New Concrete Standards

Seminar on New Technology, New Products
and New Standards of Concrete

KL, 17 Dec 2007
New Concrete Standards
17 Dec 2010
Lu Jin Ping
Executive Director
Admaterials Technologies Pte Ltd
jinping@admaterials.com.sg
1
New Concrete Standards
Outline
 Why New Standards?
 New Standards for Concrete
 Specification
 Testing Methods for Fresh Concrete
 Testing Methods for Hardened Concrete
 In-situ Tests
 New Standards for Constituent Materials
 Cement
 Additions (fly ash, ggbs, silica fume)
 Aggregate
 Admixture
 SAC CT05 and CT06 for Product Certification 2
Why New Standards
BCA Circular dated 20 Oct 2006
 the BS EN version of Eurocode 2 ‘Design of Concrete

Structures’ has been completed and BSI has announced that
it will no longer support BS 8110 ‘Structural Use of Concrete’
Parts 1, 2 and 3 after March 2008.
 The Building and Construction Standards Committee of
SPRING Singapore had consulted the industry and informed
BCA of its recommendation that Singapore should align our
civil and structural design practice with the Eurocodes.
 BCA has agreed to adopt the BS EN version of the Eurocodes
and plans to specify them in the Approved Documents of the
Building Control Regulations after the corresponding British
Standards are withdrawn.
3
Why New Standards
Linking the Past and Present to the Future
 Traditionally, Singapore Standards and Concrete Design

and Practice are derived from UK corresponding codes
and standards
 Singapore codes and standards rely mainly on UK

development in terms of updating and adoption of new
approaches
 With UK migrating over to EN series of codes and

standards, it is only prudent for Singapore to also align its
codes and standards to the corresponding EN standards.
 Only the standards relating to concrete and its constituent

materials are considered in this presentation, highlighting
4
main and important changes.
Eurocode
5
Eurocode 2
6
Eurocode 2
7
SS EN206-1 & standards for design and execution, standards
for constituent materials and test standards
8
Concrete Specification
BS EN 206-1 Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance, production
and conformity
SS EN 206-1: 2009 [with National Annexes (informative)]
BS 8500-1: 2006, Concrete – Complementary British Standard to
BS EN 206-1 – Part 1: Methods of specifying and guidance for
the specifier
SS 544-1: 2009 [with National Annexes (informative)]
BS 8500-2: 2006, Concrete – Complementary British Standard to
BS EN 206-1 – Part 2: Specification of constituent materials and
concrete
SS 544-2: 2009 [with National Annexes (informative)]
REPLACING
(SS 289:2000) BS 5328:Part 1:1991, Guide to specifying concrete
(SS 289:2000) BS 5328:Part 2:1991, Methods for specifying concrete mixes
(SS 289:2000) BS 5328:Part 3:1990, Specification for the procedures to be
used in producing and transporting concrete
(SS 289:2000) BS 5328:Part 4:1990, Specification for the procedures to be
used in sample, testing and assessing compliance of concrete
9
Specification of Concrete
 All relevant requirements for the concrete shall be given in the
concrete specification, including any properties or mix limitations
that are necessary for transportation after delivery, placing,
compaction, curing or further treatment
 If all these requirements are satisfied, any difference in concrete
properties between the concrete in the structure and standardized
test specimens is adequately covered by the partial safety factor for
concrete
 Following aspects shall be taken into consideration
- application of the fresh and hardened concrete
- curing conditions
- dimensions of the structure (the heat development)
- environmental actions to which the structure is to be exposed
- any requirements for exposed aggregate or tooled concrete finishes
- any requirements related to the cover to reinforcement or minimum
section width, e.g. maximum aggregate size
- any restrictions on the use of constituent materials with established
suitability, e.g. inappropriate for the identified exposure classes
10
Concrete Specification C2
Terms and Definitions

(Selecting new or less familiar terms and definitions only)
Additions
finely divided or ground material used in concrete in order to improve
certain properties or to achieve special properties
- nearly inert additions (type I)
- pozzolanic or latent hydraulic additions (type II)
Initial test (c.f. trial mix in current practice)
test or tests to check before the production starts how a new concrete or
concrete family shall be composed in order to meet all the specified
requirements in the fresh and hardened concrete
Identity test
test to determine whether selected batches or loads come from a
conforming population
Conformity test
test performed by the producer to assess conformity of the concrete
Producer
person or body producing fresh concrete
User
person or body using fresh concrete in the execution of a construction or a
component
Specifier
11
person or body establishing the specification for the fresh and hardened
concrete
Terms and Definitions
(Selecting new or less familiar terms and definitions only)
Designed concrete
Concrete for which the required properties and additional characteristics are
specified to the producer who is responsible for providing a concrete
complying to the required properties and additional characteristics
Prescribed concrete (not commonly specified)
Concrete for which the composition of the concrete and the constituent
materials to be used are specified to the producer who is responsible for
providing a concrete with the specified composition
Standardized prescribed concrete (not commonly specified)
Concrete for which the composition is given in a standard valid in the place
of use of the concrete
Designated concrete
Concrete produced in accordance with SS 544-2: 2009, clause 6 by a
producer holding current accredited product conformity based on product
testing and surveillance, couple with approval of the produce’s quality
system to SS ISO 9001 (see guideline in National Foreword to SS 544-1: 2009
on intended use in Singapore)
Proprietary concrete
Concrete for which the producer assures the performance subject to good
practice in placing, compacting and curing and for which the producer 12in
not require to declare the composition
EXPOSURE CLASSES RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS
Table A1 – Exposure classes (SS 544-1:2009) BS EN 8500-2:2006
Class Class description Informative examples applicable in UK

No risk of corrosion or attack
XO For concrete without Unreinforced concrete surfaces inside structure. Unreinforced concrete
reinforcement or embedded completely buried in soil classed as AC-1 and with a hydraulic gradient not
medal: all exposures except greater than 5. Unreinforced concrete permanently submerged in non-
where there is freeze/thaw, aggressive water. Unreinforced concrete surfaces in cyclic wet and dry
abrasion or chemical attack conditions not subject to abrasion, freezing or chemical attack.
For concrete with reinforcement Reinforced concrete surfaces exposed to very dry conditions.
or embedded medal: very dry
Corrosion induced by carbonation (XC classes)
(where concrete containing reinforcement or other embedded metal is exposed to air and moisture)
XC1 Dry or permanently wet Reinforced and prestressed concrete surfaces inside enclosed
structures except areas of structure with high humidity. Reinforce
and prestressed concrete permanently submerged in non-
aggressive water
XC2 Wet, rarely dry Reinforced and prestressed concrete completely buried in soil
classed as AC-1 and with a hydraulic gradient not greater than 5.
XC3 Moderate humidity or cyclic External reinforced and prestressed concrete surfaces sheltered
and wet and dry from, or exposed to, direct rain. Reinforced and prestressed
XC4 concrete surfaces subjected to high humidity. Reinforced and
prestressed concrete surfaces exposed to alternate wetting and
drying. Interior concrete surfaces of pedestrian subways not
subject to de-icing salts, voided superstructures or cellular
13
abutments. Reinforced or prestressed concrete beneath
waterproofing.
EXPOSURE CLASSES
Corrosion induced by chlorides other than sea water (XD classes)
(where concrete containing reinforcement or other embedded metal is subject to contact
with water containing chlorides, including de-icing salts, from sources other than from sea
water)
Class Class Informative examples applicable in the United Kingdom

designation description
XD1 Moderate Concrete surfaces exposed to airborne chloride. Reinforced and
humidity prestressed concrete wall and structure supports more than 10 m
horizontally from a carriageway. Bridge deck soffits more than 5 m
vertically above the carriageway. Parts of structures exposed to
occasional or slight chloride conditions.
XD2 Wet, rarely dry Reinforced and prestressed concrete surfaces totally immersed in water
containing chlorides. Buried highway structures more than 1 m below
adjacent carriageway
XD3 Cyclic wet and Reinforced and prestressed concrete walls and structure supports within
dry 10 m of a carriageway. Bridge parapet edge beams. Buried highway
structures less than 1 m below carriageway level. Reinforced pavements
and car park slabs
Note: De-icing salts not used in Singapore and hence some UK examples do not apply.
14
EXPOSURE CLASSES
Corrosion induced by chlorides from sea water (XS classes)
(where concrete containing reinforcement or other embedded metal is subject to contact
with chlorides from sea water or air carrying salt originating from sea water)
Class Class description Informative examples applicable in the United Kingdom

designation
XS1 Exposed to airborne salt External reinforced and prestressed concrete surfaces in
but not in direct contact coastal areas.
with sea water
XS2 Permanently submerged Reinforced and prestressed concrete surfaces completely
submerged and remaining saturated, e.g. concrete below mid-
tide level.
XS3 Tidal, splash and spray Reinforced and prestressed concrete surfaces in the upper
zones tidal zones and the splash and spray zones.
Note: XS1 – level of airborne salt for distances inland needs to be

determined as many structures in Singapore are along coastal
zone, (see Australian codes for guidance on this issue)
15
EXPOSURE CLASSES
Freeze/thaw attack (XF classes)
(where concrete is exposed to significant attack from freeze-thaw cycles whilst wet)
Class Class description Informative examples applicable in the United Kingdom

designation
XF1 Moderate water Vertical concrete surfaces such as facades and columns exposed
saturation, without de- to rain and freezing. Non-vertical concrete surfaces not highly
icing agent saturated, but exposed to freezing and to rain or water.
XF2 Moderate water Concrete surfaces such as parts of bridges, which would
saturation, with de- otherwise be classed as XF1, but which are exposed to de-icing
icing agent salts either directly or as spray or run-off.
XF3 High water saturation, Horizontal concrete surfaces, such as parts of buildings, where
without de-icing agent water accumulates and which are exposed to freezing. Concrete
surfaces subjected to frequent splashing with water and exposed
to freezing.
XF4 High water saturation, Horizontal concrete surfaces, such as roads and pavements,
with de-icing agent or exposed to freezing and to de-icing salts either directly or as
sea water spray or run-off. Concrete surfaces subject to frequent splashing
with water containing de-icing agents and exposed to freezing.
Note: ONLY IN SPECIAL CASES e.g. industrial plants, cold storage areas, ice-skating rings
16
EXPOSURE CLASSES
Chemical attack (XA classes) – EN 206-1: 2000
(Where concrete is exposed to chemical attack from natural soils and ground water as given
in Table 2, the exposure shall be classified as given below. The classification of sea water
depends on the geographical location, therefore the classification valid in the place of use
of the concrete applies.)
Class Description of the environment Informative examples where

designation exposure class may occur
XA1 Slightly aggressive chemical environment
according to Table 2
XA2 Moderately aggressive chemical
environment according to Table 2
XA3 Highly aggressive chemical environment
according to Table 2
Table 2 of EN 206-1 Limiting values for exposure classes for chemical attack from natural
soil and ground water
Replacement for XA classes in EN 206-1

SS EN 544-2: 2009 Annex A (informative) Table A.2 to determine the ACEC-class
(See BRE Special Digest 1 for guidance on site investigation) 17
SS 544-2: 2009 ACEC – Aggressive Chemical Environment for Concrete Classes
18
D17
CURRENT DESIGN APPROACH – BS EN 206-1:2000/BS 8500-1:2006

Extract from BS 8500-1: 2006, Table A.4 (20 mm aggregate)
Durability recommendations for reinforced or prestressed elements with
an intended working life of at least 50 years
Corrosion induced by carbonation (XC exposure classes)
Exposure Nominal Minimum Maximum Minimum cement or Cements/
Class cover strength w/c ratio combination content combinations types
mm class (kg/m3)
XC1 15 + c C20/25 0.70 240
All in Table A.6
XC2 25 + c C25/30 0.65 260
35 + c C25/30 0.65 260
C28/35* 0.60 280
30 + c C28/35 0.60 280 All in Table A.6
XC3
except IVB-V
and C30/37* 0.55 300
XC4 25 + c C30/37 0.55 300 * For IVB-V
C40/50* 0.45 340
20 + c C40/50 0.45 340
•For same cover, IVB-V cement, lower w/c and higher cement content (also strength class)
19
c – allowance added to minimum cover for durability and level of workmanship on site
D23
Extract from BS 8500-1: 2006, Table A.4 (20 mm aggregate)

Durability recommendations for reinforced or prestressed elements with an
intended working life of at least 100 years
Corrosion induced by chlorides (XS from sea water, XD other than sea water)
Nominal Minimum Minimum cement Cements/

Exposure Maximum
cover strength or combination combinations types
Class w/c ratio
(mm) class content (kg/m3)
   CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, SRPC
50 + c C35/45 0.40 380 IIB-V, IIIA
C28/35 0.45 360 IIIB, IVB-V
XD3
C45/55 0.35 380 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, SRPC
55 + c C32/40 0.45 360 IIB-V, IIIA
C25/30 0.50 340 IIIB, IVB-V
   CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, SRPC
55 + c C32/40 0.45 360 IIB-V, IIIA
C25/30 0.50 340 IIIB, IVB-V
XS3
C45/55 0.35 380 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, SRPC
60 + c C28/35 0.50 340 IIB-V, IIIA
C25/30 0.50 340 IIIB, IVB-V
20
 Note: CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, SRPC not adequate for lower values of cover
SS 544-1: 2009 National Foreword

Annex A (informative) – Exposure classes related to environmental
conditions
 In order to cater to the higher ambient temperature in Singapore
compared to UK, the recommendation is to consider the required
concrete for at least one class higher than that based on exposure
conditions in accordance with the requirements for UK exposure
conditions.
 The specifier shall take into consideration the nature of the element,
intended working life, its importance and the cost of maintenance and
repair to select the same or higher performance concrete. Different
elements in the same structure may be specified with different
concrete to optimise cost-effectiveness
 NOTE – Clause A.3 Cover to reinforcement – United Kingdom
environment is the basis for the recommendations, its adequacy for
Singapore has to be considered by users. In addition to the effect of
higher ambient temperatures in Singapore compared to UK, protection
for steel reinforcement is also dependent on both the cover thickness
and the in-situ quality of the cover concrete. Adequate curing is
necessary, particularly when supplementary cementitious materials 21
are
used to partially replace Portland cement.
Specification for Designed Concrete to SS 544-1: 2009

 Basic requirements
(a) a requirement to conform to SS 544-2;
(b) the compressive strength class;
(c) the limiting values of composition, e.g. maximum w/c ratio,
minimum cement content or the DC-class where appropriate;
(d) where the DC-class has not been specified, the permitted cements and
combinations (see Note 3);
(e) the maximum aggregate size where a value other than 20 mm is
required
(f) the chloride class where a class other than CI 0.40 is required;
(g) for lightweight concrete, the density class or target density;
(h) for heavyweight concrete, the target density;
(i) the class of consistence or, in special cases, a target value for
consistence
Note 3 - : The specifier may choose one or more groups using the broad
designations given in Table 1 or choose other cement and combinations types
not listed in these tables, e.g. Portland-composite cement, composite cements,
Portland cement with two or more additions, cement or combination with low
heat of hydration. With designed concrete it is not necessary to specify the
cement strength class, but where it is needed, it may be specified. Where the
specification for a design concrete does not state the cement and combination
types to be used, the producer is required to select those listed in SS 544-2:
22
2009, Table 1.
Specification for Designed Concrete

 Additional requirements and provisions deemed necessary:
(a) special types or classes of aggregates;
(b) where the use of coarse RA is deemed acceptable (with additional
requirements specific to the type of RA);
(c) restrictions on the use of certain aggregates;
(d) generic type and dosage of fibres,
(e) characteristics required to resist freeze-thaw attack;
(f) requirement for temperature of the fresh concrete, where different from
the lower limit or the upper limit;
(g) strength development;
(h) heat development during hydration;
(i) retarded stiffening;
(j) resistance to water penetration;
(k) resistance to abrasion;
(l) tensile splitting strength;
(m) other technical requirements, e.g. particular finish or special
method of placing
(n) any “concerning effect” (see SS EN 206-1: 2009, Note to A.4*,
together with the tests to be applied and the acceptability criteria
* widely divergent temperature conditions on site or heat treatment
23
SS EN 206-1: 2009
Table 7 – Compressive strength classes for normal-weight and heavy-weight concrete
Compressive Minimum characteristic cylinder strength Minimum characteristic cube strength
strength class fck,cyl (N/mm2) fck,cube (N/mm2)
C6/8* 6 8
C810 8 10
C12/15 12 15
C16/20 16 20
C20/25 20 25
C25/30 25 30
C28/35* 28 35
C30/37 30 37
C32/40* 32 40
C35/45 35 45
C40/50 40 50
C50/60 50 60
C55/67 55 67
C60/75 60 75
C70/85 70 85
C80/95 80 95
C90/105 90 105 24
C100/115 100 115

Production Control – Clause 9

 All concrete shall be subject to production control under the responsibility of
the producer.
Evaluation of Conformity – Clause 10
 The producer is responsible for the evaluation of conformity for specified
requirements of the concrete.
Initial test – Annex A (normative)
Initial tests shall be the responsibility of the producer for designed concrete,
the specifier for prescribed concrete and the standardization body for
standardized prescribed concrete. (Designated concrete?)
Assessment, surveillance and certification of production control
Where it is required either in a contract or by provisions valid in the place of
use of the concrete, that the production control shall be assessed and
surveyed by an approved inspection body and then certified by an approved
certification body, the provisions for assessment, surveillance and certification
given in Annex C (normative) apply. (Regulatory Authority – BCA in Singapore)
 Accreditation Scheme for Product Certification Bodies

CT 06: April 2009 SAC Criteria for Ready-mixed Concrete Producers 25
Conformity control for designed concrete

 Conformity criteria compressive strength
Based on 28-day strength for
- groups of “n” non-overlapping or overlapping consecutive test results, fcm
(criterion 1)
- each individual test result, fci (criterion 2)
Table 14 – Conformity criteria for compressive strength
Production Number n of test results for Criterion 1 Criterion 2
compressive strength in the Mean of n results Any individual test
group (fcm) N/mm2 results (fci) N/mm2
Initial 3  fck + 4  fck – 4
Continuous Not less than 15  fck + 1.48   fck – 4
Initial production covers the production until at least 35 test results are available.
Continuous production is achieved when at least 35 test results are obtained over a period
not exceeding 12 months.  initially based on at least 35 result and verified during
production or changed (choice of 2 methods – 8.2.1.3)
Test result – from individual specimen or average of two or more specimens
Where two more specimens are tested, range  15% of mean
Overlapping test results increases the risk of rejection (producer’s risk)
26
SS 289: 2000 – fck + 3 and fck – 3 on groups of overlapping 4 test results
Concrete Specification C11
Annex B (normative) – SS EN 206-1: 2009

Identity testing for compressive strength
 Identity testing indicates whether the defined volume of concrete in
question belongs to the same population as that verified as
conforming with the characteristic strength via conformity
assessment by the producer.
e.g. single batch or load where there is doubt as to the quality
each storey of a building, group of beams/slabs or column/wall
of a storey, or comparable parts of other structures
 Particular volume of concrete shall be identified;
 Number of samples taken from a particular volume of concrete shall
be defined;
 Average of the results of two or more specimens made from one
sample for testing at the same age;
 Range of the test results  15% of the mean
 Intended to replace regular sampling for testing on site in current

practice particularly when the concrete is certified. 27
Annex B (normative)
Identity testing for compressive strength
Concrete under production control certification
Table B.1 – Identity criteria for compressive strength
Number (n) of test results for Criterion 1 Criterion 2

compressive strength from the Mean of n results (fck) Any individual test result
defined volume of concrete N/mm2 (fci) N/mm2
1 Not applicable  fck – 4
2 to 4  fck + 1  fck – 4
5 to 6  fck + 2  fck – 4
Concrete NOT under production control certification

 From the defined volume of concrete, at least 3 samples shall be taken for
testing
 Conformity criteria as for initial production in Table 14:
Mean of 3 results (fcm)  fck + 4 N/mm2
Any individual test result (fci)  fck – 4 N/mm2
28
TESTING – FRESH CONCRETE: BS EN 12350
 BS EN 12350-1:2000, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 1: Sampling
 BS EN 12350-2:2000, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 2: Slump test
 BS EN 12350-3:2002, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 3: Vebe test
 BS EN 12350-4:2000, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 4: Degree of

compactability
 BS EN 12350-5:2000, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 5: Flow table test
 BS EN 12350-6:2002, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 6: Density
 BS EN 12350-7:2002, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 7: Air content of

concrete – Pressure methods
REPLACING CORRESONPONDING BS 1881 Series (SS 78 Series)

Degree of compactability is NOT the same as Compacting Factor
29
TESTING – HARDENED CONCRETE: EN 12390
• Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for

specimens and moulds;
• Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests;
• Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens;
• Part 4: Compressive strength - Specification for testing
machines;
• Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens;
• Part 6: Tensile splitting strength of test specimens;
• Part 7: Density of hardened concrete;
• Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure.
REPLACING
(SS 78 – Part A8) BS 1881:Part 108:1983, Method for making test cubes
from fresh concrete
(SS 78 – Part A11) BS 1881:Part 111:1983, Method of normal curing test
of test specimens (20O C method)
(SS 78 – Part A16) BS 1881:Part 116:1983, Method for determination 30
of
compressive strength of concrete cubes
Assessment of In-situ Compressive Strength
in Structures and Precast Concrete Components
 BS EN 13791: 2007 Assessment of in-situ compressive strength in

structures and precast concrete components
[National Annex NA (informative) Additional guidance for UK users]
SS EN 13791:2009 [National Annex ZZB (informative) Additional
guidance for Singapore users]
 BS EN 12504-1: 2000 Testing of concrete in structures – Part 1: Cored
specimens – Taking, examining and testing in compression
 BS EN 12504-2: 2001 Testing of concrete in structures – Part 2: Non-
destructive testing – Determination of rebound number
destructive testing – Determination of pull-out force
destructive testing – Determination of ultrasonic pulse velocity
BS 6089: 1981
Guide to assessment of concrete strength in existing structures
(Currently under revision as complimentary standard to BS EN 13791)
31
Current BS – to be withdrawn on publication of complementary guidance
(in preparation in UK)
BS 6089: 1981
Guide to assessment of concrete strength in existing structures
BS 1881: Part 120: 1983 (SS 78 Part A20: 1987)
Method of determination of the compressive strength of concrete cores
BS 1881: Part 202: 1986 (SS 78 Part B2: 1992)
Recommendations for surface hardness testing by rebound hammer
BS 1881: Part 203: 1986 (SS 78 Part B3: 1992)
Recommendations for measurement of velocity of ultrasonic pulses in
concrete
BS 1881: Part 207: 1992 (SS 78 Part B7: 1992)
Recommendations for the assessment of concrete strength by near-to-
surface tests
(Corresponding equivalent local standards based on British Standards)
32
Assessment of in-situ compressive strength
BS EN 13791: 2007 Assessment of in-situ compressive strength in structures and
precast concrete components
Assessment where conformity of concrete based on standard tests is in doubt:
 For a test region comprising many batches of concrete with 15 or more core
data, if
fm(n),is  0.85(fck + 1,48 x s)
and fis,lowest  0.85(fck – 4)
the region may be deemed to contain concrete with adequate strength and the
concrete in the region conformed to EN 206-1
NOTE 1 Failure of an individual core may indicate a local rather than a global
problem
 Alternatively, by agreement between parties, where there are 15 or more
indirect test data and at least two cores taken from the locations that indicate
the lower strength, if
fis,lowest  0.85(fck – 4),
the region may be deemed to contain concrete with adequate strength
 In a small region that contains one or a few batches of concrete, the specifier
may use experience to select two locations for coring and if
fis,lowest  0.85(fck – 4)
the region may be deemed to contain concrete with adequate strength
 If the test region is deemed to contain concrete with adequate strength,
concrete shall be deemed to have come from a conforming population 33
Constituent Materials for Concrete
Cement
BS EN 197-1: 2000 – Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and
conformity criteria for common cements
SS EN 197-1: 2008
BS EN 197-2: Cement – Part 2: Conformity criteria
SS EN 197-2: 2008
BS EN 197-4: Cement – Part 4: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria
for low early strength cements
SS EN 197-4: 2008
REPLACING
BS 12: 1996 (SS 26: 2000) – Specification for Portland cement
BS 4246: 1996 (SS 476: 2000) – Specification for high slag blastfurnace cement
BS 146: 1991 (SS 477: 2000) – Specification for Portland blastfurnace cement
Testing Methods
BS EN 196-1 to 196-9
Annex ZZA (informative), SS EN 197-1 – testing temperature and relative humidity
BS EN 196-8 – Heat of hydration – Solution method (7 days)
BS EN 196-9 – Heat of hydration – semi-adiabatic method (41 h)
CEN standard sand (graded) compared to BS standard sand (single size) 34
Blastfurnace Slag (Addition – combination)

BS EN 15167-1: 2006 – Ground granulated blast furnace slag for use in concrete,
mortar and grout – Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria
SS EN 15167-1: 2008
BS EN 15167-2: 2006 – Ground granulated blast furnace slag for use in concrete,
mortar and grout – Part 2: Conformity evaluation
SS EN 15167-2: 2008
Silica fume (Addition – Type II)
BS EN 13263 Silica fume for concrete – Definitions, requirements and conformity
control
Aggregates
BS EN 12620: 2002 + A1:2008 – Aggregates for concrete
(SS EN 12620: 2008) – Use of RA and RCA
REPLACING
BS 882: 1992 (SS 31:1998) Specification for aggregates from natural sources for
concrete
New Test Methods – Properties of aggregates
BS EN 923 series – General properties
BS EN 933 series – Geometrical properties
BS EN 1097 series – mechanical and physical properties
BS EN 1367 series – thermal and weathering properties
BS EN 1744 series for chemical properties
35
Concrete Constituent Materials – Cement
BS EN 197-1: 2000 (Amendment A1:2004)

SS EN 197-1: 2008
Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria
for common cements
 27 types of common cement: (clinker + other inorganic materials)
CEM I Portland cement
CEM II Portland-composite cement
CEM III Blastfurnace cement
CEM IV Pozzolanic cement
CEM V Composite cement
Table 1 – The 27 products in the family of common cements

(Composition: % by mass of main constituents and minor additional constituents)
36
(SS) BS EN 197-1 – Common cements
CEM I – Portland cement
Main Notation of the 27 Composition [percentage by mass]
types products
(types of common Main constituents Minor
cement) additional
Clinker Blast- Silica Pozzolans Fly ash Burnt Limestone constituents
furnace fume natural natural siliceous calcareous shale
Slag (max. calcined
10%)
K S D P Q V W T L LL
CEM I Portland CEM I 95 to – – – – – – – – – 0 to 5

cement 100
Table 2 – Mechanical and physical requirements given as characteristic values

Compressive strength
MPa Initial setting time Soundness
Strength class (expansion)
Early strength Standard strength
min mm
2 days 7 days 28 days
32,5 N – ≥ 16,0
≥ 32,5 ≤ 52,5 ≥ 75
32,5 R ≥ 10,0 –
42,5 N ≥ 10,0 –
≥ 42,5 ≤ 62,5 ≥ 60 ≤ 10
42,5 R ≥ 20,0 –
52,5 N ≥ 20,0 –
37
≥ 52,5 – ≥ 45
52,5 R ≥ 30,0 –
CEM II – Portland-composite cement (example)


types products
Main constituents Minor
(types of common additional
cement) Clinker Blast- Silica Pozzolans Fly ash Burnt Limestone constituents
furnace fume shale
Slag (max. natural natural siliceous calca-
10%) calcined reous
CEM 80 to – – – – – – – 6 to – 0 to 5
II/A-L 94 20
CEM 65 to – – – – – – – 21 – 0 to 5
II/B-L 79 to
Portland- 35
limestone
cement CEM 80 to – – – – – – – – 6 to 0 to 5
II/A-LL 94 20
CEM II
CEM 65 to – – – – – – – – 21 0 to 5
II/B-LL 79 to
35
CEM 80 to 0 to 5
Portland- II/A-M 6 to 20
94
composite
cement CEM 65 to 0 to 5
II/B-M 21 to 35
79
38
In Portland-composite cements CEM II/A-M and CEM II/B-M, the main constituents other than clinker shall be declared by designation of the cement;
L: TOC<0.5%, LL: TOC<0.2%
CEM III, IV and V – Portland-composite cement


types products
Main constituents Minor
(types of common additional
cement) Clinker Blast- Silica Pozzolans Fly ash Burnt Limestone constituent
furnace fume shale s
Slag (max. natural natural siliceous calca-
10%) calcined reous
CEM 35 to 36 to – – – – – – – – 0 to 5
III/A 64 65
Blast- CEM 20 to 66 to – – – – – – – – 0 to 5
CEM III furnace III/B
cement 34 80
CEM 5 to 81 to – – – – – – – – 0 to 5
III/C 19 95
CEM 65 to – – – – 0 to 5
IV/A 89 11 to 35
Ppozzo-
CEM IV lanic
cement CEM 45 to – – – – 0 to 5
IV/B 64 36 to 55
CEM 40 to 18 to – – – – – 0 to 5
V/A 64 30 18 to 30
Composite
CEM V
cement CEM 20 to 31 to – – – – – 0 to 5
V/B 38 50 31 to 50
In Pozzolanic cements CEM IV/A and CEM IV/B and in composite cements CEM V/A and CEM V/B, the main constituents other than clinker39
shall be
declared by designation of the cement
(SS 544-2:2009) BS 8500-2:2006 Table 1 General purpose cements
Type Notation Standard Broad Grouping used
designation in BRE SD1:2005
Portland cement CEM I BS EN 197-1 CEM I A
Portland silica fume CEM II/A-D BS EN 197-1 IIA A
cement
Portland limestone CEM II/A-L BS EN 197-1 IIA B (  42.5) or C
cement CEM II/A-LL BS EN 197-1 IIA B or C (32.5)
Portland slag CEM II/A-S BS EN 197-1 IIA A
cements CEM II/B-S BS EN 197-1 IIB-S A
Portland fly ash CEM II/A-V BS EN 197-1 IIA A
cements CEM II/B-V BS EN 197-1 IIB-V A
CEM II/B-V+SR (25%) BS EN 197-1 IIB+SR D
Blastfurnace CEM III/A BS EN 197-1 or IIIA A
cements CEM III/A+SR BS EN 197-4 IIIA+SR D
(SR: if alumina > 14% CEM III/B BS EN 197-1 or IIIB A
PC-C3A  10%)
CEM III/B+SR BS EN 197-4 IIIB+SR F
Pozzolanic cement CEM IV/B(V) BS EN 197-1 or IVB-V E
BS EN 14216
Sulfate-resisting SRPC BS 4027 SRPC G 40
Portland cement
◊ BS 8500-1: 2006 (SS 544 -1: 2009)

Clause 3.1.2 Combination
Restricted range of Portland cements and additions
which, having been combined in the concrete mixer,
count fully towards the cement content and
water/cement ratio in concrete
Note: A procedure for establishing the suitability of
combinations is specified in BS 8500-2:2006
Annex A (normative) Conformity procedure for
combinations (SS 544-2: 2009)
Note: The procedure is applicable to a specific source
of addition combined with a specific source of
Portland cement, and determines permitted
proportions for the addition relative to the cement
Note: An example of the procedure is given in Annex C
(informative) of BS 8500-2:2006 (SS 544-2: 2009) 41
CEMENT
 For durability requirements: minimum cement content for specified
types of cement and maximum water/cement ratio
 For low heat applications: meeting heat of hydration requirement
 Use of combinations in place of pre-blended cement: additional
production control for conformity of combinations – Annex A
(normative) SS 544: Part 2: 2009, Example – Annex C (informative)
 Characteristic values for properties, e.g. early or standard strength
 Limiting values for single results: Table 8, SS EN 197-1:2008
e.g. Property (LH): characteristic 270 J/g, upper limit 300 J/g
 Preferred Na2O eq.  0.60% (minimising potential ASR – BCA)
CHALLENGING ISSUES
 High cement content on temperature control in thick sections
 Factory production control by the manufacturer and certification of
imported cement
 Blended cement with factory production control in Singapore with
certification e.g. Portland-composite cement, CEM II/A-M and
Composite cement, CEM V/A – GREEN CEMENT replacing CEM I
42
Aggregates Standards
◊ BS EN 12620: 2002 Aggregates for concrete

SS EN 12620: 2008 Aggregates for concrete (Replacing SS 31)
Aggregates and filler aggregates obtained by processing natural,
manufactured or recycled materials and mixtures of these
aggregates for use in concrete
Oven dried particle density greater than 2 000 kg/m3
Examples of some requirements taken to illustrate new approach to

specify properties and guidance
Note: ISO 565:1990 Test sieves – Metal wire cloth, perforated metal
plate and electroformed sheet
- Nominal sizes of openings
Minor differences from BS sieves openings
(to change over soonest convenient – UK adopts basic set plus set 2)
43
Established UK aggregate descriptions and

their recommended equivalent EN designations
(Reference: PD 6682-1: 2003, BSI)
BS 882 description Recommended BS EN 12620 description – mm
40 mm to 5 mm graded 4/40
40 mm single sized 20/40
14 mm single sized 6.3/14
5 mm single sized 2/6.3
40 mm all-in 0/40
20 mm all-in 0/20
10 mm all-in 0/10
5 mm all-in 0/6.3
C (coarse) sand 0/4 (CP)
M (medium) sand 0/4 or 0/2 (MP) 44
F (fine) sand 0/2 or 0/1 (FP )
New way to state aggregate size

 Aggregate sizes specified using the designation d/D
d = lower sieve size and D = upper sieve size (mm)
Aggregate sizes shall have D/d not less than 1,4
Example : graded coarse aggregate 4/20 (d = 4 and D = 20)

Table 2 – General grading requirements
For D/d > 2 and D > 11,2 mm
Percentage passing by mass Category
2 D (40) 1,4 Da (31,5) D (20) d (4) d/2 (2) G
100 98 to 100 90 to 99 0 to 15 0 to 5 Gc90/15
a Where the sieves calculated are not exact sieve numbers in the ISO 565:1990 R20 series then the next
nearest sieve size shall be adopted.
For graded coarse aggregates where D > 11,2 mm and D/d > 2
i) all gradings shall comply with the overall limits given in Table 3;
ii) the producer shall document and, on request, declare the typical grading passing the mid-size sieve
and tolerances selected from the categories in Table 3.
Table 3 – Overall limits and tolerances for coarse aggregate grading at mid-size sieve
D/d Mid-size sieve Overall limits and tolerances at mid-size sieves Category
(mm) (percentage passing by mass) GT
Overall limits Tolerances on producer’s declared typical grading 45
≥4 D/2 (10) 25 to 70  17,5 GT 17,5
Single size coarse aggregate : Example 10/20 and 4/10
For D > 11,2 and D/d  2
Table 2 – General grading requirements only
Percentage passing by mass
2 D (40) (20) 1,4 Da (31,5) (14) D (20) (10) d (10) (4) d/2 (4) (2) Category
100 98 to 100 85 to 99 0 to 20 0 to 5 Gc85/20
Shape of coarse aggregates – in terms of flakiness index (EN 933-3)

(Differs from BS 812-105 openings and lower limits are specified)
 When required, the flakiness index shall be declared in accordance with the relevant
category specified in Table 8 according to the particular application or end use
Table 8 – Categories for maximum values of flakiness index
(BS 882 values from PD 6682-1:2002, Table 3)
Flakiness index Category BS 882 maximum value Type of aggregate/use
 15 FI15 - Special circumstance, e.g.
 20 FI20 - pavement surface courses
 35 FI35 40 Crushed rock or gravel
 50 FI50 50 Uncrushed gravel
 50 FIDeclared - -
46
No requirement FINR - -
Aggregates
 SS EN 12620: 2008 Annex ZZA (normative) Testing scheme for
aggregates imported from sources/quarries without a system of
product quality control (to be undertaken by importers of aggregate)
 Table ZZA.1 – Minimum test frequencies for general properties

Table ZZA.2 – Minimum test frequencies for properties specific to end
user
Table ZZA.3 – Minimum test frequencies for properties appropriate to
aggregates from particular source/quarries
 Property 6 of Table ZZA.1 – Alkali-silica reactivity

New source/quarry with no proven track record
ASTM C295 and ASTM C1260 followed by ASTM C1293 (if expansion
at 16 days is 0.1% or higher as per ASTM C1260)
or BS 812 Part 104: 1994 followed by BS 812 Part 123: 1999 (BS 7943
gives guidance on the interpretation of the results of 47
petrographical examination of coarse and fine aggregates)
48
Admixtures
BS EN 934-1: 2008, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 1: Common
requirements
(SS EN 934-1:2008)
BS EN 934-2: 2008, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2: Concrete
Admixtures – Definitions, requirements, conformity, making and labeling
(SS EN 934-2:2008)
BS EN 934-4: 2008, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 4:
Admixtures for grout for prestressing tendons
(SS EN 934-4:2008)
BS EN 934-6: 2008, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 6:
Sampling,conformity control and evaluation of conformity
(SS EN 934-6:2008)
REPLACING
BS 5075: Parts 1 to 3 (SS 320: 1987, Concrete Admixtures)
Testing Methods
Major changes with standard mortar and standard concrete for testing
CONFORMITY TESTING ONLY, TEST RESULTS NOT DIRECTLY APPLICABLE TO
SITE REQUIREMENTS – PERFORMANCE TESTING NEEDED
49
Admixtures Standards - Specification
EN 934-1:2008, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 1: Common requirements
SS EN 934-1: 2008
EN 934-2:2001, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2: Concrete admixtures –
Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling
SS EN 934-2: 2008 (National Foreword provides guidance on testing for Singapore)
EN 934-3:2003, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 3: Admixtures for masonry
mortar – Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling
(Corresponding SS not considered)
EN 934-4:2001, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 4: Admixtures for grout for
prestressing tendons – Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and
labelling
SS EN 934-4: 2008 (National Foreword provides guidance on testing for Singapore)
EN 934-5:2001, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 5: Admixtures for sprayed
concrete – Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling
(Corresponding SS not considered)
EN 934-6:2001, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 6: Sampling, conformity
control, and evaluation of conformity (Amendment 1, March 2006)
SS EN 934-6: 2008
REPLACING
SS 320: 1987, Chemical Admixtures
50
Admixtures Standards – Testing
EN 480-1:2006, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods – Part 1: Reference concrete
and reference mortar for testing
EN 480-2:2006, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods – Part 2: Determination of
setting time
bleeding of concrete
capillary absorption
EN 480-6:2005, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods – Part 6: Infrared analysis
conventional dry material content
the water soluble chloride content
EN 480-11:2005, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods – Part 11: Determination of air
void characteristics in hardened concrete
the alkali content of admixtures
EN 480-13:2002, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods – Part 13: Reference masonry
mortar for testing mortar admixtures
the effect on corrosion susceptibility of reinforcing steel by potentiostatic electro-chemical
test
National Forward to SS EN 943- series indicate guidance on testing for Singapore
51
Admixtures Standards
52
EN 934 – 2: Tables 3.1 & 3.2
53
Admixtures Standards
Chemical Admixtures
 Performance based testing using standard mortar and standard
concrete for conformity assessment only (not for application
purposes)
 For application, initial testing for required performance, e.g. dosage to
provide specified consistence of designed concrete for a project
 Test certificates show results not necessarily the same way as for
current test methods
 Setting time test based on penetration of Vicat needle on standard
mortar (standard EN sand) mainly to assess delay in setting with
retarding admixture
 Current practice on setting time (penetration of standard rod on wet-
sieved mortar from concrete) may need to be retained for potential
cold joint time (new test method directly on concrete should be
developed)
 Factory production control and certification are likely to be adopted
by major manufacturers, locally or from overseas
54
SAC CT06: SAC Criteria for Ready-mixed concrete producers
Personnel
The producer shall engage the following:
a) a Quality Control manager with recognised
degree/diploma in Civil or Structural Engineering or
Building with at least 3 years experience in the concrete
production industry (or equivalent qualification as
assessed by the Certification Body); and
b) a batching plant operator with at least an ACI Technician
Grade 1 certification (or equivalent qualification as
assessed by the Certification Body) for each plant. [Note:
The certification programme for the ACI Technician
Certification (or its equivalent), shall be modified to
reflect local practice including the use of local codes.
55
Batching plant and other facilities
• Concrete shall be batched in a wet batch mixer facility
• batching process shall be controlled using a computerised system.
• Computerised batching records shall also be generated
• Adequate stockpile facilities shall be provided to ensure that
aggregates are stored on clean surface in separate stockpiles or
bunkers
• these facilities shall be sheltered with adequate roof and side
covers
• the methods used for material storage and handling, concrete
production and supply, is to ensure that risks for non-compliance,
intermingling, contamination, segregation, errors, loss of materials or
concrete, and the influence of weather are minimised.
• Each producer shall have a test laboratory. However, if these test
results are to be recognised for compliance with SS EN 206-1: 2009,
the test laboratory has to be accredited by the Singapore Accreditation
Council (under SAC-SINGLAS) or an ILAC MRA partner for the
relevant tests. 56
Resistance to alkali aggregate reaction
• Alkali-silica reaction (ASR)
– When imported aggregate is used and where the
source of aggregate is new to Singapore, the
aggregates shall be tested before use for potential alkali
reactivity.
– in order to minimise the risk of ASR in structural
concrete control on alkali content is required by means
of :
• use of low alkali cement with equivalent Na2O ≤0.6 %; or
• limit the total alkali content of concrete to 2.5 kg equivalent
Na2O / m3, if the equivalent Na2O content of cement is over 0.6
%.
• In conjunction with para b), confirmation of actions taken to
minimise the risk of ASR shall be maintained for verification.
57
Spot tests by certification body
• The certification body performs spot tests on concrete and
constituent materials during the initial assessment of production
control and also during routine inspection by taking spot
samples from the running production.
• The following are the minimum tests to be included in the spot
tests and shall be carried out by SAC-SINGLAS accredited
laboratories or ILAC MRA partners:
– chloride content of concrete:
• The sum of the contribution from the constituent materials
shall be determined using one of, or a combination of
methods referred in section 5.2.7, SS EN 206-1: 2009.
• However, the use of test report (certified true copy) from
an accredited laboratory or declared value by the
producer of each constituent material can be considered
as acceptable in lieu of spot tests on the constituent
58
materials.
Spot tests by certification body
– compressive strength test on moulded concrete
specimen
– alkali-silica reactivity of aggregates:
• Each source of aggregate supply shall be tested
once a year. However, test report (certified true copy)
from an accredited laboratory, not older than 1 year
for each source of aggregate supply can be
considered as acceptable in lieu of spot tests.
• Test reports sent through fax, email or from internet,
from HDB appointed managing agent(s) will be
considered as certified true copies.
59
Provisions for Assessment, surveillance and certification of
production Control
General
• The producer is responsible for the evaluation of
conformity for specified requirements of the
concrete, including carrying out:
– Initial tests, when required ( SS EN 206-1, 9,5 and Annex A)
– Production control (SS EN 206-1, Clause 9), including
conformity control (SS EN 206-1, clause 8);
• inspection and certification bodies are
recommended to inspect the production control and
certify its conformity according to
– the level of performance requirements for the concrete
– its intended use
– the kind of production
– The margin of safety in the concrete composition
60
Assessment, surveillance and certification of production
control (SS EN 206-1:2009, 10.2 and annex C)
• Where it is required either in a contract or by

SS 544-2
• the producer’s production control is required to
be assessed and surveyed by an approved
inspection body
• then certified by an approved certification body
(Approved by SAC in Singapore)
• the provisions for assessment, surveillance and
certification are given in SS EN 206-1, Annex
C. 61
SAC CT05: SAC Criteria for Certification Bodies
(Ready-mixed concrete)
RMC Inspectors
• A certification body shall appoint qualified
inspectors to conduct RMC inspection.
Inspectors shall meet the criteria as indicated
in Table 3.1.
• In addition, all inspectors shall have attended
a training on the certification standards on
RMC, organised by the Building and
Construction Authority (BCA) or another
organisation providing an equivalent course.
62
RMC Inspectors
63
RMC Inspectors
64
65
List of Certified Plants
66
67
END
Thank You for Your Attention!
68

New Concrete Standards

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New Concrete Standards

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Seminar on New Technology, New Products

and New Standards of Concrete

New Concrete Standards

BCA Circular dated 20 Oct 2006

 the BS EN version of Eurocode 2 ‘Design of Concrete

Linking the Past and Present to the Future

 Traditionally, Singapore Standards and Concrete Design

 Singapore codes and standards rely mainly on UK

 With UK migrating over to EN series of codes and

 Only the standards relating to concrete and its constituent

Terms and Definitions

Class Class description Informative examples applicable in UK

Class Class Informative examples applicable in the United Kingdom

Class Class description Informative examples applicable in the United Kingdom

Note: XS1 – level of airborne salt for distances inland needs to be

Class Class description Informative examples applicable in the United Kingdom

Class Description of the environment Informative examples where

Replacement for XA classes in EN 206-1

CURRENT DESIGN APPROACH – BS EN 206-1:2000/BS 8500-1:2006

Extract from BS 8500-1: 2006, Table A.4 (20 mm aggregate)

Nominal Minimum Minimum cement Cements/

SS 544-1: 2009 National Foreword

Specification for Designed Concrete to SS 544-1: 2009

Specification for Designed Concrete

C100/115 100 115

Production Control – Clause 9

 Accreditation Scheme for Product Certification Bodies

Conformity control for designed concrete

Annex B (normative) – SS EN 206-1: 2009

 Intended to replace regular sampling for testing on site in current

Number (n) of test results for Criterion 1 Criterion 2

Concrete NOT under production control certification

 BS EN 12350-1:2000, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 1: Sampling

 BS EN 12350-2:2000, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 2: Slump test

 BS EN 12350-3:2002, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 3: Vebe test

 BS EN 12350-4:2000, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 4: Degree of

 BS EN 12350-5:2000, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 5: Flow table test

 BS EN 12350-6:2002, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 6: Density

 BS EN 12350-7:2002, Testing of fresh concrete – Part 7: Air content of

REPLACING CORRESONPONDING BS 1881 Series (SS 78 Series)

• Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for

 BS EN 13791: 2007 Assessment of in-situ compressive strength in

(Corresponding equivalent local standards based on British Standards)

Blastfurnace Slag (Addition – combination)

BS EN 197-1: 2000 (Amendment A1:2004)

Table 1 – The 27 products in the family of common cements

CEM I Portland CEM I 95 to – – – – – – – – – 0 to 5

Table 2 – Mechanical and physical requirements given as characteristic values

CEM II – Portland-composite cement (example)

Main Notation of the 27 Composition [percentage by mass]

CEM III, IV and V – Portland-composite cement

Main Notation of the 27 Composition [percentage by mass]

◊ BS 8500-1: 2006 (SS 544 -1: 2009)

◊ BS EN 12620: 2002 Aggregates for concrete

Oven dried particle density greater than 2 000 kg/m3

Examples of some requirements taken to illustrate new approach to

Established UK aggregate descriptions and

New way to state aggregate size

Example : graded coarse aggregate 4/20 (d = 4 and D = 20)

100 98 to 100 85 to 99 0 to 20 0 to 5 Gc85/20

Shape of coarse aggregates – in terms of flakiness index (EN 933-3)

 Table ZZA.1 – Minimum test frequencies for general properties

 Property 6 of Table ZZA.1 – Alkali-silica reactivity