia;= úkd wl=i, O¾u
fkd fõ' tfy;a úo¾Ykdj flfrys we;s jk we,au fyj;a
zkslka;shZ Wmlaf,aY jia;=jla fuka u Wmlaf,aYhla o fõ'
fuu oYúO Wmlaf,aY ;Kayd - ÈÜÀ - udk hk .%yK
;=fkka .=K ùfuka z.%yKZ jYfhka ;sia-wdldr fõ' oCI
fkd jQ fhda.djprhd fuu wdf,dalh ^Ńdi& wdÈ Wmlaf,aY
-47-
yg.;a l,ays tu wdf,dalh zuu h - udf.a h - udf.a
wd;auh hZ hkqfjka jrojd .ekSfuka ie,Sug
úfCIamNdjhg m;a fõ'
tfy;a kqjKe;s oCI fhda.djprhd wdf,dal wdÈh
we;s jQ l,ays ztu wdf,dalh o wks;H h; fya;= - M,
jYfhka yg.;a O¾u;djla neúka tu wdf,dalh o CIh ù
hkafka h; ke;s ù hkafka h; tys o fkd we,sh hq;=
jkafka h; wd;au jYfhka fkd .; hq;= jkafka h; mej;S
ksreoaO jk neúka tu wdf,dalh wks;H h; yg.ekSï -
ì£ï jYfhka i;aFjhd fm<k neúka ÿlg wh;a h;
tksid u tu wdf,dalh o uu - udf.a - udf.a wd;auh
jYfhka .; hq;a;la fkd jkafka hZ hkqfjka úo¾Ykdjg
kxjd n,hs' tfia u ×k - m%S;s wdÈ fiiq O¾uhka o ud¾.h
f,i jrojd fkd .kS' fufia fuu ;sia wdldr jQ
Wmlaf,aYhka ÿre l< oCI fhda.djprhd wdf,dal wdÈh
úo¾Ykd ud¾.h fkd jk nj jgyd f.k ksjerÈ f,i
úo¾Ykd×k ,efnk ud¾.h úksYaph lr .ekSu
u.a.du.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaêh hs'
u.a.du.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaêh wh;a jkqfha f,!lsl
mß[aØ ;=fkka ;SrKmß[aØjg h' z;SrKmß[aØZ hkq
ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a idudkH ,CIK ^tkï"
wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au ,CIK& ±lSfï kqjK h'
u.a.du.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaêh iïmQ¾K jk úg
iïuikØKh yd WohínhØKh iïmQ¾K fõ' fï jk
úg fhda.djprhd wd¾hi;H ;=kla ms<sn| j f,!lsl
úo¾Ykd kqj‚ka ukd j jgyd f.k isáhs' tkï"
ÈÜÀúiqoaêh iïmQ¾K lr .ekSfuka ÿlaL-i;Hh o
lÙLdú;rKúiqoaêh iïmQ¾K lr .ekSfuka iuqoh-
i;Hh o u.a.du.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaêh iïmQ¾K lr
.ekSfuka ud¾.-i;Hh o ^f,!lsl jYfhka& ukd j
kqj‚ka jgyd .ekSug fuf;la ÿrg tu úiqoaëka iïmQ¾K
lr .;a fhda.djprhd iu;a j isáhs'
-48-
6. mámÞØKoiaikúiqoaê
u.a.du.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaêh iïmQ¾K lr .;a
fhda.djprhd iu:-úmiaikd jeãug we;s jk ndOl
u.yer .ksñka ukd isyskqj‚ka hq;= j Èjd - rd;%S
foflys u úo¾Ykd Ndjkdfjys kshqla; fjñka m[ap-
WmdÞkialkaO ;s%,CIKhg kxjd n,k úg kj
uydúmiaikdØK iïmQ¾K fõ' zmámÞØKoiaikúiqoaêZ
kñka ye¢kafjkafka fuu úo¾Ykd×k kjh we;s lr
.ekSu ms<sn| j hs'
1. WohínhdkqmiaikdØKh
2. NÙ.dkqmiaikdØKh
3. Nh;=mÜGdkØKh
4. wd§kjdkqmiaikdØKh
5. ksíìÞkqmiaikdØKh
6. uq[aÑ;=luH;dØKh
7. máiÙLdkqmiaikdØKh
8. iÙLdrefmalaLdØKh
9. iÉpdkqf,dañlØKh
fida;dmkak ud¾. is; iy M, is; ,efnkafka fuu
úo¾Ykd×k n,j;a f,i wkqms<sfj,ska my< ùfuks'
tksid p;=rd¾hi;Hh wjfndaO lr .ekSug W;aidyj;a jk
fhda.djprfhda fuu úo¾Ykd×k ms<sn| j O¾uh ;=<ska
yÞrd ±kf.k tu ×k ,efnk ms<sfj<g u úo¾Ykd
Ndjkdj m%.=K lsÍug jEhï lr;ajd!
[6:1] WohínhdkqmiaikdØKh
mámÞØKoiaikúiqoaêhg wh;a jk úo¾Ykd×k
we;s lr .ekSug W;aidyj;a jk fhda.djprhd ta i|yd
kej;;a WohínhØKh ÈhqKq lr .ekSu ms‚i jEhï l<
hq;= h' m<uq j we;s lr .;a WohínhØKh kej; ÈhqKq
lr .ekSu ms‚i jEhï l< hq;af;a wehs@ by; lS úo¾Ykd
- Wmlaf,aY we;s ùfuka WohínhØKh ÿ¾j, j .sh
-49-
ksid h' ÿ¾j, j .sh WohínhØKfhka ixialdr
O¾uhkaf.a ;s%,laIKh uekúka i,ld .ekSug kqmq¿jk'
tksid fhda.djprhd by; u.a.du.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaêh
hgf;a úia;r flreKq wdldrhg rEm - fõokd - i[aØ -
iÙLdr - ú[aØK hk m[ap-WmdÞkialkaOhkaf.a iuqoh
^we;s ùu&" jh ^ke;s ùu& olsñka WohínhØKh kej;;a
n,j;a lr .; hq;= h'
ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a Woh ^we;s ùu&" jh ^ke;s ùu&
meyeÈ,s j fufkys fkd lrk l,ays o ika;;sfhka jeiS
hdu ^kdu-rEm O¾u wLKav j mj;sk tl u m%jdyhla fia
fmkSu& ksid o wks;H ,laIKh wjfndaO fkd fõ'
ixialdr O¾u ksid ksr;=re j u mj;sk mSvdj fufkys
fkd lrk l,ays o ks;r i;r bßhjq fjkia lsÍu ksid o
ÿlaL ,laIKh m%lg fkd fõ' plaLqOd;= wdÈ fkdfhla
Od;+ka fjka fldg fufkys fkd lrk l,ays o
>kix×fjka îka;;s" iuQy" wdrïuK" lsÉp hk >k
i;r& jeiS hdu ksid o wkd;au ,laIKh wjfndaO
fkd fõ'
ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a Woh ^we;s ùu&" jh ^ke;s ùu&
kqj‚ka iïu¾Ykh lrk úg wks;H ,laIKh jid f.k
mej;s ika;;s >kh ^tkï" kdu-rEm O¾u wLKav j
mj;sk tlu m%jdyhla fia fmfkk mrïmrd iïnkaOh&
is;ska ÿre ù hhs' túg wks;H ,laIKh we;s ieáfhka u
m%lg j jegfya'
tla bßhjqjl isák úg kdu-rEm O¾u ksid we;s
jk mSvdj bßhjqj fjkia l< l,ays ke;s ù hhs' tneúka
bßhdm: fyj;a bßhjqj, meje;au ÿlaL ,laIKh
wdjrKh lrkakls' tfy;a Woh-jh jYfhka ixialdr
O¾uhkaf.a we;s ùï - ke;s ùï olsk fhda.djprhdg
bßhjq fjkia ùï iÙLHd; bßhdm:fhka ÿlaL ,laIKh
wdjrKh fkd fõ' ixialdr ^kdu-rEm& O¾uhkaf.a bm§ï-
ì£ï fol uekeúka olsk fhda.djprhdg ksr;=re j we;s
jk ixialdrhkaf.a mSvdj myiqfjka ukisldr l< yels
-50-
fõ' túg ÿlaL ,laIKh we;s ieáfhka u m%lg fõ'
ialkaOhkaf.a meje;au ieliS ;sfnkafka mGùOd;=
wdÈ fkdfhla Od;+kaf.a iujdfhks' tu Od;+ka fjka fjka
jYfhka fkd olsk ;eke;a;d ta ish,a, >kix×fjka
jrojd f.k ialkaOhka jkdys i;aFjfhl" mqoa.,fhl"
wd;auhleZhs jrojd .kS' tfy;a Woh-jh ms<sn| ×kh we;s
lr .;a fhda.djprhdf.a tu ×kh fhduq ù mj;skafka
fkdfhla Od;+ka úIfhys h' ta wkqj ialkaOhka iE§
;sfnk mGùOd;= wdÈ fkdfhla Od;+kaf.a Woh-jh olsk
fhda.djprhdg >kix×j ÿre ù f.dia wkd;au ,CIKh
we;s ieáfhka u m%lg fõ'
[6:2] NÙ.dkqmiaikdØKh
fuf,i m[ap-WmdÞkialkaOhkag wh;a kdu-rEm
O¾u wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au jYfhka úo¾Ykdjg kxjd
n,k fhda.djprhdg úo¾Ykd kqjK ;shqKq ù f.dia
ixialdr O¾u jyd ygf.k ì£ hk whqre fmfka'
ixialdrhkaf.a Woh-jh yd ;s%,CIKh b;d u m%lg j
jegfykakg jQ l,ays ixialdrhkaf.a yg.ekSu - iaÓ;sh -
meje;au - ksñ;a; hk wdldr wruqKq fkd ù
ixialdrhkaf.a ì£u" CIh ùu" ksreoaO ùu u
fhda.djprhdf.a is;g wruqKq ùug mgka .kS' fuf,i
fya;=-m%;Hhhkaf.ka yg.kakd ixialdr jyd ksreoaO ù"
ì£ CIh ù hk wdldrh olsk fhda.djprhdg tu
wjfndaOh ;shqKq jQ wjia:dfõ § NÙ.dkqmiaikd kï
úo¾Ykd×kh we;s fõ'
tu NÙ.dkqmiaikdØKh ;j ÿrg;a n,j;a ùu
i|yd fhda.djprhd j¾;udkhg wh;a rEm - fõokd -
i[aØ - iÙLdr - ú[aØK hk ixialdrhkaf.a ì£ hdu
úoiqka kqj‚ka ne,sh hq;= h' tu ialkaOhkaf.a ì£u
olskakd jQ úoiqka is; o ì£ hk whqre ;j;a is;lska
úo¾Ykd l< hq;= h' wk;=re j ;udg m%;HCI jQ j¾;udk
ialkaOhkaf.a ksfrdaOh ^NÙ.h& idCIH fldg .ksñka
w;S;fha mej;S ì£ .shd jQ o wkd.;fhys yg.kakd jQ o
-51-
ish¨ ixialdrhkaf.a ksfrdaOh úo¾Ykd kqj‚ka ±l .;
hq;= h'
fuf,i NÙ.dkqmiaikdØKh we;s lr .ekSfuka
ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au hk
;s%,CIKh wjfndaO jk úg fhda.djprhd ixialdr O¾u
ms<sn| j n,j;a f,i l,lsf¾' tu fhda.djprhdg
ixialdr ms<sn| j zkkaÈZ fyj;a imS%;sl ;DIaKdj we;s
fkd fõ' ixialdr ms<sn| rd.h ÿre fjñka isf;ys úrd.h
we;s fõ' fuf,i NÙ.dkqmiaikd úo¾Ykd×kh we;s lr
.;a fhda.djprhd tu f,!lsl úo¾Ykd×kfhka rd.h
^;oÙ. jYfhka& ÿre lrhs' ;DIaKdj jefvkakg bv fkd
fohs' ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a ì£u u olsk fhda.djprhdg
yqfola ixialdr O¾uhka u ygf.k ì£ hk nj;a fuu
m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO ;=< i;aFj - mqoa., - wd;au jYfhka
.; hq;= lsisjla u ke;s nj;a jvd;a m%lg j wjfndaO fõ'
tu wjfndaOh ;=<ska fhda.djprhdf.a is; ksjkg keUqre
fõ'
NÙ.dkqmiaikdj ÈhqKq jQ fhda.djprhdg ixialdr
ì£ hkq fmfkkafka ÿn, ueá n÷kla ì£ hk mßoafoks'
tfuka u ishqï ¥ú,s /ila úisÍ hk mßoafoks' j¾Idj
mj;sk wjia:djl .x bjqrl isák ukqIHfhl=g jeis ì÷
m;s; ùfuka .`. Èh u;=msg yg.kakd Èhnqnq¿ jyd ì£
hkq fmfkkafka hï fia o NÙ.dkqmiaikdj ÈhqKq jQ
fhda.djprhdg ixialdr O¾u ì£ hkq fmfkkafka o
tmßoafoks'
fuu ;;aFjhg NÙ.dkqmiaikdØKh ÈhqKq jQ l,ays
tu fhda.djprhdg wdksixi O¾u wgla ,efí'
1. ziÞ;ksl meje;aula we;eZhs hkqfjka jrojd .kakd
Nj ^YdYaj;& oDIaáh ÿre fõ'
2. Ôú;hg ;sfnk we,au ^Ôú;dYdj& ÿre fõ'
3. iir ÿlska ñfokq ms‚i ksr;=re j Ndjkd lsÍfuys
fh§ isáhs'
4. msßisÿ Èúmeje;afuka ^wdÔjfhka& hqla; fjhs'
-52-
5. ndysr lghq;= ms<sn| W;aidyh ÿre ù hhs'
6. ìh ÿre ù hhs'
7. bjiSu yd hgy;a - iqjp nj we;s fõ'
8. wr;s - r;s uev,Sfï yelshdj we;s fõ'
[6:3] Nh;=mÜGdkØKh
ish¨ ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a CIh ùu - úkdY ùu -
ì£u - ksreoaO ùu úo¾Ykd kqj‚ka wruqKq lrñka
NÙ.dkqmiaikdØKh we;s lr .;a fhda.djprhdg tu
NÙ.dkqmiaikdØKh ;j ÿrg;a jvk úg ish¨ Nj - .;s
- À;s - i;a;djdi hkdÈ jYfhka m%fNao jQ ixialdr O¾u
ms<sn| j uy;a jQ ìhla we;s fõ' iqj fia Ôj;a ùug leu;s
ìhckl ukqIHfhl=g isxy - jHd>% - Èú - j,ia - hCI -
rdCI - kmqre n¨ - f.dka - w,s - we;=ka - úIf>dar
i¾mhka wdÈ i;aFjhka yd fyK msmsÍï - fidfydka -
hqoìï - .sks w`.=re j<j,a wdÈh ÿgq úg ìhla we;s jkafka
hï fia o tf,i u ixialdrhkaf.a wd§kj olsk
fhda.djprhd ixialdr ms<sn| j uy;a fia ìh fjhs'
zw;S;fhys mej;s ixialdr o ksreoaO j .sfha h'
j¾;udkfhys ±ka mj;sk ixialdr o CIKhlska ksreoaO
fjhs' wkd.;fhys yg.kakd jQ ixialdr o tfia u
ksreoaO ù hkafka hZ hkqfjka úo¾Ykd kqj‚ka olsk
fhda.djprhdg tu wjia:dfjys § we;s jk úo¾Ykd×kh
Nh;=mÜGdkØKh hs' fï ms<sn| j ±lafjk Wmudjla
fufia hs' tla ia;s%hlf.a mq;=ka ;sfofkl= jerÈ lrk ,ÿ j
rcq úiska Tjqkaf.a ysia is| ±óug ksfhda. lrk ,§' mq;=ka
iu.ska jOlia:dkhg .shd jQ tu ia;%sh" rdcmqreIhka úiska
;u jeäuy¨ mq;=f.a ysi is| fojeks mq;=f.a o ysi is£ug
wdrïN l< l,ays ;u lksgq mq;= ms<sn| we,au w;ayer
±ïud h' ^lksgq mq;= o wk;=re fudfydf;ys ñh hk
neúks'& tmßoafoka u fhda.djprhd úiska w;S; ixialdr ì£
.sh whqre kqj‚ka ±lSu" tu ia;s%h úiska ;u jeäuy¨
mq;=f.a is¢k ,o ysi ±lSu n÷ h' fojeks mq;=f.a ysi is¢kq
,nk whqre tu ia;%sh úiska ±l .kq ,nkafka hï fia o
-53-
tf,iska fhda.djprhd úiska j¾;udk ixialdr ì£ hk
whqre úoiqka kqj‚ka ±l .kq ,efí' tu ia;s%h" wk;=re j
jOhg lem jk ;u lksgq mq;= ms<sn| we,au w;ayer
oukafka hï fia o tf,iska fhda.djprhd úiska wkd.;fha
yg.kakd jQ ixialdr o ì£ hk whqre úo¾Ykd kqj‚ka
±l wkd.;h ms<sn| we,au w;ayßkq ,efí' fuu wjfndaOh
imsfrk wjia:dj Nh;=mÜGdkØKh hs'
Nh;=mÜGdkØKh we;s lr .;a fhda.djprhd
ixialdrhkag ìh jkafka kmqre if;l=" hCIfhl= ÿgq l,
;e;s .kakd NSrel mqoa.,fhl= fuka fkdj yqfola wd§kj
kqj‚ka ±lSï jYfhka mu‚' tkï" zw;S; ixialdr ish,a,
ksreoaO úh' j¾;udk ixialdr o ke;s j hhs' wkd.;
ixialdr o tf,i u ke;s j hkafka hZ hkqfjka
ixialdrhkaf.a h:diajNdjh ;SrKh lr .ekSu u fuys ,d
ixialdrhkag ìh ùu hkqfjka woyia flf¾' kqjr fÞrgqj
iómfhys ;sfnk .sksw`.=re j<j,a ;=kla olsk ñksfila"
zfïjdg jefgk hfula fõ o Tyq úkdYhg m;a jkafka hZ
hkqfjka ;SrKh lrhs' tmßoafoka u ixialdrhkaf.a ì£u
olsk fhda.djprhd Nj;%hg wh;a w;S; - j¾;udk -
wkd.; hk ld,;%hg iÙ.%y jk ish¨ ixialdr ì£ hk
whqre kqj‚ka olshs' tksid fyf;u ;j ÿrg;a ixialdr
ms%h fkd lrhs' ixialdr kej; kej;;a yg.ekSu ms<sn| j
ìh fjhs' th Nh;=mÜGdkØKh hs'
[6:4] wd§kjdkqmiaikdØKh
úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj uekúka m%.=K lrñka by;
i|yka Nh;=mÜGdkØKh we;s lr .;a fhda.djprhdg
ish¨ Njhkays msysgla /ljrKhla ke;s nj m%;HCI fõ'
ish¨ Njhkag wh;a lsisÿ ixialdrhla fkd m;k tu
fhda.djprhdg Nj;%h ms<sn| j jegfykafka .sks±,a ksjqKq
.sksw`.=re j<la mßoafoks' ;j o tu fhda.djprhdg i;r
uydN+;hka W.% úIf>dar i¾mhka isjqfofkl= f,i;a
m[apialkaO jkdys Tijd .;a lvq we;s j ÿqne| tk
jOlhka miafofkl= f,i;a wdOHd;añl wdh;k yh
-54-
md¿-.ula f,i;a ndysr wdh;k yh .ï myrk fidreka
f,i;a ima;-ú[aØKÜÀ;s" kj-i;a;djdi wdÈh
tfldf<dia .skafkka weú<S we;s f,i;a jegfya' ish¨
ixialdr .`vqjla ^ms<sldjla&" frda.hla" W,la" mSvdjla
^úm;la&" wdndOhla wdÈ jYfhka wdiajdo rys; jQ uy;a
wd§kj /ila f,i jegfya' th iqj fia Ôj;a jkq leu;s
NSrel^ìhiq¨& ñksfil= pKav jk i;=ka iys; ruŒh
jkhlg meñŒu fuks' pKav jk i;=ka iys; ruŒh
jkhlg meñ‚ NSrel^ìhiq¨& ñksid ìfhka ;e;s f.k
yd;ami n,kqfha jkfha wd§kj u olshs' tf,i u
úo¾Ykd jvk fhda.djprhd o NÙ.dkqmiaikdØKh we;s
lr f.k ixialdrhkaf.a ì£ hdu kqj‚ka olsñka ish¨
ixialdrhka ms<sn| j ìh jk l,ays tu ixialdr ms<sn| j
kSridldrfhka ^wdiajdo rys; f,iska& úo¾Ykd kqj‚ka
±lSu" wd§kjØKh hs' th fufia úia;r jYfhka ±lafjhs'
“ixialdrhkaf.a yg.ekSu ìhla f,i ±lSu
Nh;=mÜGdkØKh hs' tu ìhg msysg jk lsisjla ixialdr
;=< ke;s nj jegySu wd§kjØKh hs' tksid ixialdrhka
yg fkd .ekSu fyj;a kQm§u fCIauhleZhs
^ks¾NhNdjhleZhs& ±lSu Ydka; moh jQ ksjk ms<sn|
×kh hs'” fuf,i"
1. Wmamdo ^yg.ekSu&
2. mj;a;s ^flf,iqkaf.a yd ixialdrhkaf.a meje;au&
3. ksñ;a; ^wdldrh&
4. wdhQyk ^l¾u /iaùu&
5. máikaê ^kej; Njfhys m%;sikaêh ,eîu&
hk ixialdrhka ms<sn| jQ fuu lreKq ìhla
jYfhka o ta ish,a, ke;s ùu" wNdjhg-ksfrdaOhg hdu
iemla jYfhka o wjfndaO lr .;a fhda.djprhd úiska
wd§kjØKh ms<sn| j yd ika;smoØKh ^tkï Ydka;
moh jQ ksjk ms<sn| kqjK& ms<sn| j oi wdldrhlska
l=i,;dj we;s lr .ekSfuka wd§kjØKh ,nk ,oafoa
-55-
fjhs'
fuf,i wd§kjØKh we;s lr .;a fhda.djprhd
fkdfhla oDIaàka ksid ief,kafka ke;' ;j o tu
fhda.djprhd úiska ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a yg.ekSu"
meje;au" ksñ;a;" l¾u /iaùu yd kej; m%;sikaêh
olskafka fuf,i h' tkï" iqj fia Ôj;a jkq leu;s
NSrel^ìhiq¨& ukqIHfhl= kmqre i;=ka iys; jkhlg
meñ‚ lf,l fuka o Èúhka iys; .=ydjlg meñ‚
lf,l fuka o lsUq,ka-rl=ika wrla.;a kÈhlg meñ‚
lf,l fuka o lvq .;a i;=rka msßilg ueÈ jQ lf,l
fuka o úI iys; fndcqkla ,enqKq lf,l fuka o
fidreka /l isák ud¾.hla fuka o ±,afjk .sksw`.=re
j<la fuka o igfkys fhÿKq fin¿ka iys; hqoìula
fuka o jYfhks' fufia úo¾Ykd jvk kqjKe;s
fhda.djprhd Nj;%fhys fCIau N+ñhla fkd olsñka ish¨
ixialdr wd§kj /ila f,i wjfndaO lr .kS' ixialdr
ksfrdaOh fyj;a ksjk u mru iemhla f,i olshs'
[6:5] ksíìÞkqmiaikdØKh ^l,lsÍfï kqjK&
úo¾Ykd kqjK uqyql=rjd .ekSfuka
wd§kjdkqmiaikdØKh we;s lr .;a fhda.djprhd ish¨
ixialdrhkaf.a wd§kj wjfndaO lr .ekSu ksid
Nj;%fhys u l,lsfrhs' Nj;%h ms<sn| j i;=gq fkd fjhs'
th ksíìÞkqmiaikdØKh hs' rkska l< l+vqjl isr fldg
isák isxyhd tys úiSug i;=gq fkd fjhs' isxyhd leu;s
jkafka jkfhys ksoyfia isàug hs' tf,i u
ixialdrhkaf.a wd§kj wjfndaO lr .;a fhda.djprhd
Nj;%fhys isr ù isàug leu;s fkd fjhs' tu fhda.djprhd
i;=gq jkafka ish¨ ixialdrhkaf.ka jyd ñ§ ks¾jdK
wNh mqrhg" fCIau N+ñhg m;a ùug hs' tksid fuf,i
ksíìÞkqmiaikdØKh we;s lr .;a fhda.djprhd ixialdr
ksfrdaOfhys fyj;a ksjfkys we;s iekis,a, olsñka
ksrka;rfhka iu: - úo¾Ykd Ndjkdfjys u is;a w,jd
jdih lrhs'
-56-
[6:6] uq[aÑ;=luH;dØKh îxialdrhkaf.ka ñfokq leu;s
kqjK&
by; i|yka Nh;=mÜGdkØKh"
wd§kjdkqmiaikdØKh" ksíìÞkqmiaikdØKh hk ×k
;=k u w¾: jYfhka tlla u h' ish¨ ixialdr uy;a jQ
Nhla f,i ±lSu Nh;=mÜGdkØKh hs' ixialdrhkaf.a
uy;a jQ wd§kj jegySu wd§kjdkqmiaikdØKh hs'
ixialdr ms<sn| j l,lsÍu ksíìÞkqmiaikdØKh hs'
ixialdrhka ms<sn| tu ksíìÞkqmiaikdØKh fyj;a
l,lsÍfï kqjK we;s lr .;a fhda.djprhd Nj;%hg wh;a
ish¨ ixialdrhkaf.ka ñfokakg ksoyia jkakg
taldka;fhka u leu;s fjhs' ta ms<sn| j Wmudjlska
olajkafka kï" ta fufia hs' tkï" ±,g fldgq jQ
u;aiHfhl=" i¾mfhl=f.a uqjg yiq jQ ueäfhl=" l+vqjl
ouk ,o j,sl=l=f<l=" W.=,lg yiq jQ uqfjl="
wysl=KaÀlfhl=g yiq jQ i¾mfhl=" ufvys treKq wef;l="
.=ref<l=g yiq jQ kd. rdcfhl=" i;=rkag ueÈ jQ
ukqIHfhl= tu Wjÿfrka ñfokakg leu;s jkafka hï
fia o tmßoafoks' fufia úo¾Ykd jvk fhda.djprhd
ixialdrhkaf.a wd§kj wjfndaO lr f.k l,lsÍu ksid
ish¨ ixialdrj,ska ksoyia ùug n,j;a fia leu;s fjhs'
ixialdrj,ska ñ§ ixialdr ksfrdaOh fyj;a ksjkg m;a
jkq leu;s fjhs' fuh uq[aÑ;=luH;dØKh hs'
[6:7] máiÙLdkqmiaikdØKh
ish¨ ixialdrhkaf.a wd§kj ±l ish¨ ixialdrhka
flfrka ñfokq leu;s fhda.djprhd ixialdrhka fj;ska
ñ§u i|yd tu ixialdr kej; ;%s,CIKhg kxjd ne,sh
hq;= h' ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a ksrka;r we;s ùu - ke;s ùu
fyj;a wks;Hh ±lSfuka ks;Hix×fjka is; ñfohs'
ixialdrhka ksid ksrka;rfhka mj;sk mSvdj fyj;a ÿlaL
,CIKh ±lSfuka iqLix×fjka is; ñfohs' ixialdrhkaf.a
ms<sl=,a nj fyj;a wiqN ,CIKh ±lSfuka iqNix×fjka
is; ñfohs' ixialdrhka ;=< uu;ajfhka .; hq;= lsisjla
-57-
ke;s nj fyj;a wkd;au ,CIKh ±lSfuka wd;auix×fjka
is; ñfohs' fuf,i ks;H - iqL - iqN - wd;au hk úmÍ;
ix×j,ska is; uqojd f.k meyeÈ,s f,i u ixialdr
O¾uhkaf.a wks;H - ÿlaL - wiqN - wkd;au ,CIK úia;r
jYfhka n,j;a úo¾Ykd kqj‚ka wjfndaO lr .ekSu
máiÙLdkqmiaikdØKh hs'
[6:8] iÙLdrefmalaLdØKh
máiÙLdkqmiaikdØKfhka ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a
wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au - wiqN ,CIK meyeÈ,s j wjfndaO
lr .;a fhda.djprhd ta w;ßka wjfndaO lr .ekSug
ÿIalr jQ o iQCIau jQ o wkd;au ,CIKh fj; úfYaI
wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= h' iÙLdrefmalaLdØKh we;s lr
.ekSu i|yd fhda.djprhd ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a Y+kH;dj
fyj;a wkd;au ,CIKh meyeÈ,s f,i u wjfndaO lr .;
hq;= h' ta i|yd WmldÍ jk l%u rdYshla úiqoaêu.a.fhys
i|yka fõ' ta iEu l%uhlska u wjfndaO lr .; hq;=
jkafka rEm - fõokd - i[aØ - iÙLdr - ú[aØK hk
ialkaO mi ;=< ks;H - iqL - iqN - wd;au-idr jQ lsisjla
ke; h" hkqfjks' fhda.djprhd úiska úfYaIfhka u
ialkaO mi ;=< uu;ajfhka" wd;auix×fjka .; hq;=
lsisjla ke;s nj úo¾Ykd kqj‚ka wjfndaO lr .; hq;= h'
fuf,i ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a h:diajNdjh l%ufhka
wjfndaO fj;a u ixialdr ms<sn| ìh yd we,au ÿre ù f.dia
ixialdr ms<sn| uOHia:Ndjhla isf;ys we;s fõ' ta
ms<sn| j úiqoaêu.a.fhys ±lafjk Wmudj fufia hs' tla
mqreIfhl=g b;d m%sh-ukdm ìß|la jQ w;r Tyq tu
ìß|f.ka fjka j fudfyd;la fyda .; lsÍug fkd leu;s
fjhs' ta ;rug u Nd¾hdj Tyqg ms%h neúks' tfy;a Tyqf.a
ìß| miq lf,l fjk;a mqreIfhl= iu.ska in|;d
mj;ajkq ±l tu mqreIhd n,j;a fÞïkig m;a fjhs' ;u
ìß| .ek l,lsreKq tu mqreIhd wehj w;ayer oud
wehf.ka ksoyia úh' ìß|f.ka ksoyia jQ tu mqreIhd fmr
-58-
;u ìß| j isá ia;s%h ±ka wkH mqreIfhl= iu. isákq
±lSfuka ÿlg fÞïkig m;a fkd fjhs' thg fya;=j tu
ia;s%h ms<sn| uu;ajhla ±ka Tyqg ke;s neúks' tf,i u
ish¨ ixialdrhka flfrka ñfokq leu;s fhda.djprhd
máiÙLdkqmiaikdØKfhka ixialdrhkaf.a ;s%,CIKh
úo¾Ykd kqj‚ka úuikqfha zuu h" udf.a hZ hkqfjka .;
hq;= lsisjla fkd ±l ìh yd we,au ÿre fldg ish¨
ixialdrhka ms<sn| j WÞiSk fjhs' uOHia: fjhs'
máiÙLdkqmiaikdØKfhka ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a
wd§kj meyeÈ,s j ±l .;a fhda.djprhd ixialdr ksfrdaOh
^ksjk& Ydka;smoh fia olshs' wk;=re j
iÙLdrefmalaLdØKh ,en ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a meje;au
ms<sn| ìh yd we,au ÿre fldg ixialdr ms<sn| j
WfmaCIdjg m;a fhda.djprhdf.a is; Ydka;smoh jk
ixialdr ksfrdaOh foig fhduq fjhs' fuys § we,Sï - .eàï
jYfhka ixialdr WmdÞkh lr .ekSu ms<sn| j WfmaCIdjg
m;a fhda.djprhdf.a is; wksÉpdkqmiaikd -
ÿlaLdkqmiaikd - wk;a;dkqmiaikd hk ;%súOdkqmiaikdjka
uq,a lr f.k ;s%úO úfudaCIuqLhkag fhduq fõ' fuf,i
iÙLdrefmalaLdØKh we;s lr .ekSfuka úo¾Ykd Ndjkd
m%;smÞj f,!lsl jYfhka uqÿka m;a ùu
zisLdm;a;úmiaikdZ ^úo¾Ykdfõ uqÿka meñŒu&" kñka o
zjqÜGdk.dñkSúmiaikdZ ^f,daflda;a;r ud¾.hg fhduq
lrjk úo¾Ykdj& kñka o ye¢ka fõ'
f,daflda;a;r ud¾.h zúfudaCIZ kñka ye¢kafjkafka
flf,iqkaf.ka yd f,dalfhka kslaóu hk w¾:fhks' th
zwksñ;a;-úfudaCIZ" zwmam‚ys;-úfudaCIZ" ziq[a[;-
úfudaCIZ jYfhka f;jeoEreï jk w;r tfia kï
,nkafka tu úfudaCIhkag uq,a jk ;s%úO wkqmiaikdjka
ksid h' tkï" wksÉpdkqmiaikd úo¾Ykdfjka ^wks;H
jYfhka ±lSfuka& ixialdrhkaf.a wks;H ,CIKh m%lg
jk l,ays ks;Hix×" ks;H ksñ;s ÿre ù hhs' tksid
wksÉpdkqmiaikdj ;=<ska ks;H ksñ;s ÿre flfrñka ,nk
-59-
f,daflda;a;r ud¾.h zwksñ;a;úfudaCIZ kï fõ'
ÿlaLdkqmiaikd úo¾Ykdfjka ^ÿla jYfhka ±lSfuka&
ixialdrhkaf.a ÿlaL ,CIKh m%lg jk l,ays ixialdr
ms<sn| m%d¾:kd ÿre ù hhs' tfia ÿlaLdkqmiaikdj ;=<ska
ixialdr ms<sn| m%d¾:kd ^m%Œê&" ÿre flfrñka ,nk
f,daflda;a;r ud¾.h zwmam‚ys;úfudaCIZ kï fõ'
wk;a;dkqmiaikd úo¾Ykdfjka ^wkd;au jYfhka
±lSfuka& ixialdrhka i;aFj - mqoa., - wd;auNdjhkaf.ka
Y+kH nj olshs' tfia wk;a;dkqmiaikdj ;=<ska ixialdr
O¾u i;aFj - mqoa., - wd;auNdjhkaf.ka Y+kH hZhs olsñka
,nk f,daflda;a;r ud¾.h ziq[a[;úfudaCIZ kï fõ'
fuf,i ta ta fhda.djprhdg f,daflda;a;r ud¾.h
,eîfï § wksÉpdkqmiaikdj fyda ÿlaLdkqmiaikdj fyda
wk;a;dkqmiaikdj uq,a jk w;r tfia uq,a jk
wkqmiaikdj wkqj f,daflda;a;r ud¾.h wksñ;a;úfudaCI -
wmam‚ys;úfudaCI - iq[a[;úfudaCI hk kï ,nhs'
úfudaCIhg ^f,daflda;a;r ud¾.hg& m;a ùu i|yd uq,a
jkafka wksÉpdkqmiaikd-ÿlaLdkqmiaikd-wk;a;dkqmiaikd
hk ;%súOdkqmiaikd neúka tu ;%súOdkqmiaikd
zúfudaCI-uqLZ hk kñka ye¢kafõ'
fuf,i iÙLdrefmalaLdØKh ,nd .kakd
fhda.djprhd fida;dm;a;s ud¾.fha fÞrgqj wìhig meñK
isákafkls'
[6:9] wkqf,dauØKh
fida;dmkak ùug b;d wdikak jQ fhda.djprhd
iÙLdrefmalaLdØKh jvd;a fyd¢ka nyq, lrk úg Y%oaOd
- úßh - i;s - iudê wdÈ O¾u b;d n,j;a j we;s fõ'
thska iÙLdrefmalaLdØKh jvd;a ;shqKq fõ' fida;dm;a;s
ud¾.hg m;a ùug b;d ióm wjia:dfjys § tf,i ÈhqKq jQ
iÙLdrefmalaLdØKfhka ixialdr O¾u wks;H jYfhka
fyda ÿla jYfhka fyda wkd;au jYfhka fyda wruqKq
flfrñka is; NjdÙ.hg nei .kshs' wk;=re j tu
iÙLdrefmalaLdØKfhka wruqKq l< mßoafoka u ixialdr
-60-
wks;H fyda ÿlaL fyda wkd;au jYfhka wruqKq flfrñka
ufkdaoajdrdjÊck Ñ;a;h we;s fõ' bka wk;=re j
ufkdaoajdrdjÊck Ñ;a;fhka ixialdr wruqKq l<
mßoafoka u ixialdr wruqKq lrñka cjk Ñ;a;hla
we;s fõ' th zmßl¾uZ cjkh kñka ye¢kafõ' wk;=re j
tf,i u ixialdr wruqKq flfrñka ;j;a cjk Ñ;a;hla
we;s fõ' th zWmpdrZ cjkh kñka ye¢kafõ' wk;=re j
mQ¾j cjkj,ska ixialdr wruqKq l< mßoafoka u ixialdr
wruqKq flfrñka ;j;a cjk Ñ;a;hla we;s jk w;r tu
cjk Ñ;a;h zwkqf,dauZ kñka ye¢kafõ' fuu f;jk
cjka is; iu.ska we;s jk úo¾Ykd kqjK
zwkqf,dauØKhZ hs' tu úo¾Ykd×kh Bg mQ¾jfhka we;s
jQ Wohính wdÈ ×k wgg wkqf,dau j - wkql+, j my<
jk neúka o u;= iïmQ¾K jk i;a;sia fndaêmdCIsl O¾u
iu.ska wkqf,dau jk neúka o zwkqf,dauØKZ kï fõ' ta
ms<sn| Wmudjla fufia hs' ±yeñ rc flfkla" úksYaphldr
wud;Hhka úiska fm!rd‚l rdcO¾uhg wkqj ±yeñka
fok ,o úksYaphla wid w.;s.dó fkd ù thska i;=gq fjhs'
wkqf,dauØKh o tu rcq n÷ h' mQ¾j úo¾Ykd×k wg
úksYaphldr weu;shka n÷ h' fndaêmdCIsl O¾u jkdys
fm!rd‚l rdcO¾uh n÷ h' tu úksYaphldr weu;sjreka
fm!rd‚l rdcO¾uhkag wkqj ÿka úksYaph rcq úiska
ms<s.kq ,eîu fuka fmr úo¾Ykd×khkag o fndaêmdCIsl
O¾uhkag o wkqf,dau fjñka zwkqf,dauØKhZ my< fõ'
fuu wkqf,dauØKh jkdys ixialdr wruqKq
flfrñka my< jk zjqÜGdk.dñkSZ ^f,daflda;a;r ud¾.hg
fhduq flfrk& úo¾Ykd×k fmf<ys wjika ×kh hs'
jqÜGdk.dñkS úmiaikdj ish¨ wdldrfhka u wjika
jkafka bka wk;=re j my< jk f.da;%N+ØKfhks'
fuu wkqf,dauØKh my< jQ l,ays tu
fhda.djprhd ihjeks úY=oaêh jQ mámÞØKoiaikúiqoaêh
o iïmQ¾K flfrñka f,daflda;a;r N+ñfhys fÞrgqj
wNshig u meñK isáhs'
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7. ØKoiaikúiqoaê
[1] m%:u ^fida;dm;a;s& - ud¾.×kh
wkqf,dauØKhg wk;=re j my< jkafka
f.da;%N+ØKh hs' th ixialdr O¾u wruqKq lrk ×khla
fkdj f,daflda;a;r ud¾. is; my< ùug WmldÍ fjñka"
ksjk wruqKq flfrñka my< jk ×khls' tneúka
f.da;%N+ØKh" mámÞØKoiaikúiqoaêhg wh;a fkd fõ'
tfy;a f.da;%N+ØKfhka flf,ia m%ydKh ùula isÿ fkd
jk ksid th ØKoiaikúiqoaêhg o wh;a fkd fõ' tksid
f.da;%N+ØKh jkdys" mámÞØKoiaikúiqoaêhg;a
ØKoiaikúiqoaêhg;a w;r my< jk úo¾Ykd×k
mrïmrdjg u wh;a úfYaI ×khla f,i ie,fla' mD:.ack
f.da;%h blaujd hñka fhda.djprhdj wd¾h-N+ñhg fhduq
lrjñka fuu ×kh my< jk neúka" fuh zf.da;%N+ØKhZ
kñka ye¢kafõ' f.da;%N+ØKh we;s jQ miq kej; mD:.ack
njg m;a ùula ke;s w;r taldka; jYfhka u wk;=re
CIKfhys fida;dm;a;s ud¾. Ñ;a;h my< fjñka wd¾h-
N+ñhg m;a ùu ksh; jYfhka isÿ fõ'
wk;=re j mQ¾j úo¾Ykd×khkaf.ka ixialdr
O¾uhkaf.a h:diajNdjh wjfndaO lr .;a fhda.djprhka
jykafia úiska wkqf,dauØKfhka úo¾Ykd×k fm< uqÿka
muqKqjd f.k ;j ÿrg;a ixialdr wruqKq fkd flfrñka
f.da;%N+ØKfhka wruqKq jQ ixialdr ksfrdaOh fyj;a
ksjk wruqKq flfrñka oyila khska m%;suKaä;
fida;dm;a;s ud¾. Ñ;a;h m%;sfõO lrkq ,efí'
fuf,i fida;dm;a;s ud¾.×kh m%;sfõO lsÍu
ØKoiaikúiqoaêh hs' ^ØKoiaikúiqoaêh kñka
±lafjkafka f,daflda;a;r ud¾.×k i;r h'&
fida;dm;a;s ud¾.×kh ,eîfuka" tu
fhda.djprhka jykafia úiska fuu wdksixi o ,nk ,oafoa
fjhs'
fida;dm;a;s ud¾.×kfhka"
1. wmdh.dó rd. - oafõI - fuday m%ydKh fõ'
-62-
2. wmdh fÞrgq ish,a, u tu wd¾hhka jykafiag jeiS
hhs'
3. wkjrd.% ixidr ÿlaLiuqøh úh<jd oukq ,efí'
^tkï iir ÿl Wmßu wd;auNdj y;lg iSud fõ'&
4. ima; wd¾hOkfhka hqla; jQfjla fjhs'
5. ñ:Hd ud¾. ish,a, neyer,k ,oafola fjhs'
6. ish¨ ìh yd ffjr ikais÷jk ,oafola fjhs'
7. iïudiïnqÿmshdKka jykafiaf.a T!rimq;%Ndjhg
m;ajQfjla fjhs'
8. ;j;a fndfyda f,!lsl" f,daflda;a;r wdksixi /il
ysñlrefjla fõ'
fida;dm;a;s M,h
f,daflda;a;r ud¾. is;g wk;=rej u M,h ,eîu
f,daflda;a;r l=i, O¾uhkaf.a O¾u;dj hs' wÜGl:djkays
újrKh flfrk wdldrhg Y%oaOdj uq,a lr f.k
îoaOdOqr& fida;dm;a;s ud¾.h m%;sfõO lrk wd¾hhka
jykafia zioaOdkqidÍZ kï jk fial' m%×j uq,a lr f.k
^m[aØOqr& fida;dm;a;s ud¾.h m%;sfõO lrk wd¾hhka
jykafia zOïudkqidÍZ kï jk fial' fï m%:u wd¾hhka
jykafia h' ud¾. is;g wk;=re j u M, is; ,efí' M,
is; ,enQ CIKfhka miq fida;dm;a;s M,ia: fyj;a fojeks
wd¾hhka jykafia njg m;a jk fial' fida;dm;a;s ud¾.
Ñ;a; ùÓh O¾u .%ka:hkays olajd we;af;a fufia h' ^cjk
Ñ;a; ùÓhl Ñ;a;CIK y;ls'&
0. ufkdaoajdrdjÊck Ñ;a;h
1. mßl¾u ^mámÞØKoiaikúiqoaêhg
2. Wmpdr wh;a fõ'&
3. wkqf,dauØKh
4. f.da;%N+ØKh
5. fida;dm;a;s ud¾. Ñ;a;h } ^ØKoiaikúiqoaê&
6. fida;dm;a;s M, Ñ;a;h
7. fida;dm;a;s M, Ñ;a;h
0. NjdÙ. Ñ;a;h
-63-
wk;=re j m%;HfõCId×k we;s fõ' NjdÙ. Ñ;a;
ika;;sh is|f.k ufkdaoajdrdjÊck Ñ;a;h o
f,daflda;a;r ud¾.h m%;HfõCId lsÍï jYfhka cjk
Ñ;a;hka i;la o ms<sfj,ska we;s fõ' kej; NjdÙ.
m;kh ù M, wdÈh m%;HfõCId lsÍfï cjka Ñ;a;hka
^×k& we;s fõ' fuu m%;HfõCId×kj,ska m%;HfõCId
^kqj‚ka lreKq ie,lSu& lrkq ,nkafka lreKq myla
ms<sn| j h'
1. ud¾.h m%;HfõCId lsÍu'
2. M,h m%;HfõCId lsÍu'
3. m%ySK jQ flf,ia m%;HfõCId lsÍu'
4. wjfYaI jQ flf,ia m%;HfõCId lsÍu'
5. ksjk m%;HfõCId lsÍu'
zud úiska fuu ud¾.fhka wd¾hNdjh ,nk ,±Zhs
hkqfjka ud¾.h ms<sn| j o zta fya;=fjka ud úiska fuu
wdksixi O¾u ,nk ,±Zhs hkqfjka M,h ms<sn| j o zÈÜÀ"
úÑlsÉPd wdÈ fukï flf,ia m%ySK hZ hkqfjka m%ySK
flf,ia ms<sn| j o zldurd." jHdmdo wdÈ fukï flf,ia
wm%ySK hZ hkqfjka bÈß ud¾. ;=fkka m%ydKh jk
flf,ia ms<sn| j o zfuu W;=ï ks¾jdK Od;=j ud úiska
wruqKq lsÍï jYfhka idCId;a lrk ,±Zhs hkqfjka ksjk
ms<sn| j o fida;dmkak wd¾hhka jykafia úiska
m%;HfõCId lrkq ,efí' m%ySK flf,ia yd wjfYaI
flf,ia ms<sn| m%;HfõCId×k we;eï fiaL Y%djlhkag
fkd ,efnkakg o bv ;sfí' tfy;a ud¾.h" M,h yd
ksjk ms<sn| m%;HfõCId×k wd¾hhka jykafia,d iEu
fokdg u ,efnkafka u h'
fuf,i fida;dm;a;s M,hg m;a wd¾hhka
jykafia,d m%Odk jYfhka ;sfofkls'
1. talîÔ: - h<s tlajrla ñksia f,dj Wm; ,nd
msßksfjk fida;dmkak wd¾hhka
jykafia'
-64-
2. flda,Ùflda,: - wd;auNdj 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 jYfhka
foõ - ñksia fo.;sfhys Wm; ,nd
msßksfjk fida;dmkak wd¾hhka
jykafia'
3. i;a;laL;a;=mru: - foõ - ñksia fo.;sfhys Wmßu
jYfhka i;ajrla Wm; ,nd
i;ajeks Njfhys § msßksfjk
fida;dmkak wd¾hhka jykafia'
[2] fojeks îlÞ.ó& ud¾.×kh
fida;dm;a;s M,hg m;a jQ wd¾hY%djlhka jykafia
wk;=re j ilÞ.dó ud¾.×kh ,eîu i|yd ldurd. -
má> ixfhdack ;=kS jk mßoafoka o bJøsh - n, -
fndaOHdÙ. O¾uhka j¾Okh jk mßoafoka o rEm - fõokd
- i[aØ - iÙLdr - ú[aØK hk m[ap-WmdÞkialkaO
wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au hk ;%s,CIKh wkqj n,ñka
úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' túg fojeks ud¾. Ñ;a;h
,efnk wjia:dfjys § úo¾Ykd×k fm< fmr mßoafoka u
we;s fjñka iÙLdrefmalaLdØKhg wk;=re j
ufkdaoajdrdjÊck Ñ;a;h o wkqf,dauØK" f.da;%N+ØK o
ms<sfj,ska my< ù ilÞ.dó ud¾. Ñ;a;h we;s fõ' tu
ilÞ.dó ud¾. Ñ;a;h iu.ska we;s jk ×kh"
ilÞ.dóu.a.ØKh hs' th ØKoiaikúiqoaêhg wh;a fõ'
ta ms<sn| Ñ;a;ùÓh fufia h'
0. ufkdaoajdrdjÊck Ñ;a;h
1. mßl¾u cjkh ^mámÞØKoiaikúiqoaêhg
2. Wmpdr cjkh wh;a fõ'&
3. wkqf,dau cjkh
4. fjdaÞk Ñ;a;h
5. ilÞ.dó u.a. Ñ;a;h } ^ØKoiaikúiqoaê&
6. ilÞ.dó M, Ñ;a;h
7. ilÞ.dó M, Ñ;a;h
0. NjÙ. Ñ;a;h
-65-
wk;=re j m%;HfõCId×k wdÈh ,efí'
fojeks ud¾.×kh yd fiiq bÈß ud¾.×k
iïnkaOfhka we;s jk f.da;%N+ØKh ye¢kafjkafka
zfjdaÞkZ kñks' ilÞ.dó Y%djlhka jykafia kej; ukqIH
f,dalfhys Wm;la lrd meñfKf;d;a ta tlajrla mu‚'
zilÞ.dóZ kñka ye¢kafjkafka o ta ksid u h'
fhda.djprhka jykafia" ilÞ.dó ud¾. Ñ;a;h ,efnk
wjia:dfjys § f;jeks wd¾hhka jykafia njg o M, is;
,eîu;a iu. u isjqjeks wd¾hhka jykafia njg o m;a jk
fial'
[3] f;jeks ^wkd.dó& ud¾.×kh

ilÞ.dó M,hg m;a jQ wd¾hY%djlhka jykafia
wk;=re j wkd.dó ud¾.×kh ,eîu i|yd ldurd.-má>
ixfhdack uq¿ukska u m%ydKh jk mßoafoka o bJøsh - n,
- fndaOHdÙ. O¾u ;j ÿrg;a j¾Okh jk mßoafoka o rEm
- fõokd - i[aØ - iÙLdr - ú[aØK hk m[ap-
WmdÞkialkaO wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au hk ;%s,CIKh
wkqj n,ñka úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' túg f;jeks
ud¾. Ñ;a;h ,efnk wjia:dfjys § úo¾Ykd×k fm<
fmr mßoafoka u we;sfjñka iÙLdrefmalaLdØKhg
wk;=re j ms<sfj,ska ufkdaoajdrdjÊck Ñ;a;h;a
wkqf,dauØK" f.da;%N+ØK ^fjdaÞk& wdÈh;a ms<sfj,ska
my< ù wkd.dó ud¾. Ñ;a;h we;s fõ' tu wkd.dó ud¾.
Ñ;a;h iu.ska we;s jk ×kh - ØKoiaikúiqoaêhg wh;a
fõ' ta ms<sn| Ñ;a;ùÓh ilÞ.dó Ñ;a;ùÓhg iudk jk
w;r fjki jkafka ilÞ.dó ud¾. yd M, is;a fjkqjg
wkd.dó ud¾. yd M, is;a fh§u hs' wk;=re j
m%;HfõCId×k wdÈh ,efí' fhda.djprhka jykafia"
wkd.dó ud¾. Ñ;a;h ,efnk wjia:dfjys § miajeks
wd¾hhka jykafia njg o M, is; ,eîu;a iu. u ijeks
wd¾hhka jykafia njg o m;a jk fial' wkd.dó wd¾hhka
jykafia,d ´rïNd.Sh îlaldhÈÜÀ" úÑlsÉPd"
-66-
iS,ín;mrdudi" ldurd." má>& ixfhdack m%ydKh lr
we;s neúka kej; lduOd;=fjys kQmÈ;s'
[4] isjqjeks ^wry;a;& ud¾.×kh

wkd.dó M,hg m;a jQ wd¾hY%djlhka jykafia
wk;=re j w¾y;a ud¾.×kh ,eîu i|yd rEmrd. -
wrEmrd. - udk - WoaOÉp - wúÊcd hk fiiq ixfhdack
ish,a, uq¿ukska u m%ydKh jk mßoafoka o bJøsh - n, -
fndaOHdÙ. O¾u ;j ÿrg;a j¾Okh jk mßoafoka o rEm -
fõokd - i[aØ - iÙLdr - ú[aØK hk m[ap-
WmdÞkialkaO wks;H - ÿlaL - wkd;au hk ;%s,CIKh
wkqj n,ñka úo¾Ykdjg kexúh hq;= h' túg isjqjeks
ud¾. Ñ;a;h ,efnk wjia:dfjys § úo¾Ykd×k fm<
fmr mßoafoka u we;sfjñka iÙLdrefmalaLdØKhg
wk;=re j ms<sfj<ska ufkdaoajdrdjÊck Ñ;a;h;a
wkqf,dauØK- f.da;%N+ØK;a ^fjdaÞk& ms<sfj<ska my< ù
w¾y;a ud¾. Ñ;a;h we;s fõ' tu w¾y;a ud¾. Ñ;a;h
iu.ska we;s jk ×kh - ØKoiaikúiqoaêhg wh;a fõ' ta
ms<sn| Ñ;a;ùÓh ilÞ.dó Ñ;a;ùÓhg iudk jk w;r
fjki jkafka ilÞ.dó ud¾. yd M, is;a fjkqjg w¾y;a
ud¾. yd M, is;a fh§u hs' wk;=re j m%;HfõCId×k wdÈh
,efí' by; olajk ,o m%;HfõCId×kj,ska ry;ka
jykafiag ,efnkafka i;rla mu‚' flf,ia ish,a,
m%ySK neúka b;sß flf,ia .ek m%;HfõCId lsÍula ke;'
ry;ka jykafiag m%;HfõCId×k ,efnkafka"
1. ud¾.h
2. M,h
3. ksjk
4. m%ySK flf,ia
hk O¾u ms<sn| j h' fhda.djprhka jykafia w¾y;a
ud¾. Ñ;a;h ,nk wjia:dfjys § i;ajeks wd¾hhka
jykafia njg o M, is; ,eîu;a iu.ska ish¨ flf,ia
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m%ydKh l<" ish¨ ialkaO nr nyd ;enQ" uydCISKdY%j" w.%
oCIsKd¾y wgjeks wd¾hhka jykafia njg o m;a jk
fial'
fï wkqj ØKoiaikúiqoaê kñka ye¢kafjk"
1. fida;dm;a;su.a.ØKh
2. ilÞ.dóu.a.ØKh
3. wkd.dóu.a.ØKh
4. wry;a;u.a.ØKh
hk i;r ud¾.×k imqrd f.k ish¨ Nj
nkaOkhkaf.ka ksoyia ù wkqmdÞmßksíndk kï jQ W;=ï
ksjkska iekiSu i|yd kqjKe;s i;amqreIfhda fkd mud j
jEhï lr;ajd!
-68-
8. ud¾.-M, ,eîu i|yd imqrd .; hq;=
fndaêmdlaIsl O¾u
ÿlaL - iuqoh - ksfrdaO - ud¾. hk p;=rd¾hi;Hh
ms<sn| wjfndaOh zfndaêZ kï fõ' tu wjfndaOh ^fndaêh&
,eîu i|yd ish¨ nqÿ - mfianqÿ - uyry;ka jykafia,d
iïmQ¾K l<d jQ ;siay;la jQ O¾u jkdys fndaêmdlaIsl
O¾u kï fõ' hfula p;=rd¾hi;Hh wjfndaO lr f.k
wúoHdj ke;s fldg úoHdj we;s lr .ksñka Nj .uk
wjika lsÍug wfmaCId lr;a o ta yeufokd úiska u fuu
i;a;sia fndaêmdCIsl O¾u iïmQ¾K l< hq;= u h' tu
fndaêmdCIsl O¾u (37) fufia hs'
1) i;r i;smÜGdk [4]
1. ldhdkqmiaikd i;smÜGdkh ^lh wkqj kqj‚ka
olsñka isysh msysgqjd .ekSu&
2. fõokdkqmiaikd i;smÜGdkh ^ú£ï wkqj kqj‚ka
3. Ñ;a;dkqmiaikd i;smÜGdkh îs; wkqj kqj‚ka
4. Oïudkqmiaikd i;smÜGdkh Ô¾u;d wkqj kqj‚ka
2) i;r iïumamOdk* [4]
^*zmOdkZ hkq ù¾hh hs'&
1. ;ud ;=< we;s fkd jQ wl=i,a we;s fkd ùu ms‚i
lrk W;aidyh'
2. ;ud ;=< we;s jQ wl=i,a ÿre lsÍu ms‚i lrk
W;aidyh'
3. ;ud ;=< we;s lr fkd .;a l=i,a we;s lr .ekSu
ms‚i lrk W;aidyh'
4. ;ud ;=< we;s lr .;a l=i,a /l .ksñka ÈhqKq lr
.ekSu ms‚i lrk W;aidyh'
-69-
3) i;r boaêmdo îDoaêmdo& [4]
1. Pkao - boaêmdoh îu:" úmiaikd O¾u ÈhqKq lsÍfï
n,j;a leue;a;&
2. úßh - boaêmdoh îu:" úmiaikd O¾u ÈhqKq lsÍfï
n,j;a W;aidyh&
3. Ñ;a; - boaêmdoh îu:" úmiaikd O¾u ÈhqKq lsÍu
ms<sn| ±ä wêIaGdkh fyj;a Ñ;a;h&
4. ùuxid - boaêmdoh îu:" úmiaikd O¾u ÈhqKq lsÍu
ms<sn| ùuxikh fyj;a m%×j&
4) m[ap bJøsh* [5]
^*zbJøshZ hkq fiiq O¾u ;udg wkql+, lr .ksñka
wêm;sNdjh isÿ lrk O¾ufhda h'&
1. ioaOd - bJøsh
2. úßh - bJøsh
3. i;s - bJøsh
4. iudê - bJøsh
5. m[aØ - bJøsh
5) m[ap n,* [5]
^*flf,iqka uev,Su ms‚i b;d n,j;a njg m;a bJøsh
O¾u zn,Z kï fõ'&
1. ioaOd - n,
2. úßh - n,
3. i;s - n,
4. iudê - n,
5. m[aØ - n,
6) ima; fndaOHdx.* ^fndÊCOÙ.& [7]
^*p;=rd¾hi;Hh wjfndaO lr .ekSug iDcq j u WmldÍ
jk O¾u zfndÊCOÙ.Z kï fõ'&
1. i;siïfndÊCOÙ.h - i;r i;smÜGdkh ukd j
jeãu'
-70-
2. OïuúphiïfndÊCOÙ.h - O¾u;d ms<sn| j ukd j
kqj‚ka úuiSu'
3. úßhiïfndÊCOÙ.h - i;rdldr ù¾hh ukd j
we;s lr .ekSu'
4. mS;siïfndÊCOÙ.h - iu:" úmiaikd jeãfuka
we;s jk ksrdñi mS%;sh'
5. miaioaêiïfndÊCOÙ.h - iu:" úmiaikd jeãu
;=<ska we;s jk ikais£u'
6. iudêiïfndÊCOÙ.h - iu:" úmiaikd jeãu
;=<ska we;s jk isf;a
tl`. nj'
7. WfmalaLdiïfndÊCOÙ.h - iu:" úmiaikd jeãu
;=<ska we;s jk isf;a
ueoy;a nj'
7) wd¾h wIagdÙ.sl ud¾.h [8]
1. iïudÈÜÀ - ksjerÈ wjfndaOh ^p;=rd¾hi;Hh
ms<sn| wjfndaO×kh - ud¾.
is;aj, fhfok m%× ffp;islh&
2. iïudiÙlmam - ksjerÈ ixl,amkd ^fklaLïu
ixl,amkd wdÈh yd ud¾. is;aj,
fhfok ú;lal ffp;islh&
3. iïudjdpd - ksjerÈ jpk l:d lsÍu) ûqidjdo
wdÈ jd.aÿYapß;j,ska je<lSu&
4. iïudlïuka; - ksjerÈ ldhsl ls%hd) ^m%dK>d; wdÈ
ldhÿYapß;j,ska je<lSu&
5. iïudwdÔj - ksjerÈ Ôúldj) ^Ôúldj ms‚i
isÿ lrk ldhÿYapß; yd
jd.aÿYapß;j,ska je<lSu&
)fuu wx. ;=k o ud¾. is;ays
fhfok úr;s ffp;islfhda fj;s'
6. iïudjdhdu - ksjerÈ W;aidyh î;rdldr
ù¾hh-ud¾. is;aj, fhfok úßh
ffp;islh&
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7. iïudi;s - ksjerÈ isysh î;r i;smÜGdkfhys
is; ukd fldg msysgqjd .ekSu&
8. iïudiudê - ksjerÈ iudêh ^Wmpdr iys; jQ
wIag iudm;a;Ska we;s lr .ekSu&
fndaêmdCIsl O¾u ish,a, 4 + 4 + 4 + 5 + 5 + 7 + 8 = 37 ls'
p;=rd¾hi;Hh wjfndaO ùu jkdys yqfola m%d¾:kd

l< mu‚ka u isÿ jkakla fkd fõ' ta i|yd l< hq;= foa
kï" fkd mud j fuu i;a;sia fndaêmdCIsl O¾u jeãu hs'
fmr jevúiQ nqÿ" mfianqÿ" uyry;a W;=uka jykafia,d o
wkd.dó" ilÞ.dó" fida;dmkak ud¾.-M,,dNS W;=uka
jykafia,d o tu wê.uhkag m;a jQfha fuu fndaêmdCIsl
O¾u iïmQ¾K lr .ekSfuks'
-72-
9. ima; úY=oaëka we;s lr .;a
wd¾hY%djlhka jykafia,d
fndaêmdCIsl O¾u we;s lr .ekSfuka YS% ioaO¾uh
wjfndaO lr .ksñka wd¾h-N+ñhg m;a jQ wd¾hY%djlhka
jykafia,d tlish wgfofkl= ms<sn| j wÜGl:djkays
i|yka fõ' tu wd¾hhka jykafia,d wd¾h-N+ñhg m;a j
isákafka ima; úY=oaëka o we;s lr .ksñks' tlish wgla
^108& jQ tu wd¾hY%djlhka jykafia,d ms<sfj<ska fufia hs'
fida;dmkak ^M,ia:& wd¾hhka jykafia,d 12

ilaldhÈÜÀ ^wd;auoDIaáh&" úÑlsÉPd îelh&"
iS,ín;mrdudi ^jerÈ YS,-j%; wkq.ukh lsÍu& hk ;s%úO
Njixfhdack m%ydKh lrñka f,daflda;a;r-wd¾h
wIagdx.sl ud¾.hg m;a wd¾hY%djlhka jykafia
zfida;dmkakZ kï jk fial' fida;dmkak Y%djlhka
jykafia,d ^WmÈk Nj .Kk wkqj& ;sfofkla fj;s'
1.talîÔ - tlajrla h<s fuf,dj Wm; ,nd

w¾y;ajhg m;a jk fida;dmkak
wd¾hhka jykafia'
2.flda,Ùflda, - wd;auNdj 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 jYfhka h<s
foõ - ñksia iq.;Skays Wm; ,nd
w¾y;ajhg m;a jk fida;dmkak
wd¾hhka jykafia'
3.i;a;laL;a;=mru - Wmßu jYfhka wd;auNdj y;la u
h<s foõ - ñksia iq.;Skays Wm; ,nd
y;ajeks Ôú;fhys § w¾y;ajhg m;a
jk fida;dmkak wd¾hhka jykafia'
fuu Y%djlhka jykafia,d ;sfok fida;dmkak ùu
i|yd wkq.ukh lrk m%;smÞ i;rls' tkï"
-73-
1. ÿlaLdmámÞokaOdNs[aØ - ÿl fia ms<sfj;a mqrd
fifuka O¾uh wjfndaO
lsÍu'
2. ÿlaLdmámÞÅmamdNs[aØ - ÿl fia ms<sfj;a mqrd jyd
O¾uh wjfndaO lsÍu'
3. iqLdmámÞokaOdNs[aØ - iqj fiaa ms<sfj;a mqrd
fifuka O¾uh wjfndaO
lsÍu'
4. iqLdmámÞÅmamdNs[aØ - iqj fia ms<sfj;a mqrd jyd
O¾uh wjfndaO lsÍu'
fida;dmkak Y%djlhka jykafia,d ;sfok fuu

m%;smÞ i;frka .=K jQ l, (3x4) fÞf<diafofkls'
ilÞ.dó ^M,ia:& wd¾hhka jykafia,d 12

ilaldhÈÜÀ - úÑlsÉPd - iS,ín;mrdudi hk ;s%úO
ixfhdack m%ydKh lrñka ldurd.-má> ixfhdack o ;=kS
lr .;aa h<s tlajrla fuf,dj Wm; ,nd w¾y;ajhg m;a
jkiq¨ wd¾hhka jykafia zilÞ.dóZ kï jk fial' ldu -
rEm - wrEm hk Nj ;=fkys § O¾uh wjfndaO lr .ekSï
jYfhka ilÞ.dó wd¾hhka jykafia,d ;sfofkla fj;s'
tu ;sfokd jykafia by; i|yka ziqLdmámÞZ wdÈ m%;smÞ
i;frka .=K jQ l, (3x4) fÞf<diafofkla fj;s'
wkd.dó ^M,ia:& wd¾hhka jykafia,d 24

ilaldhÈÜÀ - úÑlsÉPd - iS,ín;mrdudi - ldurd.
- má> hk ´rïNd.Sh ^lduOd;=jg ne| ;nk& ixfhdack
uq¿ukska u m%ydKh lsÍfuka kej; Wm;la ms‚i
lduOd;=jg fkd meñK" iqoaOdjdi n%yauf,dalj, Wm;
,nd tys u w¾y;ajhg m;a j tys u msßksfjk wd¾hhka
jykafia zwkd.dóZ kï jk fial' wkd.dó wd¾hhka
jykafia,d m%Odk jYfhka miafofkla fj;s'
-74-
1. wka;rdmßksíndhS -ur‚ka u;= my< jkakd jQ
iqoaOdjdifhys kshñ; wdhq
m%udKfhka wvla .; ùug fmr
w¾y;ajhg m;a j msßksfjk
wkd.dó wd¾hhka jykafia'
2. WmyÉpmßksíndhS -ur‚ka u;= my< jkakd jQ
iqoaOdjdifhys kshñ; wdhq
m%udKfhka wvla .; jQ miq
w¾y;ajhg m;a j msßksfjk
3. wiÙLdrmßksíndhS -ur‚ka u;= iqoaOdjdifhys my< jQ
miq wdhdihlska f;dr j u
w¾y;ajhg m;a j tys § msßksfjk
4. iiÙLdrmßksíndhS -ur‚ka u;= iqoaOdjdifhys my< jQ
miq ù¾h fldg w¾y;ajhg m;a j
tys § msßksfjk wkd.dó wd¾hhka
jykafia'
5. WoaOxfidaf;da wlksÜG.dó - zwúyZ wdÈ hg
iqoaOdjdij, my< j wkqms<sfj,ska
by< iqoaOdjdij, Wm; ,nñka
zwlksÜGZ iqoaOdjdih olajd u
f.dia zwlksÜGZ iqoaOdjdifhys §
w¾y;ajhg m;a j tys § msßksfjk
wkd.dó wd¾hhka jykafia,d ur‚ka u;= my<
jkakd jQ iqoaOdjdi n%yauf,dal myls' rEmdjpr n%yauf,dal
.Khg wh;a fuu n%yauf,dalj, jdih lrkafka wkd.dó
yd w¾y;a M,hkag m;a jQ wd¾hhka jykafia,d neúka tajd
ziqoaOdjdiZ ^Y=oaO i;aFjhkaf.a jdiN+ñ& kï fõ' tajd kï"
-75-
1.zwúyZ nUf,dj - fuys by; i|yka wkd.dó
^wdhq-ld,h Wmßu wd¾hhka jykafia,d miafok u
uydl,am 1000 ls'&
úoHudk fj;s' (5)
2.zw;mamZ nUf,dj - fuys o by; i|yka wkd.dó
uydl,am 2000 ls'&
úoHudk fj;s' (5)
3.ziqoiaiZ nUf,dj - fuys o by; i|yka wkd.dó
uydl,am 4000 ls'&
úoHudk fj;s' (5)
4.ziqoiaiSZ nUf,dj - fuys o by; i|yka wkd.dó
uydl,am 8000 ls'&
úoHudk fj;s' (5)
5.zwlksÜGZ nUf,dj - fuys zWoaOxfidaf;da wlksÜG.dóZ
^wdhq-ld,h Wmßu wd¾hhka jykafia yer by;
uydl,am 16000 ls'&
i|yka fiiq wkd.dó wd¾hhka
jykafia,d isjqfok úoHudk fj;s'
(4)
fï wkqj iqoaOdjdi mfiys m%fNao jYfhka wkd.dó
wd¾hhka jykafia,d (5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 4 = 24) úisy;rfofkla
úoHudk fj;s'
ry;ka jykafia,d ^M,ia:& 2
ilaldhÈÜÀ - úÑlsÉPd - iS,ín;mrdudi - ldurd.
- má> - rEmrd. - wrEmrd. - udk - WoaOÉp - wúÊcd hk
oi ixfhdack m%ydKh lrñka ish¨ Njne÷ï ,syd ouñka
kej; kQmÈk f,i ish¨ flf,ia ÿre l< wd¾hhka
jykafia ry;ka jykafia h' ry;ka jykafia,d m%Odk
jYfhka fofldgils'
1. Y=Ialúo¾Yl - OHdk mdol lr fkd .ksñka

îqlaLúmiail& úo¾Ykdj u mdol lr .ksñka
-76-
w¾y;ajhg m;a jQ wd¾hhka jykafia
zY=Ialúo¾YlZ ry;ka jykafia h' OHdk
iïmQ¾K fkd l< o úo¾Ykdj jvk
fhda.djprhka jykafiag úo¾Ykdfõ
n,fhka m[ap-kSjrK hgm;a ù is;
tl`. ùfuka iudêh we;s fõ' th
úo¾Ykd iudêh hs' túg iudê - m%×
YsCId fol u thska iïmQ¾K fõ'
Y=Ialúo¾Ykdj hkq iu: OHdk rys; nj
úkd úo¾Ykd iudêh rys; nj fkd fõ'
Y=Ialúo¾Yl ry;ka jykafia mQ¾jfhka
OHdk ,nd fkd ;snqK;a úo¾Ykdj u
mdol lr f.k ud¾. - M, ,nk
fudfydf;ys § tu ud¾. is;
m%:uOHdkhg iudk jQ iudê .=Khlska
hqla; jk nj O¾u .%ka:hkays i|yka
fõ'
2. iu:hdksl - m<uq j rEmdjpr - wrEmdjpr OHdk"
iudm;a;s we;s lr f.k OHdk mdol lr
f.k úo¾Ykdj jvd w¾y;ajhg m;a jQ
wd¾hhka jykafia iu:hdksl jk fial'
ud¾.ia: Y%djlhka jykafia,d 4
by; i|yka ish¨ u wd¾hhka jykafia,d M,hg
m;a jQ ^M,ia:& W;=fuda h' M,hg m;a jkafka f,daflda;a;r
wd¾h-wIagdÙ.sl ud¾.h imqrd f.k h' f,daflda;a;r
wd¾h-wIagdÙ.sl ud¾.h jkdys flf,ia ÿre ùfï wjëka
wkqj Ñ;a;ika;dkfhys my< jkafka jdr y;rl § h'
tksid iïudÈÜÀ wdÈ wx. wfgka hq;= f,daflda;a;r
ud¾.h" ud¾. is;a wkqj p;=¾úO fõ' wNsO¾uhg wkqj tla
f,daflda;a;r ud¾. is;la ,efnkafka tl Ñ;a;laIKhl §
h' fuu f,daflda;a;r ud¾. is;a i;r ;ud ;=< my< jk
CIKfha § tu wd¾hhka jykafia,d ud¾.ia:fhda fj;s'
-77-
1. fida;dm;a;s ud¾. is; - fuu ud¾. is; ,nk
CIKfhys fida;dmkak
ud¾.ia: wd¾hhka jykafia
úoHudk jk fial'
2. ilÞ.dó ud¾. is; - fuu ud¾. is; ,nk
CIKfhys ilÞ.dó ud¾.ia:
wd¾hhka jykafia úoHudk
jk fial'
3. wkd.dó ud¾. is; - fuu ud¾. is; ,nk
CIKfhys wkd.dó ud¾.ia:
jk fial'
4. w¾y;a ud¾. is; - fuu ud¾. is; ,nk
CIKfhys w¾y;a ud¾.ia:
jk fial'
fida;dmkak ^M,ia:& wd¾hhka jykafia,d 12
ilÞ.dó ^M,ia:& wd¾hhka jykafia,d 12
wkd.dó ^M,ia:& wd¾hhka jykafia,d 24
w¾y;a ^M,ia:& wd¾hhka jykafia,d 2
ud¾.ia: wd¾hhka jykafia,d 4
54
we;eï Y%djlhka jykafia,d Y%oaOdj uq,a lr f.k
îoaOdOqr& O¾uh wjfndaO lrk w;r we;eï Y%djlhka
jykafia,d m%×j uq,a lr f.k ^m[aØOqr& O¾uh wjfndaO
lr;s' by; Y%djlhka jykafia,d mkiai;rfokd jykafia
ioaOdOqr" m[aØOqr foflka .=K jQ l,ays (54x2) ish¨ u
wd¾hY%djlhka jykafia,d tlish wgfofkla (108) fj;s'
fuu W;=ï wd¾hhka jykafia,d tlish wgfokd
jykafia úoHudk jkafka nqÿiiqkl u mu‚' fuu
wd¾hNdjhg m;a ùu i|yd fya;= jk ima; úY=oaëka
-78-
úoHudk jkafka o nqÿiiqkl u mu‚' tksid ÿ¾,N
ñksi;a njla ,enQ kqjKe;s i;amqreI ieufok nqÿiiqkla
iïuqL j mj;sk fuu ÿ¾,N CIKfhys ima; úY=oaëka
iïmQ¾K lr f.k wd¾hNdjhg jyd m;a j ish¨ nqÿ"
mfianqÿ" uyry;ka jykafia,d ksù iekiS meñK jÞ<
Ydka;-iqL ,CIK wuD; ks¾jdK Ydka;sh wjfndaO lr
.ekSug jEhï lr;ajd'''!
idOq ! idOq !! idOq !!!
-79-
wdYs%; .%ka: kdudj,sh:
" uÊCêuksldfha zr:úkS;Z iQ;%h'

" wÙ.=;a;rksldh ^;slksmd;h&
" uÊCêuksldhÜGl:d ^mm[apiQokS&'
" LqoaolmdGÜGl:d
" úiqoaêu.a. ^md<s&'
" isxy, úY=oaê ud¾.h - mQcH ud;r Y%S Oïujxi kdysñ'
" úo¾Ykd Ndjkd l%uh -
w;smQckSh f¾reldfka pJoúu, uydkdysñ'
" fndaêmdCIsl O¾u úia;rh -
" uydp;a;d<Sidldr úmiaikd Ndjkd l%uh -
" iQúis uy.=Kh - w;smQckSh f¾reldfka pJoúu, uydkdysñ'
" m%×fõ wdf,dalh - md wjqla Ndjkd .%ka:'
" iui;<sia l¾uia:dk Ndjkd -
w;smQckSh kd Whfka wßhOïu iajdóJøhka jykafia'
" úo¾Ykd mrmqr -
w;smQckSh ud;r ØKdrdu iajdóJøhka jykafia'
-80-

Book 030-Supirisidu Niwan Maga

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Book 030-Supirisidu Niwan Maga

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f;jk uqøKh - ixialrKh I

Copyright © Sri Saddharma Sansadaya, Dhammarama Yogashramaya - 2007

› ioaO¾u ixiofhka m%ldYs; fjk;a O¾u.%ka:

mQcH Èmamsáf.dv fidauYdka; iajdóka jykafia

nkaÿ, wdkkao fmf¾rd

kej; uqøKh i|yd" ish¨ úuiSï"

fuu O¾uÞkh isÿ lrk ,§'

úuiSï:- 071 - 4417813

fjí wvúh i|yd Þhl;ajh

ziífí i;a;d Njka;= iqÅ;;a;dZ

kd Whfka wßhOïu ia:úr'

;=kaf,dald.% jQ Ydka;skdhl wm nqÿrcdKka jykafia

idOq ! idOq !! idOq !!!

mQcH kdj, OïudkJo ysñ'

;=kaf,dald.% jQ Nd.Hj;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska

.Dyia: yd m%j%ð; fhda.djprhkaf.a ldh" jd.a

1. wLkav - iudoka jQ YS,fhys uq,ska yd w.ska

fuu wx. wfgka iukaú; jk .Dyia: fuka u

Wmpdr iudê iys; jQ wIag iudm;a;s we;s lr .ekSu

40. Od;=ukisldrh - YÍrfhys mj;sk mGù" wdfmda"

uq,ska iu:h jvd wk;=re j úo¾Ykdjg fhduq jk

fuf,i kdu-rEm O¾u kqj‚ka fjka lr f.k

(1) “h:dys wÙ.iïNdrd

kdkdúO wjhj iuQyhla tlg .e<mQ l,ays zr:hZh

(2) “ÿlaLfïjys iïfNda;s

fuys yg.kafka ÿlla u h' ^i;aFjfhla fkd fõ!&

ÈÜÀúiqoaêh iïmQ¾K lr .;a fhda.djprhd úiska

2. ;SrKmß[aØ :-kdu-rEm O¾uhkaf.a ;s%,CIKh

u.a.du.a.ØKoiaikúiqoaêh we;s lr .ekSu i|yd

1. w;S; 7. ishqï ^iqLqu&

hk tfldf<dia wdldrh wkqj wruqKq lr f.k

p;a;d<Sidldr úmiaikd Ndjkdj

7. wdndOf;da - wdndOhla jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

8. mrf;da - wkqka i;= foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

9. mf,dalf;da - ì£ hk foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

10. B;sf;da - jHik jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

11. Wmoaojf;da - Wmøj jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

12. Nhf;da - Nh jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

14. p,f;da - ief,k foa jYfhka kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

29. úNjf;da - úkdYhla f,i kqj‚ka ±lSu:-

30. idijf;da - wdi%jhkag ys; jQ foa jYfhka kqj‚ka

31. iÙL;f;da - fya;+ka ksid yg.;a foa jYfhka kqj‚ka

32. udrdñif;da - udrhdf.a f.dÿre jYfhka kqj‚ka

34. crdOïuf;da - ÈÍu iajNdjh fldg we;s foa jYfhka

35. jHdêOïuf;da- jHdêh iajNdjh fldg we;s foa

36. urKOïuf;da - urKh iajNdjh fldg we;s foa

37. fidalOïuf;da - fYdalhg fya;= jk foa jYfhka

39. WmdhdiOïuf;da - ±ä f,i is; fjfyi jk ojk foaa

40. ixlsf,aislOïuf;da - flf,iSfï iajNdjfhka hq;=

fuu wd§kj i;<sfika wksÉp" mf,dal" p," mNÙ.="

jYfhka fldgia yhlg fnÞ f.k ta tla tla

wei ^plaLqoajdr& - rEm l,dm j¾. yhls'

ish¨ u rEm (10x3) + (8x3) = 54

lk ^fida;oajdr&" kdih ^>dkoajdr&" Èj ^ðõydoajdr&

2. ;Kaydj ksid rEmh yg.kS' zm%;HhZ jYfhka rEmfha

4. wdydr ksid rEmh yg.kS'

II.) fõokd - WmdÞkialkaOh:

2. ;Kaydj ksid fõokd yg.kS' zm%;HhZ jYfhka ziuqohZ

4. iam¾Yh ksid fõokd yg.kS'

zjhZ - ke;s ùu'

4. iam¾Yh ksid i[aØ yg.kS'

5. i[aØ yg.kakd CIKfhys zCIKZ jYfhka ziuqohZ

zjhZ - ke;s ùu'

IV.) iÙLdr - WmdÞkialkaOh: